CN107039641A - 一种制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法 - Google Patents
一种制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107039641A CN107039641A CN201710172842.9A CN201710172842A CN107039641A CN 107039641 A CN107039641 A CN 107039641A CN 201710172842 A CN201710172842 A CN 201710172842A CN 107039641 A CN107039641 A CN 107039641A
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- sodium
- manganese
- source
- mnpo
- spinning
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Links
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910004618 Na2MnPO4F Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 14
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010041 electrostatic spinning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical group [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid group Chemical group C(C(=O)O)(=O)O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZRPYRHACYVTJHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium fluoro-dioxido-oxo-lambda5-phosphane manganese(2+) Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])F.[Mn+2].[Na+] ZRPYRHACYVTJHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical group CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical group [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940093474 manganese carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical group [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229950011008 tetrachloroethylene Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionamide Chemical compound CCC(N)=O QLNJFJADRCOGBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080818 propionamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical compound [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009754 Vitis X bourquina Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=O VASIZKWUTCETSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GFORUURFPDRRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Mn] Chemical compound [Na].[Mn] GFORUURFPDRRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L fluoridophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(F)=O DWYMPOCYEZONEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- RHFUXPCCELGMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(6-cyano-3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydrochromen-4-yl)-n-phenylmethoxyacetamide Chemical compound OC1C(C)(C)OC2=CC=C(C#N)C=C2C1N(C(=O)C)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 RHFUXPCCELGMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021392 nanocarbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium perchlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O BAZAXWOYCMUHIX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001488 sodium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
- D01D5/003—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material the material being a polymer solution or dispersion
