CN107029080A - 一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明“一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物及制备方法”,属于中药组合物,是黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的中药水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物的重量份组份为:灵芝15~45份,酸枣仁10~20份,淫羊藿4~12份,鹿茸2~8份,山药5~15份,菊花30~90份,石菖蒲15~45份。所述药物的制备方法是将黑木耳母种液接种到所述水提取液中发酵。本发明的药物对免疫力低下的人群具有整体调理作用,并能改善亚健康状况起到抗疲劳的疗效,且对睡眠质量有一定的改善功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及功能保健食品,具体地说明是涉及一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
现代社会的竞争加剧,节奏加快,现代人长期处于紧张的生活环境,工作压力大及过度疲劳,加上不正常的生活饮食习惯,造成免疫力普遍减弱并导致内分泌、神经系统、消化系统失调,免疫力逐渐降低,睡眠质量越来越差。
随着科学技术的发展,生活中的污染产生了各种有害物质,如药物、食品添加剂等释放的过氧化物;手机、电视、电脑等产生的辐射等,这些因素破坏人体细胞的完整性、稳定性、它对人体的伤害医学上称之为“氧化损伤”,此外,细菌、病毒的侵入,也会产生氧化损伤。氧化损伤容易造成人体脏器的病变,如肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、胃肠道疾病、糖尿病、肝病、白内障等。如何增强免疫力,提高人体抗氧化能力,成为全社会都关注的问题。
睡眠质量差导致精神状态萎靡不振,免疫力低下,直接导致工作效率低下。
发明内容
根据上述领域的需求和不足,本发明提供一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物及其制备方法。本发明药物为中成药,对免疫力低下的人群具有整体调理作用,并能改善亚健康状况起到抗疲劳的疗效,且对睡眠质量有一定的改善功效。本发明药物为保健药,没有任何的毒副作用,可以当食品服用。
本发明提供一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物,其特征在于,是黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的中药水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物的重量份组份为:灵芝15~45份,酸枣仁10~20份,淫羊藿4~12份,鹿茸2~8份,山药5~15份,菊花30~90份,石菖蒲15~45份。
所述中药原料药混合物的重量份组份为:灵芝25份,酸枣仁15份,淫羊藿8份,鹿茸6份,山药10份,菊花60份,石菖蒲30份。
所述黑木耳母种指黑木耳试管母种,接种量为每100kg所述中药水提取液中接种5~15管18mm×180mm规格的所述试管母种。
所述黑木耳母种指黑木耳菌丝母种液,接种量为:黑木耳菌丝母种液与中药水提取液的体积比例为5~15:100。
所述黑木耳菌丝母种液是由黑木耳试管母种以含有辅料的中药水提取液作为液体培养基制备而得,所述辅料的重量份组份为:磷酸氢二钾6份、磷酸二氢钾5份、硫酸锌3份、鹿胎粉10份、白糖45份、酵母浸膏21份、营养琼脂培养基100份,所述辅料占液体培养基的6~10%(w/w)。
以上述的药物为有效成分的药剂。
上述的改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:将黑木耳母种接种到所述中药水提取液中发酵。
所述发酵的步骤为:
(1)制备中药水提取液:向所述中药原料药的混合物中加饮用水煎煮提取4~5次,每次过滤取药汁,最后一次弃渣,合并所取的药汁得中药水提取液,所述中药水提取液的总质量是原料药总重量的5~10倍;
(2)接种:对所述中药水提取液进行常压灭活,待冷却至常温,接种黑木耳菌丝母种;
