CN107033480A - 一种pvc生物质发泡复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种pvc生物质发泡复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107033480A
CN107033480A CN201610201327.4A CN201610201327A CN107033480A CN 107033480 A CN107033480 A CN 107033480A CN 201610201327 A CN201610201327 A CN 201610201327A CN 107033480 A CN107033480 A CN 107033480A
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彭梅醒
苏胜培
骆仁锋
杨治
刘连斌
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Jiangxi Bansen New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及复合材料,具体涉及一种PVC生物质发泡复合材料及其制备方法。本发明的新型PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:PVC:100份,PVC再生料10~100份,生物质粉10~30份,硫酸钙:10~50份,稳定剂:3~8份,发泡剂:0.6~3.5份,发泡调节剂:2~15份,内润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,外润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,PVC加工助剂:1.0~1.5份,偶联剂:0.3~1.2份。本发明的配方使得PVC发泡体系中填料含量可增加20%‑50%,但产品的米重基本不变,使材料更具性价比,本发明利用了新材料的技术原理,具有新材料应用的开创性,并兼具资源利用,节能环保,绿色经济的特点,适宜工业化生产。

Description

一种PVC生物质发泡复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料,具体涉及一种新型PVC生物质发泡复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
PVC木塑材料属于环保产品,加工工艺非常成熟,通过模具和共挤等方式可设计形状及外观新颖的产品,且外观与木材非常接近,有的甚至比木材更美观。该材料可回收再利用,在促进资源循环、节能减排、经济可持续发展等方面带来较好的经济效益和社会效应。但现有PVC木塑材料还存在生产成本压力过大、材料机械性能及耐候性差、耐腐蚀性差、生产能耗高等缺点,从而限制了其应用领域。我国是一个木材资源需求大国,但森林资料缺乏,现已禁止滥砍滥伐,而建筑和家居市场对木材的需求在逐年增加,要缓解这个凸显的矛盾,以塑代木是必然趋势,新型PVC木塑材料如能降低生产成本、提高机械性能、改善特殊性能将会使这一矛盾得以解决。公开号为CN105001555A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种高抗冲耐老化的PVC-M管材,该文献公开了利用PVC、轻质碳酸钙、MBS、硫酸钙晶须、碳黑等原料,通过2,6-叔丁基对丙酚和乙硫醇的协同作用,制成耐老化的PVC塑料制品,但是,该技术制备过程操作复杂,并且使用轻质碳酸钙和碳酸钙晶须,在制造过程中,电流较高,能耗较大,碳酸钙形成的加强筋不规则。公开号为102010552A的中国发明专利申请公开了一种PVC/晶须硫酸钙复合材料及其制备方法,利用PVC和晶须硫酸钙等组合制得复合材料,增加了PVC的强度,但是采用的组分组 合所形成的复合材料发泡不规则,从而在强度上难以达到更高要求,并且现有技术的PVC材料还存在韧性差、加工温度范围窄、耐腐蚀性不强的问题。也有人曾经尝试使用天然硬石膏与轻质碳酸钙配合来制备更高强度的聚氯乙烯管材,如公开号为CN103740015A的中国发明专利申请公开一种高强度聚氯乙烯管材,但是该天然硬石膏与轻质碳酸钙和丙烯酸树脂发泡效果较差,无法得到光滑发泡均匀的高强度型材。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的上述问题,本发明的目的之一提供一种新型PVC生物质发泡型材,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:
