CN107072269A - 香料纳米乳液和制备其的方法 - Google Patents
香料纳米乳液和制备其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107072269A CN107072269A CN201580056758.XA CN201580056758A CN107072269A CN 107072269 A CN107072269 A CN 107072269A CN 201580056758 A CN201580056758 A CN 201580056758A CN 107072269 A CN107072269 A CN 107072269A
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- Prior art keywords
- nanoemulsion
- flavor
- lecithin
- fatty acid
- oil
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L2/385—Concentrates of non-alcoholic beverages
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
一种香料纳米乳液。所述纳米乳液含有多个油滴、水性相、以及包含聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂的表面活性剂体系。还公开了含有所述纳米乳液的液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物和制备其的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求来自两个美国申请的优先权的益处:(i)2014年10月20日提交的序列号62/065,865和2015年7月28日提交的序列号62/197,919。两个申请的内容通过整体引用结合。
背景
香料纳米乳液已经用于产生含有疏水性香料油的光学澄清的饮料。加入表面活性剂以促进纳米乳液的形成并且还使这些纳米乳液稳定。
美国专利申请公布2009/0285952公开了用于酒精饮料或碳酸饮料的含有酶降解的卵磷脂的纳米乳液组合物。日本申请2003/284510描述了其中使用聚甘油脂肪酸酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯作为表面活性剂的具有耐醇性的组合物。然而,由于在其中含有的表面活性剂,认为这种组合物对香味不令人满意。参见US2009/0285952。日本专利05588048公开了可用于酒精饮料并且含有亲水性聚甘油脂肪酸酯、亲脂性聚甘油脂肪酯和溶血卵磷脂的香料乳液组合物。在组合物中采用了高浓度的聚甘油酯。US2009/0196972描述了具有高水平(例如,至少20%)的聚山梨糖醇酯作为表面活性剂的香料组合物。US2013/0064954公开了具有高水平的聚山梨糖醇酯的用于食品应用(例如,酱汁)的香料纳米乳液组合物。然而,这些已知的乳液组合物对于制备光学澄清的、稳定的酒精饮料来说不是理想的。
需要开发一种香料纳米乳液,其具有高稳定性以制备具有增强的香味的光学澄清的、稳定的酒精饮料。
发明概述
本发明基于这样的发现:由聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂制备的香料纳米乳液在包括酒精饮料在内的液体饮料中是稳定的并且光学澄清的。
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及一种香料纳米乳液,所述香料纳米乳液包含多个油滴、水性相、和表面活性剂体系。
在一些实施方案中,纳米乳液具有0.7以下(例如,0.65以下和0.6以下)的水分活度并且具有基于纳米乳液的重量25%以下(例如,20%以下和15%以下)的水含量。
具有0.1至500nm的液滴尺寸的所述油滴中的每一个含有香料并且分散在所述水性相中。另外,所述油滴可以各自含有油溶性维生素、油溶性着色剂、抗氧化剂、味道调节剂、口感调节剂、或它们的组合。示例性的味道调节剂是酸掩蔽剂(acid masker)、冷却剂(cooling agent)、辛辣味道(hot tasting)物质、增甜剂、增咸剂、引起分泌唾液的物质、造成温暖(warmth)或发麻(tingling)感觉的物质、以及它们的组合。
所述水性相含有水和助溶剂。典型的助溶剂是多元醇,包括丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇(isomalt)、以及它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,助溶剂是丙二醇、甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物。在具体实施方案中,丙二醇以5至25%的水平存在,甘油以0.1至35%的水平存在,并且山梨糖醇以25至65%的水平存在,全部基于香料纳米乳液的重量。水和助溶剂之间的重量比是1∶95至1∶3,优选1∶40至1∶4,并且更优选1∶20至1∶5。
所述表面活性剂体系包含聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂。其可以在0.1至20%的水平并且香料可以在1至20%的水平,二者均基于香料纳米乳液的重量。
所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯具有9至20的HLB。实例包括聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、以及它们的组合。
具有4至16的HLB的卵磷脂可以是天然的、脱油的、分馏的、或酶改性的。
聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂之间的重量比是30∶1至1∶5。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯通常以0.05至15%的水平存在,并且卵磷脂通常以0.05至5%的水平存在,二者均基于香料纳米乳液的重量。
上述任一种香料纳米乳液还可以含有选自由下列各项组成的组的消泡剂:有机硅乳液抗泡剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷抗泡剂、2-辛醇、蜡膏、啤酒花脂质(hop lipid)、海藻酸盐、矿物油、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、以及它们的组合。
本发明的另一个方面涉及含有上述香料纳米乳液中的任一种的液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物。在一些实施方案中,具有10NTU以下(例如,5NTU以下、3NTU以下、和2NTU以下)的浊度的液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物含有1至60%(例如,2-30%)的醇。
还在本发明的范围内的是制备上述香料纳米乳液中的一种的方法。所述方法包括下列步骤:(a)提供含有聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、水、和助溶剂的水性相,(b)提供含有香料和卵磷脂的油相,和(c)将所述油相乳化至所述水性相中,从而得到所述纳米乳液。所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯具有9至20的HLB,并且所述卵磷脂具有4至16的HLB。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、助溶剂、和卵磷脂是以上定义的。
术语“游离脂肪酸”是指含有游离羧基(-COOH)的脂肪酸。游离脂肪酸包括它们的盐和溶剂化物。
本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节在以下说明中给出。根据说明书和权利要求,本发明的其他特征、目标、和优点将会是显而易见的。
发明详述
在饮料制备中的许多调味化合物是精油如橙、柠檬、和葡萄柚,其具有有限的水溶性。在饮料工业中,得到光学澄清的饮料的香料乳液引起了越来越多的兴趣。理想的香料乳液(200纳米以下的平均粒度)是视觉上半透明的并且热力学上稳定的。
已经意外地发现,某些香料纳米乳液是光学澄清的并且在酒精饮料中保持高稳定性。这些香料纳米乳液可以由至少含有聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂的表面活性剂体系方便地制备。
因此,本发明的香料纳米乳液通常是各自具有多个油滴、连续水性相、表面活性剂体系、和任选的消泡剂的水包油体系。
油滴通常是疏水性的并且与水不混溶。它们含有一种或多种活性材料,所述活性材料选自香料、油溶性维生素、油溶性着色剂、抗氧化剂、味道调节剂、口感调节剂、油溶性消泡剂、以及它们的任何组合。可用的味道调节剂包括酸掩蔽剂、polyaldo matric、啤酒花、冷却剂、辛辣味道物质、增甜剂、增咸剂、引起分泌唾液的物质、造成温暖或发麻感觉的物质、以及它们的任何组合。示例性的口感调节剂是椰子油、具有或不具有糖的椰子浆、香兰素、甜菊糖苷如莱鲍迪苷(Rebaudioside)A、C、D、E和F、中链甘油三酯、斯替维醇、糖基化甜菊糖苷、以及它们的组合。
