CN107073892B - 用于消除部件的声音的装置和方法及复合系统 - Google Patents

用于消除部件的声音的装置和方法及复合系统 Download PDF

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CN107073892B
CN107073892B CN201580036991.1A CN201580036991A CN107073892B CN 107073892 B CN107073892 B CN 107073892B CN 201580036991 A CN201580036991 A CN 201580036991A CN 107073892 B CN107073892 B CN 107073892B
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damping layer
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鲁道夫·维多维克
克里斯蒂安·哈特
伯纳德·利厄特恩南德
约阿希姆·奥斯特
托尔斯腾·格拉夫
让乔治·贝克尔
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Sika Technology AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于消除部件(40)的声音的装置(10)，装置包括：由发泡材料制成的衰减层(20)；以及固定地连接至所述衰减层(20)且比所述衰减层(20)更坚硬的硬化层(30)。所述衰减层(20)由发泡热熔粘合剂形成。

Description

用于消除部件的声音的装置和方法及复合系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用于消除部件(特别是振荡或能够振荡的部件)的声音的装置和方法。
背景技术
在各种用于衰减可振荡部件的结构振动声音(简言之，用于消声)的应用例中，已知的是消声涂层。消声涂层固定地连接至待被消声的部件，并且借助消声涂层的特性来减少部件的固有振荡。一方面，单层型消声涂层，特别是沥青厚箔(heavy foils of bitumen)是已知的。另一方面，已知的是，由弹性衰减层和大部分相对较薄的坚硬包覆组成的复合系统取得了良好的消声效果。由此，可特别基于沥青将弹性衰减层实施为泡沫层。除了有效的衰减特性之外，泡沫层还提供良好的热绝缘，使得这种复合系统可用于声学目的并且用于部件的热绝缘。这种复合系统的应用领域特别为机动车辆的金属板或家用电器(白色家电)的外壳。
对部件(特别是金属板)的有效消声要求消声涂层与该部件的固定和(如有可能)全面的连接。已知的消声装置例如通过夹紧或螺栓元件机械地连接至部件，或者通过被涂覆到衰减层上的粘合剂层(热熔粘合剂)连接至部件。然而，粘合剂在泡沫层上的涂覆在技术上很复杂且成本高。另外，热封粘合剂的使用也存在问题，这是因为它会对泡沫层造成热损伤。如果将沥青层用作衰减层，在原理上也可将粘合剂沥青直接涂覆至待被声学地改进的部件上。然而，这种连接不满足对低温冲击强度的要求，并且不能确保涂层和片状基材的永久组合。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供用于消除部件的声音的装置和方法，以实现特别有效且成本效益高的消声处理。
根据本发明的装置包括：由泡沫材料制成的衰减层；以及固定地连接至衰减层并且比衰减层更坚硬的硬化层。由此，借助发泡热熔粘合剂来形成衰减层。
根据本发明的用于消除部件的声音的方法包括以下步骤：将具有硬化层以及连接至硬化层且由发泡热熔粘合剂制成的衰减层的装置附接至待被消声的部件；并且通过加热并随后冷却装置的至少衰减层来形成衰减层和部件的固定连接。