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/24—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a hollow structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/628—Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法,将钠源、锰源、磷酸源、氟源、螯合剂和高分子聚合物溶于溶剂中,搅拌形成纺丝液A,选择油类作为纺丝液B,以纺丝液B为内轴,以纺丝液A为外轴进行同轴静电纺丝,得到同轴纳米纤维,置于萃取剂中除去油相,烘干后得中空纳米纤维前驱体,在非氧化性气氛下进行热处理,冷却后得到Na2MnPO4F/C正极材料。本发明通过采用静电纺丝法制备Na2MnPO4F/C中空多孔纳米纤维,显著提高正极材料的电子电导率及离子电导率,从而提高了电池的倍率性能,有利于改善其循环性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于二次电池材料技术领域,涉及一种二次电池用正极材料的制备方法,具体涉及一种中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着新能源(太阳能、风能等)开发利用的增加及电网储能等领域的迅速发展,二次电池需求量激增,锂离子电池因其优异的储能性能,已被广泛应用于各种便携式电子设备中。但锂的储存量有限,难以满足未来长期发展的需求,因此与锂的物理化学性质相似且价格低廉的钠受到人们的广泛关注。钠和锂属于同一主族,与锂相比较,钠在地壳中储量丰富,而且钠离子电池价格低廉(碳酸钠0.22万元/吨vs.碳酸锂3.5万元/吨)。此外,钠的标准电极电位比锂高0.3V(E0 Na/Na+=-2.71V,E0 Li/Li+=-3.04V vs.SHE),这使得电解液更不容易分解,电池的安全性更好。所以,钠离子电池将有可能成为锂离子电池的替代品。
近年来,拥有高工作电位和高理论容量的氟磷酸盐正极材料成为研究热点,其中Na2MnPO4F拥有较高的理论容量和合适的工作电位。当两个Na+完全脱出时,Na2MnPO4F的理论比容量可高达250mAh/g;同时,基于的PO4 3-强诱导效应以及F-的强负电性,Na2MnPO4F拥有较高的工作电位(3.66和4.67V vs.Na/Na+)和优良的热稳定性。此外,Mn资源在自然界中储量丰富,廉价易得。尽管具备上述多种优点,但其较低的电子电导率和离子电导率使得人们很难获得电化学性能良好的Na2MnPO4F正极材料。目前通过碳包覆和体相掺杂的方法来提高Na2MnPO4F的电子电导率,用细化颗粒的方法来提高其离子电导率,但是改性效果并不理想,需要进一步的提高。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法,以改善二次电池钠离子正极材料的电化学性能,提高正极材料Na2MnPO4F的电子电导率和离子电导率。
研究发现,多孔纳米碳纤维交织形成的三维混合导电网络可实现电子和离子的协同运输,这有利于充分发挥纳米电极材料的动力学优势,从而使得电极材料具有更好的性能。而获取纳米纤维,静电纺丝是一个简单有效的方法,其原理就是利用电场力对聚合物溶液进行牵伸从而获得纳米纤维。本发明技术方案的灵感正源于上述理论的支持。
具体的,本发明制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法,包括下述步骤:
S1、将钠源、锰源、磷酸源、氟源、螯合剂和高分子聚合物溶于溶剂中,搅拌形成纺丝液A;其中,以摩尔比计,Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=(1.9~2.1):(0.9~1.1):(0.9~1.1):(0.9~1.1),氟磷酸锰钠:螯合剂=(0.9~1.1):(1.1~1.3);以质量比计,氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物=(6.9~7.1):(0.9~1.1);
所述的钠源为氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钠中的一种或几种。
所述的锰源为乙酸锰、碳酸锰、硝酸锰、一氧化锰、二氧化锰中的一种或几种。
所述的磷酸源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸氢二钠中的一种或几种。
所述的氟源为氟化钠、氟化铵中的一种或几种。
所述的螯合剂为草酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖、酒石酸中的一种或几种。
所述的高分子聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚已丙酰胺中的一种或几种。
所述的溶剂为乙醇、醋酸、去离子水、二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
S2、选择油类作为纺丝液B;
所述的油类为矿物油、蓖麻油、棕榈油中的一种或几种。
S3、以纺丝液B为内轴,以纺丝液A为外轴进行同轴静电纺丝,得到同轴纳米纤维;
所述的静电纺丝的条件为:同轴针头的内径为0.2~0.4mm,外径为0.4~0.6mm,纺丝电压为10~15kV,出丝口与接收器的距离为12~20cm,纺丝速度为0.05~0.5mm/min。可以通过调控针头内外直径、纺丝电压、接受间距和纺丝速度的参数来调整纳米纤维前驱体的形貌和尺寸。
S4、将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂中除去油相,烘干后得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
所述的萃取剂为正己烷、环己烷、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯中的一种或几种。
S5、将中空纳米纤维前驱体在非氧化性气氛下进行热处理,冷却后得到Na2MnPO4F/C正极材料。
所述的非氧化性气氛为氩气、氦气、氖气、氮气、氢气中的一种或者几种。
所述的热处理温度为500~850℃,升温速度为0.5~10℃/min,煅烧时间为1~24h。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的技术方案有益效果在于:
1、通过采用静电纺丝法制备Na2MnPO4F/C中空多孔纳米纤维,实现原位包履纳米碳,不仅增强了氟磷酸锰钠的电子电导率;而且可抑制活性物质晶粒长大并防止其团聚,提高了电池的倍率性能;此外,还能抑制充放电过程中活性物质因体积反复膨胀/收缩而脱离集流体,有利于改善其循环性能。
2、同轴纺丝-萃取技术使得纳米纤维具有中空结构,而有机物裂解产生大量气体则使得纤维外轴形成多孔结构,纳米纤维的中空、多孔结构有利于Na+脱/嵌,从而提高其离子电导率。
3、纺丝制备而成的中空多孔纳米纤维结构,有利于电解液与正极材料充分接触,从而形成相互交错的高效电子/离子混合导电网络,这使得电子和Na+能快速传输到每个活性颗粒表面,从而显著提高其电子电导率及离子电导率。
