CN107135783B - Seedling cultivation method for Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst region - Google Patents

Abstract

A nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions comprises the following steps: s1: soil preparation, compartment implantation after plowing and harrowing, base fertilizer application and insecticide spraying; s2: pretreating Paeonia ostii seeds, soaking the Paeonia ostii seeds with potassium permanganate after seed selection, and then soaking the Paeonia ostii seeds with gibberellin; s3: sowing, namely planting the peppers from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the year, sowing paeonia ostii peony seeds between every two rows of peppers from the bottom of 9 months to the bottom of 1 month in the next year in the year, harvesting when the root systems of the peppers are developed, and covering the harvested seedlings on soil near the roots of the paeonia ostii peony; s4: management and protection measures such as seedling management, pest and disease damage strengthening, timely weeding and the like are taken. The invention provides a paeonia ostii peony cultivation method suitable for Guizhou karst regions, which can effectively overcome the problem that cultivation of paeonia ostii peony seedlings is limited due to low soil fertility and low water retention capacity in the karst regions, improves the adaptability of paeonia ostii peony, and effectively increases the yield.

Description

Seedling cultivation method for Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst region

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of forest seedling propagation, in particular to a seedling cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions.

Background

Paeonia ostii, also called Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia suffruticosa belongs to south China, has high temperature and high humidity resistance, is suitable for summer without summer heat and winter without severe cold environment, and has medicinal functions of analgesia, antipyresis, antianaphylaxis, antiphlogosis, immunity and the like on root bark. The plaintext of Chinese medicine dictionary is recorded: "the quality of the cortex moutan produced by Feng shan Yao Tong Huang shan, province of Anhui, copper, so it is called Feng Dan. In 2006, 4 months, the national quality inspection Bureau approved the implementation of geotagged product protection on Paeonia ostii. The plant of the variety is tall and upright, the annual growth amount is large, and the annual branch growth can reach 50 cm. Large long leaves, 13-15 small leaves, oblong to long oval shape, all around the edge, are in the shape of needles. The flower petal has low petal shape, mainly single petal type, and a few petals are increased slightly to form lotus type.

Paeonia ostii and peony have high medicinal value, and the root bark of Paeonia ostii and peony is also a famous precious Chinese medicinal material, namely the root bark of peony tree. The cortex moutan has the effects of relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, clearing heat, cooling blood, resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, tranquilizing, relieving pain, lowering blood pressure, resisting spasm, clearing heat, removing blood stasis and the like, also has an antiseptic function, and is a rare traditional Chinese medicinal material. The paeonia ostii cortex moutan has the best quality and efficacy, thick and straight root strips, thick skin, enough powder, strong fragrance and white section.

The peony contains paeoniflorin, paeonol, paeoniflorin, cortex moutan polysaccharide, benzoic acid, sterol, volatile oil, etc.; the paeonol content is the main index for inspecting the quality of the cortex moutan, and the main processing product is paeonol which can be used as a medicament for resisting cardiovascular system diseases, and can also be used as an additive of daily chemical products such as toothpaste, perfumed soap, toilet water and the like, and has great market potential in the aspects of food preservation, health care and the like.

At present, dozens of prescriptions have been developed by applying cortex moutan, meanwhile, the medicinal research of the paeonia ostii cortex moutan has made certain progress in the aspects of chemical components, pharmacological action and the like, and the effects of resisting atherosclerosis, reducing blood pressure, reducing blood sugar, resisting convulsion, protecting the liver, promoting urination, resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, protecting cardiac muscle cells, on blood rheological property, on brain tissue protection and the like are proved by experimental research, so that experimental basis is provided for the further development of the paeonia ostii cortex moutan.

The paeonia ostii and peony contains rich nutrient substances and has high medicinal value and edible value. At present, the phenomenon of eating paeonia ostii peony is gradually fashionable everywhere, a plurality of formulas are formed, the paeonia ostii peony is made into peony beverage, peony scented tea, peony wine, peony sauce and peony flower cakes, and the peony health care function is realized when the peony is eaten, and petals with strong flower fragrance are eaten. After years of research, a perfect formula and a complete process flow are made. At present, paeonia ostii peony flower moon cakes and peony sauce are produced in batches.

