CN107104224A - 一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法 - Google Patents
一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- lithium
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- iron phosphate
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- lithium iron
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005955 Ferric phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940032958 ferric phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000399 iron(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].OP(O)([O-])=O SNKMVYBWZDHJHE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052493 LiFePO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 30
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910017677 NH4H2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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Abstract
本发明提供一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,以硝酸铁以及硝酸钴或/及硝酸镍引发聚合获得金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺,硝酸铁能够直接成为制备磷酸铁锂的原料,避免了使用传统(NH4)2S2O8引发聚合包覆时带来的过多过剩杂质;还使得磷酸铁锂与聚吡咯多个点线面相结合,形成一个交互联通的导电网络,更优地促使了电子传导与锂离子的传输扩散,有益于提高磷酸铁锂的倍率性能与循环性能。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法。
【背景技术】
磷酸铁锂能够可逆的嵌入和脱嵌锂离子,具有原材料来源丰富、比容量高、循环寿命长、安全无毒、环境友好等特点,并且还有较高的电位和较长的电压平台,被认为是新能源动力电池的理想正极材料。但是磷酸铁锂的电导率不高,锂离子扩散系数较低,导致磷酸铁锂的高倍率充放电性能不佳,这严重影响了磷酸铁锂电池在商业上的使用和推广。
聚吡咯、聚苯胺等导电聚合物是良好的导电剂材料,具备良好的导电性能、较好的锂离子传输性能、独特优异的交联网状结构,对改善电池容量发挥、高倍率充放电以及循环性能等具有重要的意义。然而,聚吡咯/聚苯胺在实际的生产运用中,多采用(NH4)2S2O8引发聚合从而简单包覆磷酸铁锂,由此带来的过多过剩杂质对正极材料的循环充放电带来不良副反应,从而影响了电芯的容量发挥,并缩短了电池使用寿命;另一方面,改性效果一般的聚吡咯/聚苯胺对于络合交联磷酸铁锂,对加强磷酸铁锂的导电效果所起的作用一般,没有充分协作发挥导电效果;此外,简单地包覆磷酸铁锂材料,由于磷酸铁锂粒径不一致,大小分布不均,导致正极材料导电效果不匀称,容易在多次循环以后导致局部失效。
鉴于此,实有必要提供一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法以克服以上缺陷。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的是提供一种磷酸铁锂正极材料的制备方法,能够改善聚吡咯/聚苯胺对磷酸铁锂交联络合程度,提高正极材料导电效率,进而对正极材料的容量发挥及大倍率充放电性能起到积极的意义。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体溶于去离子水配置溶液,向上述溶液中添加一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐,混合均匀后在室温下静置12-24h,然后进行旋蒸干燥获得前驱体;
2)将步骤1)获得的前驱体与锂源及磷源按照1:(1.35-1.65):(1.2-1.8)的摩尔比例混合研磨,然后在保护气氛下于300-400℃的温度范围内煅烧3-5h得到预烧产物;
3)将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,在保护气氛下于600-700℃的温度范围内煅烧10-15h。
在一个优选实施方式中,步骤1)中,将一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐加入吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体的水溶液中能够得到金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺,所述金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺的金属负载量为40-60%。
在一个优选实施方式中,步骤1)中,所述钴盐为硝酸钴;所述镍盐为硝酸镍。
在一个优选实施方式中,步骤2)中,所述锂源为氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、乙酸锂;所述磷源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢锂或磷酸铁。
在一个优选实施方式中,煅烧时采用氩气作为保护气氛。
本发明提供的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法中,通过使用硝酸铁以及硝酸钴或/及硝酸镍引发吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体聚合,硝酸铁能够直接成为制备磷酸铁锂的原料,避免了使用传统(NH4)2S2O8引发聚合包覆时带来的过多过剩杂质;并且金属离子掺杂形成的M-N4(M为金属离子)杂化大环对提高聚吡咯/聚苯胺的导电效果具有重要促进作用,同时聚吡咯原位交联磷酸铁锂不仅提高了电子在充放电过程中的传导速率,并且网络交联结构对Li+离子的插入脱嵌都起着传输作用,有利于提升正极材料的大倍率充放电流。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明提供的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法工艺流程图。