(3)深层发酵:发酵时间为72~144小时。
所述常压灭活指常压下水蒸汽灭活12小时,所述深层发酵72~144小时后,还需对发酵产物进行放罐、浓缩、焙干、过筛最后得粉状制品。
技术效果:
本发明提供一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物,是黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的水提取液为液体培养基进行共菌发酵的产物,本发明主要是通过提取中药原料药的水提取液,然后在中药水提取液中接种黑木耳菌丝母种液,进行深层发酵。本发明的制备方法中的优选的的方案中,试管黑木耳母种扩繁成菌丝液时所用的液体培养基为本发明配伍好的中药水提取液,这样能够使黑木耳菌丝预先适应以中药水提取液为培养基的扩繁环境,并使中药中的多糖与黑木耳多糖在发酵和深层发酵中发生两次缀合过程,形成复杂的大分子杂多糖,使本发明的药物中含有更高含量,更多种类的多糖缀合物,使其在改善睡眠,增强机体免疫力方面的效果更显著。服用本制品后,患者的免疫系统将受到植物多糖,木耳多糖以及它们的缀合物大分子物质的主动刺激,这使得本发明的制品在改善睡眠,增强机体免疫力的功效更显著,整体上既治标又固本。
在一些实施例中,黑木耳母种指液体菌丝母钟,液体菌丝母种是在深层发酵之前,用部分水提取液作为液体培养基,并在液体培养基中加入磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钾、硫酸锌、鹿胎粉、白糖、酵母浸膏、营养琼脂培养基等辅料制成母种的液体培养基,接种黑木耳试管母种后发酵而得。在这样些实施例中,中药中的植物多糖、鹿胎粉中的动物多糖发生发酵缀合过程,使得本发明的产品中大分子杂多糖的种类和比例都大幅度增加,从而在增强机体免疫力方面效果更显著。
到目前为止没有报道过黑木耳菌种在改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力病症方面的作用,本发明将黑木耳保护、修复脏腑脾肺、益气以及活血养血方面的效果,结合菖蒲化湿开窍;灵芝补气安神,扶正固本;酸枣仁的宁心安神;淫羊藿的祛风除湿;鹿茸祛虚扶损;山药的肾益精健脾益胃,菊花的疏散风热等方面的功效,以及其他中药原料药的功效,共同发酵,各有效成分在发酵过程中相互间产生了协同作用,增强作用效果,并且各有效成分的效果相互得到增强;该药物通过养血活血,顺通脉络,修复脏腑,补气培元,祛虚扶损清火,宁心安神达到增强免疫力,改善睡眠全面调节机体状态的效果,并且无任何毒副作用。
黑木耳:富含黑木耳多糖,黑木耳母种在发酵生长过程中产生多种酶,能够充分将原料药的水提取液中的糖元转化为合成木耳多糖的原料,变废为宝,通过发酵过程提高木耳多糖含量,节约成本。本发明的药物中,木耳多糖具有修复组织损伤、抗溃疡形成、提高机体免疫力的功能,对于本发明的药物发挥保护、修复脏腑脾肺,补气养血,疏通脉络具有重要的作用,其它几味原料药所起的作用各有偏重,共同相辅相成给予免疫力低下睡眠质量差的患者调和补的作用,而原料药成分经过提取和发酵,其药效成分更纯,毒副作用更小。本发明的实验例证明本发明提供的药物改善睡眠质量,提高患者免疫力方面,“标”和“本”兼治,使机体恢复到正常健康的代谢周期,疗程结束后不产生对药物的依赖。具体每种药物成分的作用简介如下:
黑木耳菌丝,菌丝体无色透明,是由许多横隔膜和分枝的管状菌丝组成,它是黑木耳分解和吸取养分的营养器官。性味归经:甘,平。功能主治:补气血,润肺,止血。用于气虚血亏,四肢搐搦,肺虚咳嗽,咯血,吐血,衄血,崩漏,高血压病,便秘。黑木耳菌丝在生长发育过程中,能分泌多种酶,对木质有很强的分解能力。木耳菌丝发酵过程中能将原料药中的木质素,纤维素、半纤维素分解成自身所需的C源,并合成木耳多糖,木耳多糖具有以下保健功能:1.降血糖。木耳多糖对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠高血糖有防治作用,使实验小鼠葡萄糖耐受量及耐受量曲线得到明显改善,还能减少糖尿病小鼠饮水量。(《中国药科大学学报》1989,3;《浙江食用菌》1993,1),2.降血脂:木耳多糖能明显降低高血脂症大鼠血清游离胆固醇、胆固醇脂、三酰甘油、β-脂蛋白含量,降低高胆固醇引起的小鼠高胆固醇血症的形成。(《中国药科大学学报》1989,6;《第五届全国药用真菌学术会议论文集》1990)。