PVC:100份,PVC再生料10~100份,生物质粉10~30份,硫酸钙:10~50份,稳定剂:3~8份,发泡剂:0.6~3.5份,发泡调节剂:2~15份,内润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,外润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,PVC加工助剂:1.0~1.5份,偶联剂:0.3~1.2份。
另一优选方案是,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:PVC:100份,PVC再生料30~70份,生物质粉15~25份,硫酸钙:15~40份,稳定剂:4~7份,发泡剂:0.8~2.7份,发泡调节剂:5~10份,内润滑剂:0.8~1.5份,外润滑剂:0.8~1.5份,PVC加工助剂:1.1~1.4份,偶联剂:0.6~1.0份。
另一优选方案是,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:PVC:100份,PVC再生料40~55份,生物质粉18~22份,硫酸钙:20~35份,稳定剂:5~6份,发泡剂:1.2~2.0份,发泡调节剂:7~8份,内润滑剂:1.0~1.2份,外润滑剂:1.0~1.2份,PVC加工助剂:1.2~1.3份,偶联剂:0.7~0.9份。
另一优选方案是,其原料还包括如下重量份配比的组分:增韧剂:5~30份。
另一优选方案是,其原料还包括如下重量份配比的组分:增韧剂:10~20份。
另一优选方案是,所述增韧剂为MBS。
另一优选方案是,所述稳定剂为铅盐复合稳定剂或稀土复合稳定剂或其混合物
另一优选方案是,所述发泡剂为AC发泡剂和NC发泡剂的混合物,其中AC发泡剂和NC发泡剂混合时的质量比为2:1-10。
另一优选方案是,所述PVC为SG-7型树脂或SG-8型树脂。
另一优选方案是,所述生物质粉为过60目筛的生物质粉。
另一优选方案是,所述发泡调节剂为PA-903。
另一优选方案是,所述内润滑剂为润滑剂OA9。
另一优选方案是,所述外润滑剂为PE蜡。
另一优选方案是,所述PVC加工助剂为ACR401或ACR175。
另一优选方案是,所述偶联剂为钛酸酯或铝酸酯偶联剂或两种的混合物。
另一优选方案是,所述硫酸钙细度为过400目筛。
另一优选方案是,所述硫酸钙为游离水含量为0.5%~1.0%的硫酸钙,更优选游离水含量为0.6%~0.8%。所述硫酸钙优选由以下方法制得: 取无水石膏,通过破碎、磨粉、风选、干燥、活化处理得到硫酸钙,其中干燥时控制游离水水分的质量含量在0.5~1.0%。上述无水石膏即天然石膏矿,研究发现,上述游离水含量的硫酸钙,尤其是经上述处理之后的硫酸钙矿粉,使用在本发明的配方中,可以在制备复合材料过程中对润滑和发泡起更好的促进作用,促进PVC均匀发泡,同时还能有效地稳定温度,使链式反应顺利进行,反应过程不断链,得到更加均匀的产品,并且由于矿粉更便宜,大大降低了生产复合材料的成本。
本发明还提供所述PVC生物质发泡复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):取各配比的原料进行混合,混合温度为100~130℃;
步骤(2):充分混合后,得到混合料,再将混合料降到40~60℃;
步骤(3):将混合料在双螺杆挤出机中混炼挤出;
步骤(4):将挤出材料通过加热模具后再抽负压冷却定型;
步骤(5):定型冷却后的材料通过辅机牵引、切割成一定长宽的产品。
另一优选方案是,所述步骤(1)的混合温度为110~120℃。
另一优选方案是,所述步骤(3)混炼时挤出机温度控制在150~190℃。
另一优选方案是,所述步骤(4)加热模具温度控制在160~190℃。
另一优选方案是,所述步骤(4)加热模具温度控制在165~180℃。