其他适合的活性材料包括香精、前体香精、恶臭抵消剂、抗炎剂、杀真菌剂、麻醉剂、镇痛剂、抗微生物活性物、抗病毒剂、抗感染剂、抗痤疮剂、皮肤美白剂、驱虫剂、润肤剂、皮肤润湿剂、皱纹控制剂、UV保护剂、织物软化剂、织物软化剂活性物、硬表面清洗活性物、皮肤或毛发调节剂、驱虫剂、驱兽剂、驱有害动物剂(vermin repellent)、阻燃剂、抗静电剂、纳米尺寸无机固体、聚合物或弹性体粒子、以及它们的任伺组合。
除活性材料外,油滴还可以含有辅助材料如粘度调节剂和pH调节剂。下面更细节地描述活性材料和辅助材料。
当油滴含有香料时,香料以基于香料纳米乳液的重量0.1至20%(例如,0.2至15%和0.5至10%)的水平存在。
油滴各自具有500nm以下的液滴尺寸,例如200nm以下、100nm以下、0.1至500nm、0.1至200nm、和1至100nm。
油滴分散在含有水和助溶剂的水性相中。加入助溶剂以提高表面活性剂体系在水中的溶解度以及纳米乳液的稳定性。示例性的助溶剂是选自由下列各项组成的组的多元醇:丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、或它们的组合。
在一些实施方案中,香料纳米乳液含有具有为丙二醇、甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物的助溶剂的水性相。在这些实施方案中,丙二醇可以以5至25%(例如,5至20%)的水平存在,甘油以0.1至35%(例如,5至30%)的水平存在,并且山梨糖醇以25至65%(例如,30至50%)的水平存在,全部基于香料纳米乳液的重量。
在其它实施方案中,水和多元醇之间的重量比是1∶95至1∶2(例如,1∶95至1∶3、1∶95至1∶4、1∶50至1∶3、和1∶20至1∶5)。
在油相、水性相、或二者中含有表面活性剂体系。其以基于纳米乳液的重量0.1至20%(例如,0.2至20%、0.3至15%、和0.5至12%)的水平存在。
适合的表面活性剂体系具有至少两种表面活性剂:聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂之间的重量比是30∶1至1∶5(例如,25∶1至1∶2和20∶1至1∶1)。
可用的聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯具有9至20、优选13至20、并且更优选14至18的HLB。如在本文中所使用的术语“HLB”是指分子的“亲水-亲脂平衡”。HLB数字表示在1-40的范围内的分子的极性,并且最常用的乳化剂具有1至20之间的值。在增加亲水性的情况下,HLB数字增加。如由Griffin,“借助‘HLB’的表面-活性剂的分类(ClassificationofSurface-Active Agents by′HLB′)”,Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists 1(1949),311-26;和Griffin,“非离子表面活性剂的HLB值的计算”,Journal ofthe Society of Cosmetic Chemists 5(1954),249-56描述的,可以通过对分子的不同区域计算数值来确定表面活性剂的HLB。
适合的聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯包括聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、和聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯。重复的氧亚乙基-(CH2CH2-O)-的数量可以在2至1000的范围内(例如,5至100、10至50、10至30、和20)。可商购获得的聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯是ICIAmericas,Inc.(Wilmington,Delaware)的名称为TweenTM的那些,例如TweenTM 60(14.9的HLB)、TweenTM 80(15的HLB)、和TweenTM 20(16.7的HLB)。它们具有20个重复的氧亚乙基单元。
聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯以基于香料纳米乳液的重量0.05至15%(例如,0.1至12%、0.15至10%、和0.2至8%)的水平存在。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和香料的重量比可以在1∶15至3∶1(例如,1∶10至2.5∶1和1∶10至2∶1)的范围内。
可用的卵磷脂具有在4至16(例如,6-16和8-16)的范围内的HLB。这些卵磷脂可以是天然的、脱油的、分馏的、或酶改性的。天然的和标准的液体卵磷脂具有4至8的HLB并且酶改性的卵磷脂(“溶血卵磷脂”)具有8至16的HLB。
卵磷脂是两种主要组分即磷脂和甘油三酯与少量如植物糖脂、植物固醇、生育酚、和脂肪酸的其他成分的混合物。在卵磷脂中的磷脂包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酸、磷脂酰甘油、和磷脂酰肌醇。可以将磷脂酰胆碱酶改性以形成溶血磷脂酰胆碱。磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱二者都是在卵磷脂中含有的理想的表面活性剂。
卵磷脂通过提取并且纯化来源于自然存在的产品(包括但不限于大豆、蛋类、葵花籽或油菜籽(菜籽)、奶、海洋来源和棉籽)的磷脂而制备。食品级卵磷脂以液体、颗粒和粉末从商业来源获得并且包括,例如,由美国卵磷脂公司(American Lecithin Company(Oxford,CT))销售的ALCOLEC卵磷脂和由CARGILL(Mechelen,比利时)销售的TOPCITHIN、LECIPRIME、LECISOY、EMULFLUID、METARIN、EMULPUR、LECIGRAN、EPIKURON、LECIMULTHIN、EMULTOP、和OVOTHIN卵磷脂,以及由杜邦营养与健康(DuPont Nutrition&Health(St.Louis,MO))销售的SOLEC卵磷脂。
卵磷脂可以是脱油的(即,具有3%以下的残油)或分馏的(即,将溶剂中的可溶性组分和不溶性组分分离,所述溶剂可以为醇如乙醇或乙醇-水混合物)。在分馏过程期间,卵磷脂与醇(如乙醇或乙醇-水)混合。磷脂酰胆碱在乙醇中具有良好的溶解度,然而大多数其他磷脂不充分溶解。将乙醇相从卵磷脂污泥分离。乙醇的移除得到富含磷脂酰胆碱的卵磷脂。
优选地,磷脂酰胆碱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱以基于卵磷脂的重量20%以上的水平存在。另外,在卵磷脂中还存在游离脂肪酸。希望的是,它们的水平为基于卵磷脂的重量15%以下(例如,10%以下、和5%以下)。
如在本文中所使用的术语“卵磷脂”是指单一类型的卵磷脂(例如,天然的、脱油的、分馏的、或酶改性的),也指卵磷脂的混合物。
卵磷脂可以以基于香料纳米乳液的重量0.05至15%(例如,0.1至10%和0.2至5%)的水平存在。
除聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂外,还可以将其他食品安全的表面活性剂加入至本发明的香料纳米乳液中。实例包括:磷脂铵(ammonium phosphatide)、包括蒸馏甘油单酯的脂肪酸的甘油单酯或二酯、甘油单酯和二酯中的乙酸酯(Acetem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和二酯中的乳酸酯(Lactem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和二酯中的柠檬酸酯(Citrem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯和二酯中的单和二乙酰基酒石酸酯(Datem)、脂肪酸的甘油单酯中的琥珀酸酯(SMG)、乙氧基化甘油单酯、脂肪酸的蔗糖酯、蔗糖甘油酯、脂肪酸的聚甘油酯、聚甘油聚蓖麻油酸酯、脂肪酸的丙烷-1,2二醇酯、与脂肪酸的甘油单酯或二酯相互作用的热氧化大豆油、硬脂酰乳酸钠(SSL)、硬脂酰乳酸钙(CSL)、酒石酸硬脂基酯、脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯、交酯化蓖麻油酸的聚甘油酯(E476)、硬脂酰乳酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、聚氧乙基化氢化蓖麻油(例如,以商品名CREMO-PHOR销售的)、环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的嵌段共聚物(例如,以商品名PLURONIC或商品名POLOXAMER销售的)、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、和聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯。脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯的实例是脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、和脂肪酸的蔗糖酯。