3.抑制血小板凝聚,4.抗血栓形成:木耳多糖可明显延长家兔特异性血栓及纤维蛋白血栓的形成时间,缩短血栓长度,减轻血栓湿重和干重,减少血小板数,降低血小板粘附率和血液粘度,并可明显缩短豚鼠优球蛋白溶解时间,降低血浆纤维蛋白原含量,升高纤溶酶活性,具有明显抗血栓形成的作用。(《药用真菌》1988,1)。5.提高机体免疫功能:木耳多糖对机体免疫功能有明显促进作用,包括增加脾指数,半倍溶血值和E玫瑰花结形成率,促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能和淋巴细胞转化率,增强机体细胞免疫和体液免疫功能,具有显著的抗肿瘤活性。(《南京药学院学报》1985,3;《中国药科大学学报》1989,4)。6.抗衰老:木耳多糖可使小鼠心肌组织褐脂质含量下降,使脑和肝中超氧化物歧化酶活力增加,对小鼠离体脑B型单氨氧化酶(MAO-B)活性起抑制作用,提示木耳多糖具有抗衰老活性。(《中国药科大学学报》1989,5)。7.对组织损伤具有修复作用:木耳多糖有明显增强核酸和蛋白质代谢的作用,能增加肝微粒体含量,促进血清蛋白质的生物合成,增强机体抗病能力,对机体损伤有保护作用。(《中国药科大学学报》1989,5;《南京药学院学报》1985,3)。8.改善心肌缺氧:木耳多糖能延长小鼠常压耐缺氧实验的生存时间,提高生存率,提示木耳多糖有对改善缺血心肌对氧的供求失调有一定作用。(《第五届全国药用真菌学术会议论文集》1990)。9.抗溃疡形成:木耳多糖能明显抑制大鼠应激型溃疡的形成,促进醋酸型胃溃疡的愈合,表明木耳多糖对抗胃溃疡形成的作用。(《广西中医药》1982,2)。本发明中所用的黑木耳菌丝母种,对菌种菌株没有特殊要求,市场上可买到的优质黑木耳菌丝母种即可。
石菖蒲(Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii),别名香菖蒲、昌本、菖蒲、昌阳、昌草、尧时薤、尧韭、木蜡、阳春雪、望见消、水剑草、苦菖蒲、粉菖、剑草、剑叶、山菖蒲、溪菖、石蜈蚣、野韭菜、水蜈蚣、香草;属天南星科,为禾草状的多年生草本植物,其根茎具气味。根茎常作药用。分布于亚洲,包括印度东北部、泰国北部、中国、韩国、日本、菲律宾与印尼等国。生长于海拔20米至2600米的地区,多生在密林下。药材基源:为天南星科植物石菖蒲的根茎。早春或冬末挖出根茎,剪去叶片和须根,洗净晒干,撞去毛须即成。性味归经:辛、苦,温。归心、胃经。功能主治:化湿开胃,开窍豁痰,醒神益智。用于脘痞不饥,噤口下痢,神昏癫痫,健忘耳聋。理气,活血,散风,去湿。治癫痫,痰厥,热病神昏,健忘,气闭耳聋,心胸烦闷,胃痛,腹痛,风寒湿痹,痈疽肿毒,跌打损伤。
灵芝为多孔菌科真菌赤芝Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.或紫芝Ganoderma sinense Zhao,Xu et Zhang的干燥子实体。性味甘、平。归心、肺、肝、肾经。具有补气安神,扶正固本的作用。灵芝作为药物首载于汉代的《神农本草经》内,古代医学家均认为灵芝能治疗多种疾病,是滋补强壮,扶正固本的珍贵药物。早在春秋战国时期,人们就认识到了灵芝,并将其作为上上品滋补药材用于治病和保健中。《本草纲目》记载,灵芝能“治胸中结,溢心气”,“入心生血,助心充脉”,“安神”,“保神”,“益肺气”,“益脾气”,“益精气”,“补肝气”等,对全身五脏之气均有补益作用。灵芝多糖(Polysaccharides)是灵芝的主要活性成分,其种类很多,有葡聚糖、杂聚糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、甘露岩藻半乳聚糖、阿拉伯糖、阿拉伯木质葡聚糖等;此外还含有三萜类、蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸和微量元素等多种成分。
酸枣仁,别名枣仁、酸枣核、山枣仁。由鼠李科乔木酸枣成熟果实去果肉、核壳,收集种子,晒干而成。主要成分:酸枣仁皂苷(jujuboside)、白桦脂酸、桦木素等,含油脂约32%。功能主治:有宁心安神;养肝;敛汗的功效,主治虚烦不眠;惊悸怔忡;烦渴,体虚自汗、盗汗,虚汗。①《本经》:主心腹寒热,邪结气聚,四肢酸疼,湿痹。②《别录》:主烦心不得眠,脐上下痛,血转久泄,虚汗烦渴,补中,益肝气,坚筋骨,助阴气,令人肥健。③《药性论》:主筋骨风,炒末作汤服之。④《本草拾遗》:睡多生使,不得睡炒熟。⑤王好古:治胆虚不眠,寒也,炒服;治胆实多睡,热也,生用。⑥《本草汇言》:敛气安神,荣筋养髓,和胃运脾。⑦《本草再新》:平肝理气,润肺养阴,温中利湿,敛气止汗,益志定呵,聪耳明目。
