CN107028634A - 具有可旋转致动释放的装载单元锁定圈 - Google Patents

具有可旋转致动释放的装载单元锁定圈 Download PDF

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CN107028634A
CN107028634A CN201610834743.8A CN201610834743A CN107028634A CN 107028634 A CN107028634 A CN 107028634A CN 201610834743 A CN201610834743 A CN 201610834743A CN 107028634 A CN107028634 A CN 107028634A
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安东尼·斯格罗伊
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Abstract

提供了一种具有可旋转致动释放的装载单元锁定圈。装载单元包括壳体组件和锁定圈。所述壳体组件具有限定了锁定狭槽和近侧开口的环形环。近侧开口构造成接纳手术器械的远侧端部。所述锁定圈可旋转地围绕环形环布置。所述锁定圈具有主体，所述主体包括具有向内延伸的锁的挠性凸起。所述锁定圈能够围绕环形环在锁定构造和未锁定构造之间移动。在所述锁定构造中，锁穿过环形环的锁定狭槽并进入近侧开口。在所述未锁定构造中，锁定圈的主体从锁定构造起围绕环形环旋转以将锁从近侧开口内移出。

Description

具有可旋转致动释放的装载单元锁定圈
技术领域
本公开总体涉及手术吻合器械。更具体地，本公开涉及包括可更换的装载单元的圆形手术吻合器械。
背景技术
构造成在手术操作中结合组织部份的手术吻合器械是公知的。这些器械包括定向成平行于或横向于器械的纵向轴线的线性末端执行器以及圆形末端执行器。典型地，线性吻合器械包括一次性装载单元或允许吻合器械多次使用的可更换钉仓。然而，常规的圆形吻合器械包括如下的钉仓或壳体组件：其通常固定地附接至器械从而使得器械必须在单次使用之后被处理掉。一些圆形吻合器械包括可更换的钉仓或壳体组件。
本领域存在对用于将钉仓或壳体组件可释放地紧固至圆形吻合器械以便于吻合器械的重复使用的简单便宜的器械的需求。
发明内容
在本公开的方案中，装载单元包括壳体组件和锁定圈。壳体组件具有环形环，所述环形环限定了被构造成接纳手术器械的远侧端部的近侧开口。环形环限定有锁定狭槽。锁定圈可旋转地围绕环形环布置，并且具有包括挠性凸起的主体。所述挠性凸起包括从挠性凸起向内延伸的锁。所述锁定圈能够围绕环形环在锁定构造和未锁定构造之间移动。在所述锁定构造中，锁穿过环形环的锁定狭槽并进入近侧开口。在所述未锁定构造中，锁从近侧开口内移出。所述主体可以部分地裂开以形成挠性凸起。
在方案中，环形环的外表面限定有沟槽，并且所述锁定圈包括被接纳在沟槽内的向内延伸的行进肋。所述行进肋可以限制锁定圈围绕环形环的旋转度数。
在一些方案中，装载单元包括保持环，所述保持环在锁定圈的近侧围绕环形环定位，以防止锁定圈相对于环形环的轴向移动。保持环可以包括多个向内延伸的保持凸起，并且环形环可以限定有定位在锁定狭槽近侧的多个保持狭槽。多个保持狭槽中的每个可以构造成接纳相应的保持凸起以将保持环固定至环形环。
在一些方案中，挠性凸起是弹性的并且定位成将锁定圈推动至锁定构造。锁可以具有纵向凸轮表面和径向凸轮表面。径向凸轮表面可以定位成响应于锁定圈的主体相对于环形环的朝向未锁定构造的旋转而接合环形环以使锁向外移动。径向凸轮表面可以定位成接合环形环，以使得当锁和锁定狭槽未对准时，挠性凸起的弹性引起径向凸轮表面将锁定圈朝向锁定构造推动。
