CN107114183B - A kind of soil management method improving winter-jujube fruit quality - Google Patents
A kind of soil management method improving winter-jujube fruit quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN107114183B CN107114183B CN201710303996.7A CN201710303996A CN107114183B CN 107114183 B CN107114183 B CN 107114183B CN 201710303996 A CN201710303996 A CN 201710303996A CN 107114183 B CN107114183 B CN 107114183B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil management methods for improving winter-jujube fruit quality, this method is by formulating winter jujube young fruit period nutrient diagnosis standard for instructing fruit expanding period topdressing method, and autumn Fertilization &. Deep Ploughing and the displacement of soil upper and lower level, orchard ground cover, yield control etc. integrate soil management method to improve winter-jujube fruit quality.The present invention can significantly improve the fruit quality of winter jujube, and then significantly promote economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop planting technical fields, in particular it relates to a kind of raising winter jujube (Ziziphus
Jujuba cv.Dongzao) fruit quality soil management method.
Background technique
Winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba cv.Dongzao) belongs to Rhamnaceae zizyphus, is that one of stingless jujube tree is late-maturing fresh
Eat excellent variety.It is distributed in the ground such as Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi.Winter jujube contains 19 kinds of amino acid and lot of trace needed by human
Element, VCContent is 140 times of pears, 70 times of apple, is known as " kings of all kinds of fruits ".
Such as, Zhanhua winter jujube is the excellent winter jujube kind of East China, the winter jujube product of the area of Binzhou City, Shandong Province Zhanhua at present cultivation
Kind is with " being stained with the winter No. 1 " and " being stained with the winter No. 2 " for Typical Representative, and because of its crispy in taste, thin skin succulence, sugariness is high and likes by consumer
Vigorously.Cradle of Shandong Binzhou Zhanhua area as winter jujube is still the maximum counties and districts of winter jujube cultivated area at present；National winter jujube plantation
Area is about 1,000,000 mu (calculating by seeking unity of talking), wherein cultivated area practical land occupation in Zhanhua area is known as up to 240,000 mu
" township of Chinese winter jujube ".300,000 people of the Zhanhua whole district is engaged in winter jujube industry production and operation, and 200,000 people depend on for existence, and winter jujube industry is
Pillar industry as this area.
Zhanhua area winter jujube planting time is longest to be had reached more than 20 years, however, with the extension of winter jujube planting time,
It excessively devotes exclusive attention to output and unreasonable soil application management measure, many jujube garden soil is caused to start apparent land capacity degeneration occur
Phenomenon, so that yield of winter jujubes and quality are decreased obviously, the gap of the unit area economic well-being of workers and staff of different jujube gardens can
Up to 3-8 times.Wherein, extensive fertilization mode is outstanding problem present in jujube garden soil management, is not being sought to jujube tree
Under the premise of supporting diagnosis, fertilization type and determination of amount lack specific aim, thus the long-term maintenance of soil fertility becomes the winter
Technical problem in jujube garden management.
Under conditions of guaranteeing the certain yield in winter jujube garden, improve winter jujube nutrition, mouthfeel, fruit type, in terms of product
Matter index is the main target of Zhanhua winter jujube Orchard Soil management from now on, in addition to the daily managements such as pruning, band girdle, pest management are arranged
Outside applying, the soil management method for how improving Zhanhua area winter jujube garden just becomes the key point for improving winter jujube quality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of raising winter jujube (Ziziphus jujuba cv.Dongzao) fruit qualities
Soil management method, this method is suitable for the slight salinization of soil area in the Huanghe delta, and can significantly improve winter jujube quality.
In order to achieve the above objectives, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of soil management method being remarkably improved winter-jujube fruit quality, the soil management method mainly include as follows
Step:
(1) formulation of winter jujube nutrient diagnosis standard
Stable yield is selected in Shandong Province, Zhanhua area, Accessories during Binzhou, and the winter jujube items index of quality is (single fruit weight, edible rate, solvable
Property solid content, Vitamin C content, total reducing sugar, titrable acidity etc.) more excellent two, winter jujube garden, as nutrient diagnosis mark
The sampling object that quasi- value is formulated, the winter jujube age of tree is life in 13 years.The winter is carried out at the beginning of the late July to August of annual winter jujube young fruit period
The sampling of jujube nutrition branches and leaves, amounts to sampling 2 years, and comprehensive 2 years sampling and measuring data are used to formulate the nutrition of winter jujube young fruit period
Diagnostic criteria.The soil management and fertilizing method that young fruit period nutrient diagnosis standard is used to instruct to determine fruit expanding period winter jujube garden.