淫羊藿又称仙灵脾,(学名:Epimedium brevicornu Maxim.)多年生草本植物淫羊藿。淫羊藿全草可供药用。主治阳萎早泄,腰酸腿痛,四肢麻木,半身不遂,神经衰弱,健忘,耳鸣,目眩等症。补肾壮阳,祛风除湿。治阳痿不举,小便淋沥,筋骨挛急,半身不遂,腰膝无力,风湿痹痛,四肢不仁。
鹿茸是名贵药材。鹿茸中含有磷脂、糖脂、胶脂、激素、脂肪酸、氨基酸、蛋白质及钙、磷、镁、钠等成分,其中氨基酸成分占总成分的一半以上。鹿茸中多胺类[精眯(spermidine)、精胺(spermine)、腐胺(putrescine)]对化合物是刺激核酸和蛋白质合成的有效成分。此外,鹿茸中尚含有硫酸软骨素A等酸性多糖物质,雌酮(esrone),神经髓鞘磷脂(sphingomyeline),神经节式酯(ganglioside),雌二醇(estradiol),前列腺素PGE1、前列腺素PGE2、前列腺素PGF1a、前列腺素PGF1B,神经酰胺(ceramide)及钙、磷、镁等20种元素。功能主治:肾虚、头晕、耳聋、目暗、阳痿、滑精、宫冷不孕、羸瘦、神疲、畏寒、腰脊冷痛、筋骨痿软、崩漏带下、阴疽不敛及久病虚损等症。
山药又称薯蓣、土薯、山薯蓣、怀山药、淮山、白山药,是《中华本草》收载的草药,药用来源为薯蓣科植物山药干燥根茎。性味:甘、平、无毒。山药归经:归脾、肺、肾经。功能主治:滋养强壮,健脾益胃,助消化,滋肾益精,益肺止咳,预防心血管病,延年益寿,抗肝昏迷,减肥健美,敛虚汗,止泻之功效,主治脾虚腹泻、肺虚咳嗽、糖尿病消渴、小便短频、遗精、妇女带下及消化不良的慢性肠炎。山药最适宜与灵芝搭配服用,具有防治糖尿病的作用,山药在食品业和加工业上大有发展前途。现代科学分析,山药的最大特点是含有大量的黏蛋白。黏蛋白是一种多糖蛋白质的混合物,对人体具有特殊的保健作用,能防止脂肪沈积在心血管上,保持血管弹性,阻止动脉粥样硬化过早发生;可减少皮下脂肪堆积;能防止结缔组织的萎缩,预防类风湿关节炎、硬皮病等胶原病的发生。其所含的多巴胺,具有扩张血管、改善血液循环的重要功能,该成分在治疗中占有重要位置。
菊花(拉丁学名:Dendranthema morifolium(Ramat.)Tzvel.):在植物分类学中是菊科、菊属的多年生宿根草本植物。菊花的主要成分有挥发油(0.20-/0-0.85%)、腺嘌呤、胆碱、水苏碱、菊苷及黄酮类化合物。挥发油主要有龙脑、樟脑、菊酮和醋酸龙脑酷等成分,黄酮类成分有木樨草素、芹菜素、刺槐素等。此外,菊花中还含有丰富的维生素、氨基酸、微量元素等。菊花味微辛、甘、苦,性微寒。能疏散风热,清肝明目,平肝阳,解毒。用于感冒风热,发热头昏;肝经有热;目赤多泪,或肝肾阴虚,眼目昏花;肝阳上亢,眩晕头痛;疮疡肿痛。现代又用于冠心病、高血压病。
鹿胎粉是用梅花鹿或马鹿的胎制成。鹿胎粉粉质细腻,颜色深黄,气味酥香。现代科学证明:鹿胎中含有17种氨基酸、22种无机成分、多种维生素及酮、雌酮硫酸盐、雌二醇和6种特定脂溶性成分,据《本草纲目》记载:“鹿胎调经养颜解诸毒”,具有补精血、返少阳的作用,是女性滋补调养、延缓衰老的极品。鹿胎粉为药食同源的产品,服用期间没有禁忌,可以正常服用。
本发明还提供上述药物的制备方法,主要是先将配伍好的原料药灵芝,酸枣仁,淫羊藿,鹿茸,山药,菊花,石菖蒲进行煎煮提取药用成分,去药渣后在提取液中接种适量的黑木耳母种,然后在适宜温度下深层发酵72~144小时,能够保证发酵充分,有效固体物含量高,多糖含量高,其获得的药物治疗功效最好,依照深层发酵时,罐内外的温度和培养基的养分及通氧量的不同,而发酵时间可以有所不同。
本发明生产过程简单,非常适合企业规模化生产,并且毒副作用小,作用持久,经济实惠。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。实施例1.药物制备
步骤1.中药水提取液制备
中药原料及其重量份:灵芝25份,酸枣仁15份,淫羊藿8份,鹿茸6份,山药10份,菊花60份,石菖蒲30份。
1)按上述原料药组分一共称取28kg,置于150kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~55kg,留药渣;
