CN107047410A - A kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107047410A CN107047410A CN201710323530.3A CN201710323530A CN107047410A CN 107047410 A CN107047410 A CN 107047410A CN 201710323530 A CN201710323530 A CN 201710323530A CN 107047410 A CN107047410 A CN 107047410A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 241000371997 Eriocheir sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/042—Introducing gases into the water, e.g. aerators, air pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method, belong to aquaculture field.Step is as follows：(1) pond desilting is sterilized；(2) sunshade, heating canopy are built, micro-pore aeration formula flowing water aerator etc. is set up；(3) water plant is transplanted；(4) crab species are delivered to temperature raising Zan Yang areas；(5) spiral shell is delivered；(6) natural temperature is stable after 18 DEG C, removes heating canopy, complete pool cultivated；(7) unified with nature temperature, light sensation intensity, dissolved oxygen meter reading, start sunshade and aerator；(8) bait management, water temperature, pasture and water, Water-quality control, prevention of damage by disease etc. are carried out into crab growth phase；(9) biological agent is periodically used；(10) commodity crab sale is fished for.Pond water temperature and breeding ecological in the controllable Eriocheir sinensis growth course of the present invention, improve unit of water body dissolved oxygen content, increase unit area crab species injected volume, optimize USE RIGHT OF LAND FLOWING, can be effectively increased the yield and benefit of unit area.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of controlled ecological the invention belongs to aquatic products field, more particularly to steamed crab cultivation field
Steamed crab high-yield cultivation method.
Background technology
Steamed crab also known as Eriocheir sinensis, its fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, protein content are high, fat is low, deep by consumer
Like.In recent years being widelyd popularize in working each side under publicity, steamed crab has progressively gone on the dining table of huge numbers of families, become its people
The glutton's cuisines all known.With being continuously increased for the market demand, steamed crab cultivation scale is also expanding rapidly.According to effective statistical number
According to, national river crab total output reaches 750,000 tons within 2014, though 2015,2016 years influenceed the slightly underproduction by weather, total output also reaches
To 600,000 tons or so, the output value has exceeded 70,000,000,000 yuan.
At present, national steamed crab cultured area has exceeded 7,000,000 mu, and the only province of Jiangsu one has just exceeded 3,700,000 mu, Hubei, river
Also there is cultivation in west, Zhejiang, Shandong, the area such as Liaoning.But because of various regions climatic factor, geographical conditions, the influence such as the market demand
Aquaculture model is also not quite similar.Mainly have：Gaochun area 700-1000 only/the ecology crab farming pattern of mu, the ground 1000- such as Anhui
The high-density breeding pattern of 1500/mu, Xinghua area 800-1200/aquaculture model of mu based on eel grass etc..But work as
Some preceding aquaculture models still have some defects in actual production, are embodied in the following aspects：
1, the Eco-breeding pattern based on Lun Yehei algaes, eel grass is easily looked for food by river crab, causes ecological out of control and unit
Water body low bearing capacity, cultivation density is limited.
2, the Eco-breeding pattern based on waterweed, unit of water body biology bearing capacity is big, but its pasture and water habit is intolerant to height
Temperature, the easily dead floating of high temperature season pasture and water rots to cause water hypoxia to deteriorate, ecological out of control.
3, conventional cultivation pattern builds ecological with fence kind grass, and early stage temporarily supports river crab to be cultivated in circular groove, not only density
Its growth of height influence, and river crab also easily interferes during shelling, and cuts one another's throats, and influences the rate of recapture.
4, normal mode is when cultivating early stage water temperature less than 18 DEG C, and river crab metabolism is low, and food ration is few, and growth is slow
Slowly；When water temperature is higher than 28 DEG C, river crab digestive enzyme activity reduction even deactivation, influence river crab feed suppresses river crab growth, shadow
Ring commodity crab and go out pond specification.
5, conventional cultivation pattern, bottom photosynthesis is weak, and water body flow is poor, is easier to " thermocline " occur, bottom water body
Dissolved oxygen content is low, influence river crab growth.