任选地,香料纳米乳液含有消泡剂,其可以是可水分散消泡剂或油溶性消泡剂。实例包括有机硅乳液抗泡剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷抗泡剂、2-辛醇、蜡膏、啤酒花脂质(hoplipid)、海藻酸盐、矿物油、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、以及它们的组合。
上述香料纳米乳液表现为半透明的或光学澄清的。可以将它们加入至酒精或非酒精、碳酸或非碳酸饮料基底溶液中以增强饮料的香味、味道、或口感。当使用澄清饮料基底溶液时,最终的饮料在通过引入本发明的纳米乳液而得到味道增强的益处的同时保持光学澄清。
术语“半透明”是指通透可见的纳米乳液,尽管光可能会被材料本身漫射。就此而言,本发明的纳米乳液提供澄清的软饮料。术语“澄清”或“光学澄清”(透明)是指具有小于10比浊测量法浊度单位(Nephelometric Turbidity Unit,“NTU”;例如,小于5NTU和小于3NTU)的浊度的纳米乳液或饮料。浊度可以按照在本领域内公知的工序测量,例如Fernandez等人,Food Chemistry(2000),71,563-66;和Christensen等人,Journal-American WaterWorks Association(2003),95,179-189。
本发明的香料纳米乳液具有较低的水的水平。一些香料纳米乳液含有25%以下(例如,20%以下、15%以下、1至20%、5-20%)的水。香料纳米乳液各自具有0.7以下(例如,0.65以下、0.6以下、和0.55以下)的水分活度。
水分活度是当在与周围空气介质的完全不受干扰的平衡中时香料纳米乳液的蒸气压与在相同条件下的蒸馏水的蒸气压之间的比率。0.7的水分活度意指纯水的蒸气压的70%的蒸气压。使用这种具体定义,纯蒸馏水具有恰好为一的水分活度。随着温度增加,水分活度通常增加。
较高的水分活度是支持微生物生长所必需的。细菌通常需要至少0.91的水分活度,并且真菌至少0.7。
在具有0.7以下的水分活度的情况下,本发明的香料纳米乳液将不会支持微生物的生长。因此,香料纳米乳液通常不含防腐剂。
在某些实施方案中,香料纳米乳液进一步在水性相中含有0.01%至20%的载体材料,其包括单糖和二糖,如葡萄糖、乳糖、左旋糖、海藻糖、果糖、麦芽糖、核糖、蔗糖、或它们的组合。在其它实施方案中,水性相进一步含有蛋白质、胶、和/或水胶体。适合的蛋白质包括大豆蛋白分离物、大豆蛋白浓缩物、乳清蛋白分离物、乳清蛋白浓缩物、明胶、豌豆蛋白、和蛋白水解产物。胶和水胶体的实例包括黄原胶、瓜尔胶、阿拉伯胶(gum acaia)、化学改性阿拉伯胶、果胶、和海藻酸盐。
本发明的香料纳米乳液通过在聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂的存在下使用常规技术将香料油乳化为水性相而制备。简而言之,纳米乳液通常通过混合水性相和油相并且对混合物进行均质化数次(或者在本领域的术语中,进行多于一“遍(pass)”)而制备。根据本发明,预乳液步骤(即高剪切混合步骤)对于在高压均质化之前设定初始粒度来说是重要的。高剪切混合的速度可以在3,000rpm至20,000rpm的范围内并且混合的时间可以在5至30分钟的范围内。随后使用高压均化器(例如,可商购获得的Niro Panda2000)或其他类型的均化器(例如,可商购自Microfluidics的MICROFLUIDIZER或可商购自Avestin的EMULSIFLEX)以制备纳米乳液。均质化可以在3,000/300psi至10,000/1,000psi下使用二级均化器进行二、三、或更多遍;或在6,500/500psi至20,000/2,000psi下进行一、二或更多遍。
速溶香料纳米乳液可以用于各种消费品、食品、或药品中。尤其是,香料纳米乳液发现了在下列各项中的应用:口香糖、糕点、口腔护理产品、饮料、零食、乳制品、汤、酱汁、调味品、洗涤剂、织物软化剂和其他织物护理产品、防汗剂、除臭剂、滑石、猫砂、头发护理和造型产品、个人护理产品、空气清新剂、谷物、烘焙产品和清洁剂。
在具体实施方案中,速溶香料纳米乳液在饮料和饮料液体浓缩物中使用。因此,除了香料纳米乳液之外,本发明还提供含有本发明的香料纳米乳液的光学澄清的最终饮料产品或液体饮料浓缩物。
在一些实施方案中,速溶香料纳米乳液以基于最终饮料产品的重量在1ppm至60%(例如,1ppm至20%和5ppm至5%)之间的水平加料,以使得产品含有0.01ppm至10%(0.1ppm至5%、0.5ppm至1%、和1ppm至100ppm)的香料油。在使用本发明的香料乳液的情况下,由此制备的最终饮料产品是澄清的,具有10NTU(例如,5NTU和3NTU)以下的浊度。
如在本文中所使用的,术语“液体饮料浓缩物”意指可以用另一种液体(如水性饮用液体)稀释以提供最终饮料或者在食用之前加入至食品中的液体组合物。短语“液体”是指在室温(即70°F)下非气体的、可流动的、液体组合物。如在本文中所使用的术语“最终饮料”意指已经通过标准软饮料(即,即饮的)制备工序或者通过稀释浓缩物以提供饮用、消费形式的饮料而制备的饮料。在一些方面中,由于酸化剂含量和/或香味强度,浓缩物是非饮用的。通过阐明术语“浓度”而举例的方式,75倍(即“75X”)的浓度将会等同于1份浓缩物对应74份水(或其他饮用液体)以提供最终饮料。换句话说,当确定液体饮料浓缩物的适当的稀释水平以及因此的浓度时,考虑最终饮料的香味特征。浓缩物的稀释因数还可以被表示为提供一份浓缩物所需的量。
浓缩物的粘度、pH、和配方将会至少部分取决于预期的稀释因数。在一种方法中,可以将适度浓缩的产品配制为以至少5倍的因数稀释以提供最终饮料,其可以是,例如8盎司饮料。在一个方面中,将浓缩物配制为以5至15倍的因数稀释以提供最终饮料。在这种形式下,液体浓缩物具有1.8至4或者更具体1.8至2.9、2至3.1、或2至2.5的pH;以及使用心轴S00在50rpm和20℃下利用Brookfield DVII+Pro粘度计测量的7.5至100cP、10至100cP、15至100cP、10至50cP、或10至20cP的粘度。在一些实施方案中,浓缩物至少包含基于浓缩物的重量0.1至15百分比的酸化剂。如果需要,可以使用任何可食用的、食品级有机或无机酸,如,但不限于,柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、乙酸、盐酸、己二酸、酒石酸、富马酸、磷酸、乳酸、酸式焦磷酸钠、它们的盐、以及它们的组合。酸化剂的选择可以至少部分取决于浓缩物的所需pH和/或酸化剂赋予稀释的最终饮料的味道。在另一个方面中,在浓缩物中包含的酸化剂的量可以取决于酸的强度。例如,与更强的酸如磷酸相比,在浓缩物中将会需要更大量的乳酸以降低最终饮料中的pH。在一些实施方案中,可以将缓冲液加入至浓缩物中以在所需pH下提供增加的酸含量。适合的缓冲液包括,例如,酸的共轭碱、葡萄糖酸盐、乙酸盐、磷酸盐或酸的任何盐(例如,柠檬酸钠和柠檬酸钾)。在其他实例中,酸的未解离的盐可以使浓缩物缓冲。
本发明的饮料或浓缩物可以包含来自用于大块固体加入的水果或蔬菜的一种或多种果汁或果汁浓缩物(如至少4X浓缩产品)。在一个方面中,果汁或果汁浓缩物可以包括,例如,椰子汁(还通常被称为椰子水)、苹果、梨、葡萄、橙、马铃薯、蜜柑、柠檬、酸橙、番茄、胡萝卜、甜菜、芦笋、芹菜、羽衣甘蓝、菠菜、南瓜、草莓、树莓、香蕉、蓝莓、芒果、百香果、桃、李子、木瓜、和组合。如果需要,果汁或果汁浓缩物还可以作为糊状物(puree)加入。
如指出的,可以将加入至饮用液体中以形成调味饮料。在一些方面中,浓缩物可以是非饮用的(如由于高的酸含量和香味强度)。例如,可以使用饮料浓缩物以为水、可乐、碳酸水、茶、咖啡、赛尔脱兹矿泉水(seltzer)、苏打水(club soda)等提供香味,并且还可以用于增强果汁的香味。在一个实施方案中,可以使用饮料浓缩物以为酒精饮料提供香味,所述酒精饮料包括但不限于调味香槟、起泡葡萄酒(sparkling wine)、葡萄汽酒(winespritzer)、鸡尾酒、马提尼酒(martini)等。在具体实施方案中,浓缩物在光学澄清饮料中使用。
饮料浓缩物还可以与各种食品组合以为食品增加香味。例如,可以使用浓缩物为各种固体、半固体、和液体食品提供香味,所述食品包括但不限于燕麦片、谷物、酸奶、脱乳清酸奶、白软干酪(cottage cheese)、奶油奶酪、霜状白糖、沙拉酱、酱汁、以及甜点如冰淇淋、果汁冻(sherbet)、果汁冰糕(sorbet)、和意大利冰淇淋(Italian ice)。饮料浓缩物与食品或饮料的适当的比率可以由本领域普通技术人员方便地确定。
为了本发明的目的,稳定性被定义为保持对于在最终用途中使用来说可接受的香味品质和强度。优选地,稳定的乳液根据储存条件具有至少1年至三年的保存限期。
纳米乳液是直径的指尺寸为200纳米以下(例如,50至150纳米)的脂质液滴。参见Mason等人,2006,J.Physics:Condensed Matter 18,635-66。纳米乳液通过利用高应力机械工艺将不可水溶混的油相混合至水性相中来制备。
