CN104448630A - 一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104448630A
CN104448630A CN201410756496.5A CN201410756496A CN104448630A CN 104448630 A CN104448630 A CN 104448630A CN 201410756496 A CN201410756496 A CN 201410756496A CN 104448630 A CN104448630 A CN 104448630A
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李银亭
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法，属于木塑材料技术领域。本发明高填充木塑发泡材料由以下原料制成：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料20～30份、有机填料70～85份、无机填料5～8份、偶联剂1.5～1.8份、马来酸酐2～5份、复合稳定剂5～7份、复合发泡剂1.0～2.0份、发泡助剂5～8份、小苏打2～3份、环氧大豆油3～5份。现将有机填料经偶联剂和相容剂处理后与其余成分混料，再经挤出机挤出成型即可。与现有木塑复合材料相比，本发明填料比例较高，其加工性能好，具有质轻、比强度高、防水、防腐、保温等优点。

Description

一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于木塑材料技术领域，涉及一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法。 
背景技术
木塑复合材料是以木材为主要原料，经过适当的处理使其与各种塑料通过不同的复合方法生成的高性能、高附加值的新型复合材料。近年来，随着环境污染的逐渐加剧，难以降解的塑料材料越来越受到人们的质疑，甚至有国家明确限制某些塑料制品的生产。然而，塑料制品以其质量轻，价格低等优点依然受到消费者的亲睐，因此，木塑复合材料结合了塑料和木材的双重性能，既能解决塑料污染的问题，又能为消费者提供高性能、高附加值的制品，越来越受到人们的喜爱。 
目前，木塑复合材料被人为是新兴的环保材料，可通过废旧塑料和秸秆粉末等废弃材料加工而成，从材料成本上看，其具有价格低廉，材料易得的优点；从性能上看，其结合了塑料和木材的双重性能，既有木材的加工特性，例如可锯、可钉、可刨，使用木工器具即可完成，且握钉力明显优于其他合成材料，但机械性能优于木质材料；又有塑料的力学性能，例如其具有耐水、耐腐性能，并且使用寿命长，弹性模量高。由此可见，木塑复合材料具有良好的发展前景，根据材料性能的应用范围和国内外的有关报道，目前已经开发的用途及使用场合如下：公园、球场、街道等场合，特别适合露天桌椅；建筑材料、吊板、屋顶、高速公路噪音隔板等；市政交通方面标记牌、广告板、格栅板，汽车装饰板材等；包装材料、搬运垫板、托盘和底盘；家庭围墙、花箱、篱笆、走道、 地板、防潮隔板；各种体育馆装饰板材、地板；铁路枕木、矿井坑木；军事用具、武器附属品；计算机、电视机、洗衣机、冰箱等家电物品的外壳；汽车配件等。综合上述，木塑复合材料将成为用途最为广泛的材料之一，甚至逐步替代塑钢、铝合金建材市场。 
然而，现阶段生产的木塑复合材料仍然存在力学性能差、界面相容性差、填充料过低而导致加工特性差的问题。究其原因，木料与塑料间的相容性差，若木料比例过高，则导致加工过程中出现断裂的现象。因此，开发一种高填充的木塑复合材料成为必然。 
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：提供一种高填充木塑发泡材料及其制备方法，以解决当前木塑材料成本高、力学性能差、加工性差的缺陷。 
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案： 
一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的原料制成，具体的比例和原料如下： 
进一步，所述的废旧塑料为废旧聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、苯乙烯中一种或几种。 
进一步，所述的有机填料为为含水量≤8％，粒径为50～60目的粉末状或纤维状稻壳粉、木材碎屑、竹屑、农作物桔杆粉、豆类、玉米淀粉、棉花果壳、坚果硬壳或椰壳中的一种或几种。 
进一步，所述无机填料为工业沉淀法碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，其混合比例为：工业沉淀法碳酸钙：钛白粉：滑石粉＝3:0.8：2。 
进一步，所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂。 
进一步，所述的偶联剂为铝钛酸酯类偶联剂。 
进一步，所述的复合发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠及氧化锌的复合物。 
进一步，所述的发泡助剂为分子量介于550万～580万之间的丙烯酸酯类共聚物。 
更进一步，所述的工业沉淀法碳酸钙粒径为300～400目；所述的钛白粉粒径为200～250目；所述的滑石粉粒径为250～350目。 
本发明还提供一种高填充木塑发泡材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤： 
1)按上述重量份数分别称取如下原料：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料20～30份；有机填料70～85份、无机填料5～8份、偶联剂1.5～1.8份、马来酸酐2～5份、复合稳定剂5～7份、复合发泡剂1.0～2.0份、发泡助剂5～8份、小苏打2～3份、环氧大豆油3～5份； 