可以看出，在用于衰减结构振动声音(用于消声)的多层式复合系统的情况下，本发明的基本思想在于制造特别用于声音吸收的衰减层或由发泡热熔粘合剂制成的泡沫层。因此，由发泡热熔粘合剂组成的层将衰减装置的声音衰减特性与粘合剂系统的特性组合在单个层中。此外，由于衰减层的多孔性或形成在衰减层中的空腔，衰减层还可用于热绝缘。连接至衰减层的硬化层也有助于声音衰减性能，这是因为它与衰减层一起形成弹簧质量系统，该系统会特别有效地衰减结构振动声音。另外，更致密且更坚硬的包覆也可以提高声音衰减。由于可不使用额外的粘合剂层，与具有相同声学特性的已知复合系统相比，这可减少重量和成本。可热封泡沫层确保了消声涂层与待被消声的部件的永久连接。用于衰减结构振动声音的装置或消声涂层也可被称为用于衰减结构振动声音的消声涂层或复合部件。
特别地，将泡沫物(foam)理解为由网状物限定并形成粘合结构的孔结构。优选地，用空气填充孔或空腔，且孔或空腔可以是开放孔或闭合孔。
特别地，硬化层比衰减层具有更大的轴向硬度，并且也可被称为轴向坚硬包覆。优选地，硬化层的弹性模量比衰减层的弹性模量大至少5倍，优选至少10倍。
当用于待被消声的部件时，硬化层布置在衰减层的远离部件的一侧上，并且特别相应地形成装置或复合部件的外表或外层。衰减层形成复合部件的相对的第二外表或外层，并且设置成直接连接至待被消声的部件。特别地，根据本发明的消声装置为两层式复合部件，复合部件包括作为发泡热熔粘合剂层的衰减层和特别以物质-物质结合(substance-to-substance bond)方式与衰减层连接的硬化层。借助位于它们之间的衰减层，硬化层和待被消声的金属板形成“夹层”，夹层具有使振荡明显减小的趋势，并且因此实现有效的消声。根据本发明的装置还可被称为夹层或夹层涂层。
原则上，熔融粘合剂(也被称为热熔粘合剂)对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的。它们的粘度因加热而降低，并且在冷却时它们与邻接材料形成物质-物质结合。原则上，热熔粘合剂不含溶剂并且在室温下为固体。根据本发明，复合部件内的作为衰减层的发泡热熔粘合剂使复合部件具有良好的结构振动声音衰减特性，其中，衰减层可同时具有粘合功能。发泡热熔粘合剂或热熔粘合剂可以是聚合物热熔体，并特别地包括至少一种热塑性聚合物。由发泡热熔粘合剂组成的衰减层也可被称为发泡热熔系统或聚合物系统。衰减层可以包括可热封聚合物泡沫物。
为了将消声装置紧固到待被消声的部件(特别是金属板)，必要时，特别地将预制的复合部件至少逐个区域地与被待消声的部件一起加热。特别地，加热衰减层。优选地，衰减层因加热而全面地支撑在部件上，其中，由于粘度降低，衰减层也可以匹配于部件的表面。被加热的衰减层适于不平坦的表面。以此方式，例如可以相应地填充或补偿部件中的不平坦特征。随后冷却衰减层(必要时一起冷却部件)，由此产生衰减层和部件的固定结合，特别是物质-物质结合。优选地，衰减层在加热之前发泡，以便粘附到待被消声的部件。换句话说，对已经发泡的衰减层加热，以便借助物质-物质结合将衰减层连接到部件。特别地，将具有已经发泡的衰减层的消声装置附接到部件并且通过加热连接到部件。重要的是注意，本发明背景下的术语“连接”特别被理解为粘合连接。
可热封衰减层可包括聚合物泡沫物或由其组成。为了制造发泡热熔粘合剂层，原则上，可以以本领域技术人员已知的方式，特别借助化学和/或物理发泡剂或通过吹送气体来对聚合物基体(polymer matrix)进行发泡。特别地，可以使用由于温度升高而引起发泡的可膨胀中空体。随后，压延泡沫体并安装硬化层。优选地，消声装置在室温下是非粘性的，并因此能够简单地包装和运输。优选地，在直接涂覆到部件之前或当已经位于部件上时，热熔粘合剂仅通过现场的温度升高而被活化。由此，特别是在其背离硬化层的一侧上，衰减层变得具有粘性。特别地，为了在该侧上产生粘合效果，有利的是特别在背离硬化层的一侧上进行加热，例如通过加热待被消声的部件，并借助从部件到衰减层的热传递来加热。
因为衰减层或热熔粘合剂层比硬化层具有更厚的厚度，所以还可以获得特别好的声学特性以及热特性。在特别优选的实施例中，衰减层或泡沫层具有在0.5mm和5mm之间的厚度。因此，厚度特别被理解为与板状装置的平坦延伸成直角的延伸或者与待被消声的部件的表面成直角的延伸。优选地，硬化层具有在0.05mm至0.3mm的范围内的强度或厚度。然而，特别在非金属硬化层的情况下，也可以使用特别地高达0.5mm或高达1mm的更大的层厚度。
