CN107009633A - 用于焊接塑料材料、特别是pvc的型材构件的设备 - Google Patents

用于焊接塑料材料、特别是pvc的型材构件的设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107009633A
CN107009633A CN201710155192.7A CN201710155192A CN107009633A CN 107009633 A CN107009633 A CN 107009633A CN 201710155192 A CN201710155192 A CN 201710155192A CN 107009633 A CN107009633 A CN 107009633A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
section components
region
soldered
equipment according
machining tool
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Pending
Application number
CN201710155192.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
安德里亚·瓦卡利
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Graf Synergy SRL
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Graf Synergy SRL
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=48237154&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CN107009633(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from IT000057A external-priority patent/ITMO20120057A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000067A external-priority patent/ITMO20120067A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000200A external-priority patent/ITMO20120200A1/it
Priority claimed from IT000201A external-priority patent/ITMO20120201A1/it
Application filed by Graf Synergy SRL filed Critical Graf Synergy SRL
Publication of CN107009633A publication Critical patent/CN107009633A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/28—Grooving workpieces
    • B23C3/30—Milling straight grooves, e.g. keyways
    • B23C3/305—Milling straight grooves, e.g. keyways in which more than one milling tool is used simultaneously, e.g. for sheet material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B23Q11/0046—Devices for removing chips by sucking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/0042—Devices for removing chips
    • B23Q11/0064—Devices for removing chips by using a magnetic or electric field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/10—Making cuts of other than simple rectilinear form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by the type of welding mirror
    • B29C65/2015—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by the type of welding mirror being a single welding mirror comprising several separate heating surfaces in different planes, e.g. said heating surfaces having different temperatures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by the type of welding mirror
    • B29C65/2023—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by the type of welding mirror said welding mirror comprising several sectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2053—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position