2)将所述重量份数的有机填料输入高速混炼机中，添加偶联剂和马来酸酐后，在80～90℃条件下，充分搅拌30分钟，冷却得到相容性较高的有机填料； 
3)将步骤所得相容性较高的有机填料再输入搅拌机中，添加环氧大豆油后， 在100～110℃条件下，混料5分钟，冷却至室温备用； 
4)将步骤3)所得混料输入高速混炼机中，启动高混，将称取的废旧塑料、PVC颗粒料及复合稳定剂通过上料系统投入高混，高速搅拌且将物料升温至90℃后，将经活化的有机填料、发泡助剂和小苏打同时加入高混并继续混合至110℃后加入复合发泡剂，继续混合至115～125℃排入冷混后，经搅拌充分冷却至40℃以下时，排入料车成可发泡混合料； 
混合料要求：外观分散均匀，色泽一致，没有结团、变色等现象；水含量应控制在1％以下；混合料的堆密度应控制在0.75～0.85g/ml； 
5)将所得可发泡混合料投入挤出机料斗中，经挤出机挤出，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后得到高填充木塑发泡材料。 
进一步，所述的发泡模具为逐步释放形式，模隙放大倍数从1.5～3.5倍，依不同发泡材料所需密度决定释放量，挤出发泡材料经冷却定型同步牵引，定长切断成所需尺寸，发泡材料密度在0.75～0.85g/cm3之间。 
与现有木塑复合发泡材料相比，本发明具有以下优点： 
1)本发明所提供的高填充木塑发泡材料，具有质轻、比强度高、防水、防腐、保温等优点，并且有木材可钉、可锯及可刨的加工特点。 
2)本发明所提供的高填充木塑发泡材料，可广泛用于建筑、运输、包装、家庭装饰及日用品市场。 
3)本发明所提供的高填充木塑发泡材料，具有配方成本低、材料密度低的显著特点，可大幅降低地板的综合造价，有极高的市场竞争力。 
4)本发明所提供的高填充木塑发泡材料，无机填料为碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，与单一碳酸钙或滑石粉相比，其力学性能显著提高，且堆积密度较高，抗断裂能力更强，还具有色泽均衡、白度高的特点。 
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明。 
实施例1 
一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的原料制成，具体的比例和原料如下：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料20份、有机填料70份、无机填料5份、偶联剂1.5份、马来酸酐2份、复合稳定剂5份、复合发泡剂1.0份、发泡助剂5份、小苏打2份、环氧大豆油3份。 
其中，所述的废旧塑料为废旧聚氯乙烯；所述的有机填料为为含水量≤8％，粒径为50目的粉末状稻壳粉；所述无机填料为工业沉淀法碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，其混合比例为：工业沉淀法碳酸钙：钛白粉：滑石粉＝3:0.8：2；所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；所述的偶联剂为铝钛酸酯类偶联剂；所述的复合发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠及氧化锌的复合物；所述的发泡助剂为分子量介于550万～580万之间的丙烯酸酯类共聚物；所述的工业沉淀法碳酸钙粒径为300目；所述的钛白粉粒径为200目；所述的滑石粉粒径为250目。 
所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料采用以下步骤制备而成： 
1)按上述重量份数分别称取如下原料； 
2)将所述重量份数的有机填料输入高速混炼机中，添加偶联剂和马来酸酐后，在80℃条件下，充分搅拌30分钟，冷却得到相容性较高的有机填料； 
3)将步骤所得相容性较高的有机填料再输入搅拌机中，添加环氧大豆油后，在100℃条件下，混料5分钟，冷却至室温备用； 
4)将步骤3)所得混料输入高速混炼机中，启动高混，将称取的废旧塑料、 
PVC颗粒料及复合稳定剂通过上料系统投入高混，高速搅拌且将物料升温至90℃后，将经活化的有机填料、发泡助剂和小苏打同时加入高混并继续混合至 110℃后加入复合发泡剂，继续混合至115℃排入冷混后，经搅拌充分冷却至40℃以下时，排入料车成可发泡混合料； 
混合料要求：外观分散均匀，色泽一致，没有结团、变色等现象；水含量应控制在1％以下；混合料的堆密度应控制在0.7～0.8g/ml； 
5)将所得可发泡混合料投入挤出机料斗中，经挤出机挤出，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后得到高填充木塑发泡材料。 
实施例2 
一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的原料制成，具体的比例和原料如下：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料25份、有机填料75份、无机填料6.5份、偶联剂1.7份、马来酸酐3.5份、复合稳定剂6份、复合发泡剂1.5份、发泡助剂6.5份、小苏打2.5份、环氧大豆油4份。 
其中，所述的废旧塑料为废旧聚乙烯；所述的有机填料为为含水量≤8％，粒径为55目的纤维状木材碎屑、农作物桔杆粉；所述无机填料为工业沉淀法碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，其混合比例为：工业沉淀法碳酸钙：钛白粉：滑石粉＝3:0.8：2；所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；所述的偶联剂为铝钛酸酯类偶联剂；所述的复合发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠及氧化锌的复合物；所述的发泡助剂为分子量介于550万～580万之间的丙烯酸酯类共聚物；所述的工业沉淀法碳酸钙粒径为300～400目；所述的钛白粉粒径为200～250目；所述的滑石粉粒径为250～350目。 