The traditional plant division and cutting propagation method has long period and low propagation coefficient, and can only propagate 1-3 times each year. The tissue culture rapid propagation technology is usually beneficial to solving the propagation difficulty and the seedling deficiency, and provides a large amount of seedlings in a short period so as to protect the industrialized development of landscaping plants and provide technical support for the effective protection and industrial development of the broad bean green, the cultivation of excellent varieties and the cultivation and construction of seed source bases. The cultivation of Paeonia ostii and peony seedlings is severely limited in Guizhou karst regions due to low soil fertility and poor water retention.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a seedling cultivation method for paeonia ostii in the Guizhou karst region, so that the problem that the cultivation of paeonia ostii seedlings is limited due to low soil fertility and poor water retention in the Guizhou karst region is solved.

The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:

a nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing soil, preparing soil with depth of 25-35 cm, plowing and harrowing twice, then transplanting in compartments with length of 15-25 m, width of 1-1.2 m and height of 25-35 cm, arranging footpaths between beds, using rotten animal manure or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and preparing soil with depth of 0.2-0.3 kg/m²Spreading, and then 0.13-0.15 kg/m of 50% mancozeb³0.08-0.1 kg/m of 50% phoxim missible oil³0.1-0.13 kg/m of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate³Spraying the soil surface, and performing soil preparation and plowing uniformly.

The decomposed animal manure as the base fertilizer can provide inorganic nutrients, organic nutrients and active substances for plants, improve the effectiveness of soil nutrients, improve the soil structure, improve the permeability of the soil, improve the fertilizer retention and water retention of the soil and improve the pH value of the soil. The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a multi-element fertilizer, the aqueous solution is alkaline, the acid soil can be improved, the effect is good when the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer during the cultivation of field seedlings, and the required nutrients can be slowly absorbed by plants. Because the karst area is barren and poor in water retention capacity, the paeonia ostii peony prefers fertilizer, the soil layer is required to be deep and fertile, and the air permeability is good, the decomposed animal manure or the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer to improve the soil so as to improve the adaptability of the paeonia ostii peony.

Mancozeb is mainly used for preventing and controlling downy mildew, anthracnose, brown spot and the like; the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is a commonly used broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide; the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution has good effect on various chewing and piercing-sucking mouthpart pests, and the mancozeb, the phoxim emulsifiable solution and the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution are matched for use, so that the pest and disease damage can be effectively prevented and treated, and the cultivation quality of the paeonia ostii peony is improved.

S2: the method comprises the steps of pretreating paeonia ostii peony seeds, selecting seeds with the same size and specification, soaking and disinfecting the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 0.5-1 hour, then placing the disinfected seeds into warm water containing 0.2mg/ml gibberellin and being at 40-55 ℃ for soaking for 10-16 hours, taking out the seeds, changing water once within 2 hours during soaking, and finally placing the seeds indoors for sowing.

The gibberellin is used for soaking the paeonia ostii peony seeds, so that the seed dormancy can be broken through, the seeds can be promoted to germinate rapidly, the vitality of the seeds is improved, a good physiological effect and a good appearance form can be kept in a period of time, and seedlings are enabled to emerge orderly.

S3: sowing, namely planting the peppers from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the current year, planting the peppers at the row spacing of 30-40 cm, sowing the paeonia ostii seeds between every two rows of peppers from the bottom of 9 months to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, wherein the depth of each furrow is 4-5 cm, sowing the seeds in the sowed sowing furrow, the sowing amount is 150-250 jin/mu, covering sterilized humus soil for 1-2 cm after sowing, covering a bed surface with 3-4 cm-thick straws, watering to moisten the seedbed, and reserving drainage ditches at intervals of 1-1.5 m.

The pepper is the first choice tree species for controlling stony desertification in Guizhou karst regions, and has the advantages of strong sprouting property, cold resistance, drought resistance, strong disease resistance, long hidden bud life and strong pruning resistance. The pepper is cultivated from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the current year, is used for conserving water sources and maintaining water and soil, can effectively improve the condition of poor water retention capability of soil in Guizhou karst regions, and can improve the adaptability of Paeonia ostii; in the best sowing season of paeonia ostii when the bottom of the current 9 month to the bottom of the next 1 month, the bed surface is covered with thick straws for storing entropy and preserving water so as to improve the germination rate of seeds.

S4: and (3) seedling management, namely immediately uncovering a covering material after the seedlings emerge, spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate every 10-15 days, frequently applying a thin fertilizer, strengthening the pest and disease damage, and timely weeding management and protection measures to finish the seedling cultivation process of paeonia ostii, wherein the seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 10-15 cm.

Further, in the step S3, when the depth of root pricking of the pepper roots in the soil reaches 10-15 cm and the height of emergence of seedlings reaches above 15-20 cm, harvesting, wherein the ground height is kept to be 5-8 cm and 2-3 leaves need to be kept during harvesting, and the harvested seedlings are used for covering the soil near the roots of paeonia ostii.

