CN107051431B - 一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
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- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液及其制备方法,活性涂液包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂,所述溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,所述溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成;所述活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.3‑0.4mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。本发明提供了一种析氯速度快、电解效率高、运行成本低、节能环保的用于次氯酸钠发生器的析氯电极的活性涂液。本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,该制备方法步骤简单、容易操作,便于大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种析氯电极,具体涉及一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液及其制备方法。
背景技术
水是生命之源,随着地球上水资源的不断被污染和水资源的不断缺乏,消毒水处理显得越来越重要,目前,从水体消毒的种类来说,有氯气、次氯酸钠、氯胺、紫外线灯消毒模式;以上几种消毒模式中,由于近年来地下水质中各种有机物含量的增加,运用氯气消毒会产生三卤甲烷等致突变与癌变的有机化合物;氯胺消毒则需要较长的接触时间,操作比较复杂,并且氯胺杀菌效果差;而紫外线灭菌作用只在其辐照期间内有效,被处理的水一旦离开消毒器便不具有残余的消毒能力,若有细菌未被灭活,则很容易粘附在下游管道,造成二次污染;次氯酸钠是一种强氧化剂,能杀死水中的病菌,而且次氯酸钠不稳定,容易分解为氯气,氯气扩散到大气中,对水体及环境污染较小,因此与其他消毒技术相比,优势明显,但目前市场上的次氯酸钠发生器存在电耗和盐耗太高,导致运行成本太高,从而严重制约其大规模应用,究其根本原因,在于次氯酸钠发生器电极析氯效率太低。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种析氯速度快、电解效率高、运行成本低、节能环保的用于次氯酸钠发生器的析氯电极的活性涂液。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,该制备方法步骤简单、容易操作,便于大规模工业化生产。
实现本发明的目的可以通过采取如下技术方案达到:
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂,所述溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,所述溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成;所述活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.3-0.4mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
优选地,所述溶剂中正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1。
优选地,所述稳定剂为浓盐酸。
优选地,所述析氯加速剂由含钕化合物、含铕化合物、含镱化合物、含钆化合物、含镝化合物中的两种或两种以上组成。
优选地,所述活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,钌离子(Ru4+)所占溶液中的金属离子比例为16-23mol%,铱离子(Ir4+)所占溶液中金属离子比例为9-15mol%,钛离子(Ti4+)所占溶液中金属离子比例为61-74mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为1-3mol%。
优选地,所述活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为23mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为12mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为62mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%。
优选地,所述析氯加速剂由含铕化合物、含镱化合物、含镝化合物组成,析氯加速剂中,铕离子(Eu3+)、镱离子(Yb3+)、镝离子(Dy3+)的摩尔比为8:13:9。
本发明还提供一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)准备溶剂、溶质和稳定剂所需原料,按配比分别配制溶剂、溶质备用;
2)将溶质依次加入溶剂中,充分溶解后,再将稳定剂倒入,混合均匀,即可。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明的提供一种析氯速度快、电解效率高、运行成本低、节能环保的用于次氯酸钠发生器的析氯电极的活性涂液;
2、本发明的活性涂液中氧化钌作为电催化剂,氧化依作为稳定剂,氧化钛作为粘合剂的以及析氯加速剂,该析氯加速剂主要由稀土元素Nd、Eu、Yb、Gd、Dy中的两种或两种以上的氧化物组成,将该加速剂引入到次氯酸钠发生器电极中,由于在烧结过程中稀土元素Nd、Eu、Yb、Gd、Dy可以以置换或者添隙的方式进入RuO2晶格內,Nd3+、Eu3+、Yb3+、Gd3+、Dy3+等比Ru4+的价态低,从电荷平衡角度考虑,低于四价的稀土掺杂将导致RuO2晶体中氧空位缺陷增多,电催化活性,此外,稀土离子半径较大,掺杂后使得RuO2晶体膨胀,晶体内电子空位增加,极大的增加了活性点数量,使得电极析氯效率显著增加,同时,稀土元素Nd、Eu、Yb、Gd、Dy都具有独特的4f电子结构,而且离子半径和电子能级十分接近,复合掺杂以上稀土元素能够起到良好的协同催化作用,因此,能够显著促进次氯酸钠发生器的析氯反应、提高析氯效率,从而降低了次氯酸钠发生器的运行成本;