目前,为了增强PVC的强度,本领域的技术人员普遍做法,是往PVC 中加入碳酸钙或者晶须硫酸钙,普遍认为只有晶须硫酸钙,或者晶须硫酸钙与碳酸钙的混合物才可有效与PVC结合形成稳定的复合材料,而这两种添加剂碳酸钙的发泡效果不佳,而晶须硫酸钙成本高,所以PVC复合材料一直成本较高,无法满足工业上大量生产的要求。但是,经过本发明的研发人员长期研究后发现,直接采用硫酸钙做为增强剂,并辅以其它一定比例含量的组分,可以协同作用,达到更好的增强效果,并且降低能耗。本发明改进了现有材料的配方,所制备的复合材料与现有PVC发泡材料相比具有如下明显优势:1、所采用的硫酸钙与其它组分协同作用使得PVC发泡时体系变稳定,材料的微孔更均匀;2、本发明的配方使得PVC发泡体系中填料含量可增加10%-30%,但产品的米重基本不变,使材料更具性价比;3、使PVC发泡体系加工工艺范围变宽,有利于生产过程中产品质量控制;4、该发泡材料耐腐蚀性能明显增加,拓宽了产品的应用领域;5、产品的韧性、刚性都优于普通填料制备的发泡材料;6、生产过程中材料的粘度下降,产品表面光洁,电能耗下降7%左右。本发明利用了新材料的技术原理,具有新材料应用的开创性,并兼具资源利用,节能环保,绿色经济的特点,适宜工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下提供本发明的一些优选实施例,以助于进一步理解本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于这些优选实施例。
本发明实施例1-3采用稳定剂为铅盐复合稳定剂,实施例4-7所采用稳定剂为稀土复合稳定剂。实施例1-3的PVC为SG-7型树脂,实施例4-7的PVC为SG-8型树脂。实施例1-7发泡调节剂为PA-903,实施例1-7内润滑剂为润滑剂OA9;实施例1-7外润滑剂为PE蜡;实 施例1-3的PVC加工助剂为ACR401,实施例4-7的PVC加工助剂为ACR175;实施例1-3的偶联剂为钛酸酯偶联剂,实施例4-7的偶联剂为铝酸酯偶联剂;实施例1-3的硫酸钙细度为过600目筛,实施例4-7的硫酸钙细度为过400目筛。实施例1-3所述硫酸钙由以下方法制得:取无水石膏矿,通过破碎、磨粉、风选、干燥、活化处理得到硫酸钙,其中干燥时控制水分的质量含量在0.5~1.0%。实施例中所用的原料全部为从市售购得。本发明实施例所采用的生物质粉为树木加工废料或农作物秸秆干燥后破碎过60目筛所得。
实施例1-7
按重量份数计,本发明实施例1-7新型PVC生物质发泡型材配方组成按序号1-7如下表:
表1
实施例1-3生产新型PVC生物质发泡型材的工艺如下:
步骤1,将表中组份物料投入高混机中高速充分混合,温度达到 110~120℃,后将混合物从高混机转到低速冷混锅,将温度降到40~60℃,得到混合料;
步骤2,将混合料在异向锥形双螺杆挤出机中混炼挤出;
步骤3,将挤出材料通过加热模具(加热模具温度165~180℃)后再抽负压冷却定型;
步骤4,定型冷却后的材料通过辅机牵引、切割成一定尺寸的产品。本实施例中异向锥形双螺杆挤出机的工作参数如下:加工温度为一区156℃,二区165℃,三区175℃,四区180℃,模头一区155℃,模头二区185℃,模头三区180℃,模头四区185℃,模头五区170℃,主机转数为17.1rpm,喂料速度为10.9rpm,电流为4.4A,牵引速度为294rpm,实施例1-3产品米重分别为1.39kg/m、1.39kg/m、1.38kg/m。
实施例1-3所得型材的尺寸偏差、外观、性能如下表(按GB/T24137-2009):
表2
实施例4-7
实施例4-7生产新型PVC生物质发泡型材的工艺如下:
步骤1,将表中组份物料投入高混机中高速充分混合,温度达到110-120℃,后将混合物从高混机转到低速冷混锅,将温度降到40-60℃,得到混合料;
步骤2,将混合料在异向锥形双螺杆挤出机中混炼挤出;
步骤3,将挤出材料通过加热模具后再抽负压冷却定型;
步骤4,定型冷却后的材料通过辅机牵引、切割成一定尺寸的产品。本实施例中异向锥形双螺杆挤出机工艺参数如下:加工温度为一区156℃,二区165℃,三区175℃,四区180℃,模头一区153℃,模头二区183℃,模头三区178℃,模头四区182℃,模头五区168℃,主机转数为17.1rpm,喂料速度为10.7rpm,电流为4.3A,牵引速度为294rpm,实施例4-7产品米重分别为1.39kg/m、1.39kg/m、1.38kg/m、1.39kg/m。实施例4-7所得型材的性能如下表
表3
实施例8
对比例
对比例中配方与实施例4的一致,按重量份数计,配方组成如下表:
表4
上述配方的对比例型材的制备方法如下:
步骤1,将表中组份物料投入高混机中高速充分混合,温度达到110-120℃,后将混合物从高混机转到低速冷混锅,将温度降到40-60℃,得到混合料;
步骤2,将混合料在异向锥形双螺杆挤出机中混炼挤出;
步骤3,将挤出材料通过加热模具后再抽负压冷却定型;