6, conventional cultivation pattern often meets sudden high-temperature low-pressure weather in natural environment, easily causes change of water quality, river crab
Hypoxia death.
7, the biological bearing capacity of conventional cultivation pattern unit of water body is within 1500/mu, specification limits throughput, soil profit
It is relatively low with rate.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems there is provided herein plant controllableization steamed crab high-yield cultivation method, this method specifically include with
Lower step：
1, after a culture-cycle terminates, desilting sterilization is carried out to culture zone, the pool is done and shines bottom.
2, culture zone infrastructure rehabilitation sets up circuit, builds the pool ridge, builds sunshade, and heat up canopy, sets micro-pore aeration
Formula flowing water aerator, photosensitive sensors, water quality dissolved oxygen meter etc..
3,15 days or so rear plantation grass seeds of sterilization of cleaning up the pond, full pond is to plant based on waterweed.
4,30-40cm is arrived in pond water inlet, and the crab species after preferentially selecting are thrown in the heating zone of culture zone specified design.
5, the Ching Ming Festival it is front and rear, the good full pond of spiral shell of selection vigor is delivered.
6, the stable film that heating canopy is removed after 18 DEG C of natural temperature is complete pool cultivated.
7, unified with nature temperature, light sensation intensity, dissolved oxygen meter reading start sunshade and aerator, control cultivation
Water temperature is within 28 DEG C, and the full pond dissolved oxygen of breeding water body is more than 5mg/L.
8, dissolved oxygen reading is read in timing, when breeding water body bottom dissolved oxygen is less than 5mg/L, is started aeration type flowing water and is increased
Oxygen machine, night keeps aeration type flowing water aerator continuous service.
9, steamed crab growth phase carries out bait management, water temperature, pasture and water, Water-quality control, prevention of damage by disease.
10, manually arrest or cage fishes for ripe commodity crab go-no-go sale.
Being built as the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, in the middle of the culture zone described in step 1 has one every erection in the ridge, culture zone
There is micro-pore aeration formula flowing water aerator；Sunshade is built, heat up canopy；Photosensitive sensors, dissolved oxygen meter etc. are set.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, aeration type flowing water aerator its power of fan described in step 2 is according to cultivation
Depending on area, configured according to 0.3kw/ mus.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the heating canopy overlay area area described in step 2 is the 30% of full culture zone.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the pasture and water described in step 3 are based on waterweed.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, crab species described in step 4 its to deliver density be 2000/mu, deliver crab species
Specification is 120-140 heads/kg.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, it is 500kg/ mus, large, medium and small specification that the spiral shell described in step 5, which delivers density,
Collocation is delivered.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the feed management scheme described in step 9 is as follows：Prometaphase uses protein content
More than 36% pellet is fed, and grain diameter size is once adjusted after river crab shells every time, particle size difference
For：2.2mm, 3.0mm, 3.8mm；It is aided with wheat, corn, soya bean etc. with fattening stage before and after reproduction shelling using chilled small fish and plants
Physical property feedstuff feeding.Daily bait feeding amount controls the 4%-6% in river crab body weight, and according to the feelings of actually ingesting of proxima luce (prox. luc)
Condition is adjusted.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the pasture and water Managed Solution described in step 9 is as follows：Early stage promotes root by fertilising
Stem nematode；Mid-term keeps the suitable height of pasture and water, density by the method such as cutting, dredging, control；Later stage is periodically accelerated using biological agent
Organic matter in breeding water body decomposes the microcirculation with pond bottom water body, commonly uses the careless preparation of shield and keeps pasture and water vigor.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the prevention of damage by disease scheme described in step 9 is as follows：1-2 is used before and after plum rain season
Secondary chlorine-containing agent, the cultivation later stage is using 1-2 Operand to water body disinfection.
Beneficial effects of the present invention have：
1, the inventive method can improve the water temperature of cultivation early stage, carry river crab by setting up heating canopy in culture zone
Before open food, shell, grow in advance in advance, list in advance.
2, the inventive method is kept the sun off by sunshade greenhouse, reduces radiation, and control high temperature season breeding water body temperature exists
Within 28 DEG C, keep waterweed in good condition, river crab is grown at suitable temperature and good environmental condition.