在本公开的另一个方案中，手术系统包括手术器械、装载单元以及锁定圈。手术器械包括限定有锁定窗口的远侧端部。装载单元包括具有环形环的壳体组件，所述环形环限定有近侧开口和锁定狭槽。手术器械的远侧端部被接纳在近侧开口内。锁定圈围绕环形环可旋转地布置以将装载单元紧固至手术器械的远侧端部。锁定圈具有包括挠性凸起的主体。挠性凸起具有从挠性凸起向内延伸的锁。所述锁定圈能够围绕环形环在锁定构造和未锁定构造之间移动。在所述锁定构造中，锁穿过环形环的锁定狭槽和手术器械的远侧端部的锁定窗口以将锁定圈紧固至手术器械的远侧端部。在所述未锁定构造中，锁从锁定窗口内移出以将装载单元从手术器械的远侧端部释放。
在方案中，环形环包括延伸入近侧开口的键。手术器械的远侧端部可以限定有键槽。键平行于壳体组件的纵向轴线，并且键槽平行于手术器械的远侧端部的纵向轴线。键被接纳在键槽内以将装载单元可旋转地固定至手术器械的远侧端部。
在一些方案中，锁具有纵向凸轮表面。手术器械的远侧端可以构造成当手术器械的远侧端部接纳在近侧开口内时接合纵向凸轮表面以使锁向外移动，直到锁定窗口对准环形环的锁定狭槽。锁可以具有径向凸轮表面，所述径向凸轮表面响应于锁定圈的主体的围绕环形环的旋转而接合环形环以使锁定圈转换至未锁定构造。
在本公开的另一个方案中，一种将装载单元紧固至手术器械的方法包括：将装载单元的近侧环形环与手术器械的远侧端部对准；使环形环在手术器械的远侧端部上滑动；以及继续使装载单元在远侧端部上滑动直到在手术器械的远侧端部中限定的锁定窗口与锁对准，以使得挠性凸起的弹性将锁移入锁定窗口从而将装载单元紧固至手术器械。随着环形环在手术器械的远侧端部上滑动，手术器械的远侧端接合锁定圈的锁。
在方案中，所述方法包括将装载单元从手术器械的远侧端部释放。通过使锁定圈围绕环形环旋转以将锁从锁定窗口内移出并且通过使装载单元滑动离开手术器械的远侧端部，装载单元被释放。使锁定圈围绕环形环的旋转可以使锁的径向凸轮表面接合环形环以将锁从锁定窗口内抬起。可以在使装载单元滑动离开手术器械的远侧端部后释放锁定圈，以使得径向凸轮表面响应于挠性凸起的弹性而接合环形环从而使锁定圈围绕环形环旋转。
在一些方案中，将装载单元的近侧环与手术器械的远侧端部对准包括将装载单元的键与在手术器械的远侧端部中限定的键槽径向对准。使环形环在手术器械的远侧端部上滑动可以包括使键滑入手术器械的键槽。
此外，为了保持一致，在此描述的任何方案可以与在此描述的任意其它方案或所有其他方案结合使用。
附图说明
将参照附图在下文中描述本公开的各个方案，附图包含在说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，其中：
图1A是圆形吻合接合器的立体图，其中，装载单元依照本公开可释放地联接至圆形吻合接合器的远侧端；
图1B是圆形吻合手术器械的立体图，其中，图1A的装载单元可释放地联接至手术器械的远侧端；
图2是图1A的接合器的立体图，其中装载单元从接合器脱离；
图3是图2的装载单元的部件分离的分解图；
图4是图3的装载单元的壳体组件的立体图；
图5是图3的装载单元的锁定圈的立体图；
图6是沿图2的剖面线6-6截取的装载单元和接合器的远侧端部的纵剖视图；
图7是沿图6的剖面线7-7截取的剖视图；
图8是沿图6的剖面线8-8截取的剖视图；
图9是部分地接纳在图2的装载单元的环形环内的图2的接合器的远侧端部的纵剖视图；
图10是沿图9的剖面线10-10截取的剖视图；
图11是接纳在图2的装载单元的环形环内的图2的接合器的远侧端部的纵剖视图；
图12是沿图11的剖面线12-12截取的剖视图；
图13是沿图11的剖面线13-13截取的剖视图；
图14是沿图11的剖面线14-14截取的剖视图；