优选地，衰减层和硬化层一起形成根据本发明的装置的大部分，特别地形成待被消声的装置或板的至少90％、至少95％或至少98％的厚度。特别优选地，装置由衰减层和硬化层组成。
优选地，具有热熔粘合功能的衰减层直接连接或无中介地连接到待被消声的部件。消声板或箔可以以这种方式涂覆到待被消声的部件上。此外，优选地，在衰减层和硬化层之间也不设置其它粘合剂层。因此，硬化层布置成直接邻接衰减层，使得复合部件的这两个层互相接触。优选地，衰减层和硬化层借助物质-物质结合而互相固定地连接。
发泡热熔粘合剂(也就是衰减层)可以因温度升高而被活化，从而产生用于将装置紧固到待被消声的部件上的粘合表面。因此，发泡热熔粘合剂层可通过加热和随后的冷却而连接至部件或固定至部件上。通过冷却可产生衰减层和部件之间的物质-物质结合。
原则上，可使用发泡热熔粘合剂。特别优选地，衰减层包括乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA，ethylene vinyla cetate)或由乙烯醋酸乙烯酯组成。替代地或另外地，发泡衰减层可包含聚酰胺和/或丁基橡胶(butyl rubber)和/或聚烯烃(特别是热塑性聚烯烃(TPO，thermoplastic polyolefins))和/或苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS，styrene-butadieneblock copolymers)。优选地，所提到的物质形成衰减层的大部分，优选地，至少50％(重量计)，特别优选70％(重量计)或90％(重量计)。
优选地，衰减层或泡沫层具有在0.1kg/dm3和1kg/dm3之间的密度，特别地在0.18kg/dm3和0.5kg/dm3之间的密度。
例如，硬化层可以包括优选地具有外包覆层的金属箔和/或塑料层和/或硬纸板和/或沥青层。出于重量原因，特别地，可将铝(也可以是钢)用作金属箔。例如，塑料层可以是玻璃纤维加固塑料层，特别是聚丙烯(PP，polypropylene)和/或聚酰胺(PA，polyamide)。在沥青包覆层的情况下，优选地，设置用于获得无粘合表面的密封件或密封层。借助沥青层获得了待被消声的良好成形的涂层，该涂层也适于包括表面结构(特别是凹陷和凸起)的部件。
本发明还涉及复合系统或夹层系统，该系统包括或具有待被消声的部件(特别是金属板)以及根据本发明的可固定地连接至或已经固定地连接至待被消声的部件的装置。
附图说明
下面将通过所附的示意图中示出的示例性实施例来更详细地说明本发明。
图1示出了根据本发明的装置的第一实施例。
图2示出了根据本发明的装置的第二实施例。
具体实施方式
在所有附图中，用相同的附图标记表示相同的部件或具有相同功能的部件。
图1示出了根据本发明的也可具有消声效果的消声装置10的第一实施例的示意剖面图。装置10被设置成与部件40(特别是金属板)形成固定的，特别是物质-物质结合，并且还可被称为衰减箔、衰减板或衰减涂层。装置10是复合部件并且包括多孔的第一层，第一层设置有空腔并且被称为衰减层20。另外，衰减层20也可用作热绝缘层。衰减层20由发泡热熔粘合剂组成，并且被安装成(特别地借助物质-物质结合)固定地连接至待被声学改善或待被消声的部件40。因此，衰减层20的第一外侧22以粘合的方式(特别是通过物质-物质结合)连接到部件40。
直接连接到衰减层20的硬化层30布置在衰减层20的与部件40相对的第二侧24上。硬化层30分别形成夹层板(sandwich plate)或装置10的轴向坚硬包覆，并且包括连接到发泡热熔粘合剂层的第一侧32以及第二外侧34。例如，硬化层30可以是金属层或特别是玻璃纤维加固塑料层。硬化层30具有比衰减层20更大的比表面重量和更小的厚度。衰减层20是弹性的，使得其能够顺应部件的振动并且能够将振动转换成热量，以便实现部件40的消声，其中，通过连接到衰减层20的硬化层30会进一步加强消声效果。因此，总而言之，根据本发明的部件是具有衰减层20和外部的坚硬包覆或硬化层30的复合部件。