    • B29C65/2061—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" characterised by special ways of bringing the welding mirrors into position by sliding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2092—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" and involving the use of a facer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
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    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/749—Removing scrap
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0222—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping without removal of material, e.g. cleaning by air blowing or using brushes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
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    • B29C66/128—Stepped joint cross-sections
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/22—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being in the form of recurring patterns
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/81435—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
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Abstract

用于焊接塑料材料的设备，包括：基架，用于支撑各个型材构件的一对固锁件，用于衔咬型材构件使得相应的要被焊接区域彼此面对；加热装置，用于加热型材构件的要被焊接区域，包括至少一个热板熔焊元件并且能在活动条件和非使用条件之间移动，加热装置在活动条件中被放置在型材构件之间，在非使用条件中与型材构件间隔开一定距离；固锁件的移动装置，用于将型材构件在第一相互远离方向和第二相互靠近方向之间位移；去除装置，由铣削去除装置构成并且包括：对应于固锁件定位的支撑框架；至少一个加工工具；与加工工具相关联的电机部件；和加工工具的移动件，用于在第一空闲条件和第二工作条件之间移动加工工具。

Description

用于焊接塑料材料、特别是PVC的型材构件的设备
本申请是国际申请号为PCT/IB2013/051698、国家申请号为201380010958.2、申请日为2013年3月4日、名称为“用于焊接塑料材料、特别是PVC的型材构件的方法及设备”的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接塑料材料、特别是PVC(聚氯乙烯)的型材构件(profiledelement)的设备。
背景技术
在现有技术中，PVC型材构件主要用作窗框和门框，借助于各自头部表面(headsurface)的熔融(melt)而被焊接在一起以便制造能装配到门或窗的框架结构。
特别地，熔融是通过利用合适的电加热板加热要进行连接的部分、然后将被加热后的部分相互压靠以促进熔融来进行的。
一般地，被加热的部分是型材构件的头部末端(head extremity)，其适当地以45°被切割以限定相应窗框或门框的例如直角部分。
此方法是通过焊接机来执行的，该焊接机装备有各自的型材构件固锁件(retaining member)，能在相互靠近的方向上移动以使要焊接的加热后末端接触。
这样的机器还配备有表面修整(finishing)系统，适于去除在两个型材构件熔融过程中形成的焊珠(bead)或焊缝(welding bead)。
事实上，对应于两个型材构件(以45°切割的面)的接合线，过量的被熔融材料部分溢出来并且形成从型材构件的可见表面鼓起的焊珠。因此，为了为成品门框或窗框提供有相当美感的外观，一旦焊接后，就对型材构件进行焊珠去除操作。
但是，简要介绍的已知焊接设备具有主要与上述焊缝的形成相关的重大缺陷。
实际上必须想到，PVC型材构件的焊接区不是完全均匀一致的(uniform)，因此，为了使型材构件光滑平坦(even)，大量材料被熔融，结果形成丰厚的(abundant)焊珠，并因而有大量废料要被去除。
此外，用于去除焊珠和清洁焊接区的表面修整作业对加工制造门框或窗框所需要的总时间有很大的影响。实际上应该认识到，对于每个门框或窗框焊接操作，型材构件必须随后被加工处理。而且，在辐条(spoked)型材构件的情况下，去除所述焊珠是非常复杂的。
另外，用于上述表面修整操作的机械是复杂笨重的，并且特别昂贵。
这导致由于存在进一步的复杂笨重的设备和工具而需要支付附加成本和工作时间。
发明内容
在这种背景下，本发明所基于的技术目标是提出一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的设备，其克服了上述现有技术的缺陷。
特别地，本发明的目的是提供一种能够消除适于去除焊缝的所有后续附加操作的一种用于焊接两个由塑料材料(尤其是PVC)制成的型材构件的设备。