20 plants of jujube tree grown fine are selected in each winter jujube garden every year, every plant takes the mature and normal nutrition branch of growth
Blade, separately sampled in the direction of tree crown middle and upper part all directions 4, every plant of all sampling blade is used as one after respectively mixing
Sample.Testing index includes leaf nitrogen and phosphorus, Determination of Potassium；Wherein, the full phosphorus of blade is disappeared using nitric acid-perchloric acid with full potassium and is boiled
Afterwards, it is measured respectively using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry light method, leaf total nitrogen is measured using elemental analyzer method.Institute
The nutrient diagnosis standard of formulation is as shown in table 1 below.According to X ± 2/3S.D. and X ± 4/3S.D., (X is the average value of constituent content；
S.D. standard deviation) respectively as the shortage of nutrient, low value, standard value, high level, excessive range.
1 winter jujube young fruit period nutrition branch Optimum range diagnostic criteria value (g/kg) of table
| Element (unit) | Lack | Low value | Standard value | High level | It is excessive |
| Nitrogen (g/kg) | <29.73 | 29.73-32.10 | 32.10-36.90 | 36.90-39.30 | >39.3 |
| Phosphorus (g/kg) | <1.23 | 1.23-1.46 | 1.46-1.93 | 1.93-2.16 | >2.16 |
| Potassium (g/kg) | <22.08 | 22.08-24.62 | 24.62-29.68 | 29.68-33.28 | >33.28 |
(2) autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
In the period, the soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing in winter jujube garden are carried out to before falling leaves after selecting autumn picking fruit.In
Winter jujube garden is in the ranks or between strain, and selection is ditched at fruit tree distance 55-75cm ploughs deeply, and according to Root Distribution appropriate adjustment this
Distance；The width of ditch is 45cm-80cm, depth 35cm-60cm, carries out soil deep tillage；Soil is averaged according to ditching depth
It is divided into upper layer and lower layer, every layer as a part of two sides for being individually positioned in ditch；Topsoil first returns after mixing with autumn basal dressing
Dressing furrow bottom is filled out, subsoil finally backfills again.
Autumn basal dressing includes organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer etc., applying fertilizer dosage
For -3.5 tons/mu of 1.4 ton/mu, wherein organic fertilizer is decomposed muck or finished product organic fertilizer, for example decomposed muck, and amount of application is
Then amount of application is-2.5 tons/mu of 1.4 ton/mu for 2.0-3.5 tons/mu of tons/mu, for example finished product organic fertilizer；Autumn basal dressing further includes nitrogen
Phosphorus potassium complex fertilizer (nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%), amount of application are 40kg/ mus -60kg/ mus, or are folding
Nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium single element fertilizer for closing equivalent constituent content are applied respectively；The secondary and micro-element fertilizers amount of application of autumn basal dressing is
30kg/ mus -50kg/ mus, middle trace element fertilizer includes the microelements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper, molybdenum；It is micro- in autumn basal dressing
Bio-bacterial manure amount of application is 200kg/ mus -300kg/ mus.
Autumn basal dressing is based in the ranks applying fertilizer, after the 2-3 that in the ranks applies fertilizer, according to the width of trench digging and length reference between strain
Above-mentioned dose in the ranks selects one or more fertilizer to carry out autumn basal dressing, to guarantee that the equilibrium of tree body root system in all directions is raw
It is long.
(3) young fruit period top dressing
Growing season by the end of June to 1 top dressing at the beginning of August, is carried out, top dressing includes that two methods are applied in foliage-spray and root punching,
Young fruit period top dressing mainly includes the soil application of macroelement fertilizer, root punching fertilising or fertilizer for spraying on leaf surface.By every plant of winter jujube tree
The dose of calculating includes: 0.1kg/ plants -0.2kg/ plants of urea, and 0.1kg/ plants -0.2kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), potassium sulfate 0.1kg/
- 0.2kg/ plants of strain is applied fertilizer using multiple spot perforated method.Either the full element of the suitable dosage of each element of conversion rushes fertilising.In conjunction with
Above-mentioned soil application, 0.3% urea of young fruit period foliage-spray and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor 2-3 times.
(4) young fruit period Foliar nutrient diagnosis
The sampling and measuring that nutrition branch blade is carried out at the beginning of the late July to August of winter jujube young fruit period, selects length in winter jujube garden
20 plants of the good jujube tree of gesture, every plant takes the mature and normal nutrition branch blade of growth, in the direction of tree crown middle and upper part all directions 4
It is separately sampled, a sample is used as after every plant of all sampling blade mixing.Measure the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content of each sample.Measurement
As a result it is compared and analyzed with the nutrient diagnosis standard value in table 1, determines that tree body whether there is the situation of nutrient dificiency, and be used for
Instruct the After fertilizer and dosage of current growth last month of winter date fruit expanding stage.