图15是布置在接合器的远侧端部上的图2的装载单元的立体图，其中锁定圈旋转到未锁定构造；
图16是沿图15的剖面线16-16截取的剖视图；
图17是沿图15的剖面线17-17截取的剖视图；和
图18是图15的装载单元从接合器的远侧端部释放的立体图，其中锁定圈返回至锁定构造。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图详细说明本公开的实施例，在附图中，在几幅视图的每个中，相同附图标记指代相同或对应的元件。如本文所用，术语“临床医生”指医生、护士或任何其它护理提供者，并且可以包括辅助人员。贯穿本说明书，术语“近侧”指的是装置或其部件的最靠近临床医生的部分，而术语“远侧”指的是装置或其部件的最远离临床医生的部分。
本公开总体涉及包括锁定圈的装载单元，所述锁定圈将装载单元可释放地紧固至手术器械的或用于手术器械的接合器的远侧端。锁定圈围绕装载单元可旋转地布置，并包括具有纵向凸轮表面和径向凸轮表面的锁。当锁定圈在手术器械上滑动时，纵向凸轮表面被手术器械的远侧端接合从而向外弯曲支撑锁定圈的锁的挠性凸起。当装载单元完全接纳在手术器械的远侧端上时，装载单元的锁定窗口变得与锁对准。当这发生时，挠性凸起的弹性引起锁移入锁定窗口从而将装载单元紧固至手术器械的远侧端。锁定圈可围绕装载单元旋转，以使得径向凸轮表面接合装载单元以向外弯曲挠性凸起直到锁从手术器械的锁定窗口移除从而将装载单元从手术器械的远侧端释放。
参考图1A和图1B，提供根据本公开的实施例的装载单元10。装载单元10构造为经由手术器械的接合器102选择性地连接至动力手持式机电器械(未示出)。可替代地，装载单元10可构造用于直接连接至如在美国专利第8,789,737号(“'737专利”)中描述的手动致动式手柄组件或吻合器械700(图1B)，上述专利通过引用合并于此。在图示的实施例中，装载单元10可释放地联接到接合器102的远侧端部110，并包括吻合钉钉仓12(图3)、壳体组件20以及锁定圈40。装载单元10还可以包括砧座400(图1B)。接合器102构造为传递例如机电致动器(未示出)的吻合器械的致动器的移动以致动壳体组件20来缝合和切割组织(未示出)。接合器102的近侧端104可附接至吻合器械来致动吻合钉钉仓12。可以想到的是，接合器102的近侧端104可附接至如在'737专利中描述的手动致动式器械以致动吻合钉钉仓12。
关于示例性接合器和装载单元的结构和功能的详细说明，请参考2014年10月21日提交的、申请序列号为62/066,518的、题目为“用于手术装置的接合器、扩展器以及连接器组件(Adapter,Extension,and Connector Assemblies for Surgical Devices)”的共有美国临时专利申请。关于示例性机电器械的结构和功能的详细描述，请参考2012年5月31日提交的、申请序列号为13/484,975的、现在公开为美国专利公开第2012/0253329号的共有美国专利申请。这些申请中的每一个都通过引用全部并入本文。
参照图2，手术器械(例如接合器102)的远侧端部110限定有锁定窗口112。锁定窗口112穿过接合器102的远侧端部110的外表面，并与接合器102的远侧端110a间隔开。远侧端部110还可以限定有平行于接合器102的纵向轴线地从接合器102的远侧端110a延伸出的键槽114(图6)。
同样参照图3，装载单元10包括壳体组件20、锁定圈40和保持环60。壳体组件20具有：近侧凹入环形环22，其限定了用于接纳接合器102的远侧端部110的圆筒形开口21；以及远侧端32，其限定了用于接纳和支撑吻合钉钉仓12的接收部34(图6)。