附图说明
图1是本发明的方法制备Na2MnPO4F/C中空多孔纳米纤维的流程示意图;
图2是本发明实施例1制备的Na2MnPO4F/C的XRD图谱;
图3是本发明对比例1制备的Na2MnPO4F/C的XRD图谱;
图4是本发明对比例2制备的Na2MnPO4F/C的XRD图谱;
图5是本发明实施例1制备的Na2MnPO4F/C中空多孔纳米纤维在0.1C倍率下的首次充放电曲线图;
图6是本发明对比例1制备的Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维在0.1C倍率下的首次充放电曲线图;
图7是本发明对比例2制备的Na2MnPO4F/C在0.1C倍率下的首次充放电曲线图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行详细的描述。
Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的制备:
实施例1
a.按摩尔比Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=2.05:1:1:1称取氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠和乙酸锰,以去离子水为溶剂,在室温下搅拌至完全溶解,加入摩尔比为1:1.2(氟磷酸锰钠:草酸)的草酸,再加入质量比为7:1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)且平均分子量为6000的聚乙烯醇,继续搅拌至形成均匀的纺丝液A;
b.选择矿物油作为纺丝液B;
c.将Na2MnPO4F纺丝液A和矿物油纺丝液B分别抽取到注射器中,安装好同轴纺丝针头,针头的内外径分别为0.3mm和0.5mm,出丝口与接收器的距离为15cm,电压为12Kv,纺丝速度为0.15mm/min,制备得同轴纳米纤维前驱体;
d.将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂正己烷中除去油相,烘干得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
e.将收集得到的同轴纳米纤维前驱体置于管式炉中,在氩气气氛下,以5℃/min升温至650℃,恒温10h,热处理后冷却至室温,得到中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C。
实施例2
a.按摩尔比Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=2:1.05:1:1称取氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠和碳酸锰,以乙醇为溶剂,在室温下搅拌至完全溶解,加入摩尔比为0.9:1.1(氟磷酸锰钠:草酸)的草酸,再加入质量比为6.9:1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)且平均分子量为6000的聚乙烯醇,继续搅拌至形成均匀的纺丝液A。
b.选择矿物油作为纺丝液B;
c.将Na2MnPO4F纺丝液A和矿物油纺丝液B分别抽取到注射器中,安装好同轴纺丝针头,针头的内外径分别为0.3mm和0.5mm,出丝口与接收器的距离为12cm,电压为12Kv,纺丝速度为0.05mm/min,制备得同轴纳米纤维前驱体;
d.将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂正己烷中除去油相,烘干得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
e.将收集得到的同轴纳米纤维前驱体置于管式炉中,在氩气气氛下,以5℃/min升温至850℃,恒温10h,热处理后冷却至室温,得到中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C。
实施例3
a.按摩尔比Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=2:1:1.05:1称取氟化氨、磷酸氢二钠和碳酸锰,以乙醇为溶剂,在室温下搅拌至完全溶解,加入摩尔比为1:1.2(氟磷酸锰钠:柠檬酸)的柠檬酸,再加入质量比为7.1:1.1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)且平均分子量为100000的聚丙烯腈,继续搅拌至形成均匀的纺丝液A;
b.选择矿物油作为纺丝液B;
c.将Na2MnPO4F纺丝液A和矿物油纺丝液B分别抽取到注射器中,安装好同轴纺丝针头,针头的内外径分别为0.2mm和0.5mm,出丝口与接收器的距离为15cm,电压为10Kv,纺丝速度为0.15mm/min,制备得同轴纳米纤维前驱体;
d.将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂正己烷中除去油相,烘干得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
e.将收集得到的同轴纳米纤维前驱体置于管式炉中,在氩气气氛下,以0.5℃/min升温至700℃,恒温15h,热处理后冷却至室温,得到中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C。
实施例4
a.按摩尔比Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=2:0.95:1:1.05称取碳酸钠、碳酸锰、氟化铵和磷酸二氢铵,以二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,在室温下搅拌至完全溶解,加入摩尔比为1:1.2(氟磷酸锰钠:酒石酸)的酒石酸,再加入质量比为6.95:1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)且平均分子量为100000的聚丙烯腈,继续搅拌至形成均匀的纺丝液A;
b.选择蓖麻油作为纺丝液B;
c.将Na2MnPO4F纺丝液A和蓖麻油纺丝液B分别抽取到注射器中,安装好同轴纺丝针头,针头的内外径分别为0.3mm和0.5mm,出丝口与接收器的距离为20cm,电压为13Kv,纺丝速度为0.5mm/min,制备得同轴纳米纤维前驱体;
d.将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂四氯乙烯中除去油相,烘干得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
e.将收集得到的同轴纳米纤维前驱体置于管式炉中,在氩气气氛下,以5℃/min升温至800℃,恒温24h,热处理后冷却至室温,得到中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C。