(5) the fruit expanding period top dressing based on young fruit period nutrient diagnosis result
The fruit expanding period of mid-August to mid-September carries out 1 top dressing, and topdressing amount is according to young fruit period Foliar nutrient diagnosis
As a result it determines.Fruit expanding period top dressing is mainly the soil application of macroelement fertilizer, root punching is applied or foliage-spray.
Above-mentioned fruit is adjusted according to the nutrient diagnosis standard value in current year young fruit period Leaf nutrient contents measurement result contrast table 1
The specific amount of application of real expanding stage top dressing respectively corresponds adjustment when nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium element are in " shortage " or " low value " range
The dosage of urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and potassium sulfate, the specific dosage that adjusts is as shown in table 2, i.e., current year leaf nitrogen content, which is in, lacks
When weary, low value, standard value, high level, excess, the urea of corresponding amount is applied respectively；Contained according to blade phosphorus element content and potassium element
The measurement result of amount then selects corresponding Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and the dosage of potassium sulfate in table 2 respectively.
Shown by top dressing experimental study by recommended fertilizer shown in table 2, it can be on the basis for guaranteeing yield of winter jujubes
On, hence it is evident that improve the quality of winter jujube.When young fruit period Leaf nitrogen concentration is in deficiency state, applied in fruit expanding period adjustment urea
Dosage is 0.3kg/ plants；When young fruit period Leaf N is within the scope of low value, recommendering folder stage urea amount of application is 0.20kg/
- 0.30kg/ plants of strain；When young fruit period Leaf N is in standard value range, recommendering folder stage urea amount of application is 0.20kg/
Strain.Equally, the recommended fertilizer of fruit expanding period phosphorus element or potassium presses Diammonium phosphate (DAP) listed by table 2 and the corresponding application of potassium sulfate respectively
Amount is applied fertilizer.
2 winter-jujube fruit expanding stage soil topdressing scale (kg/ plants) of table
| Element (unit) | Lack | Low value | Standard value | High level | It is excessive |
| Urea (kg/ plants) | 0.30 | 0.20-0.30 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 |
| Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (kg/ plants) | 0.20 | 0.15-0.20 | 0.15 | 0.10-0.15 | 0.10 |
| Potassium sulfate (kg/ plants) | 0.30 | 0.25-0.30 | 0.25 | 0.20-0.25 | 0.20 |
Meanwhile according to young fruit period nutrient diagnosis as a result, the nutrition supplying for improving tree body using foliage dressing method can be assisted
It answers.Through experimental study, foliage applying urea and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of applying fertilizer, the effect for improving fruit quality can be played.Fertilising is real
It tests studies have shown that can be supplemented in fruit expanding period when young fruit period diagnosis shows that nitrogen is in deficiency state and carry out 0.3% urine
Plain foliage dressing 2-3 times；When nitrogen is in low value range, recommend 0.3% urea of foliage applying 1-2 times；When nitrogen is in mark
When quasi- value range, recommend application 0.3% urea of foliage applying 1 time；When nitrogen is at a high value or when excessive range, recommend fruit swollen
The big phase applies fertilizer without blade face nitrogen.
3 winter-jujube fruit expanding stage N element foliage dressing frequency table of table
| Element (concentration) | Lack | Low value | Standard value | High level | It is excessive |
| 0.3% urea | 2-3 times | 1-2 times | 1 time | 0 | 0 |
Note: spraying interval is 14 days.
When young fruit period nutrient diagnosis shows that one of nutrition branch blade P or K element are in deficiency state, foliage-spray
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-3 times；When one of young fruit period trophophyll P or K element content are low value, 0.3% phosphoric acid of foliage-spray
Potassium dihydrogen 1-2 times；When young fruit period nutrition branches and leaves P or K element content are in standard value range or higher content, foliage-spray
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time.
4 winter-jujube fruit expanding stage phosphorus of table, potassium foliage dressing frequency table
Note: spraying interval is 14 days or so.