参照图3和图4，壳体组件20的环形环22定尺寸为通过锁定圈40和保持环60而被接纳。在实施例中，锁定圈40具有与由环形环22所限定的台阶部23的深度相等的厚度，使得锁定圈40与壳体组件20的外表面形成连续的或光滑的表面。
环形环22包括键24，并限定了锁定狭槽26和多个保持狭槽28。键24布置在环形环22的内表面上并且平行于壳体组件20的纵向轴线。如图所示，键24与多个保持狭槽28中的一个对准；然而，可以想到的是，键24可定位在两个保持狭槽28之间。
锁定狭槽26构造成接纳锁定圈40的一部分以将壳体组件20紧固至接合器102的远侧端部110。锁定狭槽26具有大致矩形形状并在环形环22的外表面和内表面之间穿过。锁定狭槽26可以定向成使得限定锁定狭槽26的壁平行和垂直于壳体组件20的纵向轴线。如图所示，锁定狭槽26与键24基本相对。然而，锁定狭槽26和键24可以彼此相邻或围绕环形环22相对于彼此定位在任何地方。锁定狭槽26定位在两个保持狭槽28之间并与壳体组件20的近侧端36间隔开，使得锁定狭槽26的近侧端比保持狭槽28的远侧端更远离近侧端36。
保持狭槽28构造成接纳保持环60的一部分，以将保持环60紧固至壳体组件20的环形环22。如图所示，保持狭槽28在形状上是大致矩形，并围绕环形环22布置。保持狭槽28中的每个与壳体组件20的近侧端36间隔开相等的距离。如图所示，保持狭槽28围绕环形环22等距间隔开(即，隔开90°)；然而，可以想到的是，保持狭槽28可以围绕环形环22不等距间隔开以固定保持环60的与环形环22和/或锁定圈40的定向。另外地或可替代地，保持狭槽28中的每个可以具有独特形状来固定保持环60的与环形环22和/或锁定圈40的定向。
特别参照图4，环形环22的外表面限定有行进沟槽29。行进沟槽29沿平行于壳体组件20的纵向轴线的方向从壳体组件20的近侧端36延伸出。行进沟槽29具有围绕环形环22的径向尺寸，如下面更详细描述的。
参照图5，锁定圈40构造成将壳体组件20紧固至接合器102的远侧端部110。锁定圈40具有限定了中央开口43的弹性的、圆筒形主体42。主体42包括挠性凸起44、行进肋46以及支撑在挠性凸起44的一端上的锁50。中央开口43定尺寸成可旋转地接纳环形环22。中央开口43的直径比环形环22的外径稍大，以允许锁定圈40以最小的阻力(例如，来自摩擦的阻力)围绕环形环22旋转且防止由于主体42和环形环22之间的过多间隙导致的相对于环形环22的过多移动。挠性凸起44限定悬臂，并通过用径向狭缝48和纵向狭缝49使主体42部分裂开而形成。凸起44可具有为主体42宽度的大约一半的宽度，并具有在大约45°至大约90°的范围内的径向尺寸(例如，大约75°)。可替换地，可以设想其它构造。
锁50邻近纵向狭缝49布置在凸起44的内表面上，并延伸入锁定圈40的中央开口43。锁50包括纵向凸轮52和径向凸轮54。纵向凸轮52是如下的倾斜表面：其从锁50的近侧一侧朝向锁50的远侧一侧且朝向中央开口43的中央延伸以形成向近侧面向的楔。径向凸轮54是如下的倾斜表面：其与纵向狭缝49间隔开地从锁50的一侧延伸出并且远离挠性凸起朝向纵向狭缝49和中央开口43的中央倾斜，以形成远离纵向狭缝49面向的径向楔。
行进肋46从主体42的内表面向内延伸，并且定位成邻近主体42的近侧端。行进肋46跨过主体42的内表面延伸大约一半，但可以从主体42的近侧端延伸到远侧端。行进肋46定尺寸为当锁定圈40围绕环形环22布置时被接纳在行进沟槽29内，以限制锁定圈40围绕环形环22的旋转，如下面更详细地讨论的。