图2所示的装置10基本上对应于根据图1的装置10。相比之下，作为硬化层30，设置被密封件或包覆层38覆盖的沥青层36。例如，针对白色家电或汽车行业，可以以这种方式为不平整的(变形的)底面提供用于消声的起泡(beadable)装置。沥青层36可以是沥青厚箔。
由于衰减层20被实施为发泡热熔粘合剂层，因此其可以连接或粘合到硬化层30以及部件40，而无需额外的粘合剂层。同时，借助其弹性及形成的空腔可获得极好的声学效能。
附图标记列表
10 装置 20 衰减层
22 第一侧 24 第二侧
30 硬化层 32 第一侧
34 第二侧 36 沥青层
38 包覆层 40 部件

Claims (8)

1.一种用于消除部件(40)的声音的装置(10)，其具有：
由发泡材料制成的衰减层(20)；以及
硬化层(30)，其固定地连接至所述衰减层(20)，并且比所述衰减层(20)更坚硬，
其特征在于，所述衰减层(20)由发泡热熔粘合剂形成，
所述衰减层(20)被设定成直接连接至待被消声的所述部件(40)，其中，所述衰减层(20)在室温下是非粘性的，并且所述发泡热熔粘合剂能够通过温度升高而被活化，从而产生用于将所述装置(10)紧固至待被消声的所述部件(40)的粘合表面，并且所述装置(10)借助物质-物质结合而连接至待被消声的所述部件(40)，并且
所述衰减层(20)包括聚酰胺和/或丁基橡胶和/或聚烯烃(TPO)和/或苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)和/或至少50％重量计的乙烯醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置(10)，其特征在于，
所述衰减层(20)比所述硬化层(30)具有更厚的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(10)，其特征在于，
所述衰减层(20)和所述硬化层(30)一起形成所述装置(10)的至少90％的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(10)，其特征在于，
所述衰减层(20)和所述硬化层(30)一起形成所述装置(10)的至少95％的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(10)，其特征在于，
所述衰减层(20)和所述硬化层(30)一起形成所述装置(10)的至少98％的厚度。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置(10)，其特征在于，
所述硬化层(30)包括具有外包覆层的金属箔和/或塑料层和/或硬纸板和/或沥青层。
7.一种复合系统，其包括：
待被消声的部件(40)；以及
根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的装置(10)，所述装置能够连接至或固定地连接至待被消声的所述部件(40)。
8.一种用于消除部件(40)的声音的方法，其包括以下步骤：
将具有硬化层(30)和由发泡热熔粘合剂制成的衰减层(20)的装置(10)附接至待被消声的部件(40)，所述衰减层固定地连接至所述硬化层(30)，其中，所述硬化层(30)比所述衰减层(20)更坚硬；并且
通过加热并随后冷却所述装置(10)的至少所述衰减层而借助物质-物质结合来形成所述衰减层(20)和所述部件(40)的固定连接，其中，所述衰减层(20)包括聚酰胺和/或丁基橡胶和/或聚烯烃(TPO)和/或苯乙烯-丁二烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)，并且其中，所述衰减层(20)在室温下是非粘性的。
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