所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料采用以下步骤制备而成： 
1)按上述重量份数分别称取如下原料； 
2)将所述重量份数的有机填料输入高速混炼机中，添加偶联剂和马来酸酐后，在85℃条件下，充分搅拌30分钟，冷却得到相容性较高的有机填料； 
3)将步骤所得相容性较高的有机填料再输入搅拌机中，添加环氧大豆油后，在105℃条件下，混料5分钟，冷却至室温备用； 
4)将步骤3)所得混料输入高速混炼机中，启动高混，将称取的废旧塑料、 
PVC颗粒料及复合稳定剂通过上料系统投入高混，高速搅拌且将物料升温至90℃后，将经活化的有机填料、发泡助剂和小苏打同时加入高混并继续混合至110℃后加入复合发泡剂，继续混合至120℃排入冷混后，经搅拌充分冷却至40℃以下时，排入料车成可发泡混合料； 
混合料要求：外观分散均匀，色泽一致，没有结团、变色等现象；水含量应控制在1％以下；混合料的堆密度应控制在0.75～0.85g/ml； 
5)将所得可发泡混合料投入挤出机料斗中，经挤出机挤出，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后得到高填充木塑发泡材料。 
实施例3 
一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的原料制成，具体的比例和原料如下：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料30份、有机填料85份、无机填料8份、偶联剂1.8份、马来酸酐5份、复合稳定剂7份、复合发泡剂2.0份、发泡助剂8份、小苏打3份、环氧大豆油5份。 
其中，所述的废旧塑料为废旧苯乙烯；所述的有机填料为为含水量≤8％，粒径为60目的粉末状或纤维状农作物桔杆粉、豆类、玉米淀粉、棉花果壳、坚果硬壳或椰壳；所述无机填料为工业沉淀法碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，其混合比例为：工业沉淀法碳酸钙：钛白粉：滑石粉＝3:0.8：2；所述的复合稳定剂为钙锌复合稳定剂；所述的偶联剂为铝钛酸酯类偶联剂；所述的复合发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、碳酸氢钠及氧化锌的复合物；所述的发泡助剂为分子量介于550万～580万之间的丙烯酸酯类共聚物；所述的工业沉淀法碳酸钙粒径为 300～400目；所述的钛白粉粒径为200～250目；所述的滑石粉粒径为250～350目。 
所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料采用以下步骤制备而成： 
1)按上述重量份数分别称取如下原料； 
2)将所述重量份数的有机填料输入高速混炼机中，添加偶联剂和马来酸酐后，在90℃条件下，充分搅拌30分钟，冷却得到相容性较高的有机填料； 
3)将步骤所得相容性较高的有机填料再输入搅拌机中，添加环氧大豆油后，在110℃条件下，混料5分钟，冷却至室温备用； 
4)将步骤3)所得混料输入高速混炼机中，启动高混，将称取的废旧塑料、 
PVC颗粒料及复合稳定剂通过上料系统投入高混，高速搅拌且将物料升温至90℃后，将经活化的有机填料、发泡助剂和小苏打同时加入高混并继续混合至110℃后加入复合发泡剂，继续混合至125℃排入冷混后，经搅拌充分冷却至40℃以下时，排入料车成可发泡混合料； 
混合料要求：外观分散均匀，色泽一致，没有结团、变色等现象；水含量应控制在1％以下；混合料的堆密度应控制在0.75～0.8g/ml； 
5)将所得可发泡混合料投入挤出机料斗中，经挤出机挤出，通过发泡模具发泡成型，由定型模冷却定型后得到高填充木塑发泡材料。 

Claims (5)

1.一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：由以下重量份数的原料制成，具体的比例和原料如下：废旧塑料100份、PVC颗粒料20～30份、有机填料70～85份、无机填料5～8份、偶联剂1.5～1.8份、马来酸酐2～5份、复合稳定剂5～7份、复合发泡剂1.0～2.0份、发泡助剂5～8份、小苏打2～3份、环氧大豆油3～5份。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述的废旧塑料为废旧聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、苯乙烯中一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述的有机填料为为含水量≤8％，粒径为50～60目的粉末状或纤维状稻壳粉、木材碎屑、竹屑、农作物桔杆粉、豆类、玉米淀粉、棉花果壳、坚果硬壳或椰壳中的一种或几种。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述无机填料为工业沉淀法碳酸钙、钛白粉、滑石粉的混合物，其混合比例为：工业沉淀法碳酸钙：钛白粉：滑石粉＝3:0.8：2。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种高填充木塑发泡材料，其特征在于：所述的工业沉淀法碳酸钙粒径为300～400目；所述的钛白粉粒径为200～250目；所述的滑石粉粒径为250～350目。
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CN105001659A (zh) * 2015-08-13 2015-10-28 许超群 一种高耐磨木塑复合材料及其制备方法
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CN107118458A (zh) * 2017-04-17 2017-09-01 云南正邦科技有限公司 一种非发泡pvc基超高填充生物质纤维复合材料及制备方法
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