2)再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮约三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~50kg,留药渣;
3)重复步骤2)4~5次,最后一次弃渣;
4)将上述几步的药汁合并,得总计重量约150kg中药水提取液。
步骤2.制备黑木耳菌丝母种液
材料:黑木耳母种ACCC 50438:中国农业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(AgriculturalCulture Collection of China英文缩写ACCC),保藏编号50438;
上述黑木耳母种,申请人实验室亦有保存,并制备成试管黑木耳菌丝母种液,自申请日起二十年可向公众发放用于实验研究。用于本发明的黑木耳母种也可以是商购途径得到,没有特别要求。
材料:
1.步骤1的中药水提取液
2.营养琼脂培养基;(上海中药昆虫生物科技开发有限公司康乐培养基厂)
3.酵母浸膏;(北京双旋微生物培养基制品厂)
4.磷酸氢二钾;(广东汕头西陇化工厂)
5.硫酸锌(分析纯);(上海兴塔化工厂)
6.鹿胎粉;(双阳区文举鹿产品经销处)
7.磷酸二氢钾;(青岛市广汇化工厂)
8.白糖;(超市购买)
9.高锰酸钾;(天津恒兴化学制剂有限公司)
10.福尔马林;(山东济南试剂厂)
11.菌丝母种试管。
器具:
1.500ml玻璃瓶;
2.手提高压锅,电煤双用;(上海申仪三厂)
3.摇床:D4-900;(江苏太仑市实验设备厂)
4.超净工作台;
5.酒精灯;
6.勾、耙、针、刀;
7.火柴;
8.消毒棉花;
9.75%乙醇;
10.橡皮筋。
方法:
1)在15kg步骤1得到的中药水提取液内分别加入磷酸氢二钾60g、磷酸二氢钾50g、硫酸锌30g、鹿胎粉100g、白糖450g、酵母浸膏20g、,搅拌并加温至100℃,放入营养琼脂培养基1000g,溶化后再添加中药水提取液制成25kg混浊液。
2)将12.5kg混浊液注入500ml玻璃瓶内,每瓶400ml,一共得12瓶,置入手提高压锅内在0.012MP/cm2,30min,取出后冷却至28℃~34℃,放入超净工作台内。
3)工具和器具以及灭活后的培养基放入超净工作台内,用30g高锰酸钾置入盛有50%福尔马林30ml的器皿中,接种用的勾、耙、针、刀放入该器皿中灭菌30min。将试管内黑木耳菌丝母种,切成3份,每份分别接入400ml/瓶的混浊液内,静养120min~150min。
4)在摇床上以20次/min,振荡72~96小时即分别得到黑木耳菌丝母种液。
步骤3.深层发酵
将步骤1获得的中药水提取液置于题为《食用菌液体菌种培养罐的罐盖及培养罐》专利号为ZL03270560.3的发酵罐中作为发酵底物。并将发酵罐推入《饱和蒸气无压锅炉》专利号为ZL200320126611.8的的锅炉中常压水蒸汽灭活12小时。待罐内底物冷却至28~34℃时,用名称为“食用菌液体注射杆及包含该注射杆的注射器”专利号为ZL200320126960.X的接种注射器,将步骤2制备得到的黑木耳菌丝母种液注入到中药水提取液中;接种量:黑木耳菌丝母种液与中药水提取液的体积比例为10~15:100,在22~28℃(黑木耳菌丝生长适宜温度为:22~28℃)环境下深层发酵72~144小时,放罐。
步骤4.制取药物:
放罐后得到的深层发酵产物,进行浓缩,焙干,过筛得粉状制品8kg,部分保留粉剂状态,制成胶囊,每粒含0.35g粉剂。
实施例2
步骤1.中药水提取液制备
中药原料及其重量份:灵芝15份,酸枣仁20份,淫羊藿4份,鹿茸8份,山药5份,菊花90份,石菖蒲15份;
1)按上述原料药组分一共称取20kg,置于120kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到35~55kg,留药渣;
2)再注入125kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮约三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~45kg,留药渣;
3)重复步骤2)3~5次,最后一次弃渣;
4)将上述几步的药汁合并,得总计重量约150kg中药水提取液。
其它步骤同实施例1.