步骤4,定型冷却后的材料通过辅机牵引、切割成一定尺寸的产品。本实施例中异向锥形双螺杆挤出机工艺参数如下:加工温度为一区156℃,二区165℃,三区175℃,四区180℃,模头一区150℃,模头二区178℃,模头三区173℃,模头四区180℃,模头五区163℃,主机转数为17.1rpm,喂料速度为10.5rpm,电流为4.8A,牵引速度为292rpm,产品米重1.51kg/m。
对比例型材的尺寸偏差、外观、性能如下表(按GB/T24137-2009)
表5
由对比可见,本发明的型材相对比现有技术的型材在外观质量、弯曲强度、弹性模量和抗冲击强度上具有明显的优势。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:
PVC:100份,PVC再生料10~100份,生物质粉10~30份,硫酸钙:10~50份,稳定剂:3~8份,发泡剂:0.6~3.5份,发泡调节剂:2~15份,内润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,外润滑剂:0.3~2.0份,PVC加工助剂:1.0~1.5份,偶联剂:0.3~1.2份。
2.根据权利要求1所述PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:
PVC:100份,PVC再生料30~70份,生物质粉15~25份,硫酸钙:15~40份,稳定剂:4~7份,发泡剂:0.8~2.7份,发泡调节剂:5~10份,内润滑剂:0.8~1.5份,外润滑剂:0.8~1.5份,PVC加工助剂:1.1~1.4份,偶联剂:0.6~1.0份。
3.根据权利要求1所述PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,其制备原料包括以下重量份配比的组分:PVC:100份,PVC再生料40~55份,生物质粉18~22份,硫酸钙:20~35份,稳定剂:5~6份,发泡剂:1.2~2.0份,发泡调节剂:7~8份,内润滑剂:1.0~1.2份,外润滑剂:1.0~1.2份,PVC加工助剂:1.2~1.3份,偶联剂:0.7~0.9份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,其原料还包括如下重量份配比的组分:增韧剂:5~30份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,其原料还包括如下重量份配比的组分:增韧剂:10~20份。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,所述增韧剂为MBS。
7.根据权利要求1-5任意一项权利要求所述的PVC生物质发泡复合材料,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为铅盐复合稳定剂或稀土复合稳定剂或其混合物。
8.根据权利要求1-5任意一项权利要求所述的新型PVC生物质发泡型材,其特征在于,所述发泡剂为AC发泡剂和NC发泡剂的混合物,其中AC发泡剂和NC发泡剂混合时的质量比为2:1-10;或者所述PVC为SG-7型树脂或SG-8型树脂;或者所述生物质粉为过60目筛的生物质粉;或者所述发泡调节剂为PA-903;或者所述内润滑剂为润滑剂OA9;或者所述外润滑剂为PE蜡;或者所述PVC加工助剂为ACR401或ACR175;或者所述偶联剂为钛酸酯或铝酸酯偶联剂或两种的混合物;或者所述硫酸钙细度为过400目筛;或者所述硫酸钙由以下方法制得:取无水石膏,通过破碎、磨粉、风选、干燥、活化处理得到硫酸钙,其中干燥时控制水分的质量含量在0.5~1.0%。
9.权利要求1-8任意一项权利要求所述新型PVC生物质发泡型材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤(1):取各配比的原料进行混合,混合温度为100~130℃;
步骤(2):充分混合后,得到混合料,再将混合料降到40~60℃;
步骤(3):将混合料在双螺杆挤出机中混炼挤出;
步骤(4):将挤出材料通过加热模具后再抽负压冷却定型;
步骤(5):定型冷却后的材料通过辅机牵引、切割成一定长宽的产品。
10.根据权利要求9所述新型PVC生物质发泡型材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的混合温度为110~120℃;或者所述步骤(3)混炼时挤出机温度控制在150~190℃;或者所述步骤(4)加热模具温度控制在160~190℃;或者所述步骤(4)加热模具温度控制在165~180℃。
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