图2是实施例1获得的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂、与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂的SEM图。
图3是分别以图2所示的两种磷酸铁锂材料为正极制备的纽扣电池的循环性能测试结果。
【具体实施方式】
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和有益技术效果更加清晰明白,以下结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明,并不是为了限定本发明。
请参阅图1,本发明提供一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体溶于去离子水配置溶液,向上述溶液中添加一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐,混合均匀后在室温下静置12-24h,然后进行旋蒸干燥获得前驱体;
2)将步骤1)获得的前驱体与锂源及磷源按照1:(1.35-1.65):(1.2-1.8)的摩尔比例混合研磨,然后在保护气氛下于300-400℃的温度范围内煅烧3-5h得到预烧产物;
3)将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,在保护气氛下于600-700℃的温度范围内煅烧10-15h。
具体的,步骤1)中,将一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐加入吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体的水溶液中能够得到金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺,所述金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺的金属负载量为40-60%。优选的,所述钴盐为硝酸钴,所述镍盐为硝酸镍。
具体的,步骤2)中,所述锂源可以是氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、乙酸锂;所述磷源可以是磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢锂或磷酸铁。煅烧时采用氩气作为保护气氛。
实施例1
本实施方式中,量取10mL的吡咯单体溶解在30mL去离子水中获得溶液A,将0.063mol硝酸铁与0.004mol硝酸钴溶解在60mL去离子水中形成溶液B,将溶液A与溶液B混合均匀并在室温(20℃)下静置24h使它们充分反应后旋蒸干燥获得前驱体。接下来称取5.3g的前驱体、0.525g的LiOH·H2O以及1.44g的NH4H2PO4并进行混合研磨,然后盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于350℃的炉温下煅烧4h得到预烧产物。最后将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,再次盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于650℃的炉温下煅烧12h获得包覆改性的磷酸铁锂,即本发明所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料。
实施例2
本实施方式中,量取8mL的吡咯单体与2mL的苯胺单体溶解在30mL去离子水中获得溶液C,将0.063mol硝酸铁与0.004mol硝酸钴溶解在60mL去离子水中形成溶液B,将溶液C与溶液B混合均匀并在室温(20℃)下静置24h使它们充分反应后旋蒸干燥获得前驱体。接下来称取5.3g的前驱体、0.525g的LiOH·H2O以及1.44g的NH4H2PO4并进行混合研磨,然后盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于350℃的炉温下煅烧4h得到预烧产物。最后将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,再次盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于650℃的炉温下煅烧12h获得包覆改性的磷酸铁锂,即本发明所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料。
实施例3
本实施方式中,量取10mL的苯胺单体溶解在30mL去离子水中获得溶液D,将0.063mol硝酸铁与0.004mol硝酸钴溶解在60mL去离子水中形成溶液B,将溶液D与溶液B混合均匀并在室温(20℃)下静置24h使它们充分反应后旋蒸干燥获得前驱体。接下来称取5.3g的前驱体、0.525g的LiOH·H2O以及1.44g的NH4H2PO4并进行混合研磨,然后盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于350℃的炉温下煅烧4h得到预烧产物。最后将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,再次盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于650℃的炉温下煅烧12h获得包覆改性的磷酸铁锂,即本发明所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料。
实施例4
本实施方式中,量取5mL的吡咯单体与5mL的苯胺单体溶解在30mL去离子水中获得溶液E,将溶液E与溶液B混合均匀并在室温(20℃)下静置24h使它们充分反应后旋蒸干燥获得前驱体。接下来称取5.3g的前驱体、0.525g的LiOH·H2O以及1.44g的NH4H2PO4并进行混合研磨,然后盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于350℃的炉温下煅烧4h得到预烧产物。最后将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,再次盛放于坩埚中放入管式炉内,在氩气气氛下,于650℃的炉温下煅烧12h获得包覆改性的磷酸铁锂,即本发明所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料。