(5) orchard ground cover technology
Jujube garden soil management method further includes orchard ground cover technology, and orchard ground cover uses natural grass and two kinds of Planting Grass
Mode, natural grass and Planting Grass are to retain the grass that width is 60cm-100cm wide at line space jujube tree 55cm-70cm
Band.The natural grass, which refers to, retains the jujube garden sward skill of the Activities of Some Plants individual of local primary herbaceous community in spring
Art is suitble to retain in nature weeds the short weeds that individual is small, height is low, mainly includes herba setariae viridis (Setaria viridis
(Linn.) Beauv.), Chinese herbaceous peony (Plantago asiatica Linn.), dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum
Hand.-Mazz.), herba digitariae (Digitaria sanguinalis (Linn.) Scop.), shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-
Pastoris (Linn.) Medic.), purslane (Portulaca oleracea Linn.) etc., remove oak-leaved goosefeet
The tall and big weeds such as (Chenopodium album Linn.), wormwood artemisia class (Artemisia spp.).Artificial growth herbage includes
Rye grass (Lolium perenne Linn.), annual bluegrass (Poa annua Linn.), Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus
Sinicus Linn.) etc. the suitable herbage locally grown.When natural grass or Planting Grass, Growing season monthly carry out 2-3 times it is miscellaneous
Grass removing, 2-5 weeds of annual progress or herbage cradle.After sward 4-5, weeds or herbage band are ploughed deeply, are lain fallow
Sward is carried out after 1-3 again, straw cord soil fertility can also be improved by application of organic fertilizers.It can be very good to protect by sward technology
Soil moisture is held, is increase soil fertility, is conducive to natural enemy and multiplies, reduce soil erosion, improve jujube garden ecological environment.
(6) yield controls
For the fruit quality for guaranteeing Zhanhua winter jujube, do not surpassed by the technical controllings winter jujube such as flower and fruit thinning garden yield per unit area
900kg/ mus are crossed, in order to avoid influence fruit quality.
The present invention is mainly adapted to for the slight salinization of soil area in the Huanghe delta, such as Shandong Province, Zhanhua area, Accessories during Binzhou.This
It invents the soil management and fertilizing method is suitable for adult jujube tree of the jujube garden age of tree more than life in 11 years.
The winter jujube in Zhanhua is slight salinization of soil area is mostly cultivated for years, and cultivation not only results under soil fertility year after year
Drop, salination aggravate, a system such as soil hardening example problem, so that the yield and quality of winter jujube is decreased obviously.The present invention
Reach preservation of fertility by comprehensive utilization soil deep tillage, the rational application of fertilizer and orchard ground cover technology, improve soil physics
Structure, the saliferous purpose of mitigation increase substantially the unit area in winter jujube garden to be obviously improved the quality of winter-jujube fruit
Economic benefit.
The present invention uses above-mentioned soil management method, passes through diagnosis nutrient and fertilization, soil deep tillage, jujube garden sward and yield
The integrated management approach such as control, can significantly improve winter-jujube fruit quality, and mention to greatest extent on the basis of guaranteeing yield
Rise the economic benefit of jujube garden.Soil management method of the present invention total 35 is promoted and applied in the Accessories during Binzhou Zhanhua area town Feng Jia, the town Xia Wa
Mu, in guarantor unit's area output, i.e. under the premise of about per acre 900kg, is obviously improved the index of quality of winter-jujube fruit.
The present invention solves Root Distribution according to the interactive relation between winter jujube tree Root Distribution and root layer Nutrient Absorption, emphasis
One is provided in conjunction with the soil physico-chemical characteristic in the slight salinization of soil area in the Huanghe delta with the space dystopy problem of nutrient supply
The winter of the comprehensive soil deep tillage of kind, autumn basal dressing, the top dressing technique based on nutrient diagnosis and orchard ground cover technology etc. technology
Jujube garden soil management method can significantly improve the fruit quality and jujube of winter jujube on the basis of guaranteeing yield by this method
The whole economic efficiency in garden.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: the Zhanhua area town Feng Jia
The Zhanhua area town Feng Jia select the age of tree 13 years raw typical jujube gardens, using soil management method of the present invention into
The soil management in row winter jujube garden, specific management technology method and as follows to winter-jujube fruit qualitative effects:
1. autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
In the Zhanhua winter jujube core region town Feng Jia, 13 years raw jujube gardens of the age of tree are selected, are selected apart from fruit tree 60cm in the ranks
Trench digging is ploughed deeply, and trench digging width is 50cm, and the soil of depth 50cm, surface layer 0-25cm are placed in the left side of ditch, and bottom 25-
50cm soil is placed in the right side of ditch.Fertilizer and 0-25cm soil after mixing, are first backfilled to the bottom of ditch, then by lower layer
25-50cm soil finally backfills.Autumn basal dressing fertilizer type and amount of application are as follows: decomposed 3.0 ton/mu of muck, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer
(nitrogen 15%, phosphorus 15%, potassium 15%) amount of application is 50kg/ mus, middle trace element fertilizer 40kg/ mus and microbial-bacterial fertilizer
200kg/ mus.After in the ranks applying fertilizer 2 years, according to trench digging length and depth between strain, supplement fertilising is carried out with reference to above-mentioned dose,
To guarantee the uniform growth of root system in all directions.