本发明的另一目的在于设想一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的快速、经济且具有减少空间的设备。
上述目的是通过包括本申请所附权利要求中任一权利要求中所述的技术说明的一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的设备来实现的。
附图说明
由对附图中所示的一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的方法及相关设备的几个优选的但非唯一的实施例的大致而非限制性的描述，将更清楚地了解本发明的其它特征和优点，在附图中：：
-图1a和图1b示出了根据本发明的一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的单头(one-head)设备(头部可以在同时工作4到6个角落的机器上重复)的透视图解视图；
-图2a、2b、2c示出了图1a和图1b中的设备在各个操作条件下的细节；
-图3示出了另一操作顺序(operating sequence)的详细视图；
-图4和图5示出了在相互靠拢的步骤期间的PVC型材构件；
-图6a和6b示意性地示出了型材构件的头部末端的传统焊接的两个连续步骤，尤其是压紧(压紧)步骤，其中两侧上焊珠的形成被突出：内侧和外侧；
-图7a和图7b示意性地示出了根据本发明的型材构件头部末端焊接的两个连续步骤，其中焊珠的形成只在型材构件的内侧上被突出，即在界定型材构件内部空间的侧上；
-图8a、图8b和图8c示意性地示出了根据本发明的型材构件头部末端焊接的三个连续步骤，其中焊珠的形成和容纳在表面下获得的格区(compartment)内被突出，以便获得未熔融的可见外侧；
-图9a、9b、9c和9d示例性地示出了根据本发明的型材构件头部末端焊接的四个连续步骤，其中通过凹角(receding corner)移动靠近凸角(relief corner)来突出限定容纳屏障(containing barrier)的形成，其决定型材构件的仅内侧上形成焊珠，即在界定型材构件内部空间的侧上；
-图10a和10b以正视图示出了处于两个不同操作位置的图9b中所示的热板熔焊元件(hot-plate heat-sealing element)；
-图11是根据本发明的设备的另一实施例的轴测图；
-图12是图11中所示设备的另一角度的轴测图；
-图13是图11中所示设备的细节的放大透视图；
-图14是型材构件在焊接之前的细节的放大轴测图；
–图15到图17以一组平面图示出了图11中所示设备的操作；
-图18是在借助于图11中所示设备进行焊接之后型材构件的细节的放大轴测图。
具体实施方式
具体参考图1a到图3，用附图标记1指示一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的设备。
这样的设备实现一种用于焊接塑料材料(尤其是PVC)型材构件的方法或过程，其中至少两个型材构件3被设置为各自要被焊接的区域4彼此面对。
制造型材构件3的塑料材料例如是PVC，但是不能排除除了PVC之外的其他可熔焊型塑料材料。
如根据方法将在下面更好地说明的那样，在加热和焊接型材构件3的步骤之前，借助于去除操作(铣削、熔融、斜切等)对应于型材构件3的至少一个要被焊接的区域4生成沟槽(groove)19。
随后，要被焊接的区域4被加热，并且通过将型材构件3相互压靠使区域4相互接触而被耦接(couple)或联接(join)。这样，这两个型材构件3的这个沟槽19或这些沟槽19限定容纳格区(containing compartment)19a，用于容纳在相应型材构件3熔融期间生成的焊珠或焊缝。
在本说明书的其余部分中，将举例说明单个焊接设备1适于焊接这两个相应型材构件的末端。然而，本发明也可以包括一系列设备1，其中每一个工作于一型材构件3的相应末端。例如，为了制造要被用作门框或窗框的矩形框架，使用四个设备1，其中每一个用于对应于所述框架的直角焊接型材构件3。
参考图1，应该指出的是，设备1包括支撑相应PVC型材构件3的一对固锁件2的基架38，这对固锁件2适于以对应的要焊接区域4相互面对的方式衔咬(engage)型材构件3本身。
特别地，每个固锁件包括基部5和设置在基部5上方的移动部(mobile portion)6，型材构件3定位在基部5上。移动部6适当地被移动来朝着基部5位移并因此固锁型材构件3。
如附图中所示，每个型材构件3因此被设置在基部5和移动部6之间，各自的头部末端伸出。型材构件的头部末端构成要焊接的区域4，因此，它们相互面对。
还应当指出的是，要被焊接的区域4适当地以45°被切割，以限定两个直角型材构件之间的耦接。
此外，设备1包括固锁件2的移动装置7，用于使型材构件3在相互远离的第一方向和相互靠近的第二方向之间位移，要被焊接的区域4在相互靠近的第二方向中耦接到一起。
特别地，对于每个固锁件2，移动装置7具有滑轨(sliding guide)8，其平行于型材构件3的纵向延伸。与上述基部5一体的滑架(carriage)9被安置在滑轨上。此外，每个滑架9与适于将固锁件2的两个滑架9相互靠近/远离地移动的移动系统10(由于已知类型而未详细示出，并且不构成本发明的一部分)耦接。
设备1还包括加热装置11，用于加热PVC型材构件3的上述要被焊接区域4。加热装置11优选能在活动状态和非使用状态之间移动，其在活动状态中被置于型材构件3之间，而在非使用状态中与型材构件3间隔开一定距离。
特别地，应当注意，当型材构件3被移动装置7在相互远离方向上设置时，它们限定加热装置11的过渡区域(transit zone)。这样，一旦要被焊接的区域4已经被加热，型材构件3就相互移动靠近到一起并且以各自的末端头部相互压靠。
有利地，加热装置11具有热板熔焊元件12，其例如由基本上为板状的电阻12构成，被安置在移动系统13上。优选地，移动系统13由一对滑架14构成，它们被滑动地安装在相应的轨道15中，并且其中每一个设置在上述电阻12的相对两侧上。这样，电阻12被紧固到滑架14，并且被这些滑架沿着轨道15移动。滑架14还借助于连杆曲柄(connecting rod-crank)17可操作地连接到电机(motor)16。有利地，连杆曲柄17将电机16提供的旋转运动转换为滑架14和电阻12的往复运动，以将电阻12插入到上述型材构件3之间/将电阻12从上述型材构件3移除。