适用于制备本发明的纳米乳液的香料油含有一种或多种挥发性和非挥发性化合物。可以根据本发明使用各种香料。香料可以选自合成香料、调味油以及来源于植物、叶、花、果实、以及它们的组合的油提取物。代表性的香料油包括,但不限于留兰香油、肉桂油、薄荷油、丁香油、月桂油、百里香油、雪松叶油、肉豆蔻油、鼠尾草油、和苦杏仁油。还可用的是人工、自然或合成水果香料如香草、巧克力、咖啡、可可和柑橘属油(包括柠檬、橙、葡萄、酸橙和葡萄柚)、和水果香精(包括苹果、梨、桃、草莓、西瓜、树莓、樱桃、李子、菠萝、杏等)。这些香料可以单独或混合使用。
在香料油中的挥发性化合物可以包括,但不限于乙醛、二甲基硫醚、乙酸乙酯、丙酸乙酯、丁酸甲酯、和丁酸乙酯。含有挥发性醛或酯的香料包括,例如,乙酸肉桂基酯、肉桂醛、柠檬醛、二乙缩醛、乙酸二氢香芹酯、甲酸丁香酚酯、和对甲基苯甲醚。可以在香料油中存在的挥发性化合物的另外的实例包括乙醛(苹果);苯甲醛(樱桃、杏仁);肉桂醛(肉桂);柠檬醛,即α柠檬醛(柠檬、酸橙);橙花醛,即β柠檬醛(柠檬、酸橙);癸醛(橙、柠檬);乙基香兰素(香草、奶油);洋茉莉醛,即胡椒醛(香草、奶油);香兰素(香草、奶油);α-戊基肉桂醛(香辛水果香料);丁醛(黄油、奶酪);戊醛(黄油、奶酪);香茅醛(改性剂,多种类型);癸醛(柑橘属水果);醛C-8(柑橘属水果);醛C-9(柑橘属水果);醛C-12(柑橘属水果);2-乙基丁醛(浆果);己醛,即反式-2(浆果);甲苯基醛(樱桃、杏仁);藜芦醛(香草);2,6-二甲基-5-庚醛,即甜瓜醛(甜瓜);2-6-二甲基辛醛(绿色水果);和2-十二醛(柑橘属,桔);樱桃;或葡萄以及它们的混合物。组合物还可以含有味道调节剂和人造增甜剂。
所选择的挥发性化合物的物理、化学、和气味性质在表1中给出。
表1
*Good Scents Company和默克索引(Merck Index)第12版
香料纳米乳液还可以含有以下活性材料:
(i)味道掩蔽剂,用于掩蔽一种或多种令人不愉快的味道感觉,尤其是苦、涩和/或金属味道感觉或余味的物质。实例包括lactisol[2-O-(4-甲氧基苯基)乳酸](参考美国专利号5,045,336)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸钾盐(参考美国专利号5,643,941)、姜提取物(参考GB2,380,936)、新橙皮碱二氢查尔酮(参考Manufacturing Chemist 2000,七月发行,16-17页)、特定的黄酮(2-苯基色-2-烯-4-酮)(参考美国专利号5,580,545)、特定的核苷酸,例如胞苷-5′-单磷酸(CMP)(参考US 2002/0177576)、特定的钠盐,如氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、乙酸钠和乳酸钠(参考Nature,1997,Vol.387,563页)、β-乳球蛋白和磷脂酸的脂蛋白(参考EPA635 218)、新香叶木苷(neodiosmine)[5,7-二羟基-2-(4-甲氧基-3-羟基苯基)-7-O-新橙皮糖基-色-2-烯-4-酮](参考美国专利号4,154,862),优选根据EP 1 258 200的羟基黄烷酮,在这个方面进而优选根据WO 2005/09684的2-(4-羟基苯基)-5,7-二羟基色满-4-酮(柚皮素(naringenin))、2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-5,7-二氢色满-4-酮(圣草素(eriodictyol))、2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-5-羟基-7-甲氧基色满-4-酮(圣草素-7-甲醚)、2-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-7-羟基-5-甲氧基色满-4-酮(圣草素-5-甲醚)和2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)-5,7-二氢色满-4-酮(高圣草素(homoeriodictyol))、它们的(2S)-或(2R)-对映体或它们的混合物以及它们与作为抗衡阳离子的Na+、K+、NH4+、Ca2+、Mg2+或Al3+的单价或多价酚盐或γ-氨基丁酸(4-氨基丁酸,作为中性形式(“内部盐”)或者羧酸盐或铵形式的);
(ii)味道感觉剂,包括辛辣味道、引起分泌唾液的物质、造成温暖或发麻感觉的物质、和冷却活性成分。辛辣味道和/或引起分泌唾液的物质和/或引起在皮肤上或在粘膜上的温暖感觉和/或发麻感觉并且可以作为根据本发明的产品的成分的物质的实例是:辣椒素,二氢辣椒素,姜辣素,非洲豆蔻醇(paradol),姜烯酚(shogaol),胡椒碱,羧酸-N-香荚兰胺(vanillylamide),尤其是壬酸-N-香荚兰胺,锯齿菊除虫素(pellitorin)或千日菊素(spilanthol),2-壬酸酰胺,尤其是2-壬酸-N-异丁酰胺、2-壬酸-N-4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯酰胺,4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄醇的烷基醚,尤其是4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基-正丁基醚,4-酰氧基-3-甲氧基苄醇的烷基醚,尤其是4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基苄基-正丁基醚和4-乙酰氧基-3-甲氧基苄基-正己基醚,3-羟基-4-甲氧基苄醇的烷基醚,3,4-二甲氧基苄醇的烷基醚,3-乙氧基-4-羟基苄醇的烷基醚,3,4-亚甲基二氧基苄醇的烷基醚,(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酸酰胺,尤其是(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酸-N-正辛酰胺,香草扁桃酸烷基酰胺,阿魏酸-苯乙酰胺,烟醛,烟酸甲酯,烟酸丙酯,烟酸2-丁氧基乙酯,烟酸苄酯,1-乙酰氧基蒌叶酚,水蓼二醛(polygodial)和异十氢三甲基萘并呋喃醇(isodrimeninol),更优选根据WO 2004/000787或WO 2004/043906的顺式-和/或反式-锯齿菊除虫素,根据WO 2005/044778的烯烃羧酸-N-烷基酰胺,根据WO 03/106404的扁桃酸烷基酰胺或根据WO 2006/003210的烷氧基烷酸酰胺。优选的辛辣味道的天然提取物和/或引起在皮肤上或在粘膜上的温暖感觉和/或发麻感觉并且可以作为根据本发明的产品的成分的天然提取物的实例是:红辣椒(paprika)的提取物、辣椒(pepper)的提取物(例如辣椒(capsicum)提取物)、红辣椒(chilipepper)的提取物、姜根的提取物、非洲豆蔻(Affamomum melgueta)的提取物、金纽扣(Spilanthes-acmella)的提取物、山奈(Kaempferia galangal)的提取物或大良姜(Alpinia galanga)的提取物。适合的冷却活性成分包括以下:1-薄荷醇、d-薄荷醇、外消旋薄荷醇、薄荷酮甘油缩醛(商品名:Frescolat.RTM.MGA)、乳酸薄荷酯(商品名:Frescolat.RTM.ML,乳酸薄荷酯优选为乳酸1-薄荷酯,尤其是1-乳酸1-薄荷酯)、取代的薄荷基-3-羧酸酰胺(例如薄荷基-3-羧酸-N-乙酰胺)、2-异丙基-N-2,3-三甲基-丁酰胺、取代的环己烷羧酸酰胺、3-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、碳酸2-羟乙基薄荷酯、碳酸2-羟丙基薄荷酯、N-乙酰甘氨酸薄荷酯、异胡薄荷醇、羟基羧酸薄荷酯(例如3-羟基丁酸薄荷酯)、琥珀酸单薄荷酯、2-巯基环癸酮、2-吡咯烷-5-酮羧酸薄荷酯、2,3-二羟基-对-薄荷烷、3,3,5-三甲基环己酮甘油缩酮、3,6-二氧杂烷酸3-薄荷酯和3,6-三氧杂烷酸3-薄荷酯、甲氧基乙酸3-薄荷酯和icilin。特别优选的冷却活性成分如下:1-薄荷醇、外消旋薄荷醇、薄荷酮甘油缩醛(商品名:Frescolat.RTM.MGA)、乳酸薄荷酯(优选1-乳酸薄荷酯,尤其是1-乳酸1-薄荷酯,商品名:Frescolat.RTM.ML)、3-薄荷氧基丙烷-1,2-二醇、碳酸2-羟乙基薄荷酯、碳酸2-羟丙基薄荷酯;
(iii)维生素,包括任何维生素、其衍生物及其盐。实例如下:维生素A及其类似物和衍生物(例如,视黄醇、视黄醛、视黄醇棕榈酸酯、视黄酸、维A酸(tretinoin)和异维A酸,其统称为类视色素)、维生素E(生育酚及其衍生物)、维生素C(L-抗坏血酸及其酯和其他衍生物)、维生素B3(烟酰胺及其衍生物)、α羟基酸(比如羟基乙酸、乳酸、酒石酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸等)和β羟基酸(如水杨酸等);
(iv)抗细菌剂,包括氯苯呱哌嗪(bisguanidine)(例如,二葡萄糖酸氯己定)、二苯基化合物、苄基醇、三卤代二苯脲、季铵化合物、乙氧基化苯酚、以及苯酚化合物,如卤素取代的苯酚化合物,比如PCMX(即,对氯-间二甲苯酚)、三氯生(即,2,4,4’-三氯-2′羟基-二苯醚)、百里酚和三氯卡班;
(v)抗氧化剂,如包括β-胡罗卜素、维生素C(抗坏血酸)或其酯、维生素A或其酯、维生素E或其酯、叶黄素或其酯、木酚素、番茄红素、硒、类黄酮、维生素状抗氧化剂如辅酶Q10(CoQ10)和谷胱甘肽、以及抗氧化酶如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;