2. young fruit period top dressing
It carries out 1 top dressing on the July of Growing season 8, includes: urea 0.15kg, phosphorus by the dose that every plant of winter jujube tree calculates
Sour diammonium 0.15kg, potassium sulfate 0.18kg, using multiple spot perforated method top dressing.In conjunction with above-mentioned soil application, young fruit period foliage-spray
0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor 2 times.
3. young fruit period nutrient diagnosis and fruit expanding period top dressing
The measurement of nutrition branch Leaf nutrient contents, Leaf nutrient contents measurement result are carried out in samplings in August 5th of Growing season
Are as follows: nutrition branches and leaves N content is 30.59g/kg, P content 1.52g/kg, K content is 23.76g/kg, compares nutrient diagnosis standard
Value, N, P, K content are respectively " low value ", " standard value ", " low value ".According to diagnostic result, the fruit expanding period dose of recommendation
For 0.25kg/ plants of urea, 0.15kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 0.28kg/ plants of potassium sulfate；Meanwhile cooperating 0.3% urea 2 of foliage dressing
It is secondary, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times.
4. orchard ground cover technology
Jujube garden soil management method further includes natural grass technology, in the ranks retains oneself of 80cm wide in jujube garden since spring
Right straw cord.Retain the short weeds such as herba setariae viridis, Chinese herbaceous peony, dandelion, shepherd's purse, purslane, removes the tall and big weeds such as oak-leaved goosefeet, wormwood artemisia class.
5. jujube garden yield and fruit quality measurement
While carrying out jujube garden determination of yield, 60 medium sized jujube fruits are randomly selected on the different fruit trees in jujube garden
Carry out the measurement of fruit quality index.The result shows that jujube garden yield is 859kg/ mus, mean fruit weight 13.47g, Vc content
For 301.50mg/100g, total sugar content 19.82%, titrable acidity 0.26%, soluble solid 27.00%.And
Common soil management method is used with adjacent jujube garden similar in the year age of tree, jujube garden yield is 909kg/ mus, mean fruit weight
For 11.33g, Vc content is 278.91mg/100g, and total sugar content 16.68%, titrable acidity 0.28%, solubility is admittedly
Shape object is 22.50%.Variance analysis shows the winter jujube of two kinds of jujube garden soil management methods in Vc content, total sugar content, solubility
There is significant difference (α=0.05) in terms of solid content.From the point of view of fruit quality index, using soil management side of the present invention
The winter-jujube fruit quality of method has significant raising relative to the winter jujube of normal soil management method.
Embodiment 2: the Zhanhua County town Xia Wa
The Zhanhua area town Xia Wa select the age of tree 16 years raw typical jujube gardens, using soil management method of the present invention into
The soil management in row winter jujube garden, specific management technology method and as follows to winter-jujube fruit qualitative effects:
1. autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
The jujube garden of selection age of tree 16 years raw left and right, selects the trench digging in the ranks apart from fruit tree 70cm to plough deeply, the width of ditch is
The soil of surface layer 0-20cm is placed in the left side of ditch by 55cm, depth 40cm, and lower layer's 20-40cm soil is placed in ditch
Right side.Fertilizer and surface layer 0-20cm soil after mixing, are first backfilled to the bottom of ditch, then lower layer's 20-40cm soil is last
Backfill.The fertilizer type and amount of application of autumn basal dressing are as follows: 2.0 ton/mu of finished product organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (nitrogen 15%, phosphorus
15%, potassium 15%) amount of application is 40kg/ mus, middle trace element fertilizer 45kg/ mus and 230kg/ mus of microbial-bacterial fertilizer.In the ranks apply
Fertilizer, according to trench digging length and depth between strain, carried out supplement fertilising with reference to above-mentioned dose, to guarantee all directions after 2 years
The uniform growth of upper root system.
2. young fruit period top dressing
It carries out 1 top dressing on the June of Growing season 30, includes: urea 0.20kg by the dose that every plant of winter jujube tree calculates,
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 0.20kg, potassium sulfate 0.20kg, using multiple spot perforated method top dressing.In conjunction with above-mentioned soil application, the spray of young fruit period blade face
Apply 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor 3 times.