With the growth of pepper plants, the pepper and paeonia ostii generate nutrition competition, when the root system of the pepper is rooted in the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm, the root system of the pepper is enough to achieve the effect of water retention, so that the pepper is harvested to reduce the nutrition competition with paeonia ostii, the height of a stem needs to be kept to be 5-8 cm and 2-3 leaves need to be kept during harvesting, the aim is to ensure the vitality of the pepper, the pepper leaves can synthesize organic matters through photosynthesis to provide nutrition and energy for plants, and the pepper can continuously complete the water retention effect; the harvested leaves are directly used for covering the soil above the roots of the paeonia ostii peony, so that moisture can be effectively intercepted after rainfall, the water holding capacity of the soil is increased, meanwhile, the soil evapotranspiration amount can be reduced, good moisture conditions can be provided for the growth of the paeonia ostii peony, and in addition, humus can be increased after the parts of the leaves are decomposed, and the nutrient of the soil is improved; because the climate of Guizhou is also more moist, leave the escape canal every 1 ~ 1.5 meters, can avoid the moisture too much when the rainwater is more, influence the Paeonia ostii peony growth.

Further, in the step S3, pepper seeds need to be pretreated before sowing, the seeds to be treated are put into water which is 1-2 times more than the seeds, stirred and then kept stand for 20-30 minutes, floating blighted grains and impurities are removed, the carefully selected seeds are put into a container, poured into 2-3% alkaline water or washing powder water for soaking for 10-24 hours, then washed by hands to remove oil on the surfaces of the seeds, finally the seeds are fished out, stirred and mixed by loess according to the proportion of 1:1, and then spread in a cool and dry place for sowing.

Further, in the step S3, the sowing density of the pepper seeds is 20-30 kg/mu, thinning is carried out when the height of seedlings reaches 3-4 cm, and the density of the seedlings is kept to be 0.2-0.3 ten thousand plants/mu.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a paeonia ostii peony cultivation method suitable for Guizhou karst regions, which can effectively overcome the problem that cultivation of paeonia ostii peony seedlings is limited due to low soil fertility and poor water retention capacity in the karst regions.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below:

the first embodiment is as follows:

a nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing soil, preparing soil with depth of 25cm, raking twice, transplanting in compartments with length of 15m, width of 1m and height of 25cm, setting footpaths between beds, using decomposed animal manure or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and adding fertilizer at a ratio of 0.225kg/m²Spreading, and then using 50 percent mancozeb 0.15kg/m³0.1kg/m of 50 percent phoxim missible oil³0.12kg/m of 40 percent chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution³Spraying the soil surface, and performing soil preparation and plowing uniformly.

S2: pretreating Paeonia ostii seeds, selecting seeds with the same size and specification, soaking and sterilizing the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 0.5 hour, then placing the sterilized seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ containing 0.2mg/ml gibberellin for 10 hours, taking out the seeds, changing water once within 2 hours during the soaking period, and finally placing the seeds in a room for sowing.

S3: sowing, namely planting the pepper from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the year, wherein the row spacing is 30cm, the sowing density is 20 kg/mu, thinning is carried out when the seedling height reaches 3cm, and the seedling density is kept to be 0.2 ten thousand plants/mu; the pepper seeds need to be pretreated before sowing, and the treatment method comprises the following steps: putting seeds to be treated into water which is 1 time more than the seeds, stirring, standing for 20 minutes, removing floated blighted grains and impurities, putting the carefully selected seeds into a container, pouring 2% alkaline water or washing powder into the container, soaking the seeds for 10 hours, rubbing and washing the seeds with hands to remove oil on the surfaces of the seeds, fishing out the seeds, stirring and mixing the seeds with loess according to the proportion of 1:1, spreading the seeds in a cool and dry place, and waiting to be sowed;

sowing paeonia ostii seeds in furrows between every two rows of pepper at the bottom of 9 months in the current year to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, wherein the furrow depth is 4cm, after furrowing, the seeds are scattered in the sown furrows with the sowing quantity of 150 jin/mu, after sowing, the sown seeds are covered with 1cm of sterilized humus soil, then rice straws with the thickness of 3cm are covered on the surface of the bed, watering is carried out to moisten the seedbed, and drainage ditches are reserved at intervals of 1 meter; when the root of the pepper is pricked in the soil to a depth of 10cm and the height of the emergence of seedlings reaches more than 15cm, harvesting, wherein the ground height is kept to be 5cm and 3 blades are required to be kept during harvesting, and the harvested seedlings are used for covering the soil near the roots of paeonia ostii peony; harvesting every four months, wherein the ground height is kept to be 8cm and 3 blades are required to be kept.