3、本发明的用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,该制备方法步骤简单、容易操作,便于大规模工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的活性涂液引入到次氯酸钠发生器电极的扫描电子显微结构图。
具体实施方式
下面,结合具体实施方式,对本发明做进一步描述:
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂;溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;稳定剂为浓盐酸;溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成,析氯加速剂由含钕化合物、含铕化合物、含镱化合物、含钆化合物、含镝化合物中的两种或两种以上组成;活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.3-0.4mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
含钕化合物为氯化钕、硝酸钕、硫酸钕、碳酸钕中的一种或两种以上。
含铕化合物为氯化铕、硝酸铕、硫酸铕、碳酸铕中的一种或两种以上。
含镱化合物为氯化镱、硝酸镱、硫酸镱、碳酸镱中的一种或两种以上。
含钆化合物为氯化钆、硝酸钆、硫酸钆、碳酸钆中的一种或两种以上。
含镝化合物为氯化镝、硝酸镝、硫酸镝、碳酸镝中的一种或两种以上。
活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为16-23mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为9-15mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为61-74mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为1-3mol%。
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)准备溶剂、溶质和稳定剂所需原料,按配比分别配制溶剂、溶质备用;
2)将溶质依次加入溶剂中,充分溶解后,再将稳定剂倒入,混合均匀,即可。
实施例1
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂;溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;稳定剂为浓盐酸;溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成,析氯加速剂由氯化钕、硝酸铕组成;活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.3mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为17mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为9mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为72mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%;析氯加速剂中Nd3+、Eu3+的摩尔比为3:2,各离子摩尔百分含量,Nd3+为0.8%,Eu3+为1.2%。
实施例2
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂;溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;稳定剂为浓盐酸;溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成,析氯加速剂由氯化铕、硫酸镱组成;活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.35mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为19mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为11mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为68mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%;析氯加速剂中Eu3+、Yb3+的摩尔比为11:9,各离子摩尔百分含量,Eu3+为1.1%,Yb3+为9%。
实施例3
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂;溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;稳定剂为浓盐酸;溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成,析氯加速剂由碳酸钆、硝酸镝组成,活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.35mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为21mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为11mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为66mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%;析氯加速剂中Gd3+、Dy3+的质量比为2:3,各离子摩尔百分含量,Gd3+为0.8%,Dy3+为1.2%。
实施例4