实施例3
步骤1.中药水提取物制备
中药原料及其重量份:灵芝45份,酸枣仁10份,淫羊藿12份,鹿茸2份,山药15份,菊花30份,石菖蒲45份;
1)按上述原料药组分一共称取30kg,置于150kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到40~55kg,留药渣;
2)再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮约三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~55kg,留药渣;
3)重复步骤2)2次,最后一次弃渣;
4)将上述几步的药汁合并,得总计重量约150kg中药水提取液。
其它步骤同实施例1.
实施例4
用于本实施例中的黑木耳母种为购买自中国农业科学院农业微生物菌种保藏中心的试管母种(试管规格18mm×180mm),保藏号:Accc 50134。
申请人实验室亦有保存,自申请日起二十年可向公众发放用于实验研究。
步骤1.中药水提取液制备
中药原料及其重量份:灵芝17份,酸枣仁19份,淫羊藿9份,鹿茸7份,山药14份,菊花50份,石菖蒲33份。
1)按上述原料药组分一共称取25kg,置于140kg饮用水中,大火煮沸,并用小火再煎煮三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~50kg,留药渣;
2)再注入130kg饮用水,大火煮沸后小火再煎煮约三小时,过滤取汁约得到30~55kg,留药渣;
3)重复步骤2)3次,最后一次弃渣;
4)将上述几步的药汁合并,得总计重量约150kg中药水提取液。
步骤2.用购买的保藏号为Accc 50134的黑木耳试管母种进行深层发酵
将步骤1获得的中药水提取液置于题为《食用菌液体菌种培养罐的罐盖及培养罐》专利号为ZL03270560.3的发酵罐中作为发酵底物。并将发酵罐推入《饱和蒸气无压锅炉》专利号为ZL200320126611.8的的锅炉中常压水蒸汽灭活12小时。待罐内底物冷却至28~34℃时,用名称为“食用菌液体注射杆及包含该注射杆的注射器”专利号为ZL200320126960.X的接种注射器,每100kg中药水提取液中接种5~15管(18mm×180mm)黑木耳试管母种,在18~30℃(黑木耳菌丝生长适宜温度为:15~36℃)环境下进行深层发酵,72~144小时后放罐。步骤3.制取药物:
放罐后得到的深层发酵产物,进行浓缩,焙干,过筛得粉状制品7.8kg,部分保留粉剂状态,制成胶囊,每粒含0.35g粉剂。
实验例.临床统计
本发明提供的是一种具有增强机体免疫力并能改善睡眠质量的药物,本发明药物为保健药相当于保健食品为证明其具有免疫功能,依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》2003年版(功能学评价检验方法)进行实现。根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对改善睡眠功能保健药物的判定标准,经过动物实验和人体实验表明,本发明药物具有明显的改善睡眠功能。
1、增强机体免疫力功能学实验
1.1材料
1.1.1动物及饲养
清洁级昆明种雄性小鼠80只,雌性小鼠40只,体重19-24g,由湖南农业大学动物科技学院实验动物养殖场提供。
1.1.2主要试剂
绵羊红细胞(SRBC),Hank氏液(pH7.2-7.4),RPMI 1640培养液,小牛血清,青链霉索,刀豆蛋白A(ConA),MTT,补体(豚鼠血清),SA缓冲液,印度墨汁,都氏试剂,YAC-1细胞,3H-TdR等。
1.2方法
细胞免疫功能测定:本发明样品的高、中、低三个剂量组均能明显增强免疫抑制小鼠迟发型超敏反应值,说明细胞免疫结果阳性;脾淋巴细胞转化实验中,体外细胞培养结果显示,在样品的浓度大于等于0.01562mg/ml时,本发明样品均有三个浓度以上有明显的增强脾淋巴细胞增值的作用。
体液免疫实验测定:本发明样品的高、中、低三个剂量组均能明显增强免疫抑制小鼠HC50值,说明该产品体液免疫功能结果阳性。
单核-巨噬细胞功能测定:本发明样品三个剂量组均能明显增大免疫抑制小鼠吞噬指数K,增大腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞百分率和吞噬指数;本发明样品三个剂量组均能明显增强小鼠碳廓清能力。说明单核-巨噬细胞功能结果阳性。
NK细胞活性测定:体外细胞实验表明,当本发明胶囊的浓度大于1.0mg/ml的4个浓度能明显增大NK细胞活性。说明NK细胞活性测定结果阳性。
1)增强免疫功能动物实验结果:
本发明样品对小鼠免疫功能的影响总体评价表
注:“*”表示对照高剂量组与空白对照组比较有显著性影响,其中*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