S4: and (3) seedling management, namely immediately uncovering a covering material after the seedlings emerge, spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate every 10 days, frequently applying thin fertilizer, strengthening pest and disease damage, and timely weeding management and protection measures to finish the seedling cultivation process of paeonia ostii, wherein the seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 10 cm.

Example two:

a nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions comprises the following steps:

s1: soil preparation with a depth of 30cm, and twice plowing and harrowingBedding in a compartment with length of 20m, width of 1m and height of 30cm, setting a footpath between beds, using decomposed animal manure or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and setting the amount of 0.225kg/m²Spreading, and then using 50 percent mancozeb 0.15kg/m³0.1kg/m of 50 percent phoxim missible oil³0.12kg/m of 40 percent chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution³Spraying the soil surface, and uniformly preparing soil and ploughing;

s2: pretreating paeonia ostii seeds, selecting seeds with the same size and specification, soaking and disinfecting in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour, then placing the disinfected seeds into warm water at 50 ℃ containing 0.2mg/ml gibberellin, soaking for 15 hours, taking out, changing water once within 2 hours during soaking, and finally placing the seeds indoors for sowing;

s3: sowing, namely planting pepper from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the year, wherein the row spacing is 35cm, the sowing density is 25 kg/mu, thinning is carried out when the seedling height reaches 4cm, and the seedling density is kept to be 0.3 ten thousand plants/mu; the pepper seeds need to be pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: putting seeds to be treated into water which is 2 times more than the seeds, stirring, standing for 30 minutes, removing floated blighted grains and impurities, putting the carefully selected seeds into a container, pouring 3% alkaline water or washing powder into the container, soaking for 15 hours, rubbing and washing by hands, removing the surface oil of the seeds, fishing out the seeds, stirring and mixing the seeds by loess according to the proportion of 1:1, spreading the seeds in a cool and dry place, and waiting for sowing;

sowing paeonia ostii seeds in furrows between every two rows of pepper at the bottom of 9 months in the current year to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, wherein the furrow depth is 5cm, after furrowing, the seeds are scattered in the sown furrows with the sowing quantity of 200 jin/mu, after sowing, the sown seeds are covered with 2cm of sterilized humus soil, then rice straws with the thickness of 4cm are covered on the surface of the bed, watering is carried out to moisten the seedbed, and drainage ditches are reserved at intervals of 1.5 meters; when the depth of root pricking of the pepper roots in the soil reaches 10cm and the height of emergence of seedlings reaches more than 15cm, harvesting, wherein the ground height is kept to be 5cm and 3 blades are required to be kept, and the harvested seedlings are used for covering the soil near the roots of paeonia ostii peony.

S4: and (3) seedling management, namely immediately uncovering a covering material after the seedlings emerge, spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate every 15 days, frequently applying thin fertilizer, strengthening pest and disease damage, and timely weeding management and protection measures to finish the seedling cultivation process of paeonia ostii, wherein the seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 10-15 cm.

Example three:

a nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions comprises the following steps:

s1: preparing soil, preparing soil with depth of 35cm, raking twice, transplanting in compartments with length of 25m, width of 1.2m and height of 35cm, setting footpaths between beds, using decomposed animal manure or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and adding fertilizer at a ratio of 0.225kg/m²Spreading, and then using 50 percent mancozeb 0.15kg/m³0.1kg/m of 50 percent phoxim missible oil³0.12kg/m of 40 percent chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution³Spraying the soil surface, and uniformly preparing soil and ploughing;

s2: pretreating seeds, namely selecting seeds with the same size and specification, soaking and disinfecting the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 1 hour, then putting the disinfected seeds into warm water at 55 ℃ containing 0.2mg/ml gibberellin, soaking for 16 hours, then fishing out the seeds, changing water once within 2 hours during soaking, and finally putting the seeds into a room to be sowed;

s3: sowing, namely planting pepper from the bottom of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the year, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, the sowing density is 30 kg/mu, thinning is carried out when the seedling height reaches 4cm, and the seedling density is kept to be 0.3 ten thousand plants/mu; the pepper seeds need to be pretreated, and the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: putting seeds to be treated into water which is 2 times more than the seeds, stirring, standing for 30 minutes, removing floating blighted grains and impurities, putting the carefully selected seeds into a container, pouring 3% alkaline water or washing powder into the container, soaking for 24 hours, rubbing and washing by hands, removing the surface oil of the seeds, fishing out the seeds, stirring and mixing the seeds by loess according to the proportion of 1:1, spreading the seeds in a cool and dry place, and waiting for sowing;