(vi)抗炎剂,包括,例如,水杨酸甲酯、阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、和萘普生(naproxen)。可用于局部使用的额外抗炎剂包括皮质类固醇,比如但不限于,氟氢缩松(flurandrenolide)、丙酸氯倍他索(clobetasol propionate)、丙酸卤倍他索(halobetasol propionate)、丙酸氟替卡松(fluticasone propionate)、二丙酸倍他米松(betamethasone dipropionate)、苯甲酸倍他米松(betamethasone benzoate)、戊酸倍他米松(betamethasone valerate)、去羟米松(desoximethasone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、二醋酸二氟拉松(diflorasone diacetate)、糠酸莫米松(mometasonefuroate)、安西奈德(amcinodine)、哈西奈德(halcinonide)、醋酸氟轻松(fluocinonide)、氟轻松(fluocinolone acetonide)、地奈德(desonide)、曲安奈德(triamcinoloneacetonide)、氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)、醋酸氢化可的松(hydrocortisone acetate)、氟甲松龙(fluoromethalone)、甲泼尼龙(methylprednisolone)和氢化波尼松(predinicarbate);
(vii)可以局部递送的麻醉剂,包括苯佐卡因(benzocaine)、氨苯丁酯(butamben)、苦味酸氨苯丁酯(butamben picrate)、可卡因(cocaine)、普鲁卡因(procaine)、丁卡因(tetracaine)、利多卡因(lidocaine)和盐酸普莫卡因(pramoxinehydrochloride);
(viii)镇痛剂,如布洛芬(ibuprofen)、双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、辣椒素(capsaicin)、和利多卡因(lidocaine);
(ix)抗真菌剂。非限制性实例是咪康唑(micanazole)、克霉唑(clotrimazole)、布康唑(butoconazole)、芬替康唑(fenticonasole)、噻康唑(tioconazole)、特康唑(terconazole)、硫康唑(sulconazole)、氟康唑(fluconazole)、卤普罗近(haloprogin)、ketonazole、酮康唑(ketoconazole)、康唑(oxinazole)、益康唑(econazole)、伊曲康唑(itraconazole)、特比萘芬(torbinafine)、制霉菌素(nystatin)和灰黄霉素(griseofulvin);
(x)抗生素,如红霉素(erythromycin)、克林霉素(clindamycin)、合霉素(synthomycin)、四环素(tetracycline)、甲硝唑(metronidazole)等;
(xi)抗病毒剂,包括泛昔洛韦(famcyclovir)、伐昔洛韦(valacyclovir)和阿昔洛韦(acyclovir);
(xii)抗寄生剂,如灭疥癣剂(scabicede),如氯菊酯(permethrin)、克罗米通(crotamiton)、林旦(lindane)和伊维菌素(ivermectin);
(xiii)抗感染/抗痤疮剂,包括苯甲酰基过氧化物、硫、间苯二酚和水杨酸;
(xiv)酶和辅酶,包括辅酶Q10、木瓜蛋白酶、脂酶、蛋白酶、超氧化物歧化酶、脱氧核糖核酸酶、胰蛋白酶、胶原酶和舒替兰酶(sutilain);
(xv)抗组胺剂,包括氯苯那敏(chlorpheniramine)、溴苯那敏(brompheniramine)、右氯苯那敏(dexchlorpheniramine)、曲普利啶(tripolidine)、氯马斯汀(clemastine)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、异丙嗪、哌嗪、哌啶、阿司咪唑(astemizole)、氯雷他定(loratadine)和特非那定(terfonadine);
(xvi)化疗剂,如5-氟尿嘧啶、马索罗酚(masoprocol)、氮芥(mechlorethamine)、环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide)、长春新碱(vincristine)、苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil)、链佐星(streptozocin)、甲氨蝶呤、博来霉素(bleomycin)、更生霉素(dactinomycin)、柔红霉素(daunorubicin)、coxorubicin和他莫昔芬(tamoxifen);并且
除了以上列出的活性材料之外,本发明的产品还可以含有,例如,以下染料、着色剂或颜料:乳黄素(核黄素)、β-胡罗卜素、核黄素-5′-磷酸、α-胡罗卜素、γ-胡罗卜素、角黄素、赤藓红、姜黄色素、喹啉黄、黄橙S、酒石黄、胭脂树橙、降胭脂树橙(annatto、orlean)、辣椒红素、辣椒玉红素、番茄红素、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜素醛、β-阿朴-8′-胡萝卜酸乙酯、叶黄素类(毛莨黄素、叶黄素、隐黄素、玉红黄素、紫黄素、紫衫红素)、坚牢胭脂红(胭脂红酸、洋红)、偶氮玉红、洋红A(丽春红4R)、甜菜根红、甜菜红、花青素、苋菜红、专利蓝V、靛蓝I(靛蓝-胭脂红)、叶绿素、叶绿素的铜化合物、酸亮绿BS(丽丝胺绿)、亮黑BN、植物碳、二氧化钛、铁氧化物和氢氧化物、碳酸钙、铝、银、金、颜料宝红BK(立索尔(lithol)宝红BK)、甲基紫B、维多利亚蓝R、维多利亚蓝B、阿西仑(acilan)亮蓝FFR(亮羊毛蓝FFR)、萘酚绿B、阿西仑坚牢绿10G(碱坚牢绿10G)、ceres黄GRN、苏丹蓝II、深蓝、酞菁蓝、酞菁绿、坚牢酸紫R。另外的天然获得的提取物(例如红辣椒提取物、黑胡萝卜提取物、红球甘蓝提取物)可以用于着色目的。还利用以下列所谓的铝色淀命名的颜色实现了良好的结果:FD&C黄5色淀、FD&C蓝2色淀、FD&C蓝1色淀、酒石黄色淀、喹啉黄色淀、FD&C黄6色淀、FD&C红40色淀、日落黄色淀、Carmoisine色淀、苋菜红色淀、丽春红4R色淀、赤鲜红色淀、红2G色淀、Allura红色淀、专利蓝V色淀、靛蓝胭脂红色淀、亮蓝色淀、棕HT色淀、黑PN色淀、绿S色淀以及它们的混合物。
辅助材料
除了活性材料之外,本发明还预期了结合一种或多种辅助材料,包括溶剂、润肤剂、溶解度调节剂、密度调节剂、稳定剂、粘度调节剂、pH调节剂、或它们的任何组合。这些调节剂可以在水性相或油相中存在。
一种或多种辅助材料可以以基于香料纳米乳液的重量0.01%至25%(例如,0.5%至10%)的量加入。
(i)溶剂。优选的溶剂材料是疏水性的并且可与活性材料溶混。溶剂增加各种活性材料的相容性,增加含有活性材料的混合物的整体疏水性,影响蒸气压,或者用于构建混合物。应该指出的是,选择彼此具有高亲和力的溶剂和活性材料将会得到稳定性的提高。示例性的溶剂是甘油三酯油、甘油单酯和二酯、矿物油、硅油、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚α烯烃、蓖麻油、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、单酯、二酯和三酯以及它们的混合物、脂肪酸、和甘油。脂肪酸链可以在C4-C26的范围内并且可以具有任何不饱和水平。例如,可以使用以下溶剂中的一种:被称为NEOBEE M5(Stepan Corporation)的癸酸/辛酸甘油三酯;Abitec Corporation的CAPMUL系列(例如,CAPMUL MCM);肉豆蔻酸异丙酯;聚甘油低聚物的脂肪酸酯,例如R2CO-[OCH2-CH(OCOR1)-CH2O-]n,其中R1和R2可以是H或C4-C26脂族链、或其混合物,并且n在2和50、优选2和30之间的范围内;非离子脂肪醇烷氧基化物,比如BASF的NEODOL表面活性剂;ShellCorporation的dobanol表面活性剂或Stepan的BIO-SOFT表面活性剂,其中烷氧基是乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、或其混合物并且所述表面活性剂可以用甲基封端从而增加其疏水性;含有非离子、阴离子和阳离子表面活性剂二和三脂肪酸链、以及它们的混合物;聚乙二醇、聚丙二醇、和聚丁二醇的脂肪酸酯、或其混合物;聚α烯烃如EXXONMOBIL PURESYM PAO线;酯如EXXONMOBIL PURESYN酯;矿物油;硅油如聚二甲基硅氧烷和聚二甲基环硅氧烷;邻苯二甲酸二乙酯;己二酸二辛酯和己二酸二异癸酯。在某些实施方案中,酯油在分子中具有至少一个酯基。可用于本发明的一类常用酯油是脂肪酸单酯或聚酯,例如辛酸鲸蜡酯、异壬酸辛酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、己二酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、油酸癸酯、异硬脂酸胆固醇酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、乳酸烷基酯、柠檬酸烷基酯和酒石酸烷基酯;蔗糖酯和聚酯、山梨糖醇酯等。第二类可用的酯油主要由甘油三酯和改性甘油三酯组成。这些包括植物油如霍霍巴(jojoba)、大豆、菜籽、葵花、红花、米糠、鳄梨、杏仁、橄榄、芝麻、桃仁、蓖麻、椰子和貂油。也可以使用合成的甘油三酯,前提是它们在室温下为液体。改性甘油三酯包括如乙氧基化和马来化甘油三酯衍生物的材料,前提是它们为液体。专有的酯共混物,如由FINETEX以FINSOLV销售的那些也是适合的,如乙基已酸甘油酯。第三类酯油是通过二羧酸和二醇的反应形成的液体聚酯。适用于本发明的聚酯的实例是由EXXONMOBIL以商品名PURESYN ESTER销售的聚酯。