简要参考回图2和图3，保持环60构造成将锁定圈40保持在环形环22上(即，防止锁定圈40向近侧平移离开环形环22)。保持环60限定了中央开口62，并且包括保持凸起64。中央开口62定尺寸为接纳环形环22。保持凸起64围绕保持环60的内表面布置，并包括向远侧面向的楔，向远侧面向的楔构造成被接纳在环形环22的保持狭槽28内以将保持环60径向固定至环形环22并防止保持环60相对于环形环22的近侧平移。更具体地，当保持环60在环形环22上滑动时，保持凸起64的锥形表面接合远侧表面或环形环22，使得凸起64向内变形并且在环形环22上通过，直到凸起64变得与保持狭槽28对准。当凸起64变得与狭槽28对准时，弹性的凸起64向外弹入保持狭槽28以将保持环60围绕环形环22紧固。可以设想，保持凸起64还可防止保持环60相对于环形环22的远侧平移。当远侧端部110被接纳在壳体组件20的近侧开口21内时，保持环60的外表面可以在近侧倾斜以提供从壳体组件20的外表面到接合器102的远侧端部110的平滑过渡。
参照图3和图6至图8，将根据本公开说明接合器102和装载单元10的壳体组件20利用锁定圈40的组装。如图3所示，壳体组件20和锁定圈40彼此对准，使得壳体组件20的纵向轴线与锁定圈40的纵向轴线对准。此外，通过使锁定圈40的行进肋46与环形环22的行进沟槽29对准，锁定圈40与壳体组件20的环形环22旋转地对准。应当理解，当行进肋46和行进沟槽29旋转地对准时，锁定圈40的锁50与环形环22的锁定狭槽26大致对准。
随着锁定圈40和壳体组件20的环形环22彼此对准，锁定圈40在环形环22上向远侧移动以使得环形环22被接纳在锁定圈40的中央开口43内。当锁定圈40在环形环22上移动时，锁50接合环形环22。锁定圈40在环形环22上的继续远侧移动向外弯曲锁定圈40的挠性凸起44，以使得挠性凸起44的锁50定位成沿着环形环22的外表面移动。在锁50定位在环形环22的外表面上的情况下，锁定圈40在环形环22上向远侧移动直到锁定圈40的远侧端抵接由环形环22限定的台阶部23。在这个位置，锁50定位为与锁定狭槽26对准。如图6所示，当锁定圈40的远侧端抵接台阶部23时，挠性凸起44的弹性使锁50朝向壳体组件20的纵向轴线移动并穿过环形环22的锁定狭槽26以将锁定圈40围绕环形环22紧固至壳体组件20。
如果锁定圈40与锁定狭槽26略微未对准且锁50部分地延伸通过环形环22的锁定狭槽26，则锁50的第一或纵向凸轮表面52接合限定锁定狭槽26的壁以使锁定圈40在环形环22上向远侧滑动，并且锁50的第二或径向凸轮表面54接合限定锁定狭槽26的壁以使锁定圈40围绕环形环22旋转到锁定构造，如图6和图8所示。在锁定构造中，挠性凸起44的弹性推动锁50通过锁定狭槽26，使得锁50防止了锁定圈40围绕环形环22的旋转和锁定圈40相对于环形环22的平移。在锁定构造中，锁定圈40的行进肋46定位在行进沟槽29的一侧上，以使得行进肋46防止锁定圈40围绕环形环22沿第一方向(例如，如在图8中示出的顺时针方向)旋转，并且允许锁定圈40沿与第一方向相反的第二方向(例如，如图8所示的逆时针方向)旋转。当锁定圈40到达锁定构造时，随着锁50穿过锁定狭槽26挠性凸起44可以提供听觉标记(例如，咔嗒声)。
特别参照图6和图7，保持环60在锁定圈40的近侧紧固在环形环22的近侧端上，以防止锁定圈40相对于环形环22向近侧滑动。在锁定圈40处于锁定构造的情况下，保持环60在环形环22上向远侧滑动，以使得环形环22被接纳在保持环60的中央开口62内。当保持环60接纳环形环22时，保持凸起64接合环形环22的外表面并向外弯曲，以使得保持环60可在环形环22上通过。保持环60定位为围绕环形环22，以使得每个保持凸起64定位在环形环22的保持狭槽28的一个内。当保持凸起64与保持狭槽28对准时，保持环60的弹性推动保持凸起64通过保持狭槽28，以使得保持环60相对于环形环22处于固定构造。当保持环60到达固定构造时，保持环60的保持凸起64的穿过保持狭槽28可以提供听觉标记(例如，咔嗒声)。在保持环60的固定构造中，保持环60相对于环形环22旋转地并纵向地固定。另外，在固定构造中，保持环60防止锁定圈40向近侧滑动离开壳体组件20的环形环22，但允许锁定圈40围绕环形环22旋转。