3. young fruit period nutrient diagnosis and fruit expanding period top dressing
In progress on July 30 nutrition branch blade sampling and measuring, Leaf nutrient contents measurement result are as follows: nutrition branches and leaves N content
It is 21.95g/kg for 29.56g/kg, P content 1.28g/kg, K content, compares nutrient diagnosis standard value, N, P, K content difference
For " shortage ", " low value ", " shortage ".According to diagnostic result, the fruit expanding period dose of recommendation is urea 0.30kg/ plants, phosphorus
Sour diammonium 0.20kg/ plants, 0.30kg/ plants of potassium sulfate；Meanwhile cooperation 0.3% urea of foliage dressing 3 times, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate
3 times.
4. orchard ground cover technology
Jujube garden soil management method further includes orchard ground cover technology, and using the method for Planting Grass, Planting Grass is in jujube garden
The straw cord of 70cm wide is in the ranks planted, cultivation type is rye grass.
5. jujube garden yield and fruit quality measurement
While carrying out jujube garden determination of yield, 60 medium sized jujube fruits are randomly selected on the different fruit trees in jujube garden
Carry out the measurement of fruit quality index.The result shows that jujube garden yield is 892kg/ mus, mean fruit weight 13.95g, Vc content
For 291.45mg/100g, total sugar content 18.53%, titrable acidity 0.22%, soluble solid 26.50%.And
Common soil management method is used with adjacent jujube garden similar in the year age of tree, jujube garden yield is 979kg/ mus, mean fruit weight
For 12.43g, Vc content is 252.74mg/100g, and total sugar content 15.61%, titrable acidity 0.25%, solubility is admittedly
Shape object is 25.00%.Variance analysis shows the winter jujube of two kinds of jujube garden soil management methods in Vc content, total sugar content, solubility
There is significant difference (α=0.05) in terms of solid content.From the point of view of fruit quality index, using soil management side of the present invention
The winter-jujube fruit quality of method has significant raising relative to the winter jujube of normal soil management method.
Influence of the different soils management method to fruit quality
Measurement is sampled to different jujube garden fruit samples according at the beginning of 10 months 2015, selects normal soil management method
The commodity winter-jujube fruit of two jujube gardens 60, and the commodity winter-jujube fruit of two jujube gardens using soil management method of the present invention
60, fruit Vc content, total sugar content, titrable acidity, soluble solid and single fruit weight, measurement result are measured respectively and is existed
(table 5) is compared and analyzed using variance analysis in the level of α=0.05.Above-mentioned normal soil management method refers to that winter jujube garden does not have
The comprehensive soil management method such as applied nutrition diagnosis, quantitative fertilization, soil deep tillage and soil-layer displacement, orchard ground cover, and only with
The soil management method of traditional extensive style soil application technology.
Influence of the soil management method of the present invention of table 5 to fruit quality
Measurement result as shown in table 5 shows using normal soil fertilizing management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit Vc content range
In 243.46-299.52mg100g-1, and use the jujube garden winter-jujube fruit Vc content range of soil management method of the present invention
In 267.65-304.76mg100g-1, variance analysis shows (table 6), there is significant difference (α=0.05) between the two.
6 two kinds of jujube garden soil management side fruit Vc content one-way analysis of variance tables of table
Measurement result as shown in table 5 shows using normal soil fertilizing management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit total sugar content model
It is trapped among 13.94-19.25%, and the jujube garden winter-jujube fruit total sugar content range of soil management method of the present invention is used to exist
15.73-22.49%, variance analysis show (table 7), there is significant difference (α=0.05) between the two.
7 two kinds of jujube garden soil management method winter-jujube fruit total sugar content one-way analysis of variance tables of table
| Difference source | SS | df | MS | F | F crit |
| Between group | 120 | 1 | 120 | 37.56* | 3.92 |
| In group | 376.96 | 118 | 3.19 | ||
| It amounts to | 496.96 | 119 |
Measurement result as shown in table 5 shows using normal soil fertilizing management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit titrable acidity
Range is existed in 0.23-0.31% using soil management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit titrable acidity range of the present invention
0.20-0.27%, variance analysis show (table 8), and significant difference (α=0.05) is not present between the two.