3, the inventive method by continuous-flow type aeration oxygen replenishing technology can control breeding water body dissolved oxygen content 10mg/L with
On, promote the decomposition of organic matter, improve cultivation water environment, river crab food ration can be improved, reduce river crab disease.
4, the inventive method plants waterweed by the full pool, can increase the biological bearing capacity of unit of water body, realizes crab grass altogether
Raw, reduction cuts one another's throat, and improves survival rate.
5, the inventive method can increase seed stocking rate by the controllable management of breeding ecological, accelerate river crab growth, improve
River crab goes out pond specification and yield per unit area.
6, the inventive method can be put by carrying out wheel, realize listing of avoiding the peak hour, and increase output benefit.
7, by a series of use of technologies of the invention, effective management is carried out to cultivation risk factor, is reduced disastrous
Influence of the weather to culture of Chinese mitten crab, realizes high and stable yields, promotes cultural technique upgrading to be made the transition with aquaculture model.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of cultivation flow chart of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method of the invention
Fig. 2 is a kind of aeration type flowing water oxygenation water circulation signal of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method of the invention
Figure.
The temperature raising canopy region arrangement top view of a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method of present invention during Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 is a kind of sunshade greenhouse schematic top plan view of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method of the invention.
In figure：1, the ridge is enclosed in pond；2, aeration type flowing water aerator；3, the ridge is spaced in pond；4, water circulation direction；5, carry
Wen Peng regions；6, steelframe sunshade greenhouse.
Embodiment
In order to deepen to a kind of understanding of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method of the invention, with reference to the present invention
Specific implementation case the present invention is described in further detail, the embodiment be only used for explain the inventive method, constitute pair
The restriction of the scope of the present invention.
Present invention specific implementation is comprised the steps of：
1, after a culture-cycle terminates, the excessive mud of artificial removing bottom of pond is aided with by machinery, silt depth is controlled
Within 10cm, ridge dike is repaired, wild fishes in pond, the enemy such as loach eel is removed.Bottom two weeks is shone behind the dry pool, promotes organic matter abundant
Decompose.
2, culture zone centre ridge building is averagely split, and segmentation ridge two ends are reserved with the wide breach of 4-5m, set micro-pore aeration stream
Water oxygen increasing equipment.By every mu of water surface 0.2-0.3kw power configuration blower fan.
3, pond body sterilization, seed delivers first half of the month, culturing pool body is deepened to arrive 20cm or so, with 150kg/ mus of life
Uniformly splashed in full pond after lime hydrolysis, or every mu is uniformly splashed with the full pond of bleaching efflorescence water of 15kg chlorinty 40%.Mud
Area can suitably increase consumption thicker.Second day with rake push-and-pull pool bottom.
4, circuit is set up, standby motor is assembled, sunshade is built, heat up canopy, photosensitive sensors are set, water quality dissolved oxygen is surveyed
Determine instrument.
5,15 days or so rear plantation grass seeds of sterilization of cleaning up the pond, first every mu of plant is mixed with 200kg organic fertilizer is turned over biological bacteria
Bury and make base manure.Transplanted with planting based on waterweed using slotting skewer method, spacing in the rows is in full pond：40-50cm, plantation amount is in 300kg/
Mu or so, it is ensured that the complete careless early stage coverage rate of water is 40% or so, and the middle and later periods, full pond coverage rate reached 80% or so.
6, in culture zone, design attitude installs barometer, and dissolved oxygen meter periodically reads data at times daily.
7,30-40cm is arrived in pond water inlet, selects that parent is excellent, limbs are complete, physique healthy and strong, neat specification, disease-free harmless
High-quality the Changjiang river crab species deliver into culture zone, it is 2000/mu that it, which delivers density, and it is 120-140 heads/kg to deliver crab species specifications.
8, the Ching Ming Festival it is front and rear, the good spiral shell of selection vigor is delivered, and the processing that carries out disinfection is needed before dispensing.Injected volume exists
150-200kg/ mus.