每个保持凸起64布置在相应的保持狭槽28内；然而，可以想到的是，每个保持狭槽28可以不接纳保持凸起64。如图所示，保持凸起64和保持狭槽28分别围绕保持环60和环形环22等距间隔开；然而，可以想到的是，保持凸起64和保持狭槽28可以分别围绕保持环60和环形环22不等距间隔开以限定保持环60相对于环形环22的径向定向。当锁定圈40处于锁定构造且保持环60处于固定构造时，组装装载单元10。
参考图6和图9至图14，根据本公开公开了用于将装载单元10紧固至接合器102的或手术器械的远侧端部110的方法。首先参照图6，被组装的装载单元10与接合器102的远侧端部110对准，以使得装载单元10的纵向轴线与接合器102的纵向轴线对准。随后装载单元10与接合器102的远侧端部110径向对准，以使得壳体组件22的键24与远侧端部110的键槽114对准，如图6所示。当键24和键槽114径向对准时，壳体组件22的锁定狭槽26与接合器102的远侧端部110的锁定窗口112径向对准。
现在参考图9和图10，在装载单元10和接合器102的远侧端部110彼此对准的情况下，装载单元10在接合器102的远侧端部110上滑动，以使得接合器102的远侧端部110至少部分地布置在壳体组件20的近侧开口21内。随着接合器102的远侧端部110滑入近侧开口21，键24在远侧端部110的键槽114中滑动。此外，随着接合器102的远侧端部110滑入近侧开口21，接合器102的邻近锁定狭槽112的远侧端110a接合锁50的横向凸轮表面52，以向外推动锁50和挠性凸起40。装载单元10在接合器102的远侧端部110上滑动直到接合器102的锁定窗口112与壳体组件20的环形环22的锁定狭槽26纵向对准。当锁定窗口112和锁定狭槽26对准时，挠性凸起44的弹性推动或弹动锁50通过接合器102的锁定窗口112并进入锁定构造，如图11所示。当锁50达到锁定构造时，锁50可以提供听觉标记(例如，咔嗒声)给用户。
如图11至图14所示，当接合器102的远侧端部110定位在壳体组件20的近侧开口21内且布置在锁定窗口112内的锁50在锁定构造时，装载单元10被紧固至接合器102的远侧端部110。在装载单元10紧固至接合器102的远侧端部110的情况下，手术器械和装载单元10可用于执行手术操作。在手术操作完成后，装载单元10可从手术器械分离或脱离，如将在下面详细讨论的。在装载单元10从手术器械脱离的情况下，另一个装载单元可联接或紧固至手术器械用于在手术操作中继续使用，手术器械可以被消毒用于在另一个手术操作中使用，或者手术器械可以被丢弃。此外，装载单元10可被消毒以用于另一个手术操作或可以被丢弃。
参考图15至图18，根据本公开公开了用于将装载单元10从接合器102的或手术器械的远侧端部110分离的方法。为分离装载单元10，锁定圈40的主体42围绕壳体组件20的环形环22旋转以使得锁50从接合器102的锁定窗口112内移出并向外移动以将接合器102的远侧端部110从装载单元10释放。具体地，锁定圈40的主体42围绕环形环22沿箭头“R”指示的方向旋转。主体42的外表面可包括接合特征件56，以提供给临床医师用于旋转主体42的抓握。特别参照图16和图17，随着主体42沿箭头“R”的方向旋转，锁50的第二凸轮表面54接合限定锁定狭槽36的壁以使锁50向外移动或凸轮运动至未锁定构造。当锁50处于未锁定构造时，装载单元10可向远侧滑动以将接合器102的远侧端部110从装载单元10释放或分离，如图18所示。当装载单元10从远侧端部110分离时，主体42被释放以使得主体42和挠性凸起44的弹性将锁定圈40返回至锁定构造。