“-”表示无显著性影响;
“△”表示本发明样品各剂量组与对照高剂量组比较有显著性差异,其中△P<0.05;△△P<0.01。
空白:蒸馏水
样品:实施例1得到的产品
对照例1制得的产品。
2)抗氧化功能实验结果:
本发明样品三个剂量组和对照高剂量组均可显著提高D-半乳糖所致小鼠衰老模型的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,说明本发明样品和对照均具有抗氧化功能,并且样品的抗氧化效力还强于对照。
本发明样品和对照抗氧化作用总体评价表
注:“*”表示高剂量对照与空白对照组比较有显著性影响,其中*P<0.05,**P<0.01;
“-”表示无显著性影响;
“△”表示本发明样品各剂量组与高剂量对照比较有显著性差异,其中△P<0.05;△△P<0.01。
空白:蒸馏水
样品:实施例3得到的产品
对照例2制得的产品。
2改善睡眠功能学动物实验
2.1材料与方法
2.1.1仪器与试剂 实施例4制备的本发明保健食品为受试物,电子天平、秒表、自发活动计数器、戊巴比妥钠。
2.1.2实验动物 ICR种小鼠,断乳SD大鼠,清洁级,由武汉市医学动物实验中心提供,动物合格证号:鄂医试0708.使用许可证号:EYS0805。
2.2方法
2.2.1对自发活动的影响 小鼠48只雌雄各半,随机分成四组。本发明实施例4保健食品高、中、低剂量组分别给予10.0ml/Kg、5.0ml/Kg、2.5ml/kg本发明保健食品药物,对照组给予同体积生理盐水。连续灌胃30d,末次给药后30min,将小鼠放入自发活动计数器内适应5min,然后记录5min内小鼠的活动资料。
2.2.2对戊巴比妥钠睡眠时间的影响,小鼠60只,雌雄兼用,随机分成4组。本发明药物高、中、低剂量组分别给予10.0ml/Kg、5.0ml/Kg、2.5ml/kg本发明药物,对照组给予同体积生理盐水。连续灌胃30d,末次给药后30min,每组小鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠40mg/kg。记录小鼠的睡眠时间(以翻正反射消失为入睡时间,从翻正反射消失至恢复时间为睡眠持续时间)
2.2.3对戊巴比妥钠阈下睡眠剂量影响 小鼠分组及给本发明药物同1.3.2,连续灌胃30d,末次给药后30min,各组动物腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠30mg/kg,观察给戊巴比妥钠后30min内各组发生睡眠的动物数(以翻正反射消失1min以上为指标)
2.3本发明药物的改善睡眠功能学实验结果见表1、2、3、4
2.3.1对自发活动的影响 见表1本发明药物高剂量组能明显减少小鼠的自发活动次数,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)
表1本发明药物对小鼠5min自发活动的影响
本发明药物对戊巴比妥钠诱导睡眠时间的影响见表2
表2本发明药物对戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠时间的影响
*与空白对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
本发明药物对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠实验的影响见表3
表3本发明药物对戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量小鼠入睡发生率的影响
*与空白对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
本发明药物对戊巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期的影响见表4
表4本发明药物对小鼠戊巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期的影响
*与空白对照组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