9, the stable film that heating canopy is removed after 18 DEG C of natural temperature is complete pool cultivated.
10, when natural temperature exceedes 32 DEG C, sunshade sunshade is started according to light sensation intensity by photosensitive sensors, cultivation water is controlled
Temperature is within 28 DEG C.
11, dissolved oxygen reading is read in timing, when breeding water body bottom dissolved oxygen is less than 5mg/L, starts aeration type flowing water
Aerator, night 1:00 AM to 5 points of holding aeration type flowing water aerator continuous services.
12, steamed crab growth phase carries out bait control, and the prometaphase is thrown using the pellet of protein content more than 36%
Hello, grain diameter size is once adjusted after river crab shells every time, and particle size is respectively：2.2mm, 3.0mm, 3.8mm；
It is aided with the plant feeds such as wheat, corn, soya bean with fattening stage before and after reproduction shelling using chilled small fish and feeds.Daily bait
Expect 4%-6% of the feeding volume control in river crab body weight, and be adjusted according to the actually situation of ingesting of proxima luce (prox. luc).
13, pasture and water maintenance will implement whole breeding process, and early stage promotes root growth by fertilising；Mid-term by cutting, dredging,
The methods such as control keep the suitable height of pasture and water, density；Later stage periodically accelerates the organic matter point in breeding water body using biological agent
The microcirculation of solution and pond bottom water body, commonly uses the careless preparation of shield and keeps pasture and water vigor.
14, prevention of damage by disease：With 1-2 chlorine-containing agent before and after plum rain season, the cultivation later stage is using 1-2 Operand to water body
Sterilization.
15, manually arrest or cage fishes for ripe commodity crab go-no-go sale.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method, it is characterised in that comprise the steps of：
1) desilting of existing culture of Chinese mitten crab area is sterilized；
2) sunshade, heating canopy are built, micro-pore aeration formula flowing water aerator etc. is set up；
3) water plant such as plant waterweed；
4) crab species are delivered to temperature raising Zan Yang areas；
5) spiral shell is delivered；
6) the stable film that heating canopy is removed after 18 DEG C of natural temperature, it is complete pool cultivated；
7) unified with nature temperature, light sensation intensity, dissolved oxygen meter reading, start sunshade and aerator；
8) bait management, water temperature, pasture and water, Water-quality control, prevention of damage by disease etc. are carried out into crab growth phase；
9) biological agent is periodically used；
10) commodity crab sale is fished for.
2. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) institute
Controllable type sunshade has been built in the culture of Chinese mitten crab area stated, and erection has controllable type micro-pore aeration flowing water aerator.
3. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1) institute
The culture of Chinese mitten crab area design attitude fixed placement stated has dissolved oxygen meter.
4. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) institute
The aeration type flowing water aerator stated is erected at the two ends that the ridge is spaced in culture zone.
5. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) institute
Depending on aeration type flowing water aerator its power of fan stated is according to cultured area, configured according to 0.2-0.3kw/ mus.
6. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2) institute
The heating Peng Zanyang areas area stated is the 30% of full culture zone.
7. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 3) institute
The water plant stated is based on waterweed.
8. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 4) institute
It delivers density for 2000/mu to the crab species stated, and it is 120-140 heads/kg to deliver crab species specification.
9. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 4) institute
It is 500kg/ mus that the spiral shell stated, which delivers density, and large, medium and small specification collocation is delivered.
10. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 2)
Described sunshade starts sunshade by photosensitive sensors when natural temperature exceedes 32 DEG C according to light sensation intensity.
11. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 5)
When described dissolved oxygen is less than 5mg/L, start aeration type flowing water aerator, night 1:00 AM to 5 points of holding aeration type flowing water increases
Oxygen machine continuous service.
12. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1)
Standby generator sets one are configured in described culture of Chinese mitten crab area.
13. a kind of controlled ecological steamed crab high-yield cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 1)
Described culture of Chinese mitten crab area is advisable with 20-40 mus or so.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109644915A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-19 | 钦州学院 | The method for improving Eriocheir hepuensis breeding survival rate by control temperature and taking the photograph bait rate |
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