8 two kinds of jujube garden soil management method winter-jujube fruit titrable acidity one-way analysis of variance tables of table
| Difference source | SS | df | MS | F | F crit |
| Between group | 0.003 | 1 | 0.003 | 2.47 | 3.92 |
| In group | 0.143 | 118 | 0.0012 | ||
| It amounts to | 0.146 | 119 |
Measurement result as shown in table 5 shows using normal soil fertilizing management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit solubility solid
Object range uses soil management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit soluble solid model of the present invention in 21.50-27.50%
It is trapped among 24.50-31.00%, variance analysis shows (table 9), there is significant difference (α=0.05) between the two.
9 two kinds of jujube garden soil management method winter-jujube fruit soluble solid one-way analysis of variance tables of table
| Difference source | SS | df | MS | F | F crit |
| Between group | 120 | 1 | 120 | 29.82* | 3.92 |
| In group | 474.8 | 118 | 4.023 | ||
| It amounts to | 594.8 | 119 |
Measurement result as shown in table 5 shows using normal soil fertilizing management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit single fruit weight range
In 10.92-13.26g, and use soil management method jujube garden winter-jujube fruit single fruit weight range of the present invention in 11.35-
14.04g, variance analysis show (table 10), and significant difference (α=0.05) is not present between the two.
10 two kinds of jujube garden soil management method winter-jujube fruit single fruit weight one-way analysis of variance tables of table
| Difference source | SS | df | MS | F | F crit |
| Between group | 2.70 | 1 | 2.7 | 3.32 | 3.92 |
| In group | 95.82 | 118 | 0.81 | ||
| It amounts to | 98.52 | 119 |
Above-mentioned variance analysis shows that the winter jujube of two kinds of jujube garden soil management methods is solid in Vc content, total sugar content, solubility
There is significant difference (α=0.05) in shape object space face.From the point of view of fruit quality index, using soil management method of the present invention
Winter-jujube fruit quality have significant raising relative to the winter jujube of normal soil management method.
It should be noted last that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although ginseng
It is described the invention in detail according to embodiment, it will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the art that technical side of the invention
Case is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departure from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of soil management method for improving winter-jujube fruit quality, the soil management method include the following steps:
1) the winter jujube young fruit period nutrient diagnosis standard for instructing fertilising is formulated
Select fruit quality is excellent, it is more than life in stable yield 11 years at age tree jujube garden, continuous 2 years in late July to August
Just acquisition nutrition branch blade formulates nutrient diagnosis standard, according to the diagnostic criteria that formulation is measured by sampling are as follows:
N element shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excessive content range are respectively < 29.73g/kg, 29.73g/kg-
32.10g/kg,32.10g/kg-36.90g/kg,36.90g/kg-39.30g/kg,>39.3g/kg；
P element shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excessive content range be respectively < 1.23g/kg, 1.23-1.46g/kg,
1.46g/kg-1.93g/kg,1.93g/kg-2.16g/kg,>2.16g/kg；
K element shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excessive content range are respectively < 22.08g/kg, 22.08g/kg-
24.62g/kg,24.62g/kg-29.68g/kg,29.68g/kg-33.28g/kg,>33.28g/kg；
Above-mentioned winter jujube young fruit period nutrient diagnosis standard is used for the topdressing method for instructing to determine winter-jujube fruit expanding stage；
2) autumn soil deep tillage and autumn basal dressing
It in the period, in winter jujube garden in the ranks or between strain, is selected to before falling leaves apart from fruit tree 55cm- after selecting the picking of autumn winter jujube
Trench digging is ploughed deeply at 75cm；The width of ditch is 45cm-80cm, depth 35cm-60cm, carries out soil deep tillage；According to ditching depth
Soil is equally divided into upper layer and lower layer, places the two sides of ditch respectively；Topsoil is first backfilling into after mixing with autumn basal dressing and applies
The bottom Fei Gou, subsoil finally backfill again；
Autumn basal dressing includes organic fertilizer, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, middle trace element fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer；
Wherein, the amount of application of organic fertilizer be -3.5 tons/mu of 1.4 ton/mu, organic fertilizer be decomposed muck or finished product organic fertilizer, for example
Decomposed muck, amount of application are -3.5 tons/mu of 2.0 ton/mu；For example finished product organic fertilizer, then amount of application be -2.5 tons of 1.4 ton/mu/
Mu；
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer amount of application that nitrogenous, phosphorus, potassium are respectively 15% is 40kg/ mus -60kg/ mus；
Include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, boron, copper, middle trace element fertilizer 30kg/ mus -50kg/ mus of molybdenum microelement；
Microbial-bacterial fertilizer amount of application is 200kg/ mus -300kg/ mus；
Fertilizing in autumn is based in the ranks applying fertilizer, after the 2-3 that in the ranks applies fertilizer, according to the width of trench digging and length according to above-mentioned between strain