(ii)作为润肤剂的甘油三酯和改性甘油三酯。这些包括植物油如霍霍巴(jojoba)、大豆、菜籽、葵花、红花、米糠、鳄梨、杏仁、橄榄、芝麻、桃仁、蓖麻、椰子和貂油。
(iii)酯油在分子中具有至少一个酯基。可用于本发明的一类常用酯油是脂肪酸单酯或聚酯,例如辛酸鲸蜡酯、异壬酸辛酯、乳酸肉豆蔻酯、乳酸鲸蜡酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、肉豆蔻酸肉豆蔻酯、棕榈酸异丙酯、己二酸异丙酯、硬脂酸丁酯、油酸癸酯、异硬脂酸胆固醇酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、二硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、乳酸烷基酯、柠檬酸烷基酯和酒石酸烷基酯。
(iv)作为通过二羧酸和二醇的反应形成的液体聚酯的酯油。适用于本发明的聚酯的实例是由ExxonMobil以商品名PURESYN ESTER.RTM销售的聚酯,疏水性植物提取物。
(v)有机硅包括,例如直链和环状聚二甲基硅氧烷,氨基改性的、烷基、芳基、和烷芳基硅油。
(vi)低/非挥发性烃
(vii)溶解度调节剂。溶解度调节剂的非限制性实例包括表面活性剂(例如,SLS和Tween 80)、酸性化合物(例如,无机酸如硫酸、盐酸、硝酸、和磷酸,以及羧酸如乙酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖酸、葡庚糖酸、和乳酸)、碱性化合物(例如,氨、碱金属和碱土金属金属氢氧化物、伯、仲或叔胺、以及伯、仲或叔烷醇胺)、乙醇、甘油、葡萄糖、半乳糖、肌醇、甘露糖醇、半乳糖醇(glactitol)、核糖醇、阿拉伯糖醇、和氨基酸。
(viii)密度调节剂。使用已知的密度调节剂或技术,如在专利申请公布WO 2000/059616、EP 1 502 646、和EP 2 204 155中描述的那些,可以调节香料油液滴和香料纳米乳液的密度以使得纳米乳液具有基本上均匀的分布。适合的密度调节剂包括疏水性材料和具有所需分子量(例如,高于约12,000)的材料,如硅油、蜡膏、植物油(尤其是葵花籽油和油菜籽油)、和具有所需密度(例如,在25℃下小于约1,000Kg/m3)的疏水性溶剂,如柠檬烯和辛烷。
(ix)稳定剂。在一些实施方案中,加入稳定剂(例如,胶体稳定剂)以使乳液稳定。胶体稳定剂的实例是聚乙烯醇、纤维素衍生物如羟乙基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷、聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯或聚环氧丙烷的共聚物、或丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的共聚物。
(x)粘度控制剂。可以在香料纳米乳液中包含粘度控制剂(例如,悬浮剂),其可以是聚合物或胶体(例如,改性纤维素聚合物如甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、疏水改性的羟乙基纤维素、和交联丙烯酸酯聚合物如卡波姆(Carbomer)、疏水改性的聚醚)。任选地,基于香料纳米乳液的重量,可以以0.01至20%、更优选0.5至5%的浓度包含二氧化硅,不论是疏水性的还是亲水性的。疏水性二氧化硅的实例包括其表面用卤素硅烷处理的硅烷醇、烷氧基硅烷、硅氮烷、和硅氧烷,如可从Degussa获得的SIPERNAT D17、AEROSIL R972和R974。示例性的亲水性二氧化硅是AEROSIL 200、SIPERNAT 22S、SIPERNAT 50S(可从Degussa获得)、和SYLOID 244(可从Grace Davison获得)。
(xi)pH调节剂。在一些实施方案中,在纳米乳液中包含一种或多种pH调节剂以调节pH。示例性的pH调节剂包括金属氢氧化物(例如,LiOH、NaOH、KOH、和Mg(OH)2)、金属碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐(CsCO3Li2CO3、K2CO3、NaHCO3、和CaCO3)、金属磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐/磷酸二氢盐、金属硫酸盐、氨、无机酸(HCl、H2SO4、H3PO4、和HNO3)、羧酸(例如,乙酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、苯甲酸、和磺酸)、和氨基酸。
辅助材料的水平可以以0.01至25%(例如,0.5%至10%)或大于10%(例如,大于30%和大于70%)的水平存在。
本发明的其他修改对本领域技术人员来说将会是显而易见的。应理解这样的修改在本发明的范围内。另外,除非另外指定,所有份数、百分数、比例、和比率在本文中和在权利要求中通常是指基于重量。
除非另外指出,所有份数、百分数和比例在本文中和在权利要求中是指基于重量。
在本文中所公开的值和尺寸不应被理解为被严格限制为所叙述的确切数值。反而,除非另外指定,每个这样的值意在表示所叙述的值和在该值附近的功能上等同的范围二者。例如,作为“50%”公开的值意在表示“约50%”。
在本文中引用的所有出版物通过整体引用结合。
通过以下非限制性实施例更详细地描述了本发明。
实施例1
按照以下所述的工序制备本发明的香料纳米乳液,即乳液I。
通过将420克的山梨糖醇、170克的甘油、和172克的丙二醇溶解在180克的水中得到水性相,接着在使用L4RT型号Silverson高剪切混合器(SILVERSON)以6,500rpm进行高剪切混合3分钟的情况下加入25克的TweenTM60(聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯,可商购自Croda,Edison,NJ)。在单独的烧瓶中,通过混合3克标准液体卵磷脂(约4的HLB)和30克的柠檬香料(国际香料和香精公司(International Flavors and Frances),Union Beach,NJ)制备油相。随后,通过在以6,500rpm进行高剪切混合3分钟的情况下混合油相和水性相来形成预乳液。在高压微流化器(型号M-110P,Microfluidics,Westwood,MA)中,在5,000psi下将预乳液进一步处理三遍以得到1,000克的乳液I。
使用AquaLab露点水分活度计(型号4TEV,Decagon Devices,Inc.,Pullman,Washington,USA)测量水分活度。乳液I具有0.53的水分活度。
实施例2
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备本发明的另一种纳米乳液,乳液II,不同之处在于使用3克的酶改性卵磷脂SOLEC K-EML(可商购自杜邦营养与健康(DuPont Nutrition&Health),St.Louis,MO,USA,约8的HLB)代替标准液体卵磷脂。
比较乳液
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备比较乳液I’,不同之处在于不使用标准液体卵磷脂并且加入额外3克的甘油以使得乳液的总重量仍为1000克。
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备比较乳液II’,不同之处在于(i)使用24克的酶改性卵磷脂ALCOLEC C LPC20(America Lecithin Company,Oxford,CT,USA)代替TweenTM60,(ii)将标准液体卵磷脂的量减少至2.4克,并且(iii)将甘油的量增加至171.6克。
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备比较乳液III’,不同之处在于(i)使用35克的分馏卵磷脂ALCOLEC PC75(America Lecithin Company,Oxford,CT,USA)代替TweenTM60,(ii)将标准液体卵磷脂的量减少至2.4克,并且(iii)将甘油的量减少至160.6克。
实施例3和4:酒精饮料
按照以下所述的工序制备本发明的饮料,即饮料A。更具体地,将0.1%(重量/体积)的乳液I加入至酒精饮料溶液(8%酒精)中,其通过用水以1∶3比率(糖浆∶水)稀释酒精糖浆而制备。酒精糖浆配方在以下表2中给出。
表2
在时间零和在1天后使用浊度计(HACH型号2100Q0)以由美国环境保护局规定的比浊测量法浊度单位(“NTU”)的单位测量饮料的浊度。按照浊度计的所有者说明手册的“浊度测量”部分中描述的工序进行测量。结果在以下表3中示出。