当锁定圈40的主体42围绕接合器102的远侧端部110旋转时，键24和键槽114防止壳体组件20相对于接合器102旋转。此外，如上面详述的，保持凸起64和保持狭槽28防止保持环60围绕壳体组件20旋转。
特别参考图16，行进肋46防止锁定圈40的主体42围绕环形环22过度旋转。具体地，当主体42围绕环形环22旋转时，行进肋46在行进沟槽29内从固定构造(图13)移动到释放构造，如图16所示。当行进肋46处于释放构造时，锁50在接合器102的锁定窗口112外侧，并且会基本在环形环22的锁定狭槽26外。行进肋46防止主体42围绕环形环22过度旋转至主体42的弹性不能将锁50返回到锁定构造的位置。
锁定圈40由弹性材料制成。例如，锁定圈12可使用注塑工艺由弹性塑料材料形成。然而，可以设想，锁定圈40可以由其它合适的材料形成，包括但不限于弹簧钢、不锈钢或金属丝。
尽管已在附图中示出了本公开的若干实施例，但并不意味着本公开局限于此，而是意味着，本公开的范围如本领域所允许的那样广泛并且说明书以同样方式解读。上述实施例的任何组合同样可设想并且是在所附权利要求的范围之内。本公开不限于圆形吻合装载单元，而是已应用到用于线性吻合的装载单元或其它类型的器械，如电灼术或超声器械。因此，上面的描述不应当解释为限制性的，而是仅作为具体实施例的范例。本领域技术人员将在所附权利要求书的范围内设想出其它改进。

Claims (20)

1.一种装载单元，包括：
壳体组件，其具有限定了近侧开口的环形环，所述近侧开口构造成接纳手术器械的远侧端部，所述环形环限定有锁定狭槽；以及
锁定圈，其围绕环形环可旋转地布置，所述锁定圈具有包括挠性凸起的主体，所述挠性凸起具有从挠性凸起向内延伸的锁，所述锁定圈能够围绕环形环在锁定构造和未锁定构造之间移动，其中，在所述锁定构造，锁穿过环形环的锁定狭槽并进入近侧开口，在所述未锁定构造，锁从所述近侧开口内移出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装载单元，其中，所述主体部分地裂开以形成所述挠性凸起。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装载单元，其中，所述环形环的外表面限定有沟槽，并且所述锁定圈包括被接纳在所述沟槽内的向内延伸的行进肋。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装载单元，其中，所述行进肋限制所述锁定圈围绕环形环的旋转度数。
5.根据权利要求1所述的装载单元，还包括保持环，所述保持环在所述锁定圈的近侧围绕环形环定位，以防止所述锁定圈相对于环形环的轴向移动。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装载单元，其中，所述保持环包括多个向内延伸的保持凸起，并且所述环形环限定有定位在所述锁定狭槽近侧的多个保持狭槽，多个保持狭槽中的每个构造成接纳相应的保持凸起以将保持环固定至环形环。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装载单元，其中，所述挠性凸起是弹性的并且定位成将所述锁定圈推动至锁定构造。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装载单元，其中，所述锁具有纵向凸轮表面和径向凸轮表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的装载单元，其中，所述径向凸轮表面定位成响应于所述锁定圈的主体相对于环形环的朝向未锁定构造的旋转而接合环形环以使锁向外移动。