实施例5
a.按摩尔比Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=2:1:0.95:1.05称取氟化钠、碳酸锰和磷酸二氢钠,以去离子水为溶剂,在室温下搅拌至完全溶解,加入摩尔比为1:1.2(氟磷酸锰钠:柠檬酸)的柠檬酸,再加入质量比为6.95:1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)且平均分子量为100000的聚丙烯腈,继续搅拌至形成均匀的纺丝液A;
b.选择蓖麻油作为纺丝液B;
c.将Na2MnPO4F纺丝液A和蓖麻油纺丝液B分别抽取到的注射器中,安装好同轴纺丝针头,针头的内外径分别为0.4mm和0.6mm,出丝口与接收器的距离为15cm,电压为15Kv,纺丝速度为0.15mm/min,制备得同轴纳米纤维前驱体;
d.将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂四氯乙烯中除去油相,烘干得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
e.将收集得到的同轴纳米纤维前驱体置于管式炉中,在氩气气氛下,以10℃/min升温至800℃,恒温8h,热处理后冷却至室温,得到中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C。
对比例1
静电纺丝法制备Na2MnPO4F/C实心纳米纤维:
制备Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维的方法与制备中空多孔纳米纤维的正极材料Na2MnPO4F/C相似,不同之处在于不需要油相纺丝液,也不需要萃取,只使用单一的Na2MnPO4F纺丝液进行静电纺丝,其余步骤同实施例1。
对比例2
固相法制备普通形貌Na2MnPO4F/C:
同实施例1中按摩尔比称取氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠和乙酸锰,质量比为7:1(氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物)平均分子量为6000的聚乙烯醇于研钵中混合,再将混合物置于球磨机中进行机械球磨,400rpm球磨8h,得到前驱体。对于前驱体的后续热处理同实施例1。
电池的制备:
以上述实施例制备的材料为正极活性材料,将其与乙炔黑(导电剂)、PVDF(聚偏二氟乙烯,粘接剂)按照80:10:10的质量比称取后,在研钵中研磨30min,使之混合均匀,再加入N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP),不间断地研磨30min,得到均匀的黑色粘稠浆状物质。把黑色浆料均匀地涂布于铝箔上,再于120℃下真空干燥12h得到厚度均匀的正极片,再将正极片冲切成直径14mm的圆片作为正极。以直径14mm的金属钠片为负极,玻璃纤维纸(Whatman,GF/A)为隔膜,1mol/L的NaClO4/(PC95%-FEC5%)为电解液,在无水无氧的氩气气氛手套箱里组装成CR2032型扣式电池。
表1为各样品倍率性能和循环性能的比较
由表1可知,在同样的热处理机制下,Na2MnPO4F/C中空多孔纳米纤维(实施例1)的首次放电比容量、倍率性能和循环性能均明显优于Na2MnPO4F/C实心纳米纤维(对比例1)和固相法制备的普通形貌Na2MnPO4F/C(对比例2),这说明本发明提供的方法明显提高了Na2MnPO4F正极材料的电化学性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备中空多孔Na2MnPO4F/C纳米纤维正极材料的方法,其特征在于,包括下述步骤:
S1、将钠源、锰源、磷酸源、氟源、螯合剂和高分子聚合物溶于溶剂中,搅拌形成纺丝液A;其中,以摩尔比计,Na+:Mn2+:PO4 3-:F-=(1.9~2.1):(0.9~1.1):(0.9~1.1):(0.9~1.1),氟磷酸锰钠:螯合剂=(0.9~1.1):(1.1~1.3);以质量比计,氟磷酸锰钠:高分子聚合物=(6.9~7.1):(0.9~1.1);
S2、选择油类作为纺丝液B;
S3、以纺丝液B为内轴,以纺丝液A为外轴进行同轴静电纺丝,得到同轴纳米纤维;
S4、将同轴纳米纤维置于萃取剂中除去油相,烘干后得中空纳米纤维前驱体;
S5、将中空纳米纤维前驱体在非氧化性气氛下进行热处理,冷却后得到Na2MnPO4F/C正极材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述的钠源为氟化钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠、碳酸钠、乙酸钠中的一种或几种;所述的锰源为乙酸锰、碳酸锰、硝酸锰、一氧化锰、二氧化锰中的一种或几种;所述的磷酸源为磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸氢二钠中的一种或几种;所述的氟源为氟化钠、氟化铵中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述的螯合剂为草酸、柠檬酸、葡萄糖、酒石酸中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述的高分子聚合物为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯腈、聚已丙酰胺中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S1中,所述的溶剂为乙醇、醋酸、去离子水、二甲基甲酰胺中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S2中,所述的油类为矿物油、蓖麻油、棕榈油中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S3中,所述的静电纺丝的条件为:同轴针头的内径为0.2~0.4mm,外径为0.4~0.6mm,纺丝电压为10~15kV,出丝口与接收器的距离为12~20cm,纺丝速度为0.05~0.5mm/min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S4中,所述的萃取剂为正己烷、环己烷、四氯化碳、四氯乙烯中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S5中,所述的非氧化性气氛为氩气、氦气、氖气、氮气、氢气中的一种或者几种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:S5中,所述的热处理温度为500~850℃,升温速度为0.5~10℃/min,煅烧时间为1~24h。
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