按照与饮料A相同的工序制备饮料B,不同之处在于使用乳液II代替乳液I。
分别使用比较乳液I’、II’、和III’制备比较饮料A’、B’、和B”。
测量饮料B和比较饮料A’的浊度。结果在以下表3中示出。
表3
浊度(NTU) | 饮料A | 饮料B | 比较饮料A’ | 比较饮料B’ | 比较饮料B” |
时间0 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 4.1 | 14.7 | 23.6 |
1天后 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 8.7 | 15.2 |
如在以上表3中所示,不论是在时间零还是在一天后,本发明的饮料A和B中的每一种都意外地具有比比较例低得多的浊度。
实施例5和6:非酒精性饮料
按照以下所述的工序制备本发明的饮料,即饮料C。更具体地,将0.1%(重量/体积)的乳液I与非酒精饮料溶液混合,其利用以下表4中所示的配方制备。
在零时间和1天后测量饮料H的浊度。
表4
成分 | g/L |
乳液 | 1 |
糖浆67。Brix | 150 |
柠檬酸50%溶液 | 3 |
水 | 定量至1L |
按照与饮料C相同的工序制备本发明的饮料D,不同之处在于使用乳液II代替乳液I。
按照与饮料C相同的工序制备比较饮料C’,不同之处在于使用比较乳液I’代替乳液III。
测量饮料D和比较饮料C’的浊度并且在以下表5中示出。
表5
实施例7-10:具有不同TweenTM60水平的乳液
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液III,不同之处在于使用3克(代替25克)的TweenTM60。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯TweenTM60和卵磷脂之间的比率是1∶1,并且聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯与香料油之间的比率是1∶10。相应地增加甘油的量以保持1000克的最终产品重量。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液IV,不同之处在于使用6克(代替25克)的TweenTM60。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯TweenTM60和卵磷脂之间的比率是2∶1,并且聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯与香料油之间的比率是1∶5。相应地增加甘油的量以保持1000克的最终产品重量。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液V,不同之处在于使用30克(代替25克)的TweenTM60。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯TweenTM60和卵磷脂之间的比率是10∶1,并且聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯与香料油之间的比率是1∶1。相应地减少甘油的量以保持1000克的最终产品重量。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液VI,不同之处在于使用60克(代替25克)的TweenTM60。聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯TweenTM60和卵磷脂之间的比率是20∶1,并且聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯与香料油之间的比率是2∶1。相应地减少甘油的量以保持1000克的最终产品重量。
实施例11-14:酒精饮料
按照以上实施例3中描述的工序分别使用乳液III、IV、V、和VI制备本发明的饮料E、F、G、和H,不同之处在于使用不同的乳液。
测量这四种饮料的浊度。结果连同以上实施例4中描述的饮料B总结在以下表6中。
表6
浊度(NTU) | 饮料E | 饮料F | 饮料B | 饮料G | 饮料H |
时间0 | 5.8 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 1.7 |
1天后 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
如在表6中所示,在储存一天后,饮料B和E-H意外地具有小于2NTU的浊度。注意,在这五种饮料中,聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂之间的比率在1∶1至20∶1的范围内。
实施例15-17:含有两种聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯的乳液
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液VII,不同之处在于(i)使用12.5克的TweenTM60和12.5克的TweenTM80代替25克的TweenTM60。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液VIII,不同之处在于(i)使用12.5克的TweenTM60和12.5克的TweenTM20代替25克的TweenTM60。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液IX,不同之处在于(i)使用12.5克的TweenTM20和12.5克的TweenTM80代替25克的TweenTM60和(ii)甘油的量。
实施例18-20:由乳液VII至IX制备的酒精饮料
按照以上实施例4中描述的工序分别使用乳液VII、VIII、和IX制备本发明的饮料J、K、和L。测量这三种饮料的浊度。结果连同饮料B在以下表7中示出。
表7
如在以上表7中所示,在时间0和1天后,四种饮料各自具有小于2NTU的浊度。
实施例21-22:具有抗泡剂的乳液
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液X,不同之处在于在高剪切混合之后但是在高压均质化之前,在水性相中加入30克的水可分散抗泡剂HI MAR S-010FG K(10%有机硅乳液,Hi-Mar Specialty Chemicals,L.L.C.,Milwaukee,WI,USA)。将甘油的量减少30克。
按照与乳液II相同的工序制备本发明的乳液XI,不同之处在于在高剪切混合之前,在香料油相中加入5克的油溶性抗泡剂XIAMETER ACP-1500(Dow CorningCorporation,Auburn,MI,USA)。将甘油的量减少5克。在高压均质化中在7,000psi下对预乳液进一步处理三遍。
实施例23-24:由乳液X和XI制备的非酒精饮料
按照与饮料C相同的工序分别使用乳液X和XI制备本发明的饮料M和N,不同之处在于使用不同的乳液。测量饮料S和饮料T的浊度并且在以下表8中示出。
表8
浊度(NTU) | 饮料M | 饮料N |
时间0 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
1天后 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
实施例25和26:稳定性实施例
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备本发明的乳液XII,不同之处在于(i)使用17克的TweenTM80代替25克的TweenTM60,(ii)将甘油的量增加至250克,并且(iii)将丙二醇的量减少至100克。
乳液XII具有利用AquaLab露点水分活度计测量的0.53的水分活度。
按照与饮料C相同的工序制备本发明的饮料O,不同之处在于使用乳液XII代替乳液I。
按照与乳液I相同的工序制备比较乳液XII,不同之处在于使用15克的蔗糖单棕榈酸酯P90(可商购自Compass Foods,Singapore)代替TweenTM60,(ii)将甘油的量增加至252克,并且(iii)将丙二醇的量减少至100克。
按照与饮料C相同的工序制备比较饮料O’,不同之处在于使用比较乳液XII代替乳液I。
针对稳定性品尝饮料O和比较饮料O’。结果显示,当在37℃下储存时,饮料O意外地在16周内稳定,这等同于在室温下储存16个月。相比之下,当在37℃下储存时,比较饮料O’在6周后变得不稳定。
其他实施方案
本说明书中所公开的全部特征可以以任何组合方式进行组合。本说明书中所公开的各个特征可以被提供相同、等价、或类似目的的备选特征替换。因此,除非另外明确指出,所公开的各个特征仅是一系列等价或类似特征的一个实例。
实际上,为了制备香料纳米乳液,本领域技术人员可以选择不同的香料、溶剂、聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂的含量和比率、助溶剂、以及饮料中香料的加载量。此外,技术人员还可以选择其他辅助材料和适合的稳定剂。
根据以上描述,技术人员可以容易地确定本发明的基本特征,并且在不背离其精神和范围的情况下,可以做出本发明的多种变化和修改以使其适应多种用途和情况。因此,其他实施方案也在权利要求的范围内。