10.根据权利要求8所述的装载单元，其中，所述径向凸轮表面定位成接合环形环，其中，当所述锁和所述锁定狭槽未对准时，所述挠性凸起的弹性引起径向凸轮表面将锁定圈朝向锁定构造推动。
11.一种手术系统，包括：
手术器械，其包括限定有锁定窗口的远侧端部；
装载单元，其包括具有环形环的壳体组件，所述环形环限定有近侧开口，所述手术器械的远侧端部接纳在所述近侧开口内，所述环形环限定有锁定狭槽；以及
锁定圈，其围绕环形环可旋转地布置以将装载单元紧固至所述手术器械的远侧端部，所述锁定圈具有包括挠性凸起的主体，所述挠性凸起具有从挠性凸起向内延伸的锁，所述锁定圈能够围绕环形环在锁定构造和未锁定构造之间移动，其中，在所述锁定构造中，所述锁穿过环形环的锁定狭槽和所述手术器械的远侧端部的锁定窗口以将所述锁定圈紧固至所述手术器械的远侧端部，在所述未锁定构造中，所述锁从所述锁定窗口内移出以将所述装载单元从所述手术器械的远侧端部释放。
12.根据权利要求11所述的手术系统，其中，所述环形环包括延伸入近侧开口的键，并且其中，所述手术器械的远侧端部限定有键槽，所述键平行于所述壳体组件的纵向轴线，所述键槽平行于所述手术器械的远侧端部的纵向轴线，所述键被接纳在所述键槽内以将所述装载单元可旋转地固定至所述手术器械的远侧端部。
13.根据权利要求11所述的手术系统，其中，所述锁具有纵向凸轮表面，所述手术器械的远侧端构造成：当所述手术器械的远侧端部接纳在近侧开口内时接合所述纵向凸轮表面以使所述锁向外移动，直到所述锁定窗口对准所述环形环的锁定狭槽。
14.根据权利要求11所述的手术系统，其中，所述锁具有径向凸轮表面，所述径向凸轮表面响应于所述锁定圈的主体的围绕所述环形环的旋转而接合所述环形环以使所述锁定圈转换至未锁定构造。
15.一种将装载单元紧固至手术器械的方法，包括：
将装载单元的近侧环形环与手术器械的远侧端部的对准；
使所述环形环在所述手术器械的远侧端部上滑动，所述手术器械的远侧端接合在环形环上布置的锁定圈的锁以向外推动所述锁，所述锁布置在所述锁定圈的挠性凸起上；以及
继续使所述装载单元在所述远侧端部上滑动直到在所述手术器械的远侧端部中限定的锁定窗口与所述锁对准，以使得所述挠性凸起的弹性将所述锁移入所述锁定窗口从而将所述装载单元紧固至所述手术器械。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括将所述装载单元从所述手术器械的远侧端部释放，包括：
使所述锁定圈围绕环形环旋转以将所述锁从锁定窗口内移出；以及
使所述装载单元滑动离开所述手术器械的远侧端部。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中使所述锁定圈围绕环形环的旋转包括使所述锁的径向凸轮表面接合环形环，以将所述锁从所述锁定窗口内抬起。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，还包括在使所述装载单元滑动离开所述手术器械的远侧端部后释放所述锁定圈，以使得径向凸轮表面响应于所述挠性凸起的弹性而接合环形环从而使所述锁定圈围绕环形环旋转。
19.根据权利要求15所述的方法，其中，将所述装载单元的近侧环与所述手术器械的远侧端部对准包括将所述装载单元的键与在所述手术器械的远侧端部中限定的键槽径向对准。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中使环形环在所述手术器械的远侧端部上滑动包括使所述键滑入所述手术器械的键槽。
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