Dose selects one or more fertilizer to carry out autumn basal dressing, to guarantee the uniform growth of tree body root system in all directions；
3) young fruit period top dressing
Growing season by the end of June to 1 top dressing at the beginning of August, is carried out, top dressing includes two methods of foliage-spray and root fertilising；
It include: 0.1kg/ plants -0.2kg/ plants of urea by the dose that every plant of winter jujube tree calculates, 0.1kg/ plants of Diammonium phosphate (DAP) -
0.2kg/ plants, 0.1kg/ plants -0.2kg/ plants of potassium sulfate, root soil fertilising is carried out using multiple spot perforated method；Either application is changed
The full element punching fertilising of the suitable dosage of each element of calculation carries out root punching and applies；
4) based on the fruit expanding period top dressing of young fruit period nutrient diagnosis
At the beginning of winter jujube young fruit period late July to August in winter jujube garden carry out nutrition branches and leaves grab sample measurement, measurement result with
Nutrient diagnosis standard in step 1) compares, for instruct determine current growth season fruit expanding period top dressing dosage and
Method；
The fruit expanding period of August first arrival mid-September carries out 1 top dressing, and topdressing amount is according to the Foliar nutrient diagnosis of winter jujube young fruit period
As a result it determines, fertilising carries out root top dressing using multiple spot perforated method, or the full element punching of the suitable dosage of each element to convert
Fertilising；
When young fruit period nutrient diagnosis blade N content is in shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excess, corresponding fertilization recommendation
Amount is respectively that root applies urea 0.30kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants -0.30kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants, 0kg/ plants, 0kg/ plants；
When young fruit period nutrient diagnosis blade P content is in shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excess, corresponding fertilization recommendation
Amount be respectively 0.20kg/ plants of root application of phosphoric acid diammonium, 0.15kg/ plants -0.20kg/ plants, 0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants -
0.15kg/ plants, 0.10kg/ plants；
When young fruit period nutrient diagnosis blade K content is in shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excess, corresponding fertilization recommendation
Amount be respectively root apply potassium sulfate 0.30kg/ plants, 0.25kg/ plants -0.30kg/ plants, 0.25kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants -
0.25kg/ plants, 0.20kg/ plants；
In addition, it is also necessary to carry out the foliage dressing of corresponding 0.3% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate；It is diagnosed according to young fruit period
When blade N content is in shortage, low value, standard value, high level, excess, the foliage dressing number of corresponding 0.3% urea is respectively
2-3 times, 1-2 times, 1 time, 0 time, 0 time；It is right according to young fruit period Foliar nutrient diagnosis as a result, when one of P or K content is to lack
The 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage dressing of carry out answered 2-3 times；And when one of P or K content is low value, it is corresponding to carry out 0.3%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliage dressing 1-2 times；And when P or K content is standard value or is higher, 0.3% di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate of corresponding progress
Hydrogen potassium foliage dressing 1 time；
5) yield controls
For the fruit quality for guaranteeing Zhanhua winter jujube, it is no more than by the yield per unit area that flower and fruit thinning technique controls jujube garden
900kg/ mus, in order to avoid influence fruit quality.
2. a kind of soil management method for improving winter-jujube fruit quality according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the soil
Earth management method further includes jujube garden sward technology；
Jujube garden sward technology uses natural grass and Planting Grass two ways, and natural grass and Planting Grass are in line space
Retain the straw cord that width is 60cm-100cm wide at jujube tree 55cm-70cm；Natural grass refers to that retaining primary draft in spring plants
The short weeds that individual is small in object group, height is low, remove tall and big weeds；Planting Grass refers to that plantation is suitble to what is locally grown to herd
Grass；
The weeds that Growing season monthly carries out 2-3 time to above-mentioned natural straw cord or Artificial grass band are removed, 2-5 weeds of annual progress or
Herbage cradles；After sward 4-5, weeds or herbage band are ploughed deeply, carry out natural grass or artificial after the 1-3 that lies fallow again
Kind grass.
3. a kind of soil management method for improving winter-jujube fruit quality according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described low
Short weeds include herba setariae viridis, Chinese herbaceous peony, dandelion, herba digitariae, shepherd's purse, purslane.
4. a kind of soil management method for improving winter-jujube fruit quality according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the height
Big weeds include oak-leaved goosefeet, wormwood artemisia class.
5. a kind of soil management method for improving winter-jujube fruit quality according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described to herd
Straw bag includes rye grass, annual bluegrass, Chinese milk vetch.
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