sowing paeonia ostii seeds in furrows between every two rows of pepper at the bottom of 9 months in the current year to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, wherein the furrow depth is 5cm, after furrowing, the seeds are scattered in the sown furrows with the sowing quantity of 250 jin/mu, after sowing, the sown seeds are covered with 2cm of sterilized humus soil, then rice straws with the thickness of 4cm are covered on the surface of the bed, watering is carried out to moisten the seedbed, and drainage ditches are reserved at intervals of 1.5 meters; when the root of the pepper is pricked into the soil to a depth of 15cm and the height of the emergence of seedlings reaches more than 20cm, harvesting, wherein the ground height is kept to be 8cm and 3 blades are required to be kept during harvesting, and the harvested seedlings are used for covering the soil near the roots of paeonia ostii peony; harvesting every four months, wherein the ground height is kept to be 8cm and 3 blades are required to be kept.

S4: and (3) seedling management, namely immediately uncovering a covering material after the seedlings emerge, spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate every 15 days, frequently applying thin fertilizer, strengthening pest and disease damage, and timely weeding management and protection measures to finish the seedling cultivation process of paeonia ostii, wherein the seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 15 cm.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (1)

1. A nursery stock cultivation method of Paeonia ostii in Guizhou karst regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1: preparing soil, preparing soil with depth of 25-35 cm, plowing and harrowing twice, then transplanting in compartments with length of 15-25 m, width of 1-1.2 m and height of 25-35 cm, arranging footpaths between beds, using rotten animal manure or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer, and preparing soil with depth of 0.2-0.3 kg/m²Spreading, and then 0.13-0.15 kg/m of 50% mancozeb³0.08-0.1 kg/m of 50% phoxim missible oil³0.1-0.13 kg/m of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate³Spraying the soil surface, and uniformly preparing soil and ploughing;

s2: pretreating paeonia ostii peony seeds, selecting seeds with the same size and specification, soaking and disinfecting the seeds in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 0.5-1 hour, then placing the disinfected seeds into warm water containing 0.2mg/ml gibberellin at the temperature of 40-55 ℃ for soaking for 10-16 hours, taking out the seeds, changing water once within 2 hours during soaking, and finally placing the seeds into a room for sowing;

s3: sowing, pretreating pepper seeds, putting the seeds to be treated into water which is 1-2 times more than the seeds, stirring, standing for 20-30 minutes, removing floating blighted grains and impurities, putting the carefully selected seeds into a container, pouring 2-3% of alkaline solution or washing powder into the water, soaking for 10-24 hours, rubbing and washing by hands to remove oil on the surfaces of the seeds, fishing out the seeds, stirring and mixing the seeds by using loess according to the proportion of 1:1, spreading the seeds in a cool and dry place, and waiting to be sowed;

planting Chinese prickly ash from the end of 3 months to the beginning of 4 months in the year, wherein the row spacing is 30-40 cm, the seeding density is 20-30 kilograms/mu, thinning is carried out when the seedling height reaches 3-4 cm, and the seedling density is kept to be 0.2-0.3 ten thousand plants/mu;

sowing paeonia ostii seeds in furrows between every two rows of pepper at the bottom of 9 months in the current year to the bottom of 1 month in the next year, wherein the furrow depth is 4-5 cm, after furrowing, the seeds are scattered in the sown furrows with the sowing amount of 150-250 jin/mu, after sowing, sterilized humus soil is covered for 1-2 cm, then straw with the thickness of 3-4 cm is covered on the surface of the bed, watering is carried out to moisten the seedbed, and drainage ditches are reserved at intervals of 1-1.5 m;

harvesting when the root of the pepper is pricked in the soil to a depth of 10-15 cm and the height of emergence of seedlings reaches above 15-20 cm, keeping the ground height to be 5-8 cm and 2-3 leaves, and covering the harvested seedlings on the soil near the roots of paeonia ostii peony;

s4: and (3) seedling management, namely immediately uncovering a covering material after the seedlings emerge, spraying 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate every 10-15 days, frequently applying a thin fertilizer, strengthening the pest and disease damage, and timely weeding management and protection measures to finish the seedling cultivation process of paeonia ostii, wherein the seedling height of annual seedlings can reach 10-15 cm.