进一步的,以实施例1得到的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂为正极材料制备纽扣电池并进行循环性能测试。具体的,按照90:2:8的质量比分别称取正极材料、导电炭黑及粘结剂(5%PVDF,聚偏氟乙烯)与NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)溶剂混合制成的浆料涂布于集流体铝箔上,在80℃的温度下烘干12h后用冲片机制成直径为15mm的正极片;电解液包括1.1mol/L的LiPF6、体积比为1:1的乙烯碳酸酯和碳酸二乙酯;负极片采用0.5mm的锂片;隔膜采用聚丙烯微孔隔膜。循环性能测试的电压区间为2.5-4.3V,规定1C=200mA/g。为了与现有技术形成对比作用,将与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂为正极材料,按照上述步骤制备纽扣电池并进行循环性能测试。
首先,请参阅图2,图2中a、b是实施例1得到的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂的SEM(Scanning electron microscopy)图,c、d是与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂的SEM图。观察结果表明,实施例1得到的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂二次造粒明显,有利于提升加工特性,提高振实密度,有助于体积比容量;与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂造粒较小,不利于加工压实,且聚吡咯分散不均匀。
请参阅图3,将实施例1得到的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂、与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂(参照)分别为正极材料制备的纽扣电池的循环性能测试结果表明:随着放电倍率的提升,与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂制备的电池的容量衰减更快;实施例1得到的包覆改性的磷酸铁锂相比于与聚吡咯进行普通混料后的磷酸铁锂极大地改善了电池的大倍率性能。
本发明提供的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法中,通过使用硝酸铁以及硝酸钴或/及硝酸镍引发吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体聚合,硝酸铁能够直接成为制备磷酸铁锂的原料,避免了使用传统(NH4)2S2O8引发聚合包覆时带来的过多过剩杂质;并且金属离子掺杂形成的M-N4(M为金属离子)杂化大环对提高聚吡咯/聚苯胺的导电效果具有重要促进作用,同时聚吡咯原位交联磷酸铁锂不仅提高了电子在充放电过程中的传导速率,并且网络交联结构对Li+离子的插入脱嵌都起着传输作用,有利于提升正极材料的大倍率充放电流。
本发明并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所描述,因此对于熟悉领域的人员而言可容易地实现另外的优点和修改,故在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念的精神和范围的情况下,本发明并不限于特定的细节、代表性的设备和这里示出与描述的图示示例。
Claims (5)
1.一种磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
1)将吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体溶于去离子水配置溶液,向上述溶液中添加一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐,混合均匀后在室温下静置12-24h,然后进行旋蒸干燥获得前驱体;
2)将步骤1)获得的前驱体与锂源及磷源按照1:(1.35-1.65):(1.2-1.8)的摩尔比例混合研磨,然后在保护气氛下于300-400℃的温度范围内煅烧3-5h得到预烧产物;
3)将所述预烧产物研磨细化后,在保护气氛下于600-700℃的温度范围内煅烧10-15h。
2.如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,将一定量的硝酸铁以及适量的钴盐或/及镍盐加入吡咯单体或/及苯胺单体的水溶液中能够得到金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺,所述金属掺杂的聚吡咯或/及聚苯胺的金属负载量为40-60%。
3.如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1)中,所述钴盐优选为硝酸钴;所述镍盐优选为硝酸镍。
4.如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中,所述锂源为氢氧化锂、碳酸锂、乙酸锂;所述磷源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸二氢锂或磷酸铁。
5.如权利要求1所述的磷酸铁锂正极材料制备方法,其特征在于:煅烧时采用氩气作为保护气氛。
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CN112614979A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 华中科技大学 | 一种二次碳包覆的磷酸铁锂及其制备方法 |
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CN112614979A (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-04-06 | 华中科技大学 | 一种二次碳包覆的磷酸铁锂及其制备方法 |
CN113060715A (zh) * | 2021-03-17 | 2021-07-02 | 河北九丛科技有限公司 | 一种新型磷酸铁锰锂正极材料的合成方法 |
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