Claims (17)
1.一种香料纳米乳液,所述香料纳米乳液包含多个油滴、水性相、和表面活性剂体系,
其中,
具有0.1至500nm的液滴尺寸的所述油滴中的每一个含有香料并且分散在所述水性相中,
所述水性相含有水和助溶剂,
所述表面活性剂体系包含聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和卵磷脂,
所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯具有9至20的HLB,并且
所述卵磷脂具有4至16的HLB。
2.权利要求1所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述表面活性剂体系以0.1至20%的水平存在并且所述香料以1至20%的水平存在。
3.权利要求1或2所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯是聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单棕榈酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、或它们的组合。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述卵磷脂是天然的、脱油的、分馏的、或酶改性的。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯和所述卵磷脂之间的重量比是30∶1至1∶5,所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯以0.05至15%的水平存在,并且所述卵磷脂以0.05至5%的水平存在。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述助溶剂是多元醇,并且水和所述多元醇之间的重量比是1∶95至1∶3,或优选1∶20至1∶5。
7.权利要求6所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述多元醇是丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、甘油、丁二醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、或它们的组合。
8.权利要求7所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述多元醇是丙二醇、甘油和山梨糖醇的混合物,丙二醇以5至25%的水平存在,甘油以0.1至35%的水平存在,并且山梨糖醇以25至65%的水平存在。
9.权利要求1-8中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,所述香料纳米乳液还包含消泡剂。
10.权利要求9所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述消泡剂是有机硅乳液抗泡剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷抗泡剂、2-辛醇、蜡膏、啤酒花脂质、海藻酸盐、矿物油、脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、或它们的组合。
11.权利要求1-10中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述纳米乳液具有0.7以下的水分活度。
12.权利要求11所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述纳米乳液含有水25%以下,优选20%以下,并且更优选15%以下,水分活度是0.65以下,或优选0.6以下。
13.权利要求1-12中任一项所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述油滴各自还含有油溶性维生素、油溶性着色剂、抗氧化剂、味道调节剂、口感调节剂、或它们的组合。
14.权利要求13所述的香料纳米乳液,其中所述味道调节剂是酸掩蔽剂、冷却剂、辛辣味道、增甜剂、增咸剂、引起分泌唾液的物质、引起温暖或发麻感觉的物质、或它们的组合。
15.一种包含权利要求1所述的香料纳米乳液的液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物,其中所述液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物具有10NTU以下的浊度。
16.权利要求15所述的液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物,所述液体饮料或液体饮料浓缩物还包含酒精。
17.一种制备权利要求1所述的纳米乳液的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)提供含有聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯、水和助溶剂的水性相,
(b)提供含有香料和卵磷脂的油相,以及
(c)将所述油相乳化至所述水性相中,从而得到所述纳米乳液,
其中所述聚乙氧基化脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯具有9至20的HLB,并且所述卵磷脂具有4至16的HLB。
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- 2015-10-20 ES ES15852283T patent/ES2811123T3/es active Active
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BR112017008161A2 (pt) | 2018-02-20 |
ES2866179T3 (es) | 2021-10-19 |
EP3590352A1 (en) | 2020-01-08 |
MX2017005138A (es) | 2018-02-12 |
ES2811123T3 (es) | 2021-03-10 |
CN107105708A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
MX2017005139A (es) | 2017-12-04 |
BR112017008023A2 (pt) | 2018-02-20 |
EP3209137B1 (en) | 2019-12-18 |
EP3209146A4 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
US20170247647A1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
BR112017008067A2 (pt) | 2018-02-20 |
EP3209146A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
US20170311632A1 (en) | 2017-11-02 |
CN118240888A (zh) | 2024-06-25 |
WO2016064848A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
WO2016064883A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
MX2017005028A (es) | 2017-12-04 |
EP3209142A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3209146B1 (en) | 2020-05-20 |
EP3209142B1 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
EP3209137A4 (en) | 2018-05-23 |
US20180295852A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
US11388907B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
EP3590352B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
EP3209137A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
EP3209142A4 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
CN107105694A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
WO2016064828A1 (en) | 2016-04-28 |
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