一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂;溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;稳定剂为浓盐酸;溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成,析氯加速剂由碳酸铕、氯化镱、硝酸镝组成,活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.4mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1。
活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,Ru4+所占溶液中的金属离子比例为23mol%,Ir4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为12mol%,Ti4+所占溶液中金属离子比例为62mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%;析氯加速剂中Eu3+、Yb3+、Dy3+的摩尔比为8:13:9,各离子摩尔百分含量,Eu3+为0.8%,Yb3+为1.3%,Dy3+为0.9%。
实验例:
将实施例1-4的活性涂液引入到次氯酸钠发生器电极中,测试次氯酸钠发生器电极的析氯反应、析氯效率的影响。
实验步骤如下:
(1)采用钛含量99.9%、厚度为1mm的钛板作为基体,将钛板喷砂打磨去除氧化层之后,置于浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中震荡30min,然后用浓度为20%的草酸溶液对钛板进行蚀刻2h,清洗后置于乙醇溶液中待用;
(2)活性涂液配制:以正丁醇:异丙醇=2:1的混合溶液作为溶剂,以三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯、析氯加速剂为溶质,以浓盐酸作为稳定剂,配置成活性涂液;其中,活性涂液为实施例1-4的活性涂液;
(3)将配置的活性涂液涂敷在经过预处理的钛基体上,放入恒温干燥箱中150℃干燥15min后,放入马弗炉中450℃空气气氛中烧结10min后取出冷却至室温,重复涂覆20次;最后将涂覆好的试样在450℃下烧结60min,随炉冷却至室温;
(4)测试析氯电位、析氯极化率、电位差、循环伏安电量。
对比例
另外,还设置对比例,对比例步骤如下:
(1)采用钛含量99.9%、厚度为1mm的钛板作为基体,将钛板喷砂打磨去除氧化层之后,置于浓度为10%的NaOH溶液中震荡30min,然后用浓度为20%的草酸溶液对钛板进行蚀刻2h,清洗后置于乙醇溶液中待用;
(2)活性涂液配制:以正丁醇:异丙醇=2:1的混合溶液作为溶剂,以三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯为溶质,以浓盐酸作为稳定剂,配置成活性涂层溶液;
(3)将配置的活性涂液涂敷在经过预处理的钛基体上,放入恒温干燥箱中150℃干燥15min后,放入马弗炉中450℃空气气氛中烧结10min后取出冷却至室温,重复涂覆20次;最后将涂覆好的试样在450℃下烧结60min,随炉冷却至室温;
(4)测试析氯电位、析氯极化率、电位差、循环伏安电量。
测试结果如表1所示:
表1各电极测量效果对比
由表1可见,对比例与实施例1-4相比,对比例的电极的电位差、循环伏安电量均小于实施例1-4的电极,而析氯电位、析氯极化率均大于实施例1-4的电极,由此可见,本发明的活性涂液引入到次氯酸钠发生器电极中,能够显著促进次氯酸钠发生器的析氯反应、提高析氯效率,从而降低了次氯酸钠发生器的运行成本,降低了次氯酸钠发生器在运行过程中电耗和盐耗;实施例1-4中,实施例4为最优实施例。
参照图1,由实施例1的活性涂液引入到的次氯酸钠发生器电极的扫描电子显微结构图可以看出,电极涂层晶粒细小,裂纹均匀,因此涂层具有很大的比表面积,活性点数量很多,从而使得电极的电催化活性增大,析氯效率提高。
对于本领域的技术人员来说,可根据以上描述的技术方案以及构思,做出其它各种相应的改变以及变形,而所有的这些改变以及变形都应该属于本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于析氯电极的活性涂液,其特征在于,包括溶剂、溶质和稳定剂,所述溶剂由正丁醇、异丙醇组成,所述溶质由三氯化钌、氯铱酸、钛酸四丁酯和析氯加速剂组成;所述活性涂液中的金属离子浓度为0.3-0.4mol/L,溶剂与稳定剂体积比为10:1;
所述溶剂中正丁醇、异丙醇的质量比为2:1;
所述析氯加速剂由含钕化合物、含铕化合物、含镱化合物、含钆化合物、含镝化合物中的两种或两种以上组成;
所述活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,钌离子所占溶液中的金属离子比例为16-23mol%,铱离子所占溶液中金属离子比例为9-15mol%,钛离子所占溶液中金属离子比例为61-74mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为1-3mol%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于析氯电极的活性涂液,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为浓盐酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于析氯电极的活性涂液,其特征在于,所述活性涂液中,按金属离子摩尔百分比计,钌离子所占溶液中的金属离子比例为23mol%,铱离子所占溶液中金属离子比例为12mol%,钛离子所占溶液中金属离子比例为62mol%,析氯加速剂所占溶液中金属离子比例为2mol%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于析氯电极的活性涂液,其特征在于,所述析氯加速剂由含铕化合物、含镱化合物、含镝化合物组成,析氯加速剂中,铕离子、镱离子、镝离子的摩尔比为8:13:9。
5.一种根据权利要求1所述的用于析氯电极的活性涂液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)准备溶剂、溶质和稳定剂所需原料,按配比分别配制溶剂、溶质备用;
2)将溶质依次加入溶剂中,充分溶解后,再将稳定剂倒入,混合均匀,即可。
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