**与空白对照组相比有较显著性差异(P<0.01)。
经口给予小鼠不同剂量的本发明药物32d,对照组及三个剂量组在给予受试物60min内,均未发现有直接睡眠现象。与空白对照组比较,本发明药物在中剂量组能延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间(P<0.05)、缩短巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期(P<0.05);在高剂量组能延长戊巴比妥钠诱导的小鼠睡眠时间(P<0.05)、提高戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量小鼠入睡动物发生率(P<0.05)、缩短巴比妥钠睡眠潜伏期(P<0.01)。本发明药物对小鼠体重增长无不良影响。根据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)对改善睡眠功能保健食品的判定标准,可确定本发明药物动物实验结果表明具有改善睡眠功能。
3改善睡眠功能学动物实验的临床观察
(1)适宜人群情况
参加实验的适宜人群志愿者共50例,其中男28例,女22例,男女比1.27:1。年龄30—40岁5例,41—50岁19例,51—60岁16例,60岁以上10例。其中职业干部20人,教师12人,工人8人,学生7人,其他3人。
(2)实验情况
剂量分组及本发明药物给予时间实验设低、中、高剂量3个剂量组和1个空白对照组,实施例4制备的本发明药物以成人推荐量每日口服700mg/d,按成人60kg体重计,即12mg/(kg体重)对照组采用空白对照。本发明药物给予时间共4周30d。服用本发明药物一周后,适宜人群在安静休息状态下,89%的需要改善睡眠的人群感觉能很快进入甜睡状态,连续睡眠一般不少于8小时。中间起夜者占21%,继续服用后,一般情况下都进入正常状态。
结论:服用本发明的药物改善睡眠的全过程是一个循序渐进的过程,中草药效果,欲速则不达。饮用1个时期后,睡眠呈波动状态,在波峰时继续饮用。一般情况下饮用1个时期以后睡眠逐渐趋于稳定,饮用一个月内,睡眠基本恢复正常,再继续坚持饮用后就不存在睡眠不良之状况了。有效:各型需改善睡眠人群经食用本发明药物一个时期,睡眠稳定在正常范围内,一般不需要停用,因为本药物同时具有多项保健功能,可以继续服用。通过临床验证,本发明药物除了具有改善睡眠之功效以外,还能平衡血压、缓解体力疲劳、延缓衰老、降低头痛之发生率、增加记忆力、有的人还具有增加工作强度的作用。长期服用本发明药物无任何毒副作用和不良反应。
Claims (9)
1.一种改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物,其特征在于,是黑木耳母种以中药原料药混合物的中药水提取液为培养基的发酵产物;所述中药原料药混合物的重量份组份为:灵芝15~45份,酸枣仁10~20份,淫羊藿4~12份,鹿茸2~8份,山药5~15份,菊花30~90份,石菖蒲15~45份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的药物,其特征在于,所述中药原料药混合物的重量份组份为:灵芝25份,酸枣仁15份,淫羊藿8份,鹿茸6份,山药10份,菊花60份,石菖蒲30份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的药物,所述黑木耳母种指黑木耳试管母种,接种量为每100kg所述中药水提取液中接种5~15管18mm×180mm规格的所述试管母种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的药物,其特征在于,所述黑木耳母种指黑木耳菌丝母种液,接种量为:黑木耳菌丝母种液与中药水提取液的体积比例为5~15:100。
5.根据权利要求4所述的药物,其特征在于,所述黑木耳菌丝母种液是由黑木耳试管母种以含有辅料的中药水提取液作为液体培养基制备而得,所述辅料的重量份组份为:磷酸氢二钾6份、磷酸二氢钾5份、硫酸锌3份、鹿胎粉10份、白糖45份、酵母浸膏21份、营养琼脂培养基100份,所述辅料占液体培养基的6~10%(w/w)。
6.以权利要求1~5任一所述的药物为有效成分的药剂。
7.权利要求1~5任一所述的改善睡眠并能增强机体免疫力的药物的制备方法,其特征在于:将黑木耳母种接种到所述中药水提取液中发酵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵的步骤为:
(1)制备中药水提取液:向所述中药原料药的混合物中加饮用水煎煮提取4~5次,每次过滤取药汁,最后一次弃渣,合并所取的药汁得中药水提取液,所述中药水提取液的总质量是原料药总重量的5~10倍;
(2)接种:对所述中药水提取液进行常压灭活,待冷却至常温,接种黑木耳菌丝母种;
(3)深层发酵:发酵时间为72~144小时。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述常压灭活指常压下水蒸汽灭活12小时,所述深层发酵72~144小时后,还需对发酵产物进行放罐、浓缩、焙干、过筛最后得粉状制品。
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