设备1还配备有去除装置18，用于在至少一个要被焊接的区域4的外周边缘(peripheral edge)上生成至少一个沟槽19。
去除(removal)装置18例如由铣削去除(removal by milling)装置构成；但是不能排除其他替代性实施例，其中去除装置是另一类型的，并且设想例如通过熔融去除塑料材料的一个或多个热点(hot point)、或者一个或多个超声波点(ultrasonic point)。
铣削去除装置18包括置于固锁件2上方的支撑框架20、以及面对型材构件3以在要被焊接的区域4上生成上述沟槽19的至少一个加工工具21(切割器：cutter)。
工具21由电机部件22移动，电机部件22优选为电动型的，并且是具有非常高的旋转速度的小型的、无刷无传感器的。
此外，工具21被移动件23在第一空闲状态(它不被放置在型材构件3之间时的位置)和第二工作状态之间移动，在第二工作状态中，它被放置在PVC型材构件3之间。
更详细地，铣削去除装置18优选包括一对加工工具21，其中每一个配备有在相应的要被焊接区域4的外周边缘上的有效(active)头部21a。
如详细视图中所示，工具21相互相对以同时工作于两个型材构件3上。
此外，框架20具有设置在固锁件2上方的支撑条(supporting bar)24，其被设计为支承工具21，工具21在该情形下被安装在支撑条24自身的下端上。
支撑条24可操作地连接到移动件23，以对应于要被焊接的区域4移动。
有利地，工具21借助于上述移动件23的移动被定位对应于区域4的侧边缘。
特别地，移动件23包括一对支撑轨(supporting guide)25，支撑条24滑动地安装在支撑轨25上并且由未详细介绍的已知电机移动。
此外，支撑条24借助于对应于支撑框架20设置的具有蜗杆(worm screw)26的轴垂直地移动。
有利地，工具21和电机部件22二者由支撑条24支撑，并且通过其能水平地(沿支撑轨25)和垂直地(借助于蜗杆26)移动。
支撑条24的移动是借助于受控轴系统的，受控轴系统使工具21能沿型材构件3的外周边缘位移以获得沟槽19。
此外，借助于该受控轴系统，工具21在空闲位置和工作位置之间移动，工具21在该空闲位置中不被设置在型材构件3之间，而在工作位置中被设置在型材构件3之间。
设备1还配备有能沿与型材构件3的移动方向横切且与型材构件3所位于的安置面(lying plane)横切的方向移动的容纳压件(containing presser)27，以倚靠(abut)在相应要焊接区域中形成的沟槽19上。这样的压件可以被加热以更好地使下面的塑料材料成形，并且可以具有凸部(protrusion)和凹部(recess)以在刚加工的热片上复制特殊形状。仍然热的材料实际上容易成形。
特别地，在区域4的焊接条件下，即当使它们相互接触并相互压靠时，沟槽19相互协作地限定容纳格区19a。
根据沟槽19的形状，格区19a可以是开口的或闭合的，如将在下面更好地描述的那样。
在格区19a是开口的情况下，它可以由容纳压件27定界，容纳压件27阻止熔融的材料流出格区19a。
优选地，两个容纳压件27被制备，其中每一者能与相应的一对相对沟槽19相关联以限定用于相应焊缝的两个容纳格区19a。
特别地，第一压件27被设置在型材构件3上方，而第二压件27被设置在型材构件3下方。
实际上将注意到，沟槽19被施加于型材构件3的外部可见部分，即在被熔融在一起时决定突出的焊缝的形成的以45°切割的侧边缘。
在这种情况下，焊珠不从格区19a出来，而是被包含在它里面。
在这种背景下，压件27能借助于适当的移动元件移动，所述适当的移动元件没有被详细介绍并且能够在型材构件3的各个焊接步骤期间移动靠近/离开压件27本身。
此外，设备1还配备有用于保持(retain)在铣削去除操作期间形成的削屑(shaving)的静电部件28。
静电部件28由连接到加工工具21并且连接到高压发生器(high-voltagegenerator)的电极构成。这样，带有负极性电荷的削屑被带有正电荷的切割器的头部21a(其用作电极)保持，以避免所述削屑的散布。
与静电部件28协作或者作为静电部件28的替代，设备1具有与工具21同心的涡流抽吸系统(vortex suction system)29a、29b，其允许移除在铣削去除操作期间形成的削屑。
抽吸系统29a、29b例如在于腔室29a，腔室29a被设置在每个工具21周围并且连接到抽吸管(suction duct)29b，抽吸管29将削屑移走。
为了这个目的，工具21还包括螺旋形切割器，它将被去除的削屑朝着腔室29a内部传送以使得更容易抽吸削屑。
有利地，所有由铣削去除操作生成的PVC削屑容易被抽吸。
上面以现有结构术语描述的设备1实现一种也是本发明主题的焊接方法。
该方法包括制备至少两个型材构件3的步骤，型材构件3对应于固锁件被设置，其中各自的要被焊接的区域4相互面对。
然后，对应于型材构件3的每个要被焊接的区域4生成沟槽19。要被焊接的区域4随后被加热，并通过将型材构件3相互压靠来耦接到一起。这样，区域4被保持为相互接触，以使区域4熔融在一起，从而限定焊缝。
在这方面，要强调以下事实，即生成沟槽19的步骤还包括使要被焊接的区域4的不被沟槽19占据的部分平坦化(level)。
在实践中，使工具21以不同工作深度在要被焊接的区域4的基本上整体的上方经过：
-对应于型材构件3的外周边缘，工具21的工作深度较大，从而限定沟槽19；
–而对应于要被焊接的区域4的其余部分，工具21的工作深度较小，从而只去除足以弄平(flatten)和平整(even out)要被焊接的区域4的一小层塑料材料。
换句话说，工具21的目的不仅是成形沟槽19，而且它们对于平整壁面以及校正任何切割偏差也是很重要的。
在没有这样的平坦化的情况下，要被焊接的区域4会太不规整，并且因此不能焊接。
还要强调的是，沟槽19以及使要焊接的区域4平坦化是由设备1的工具21在型材构件3已经被安装在固锁件2上时生成和进行的，并且要被焊接的区域4是在没有将型材构件3从固锁件2拆下的情况下被耦接和熔融在一起的。
换言之，固锁件2上型材构件3的加工处理只进行一次，并且设备1能够执行根据本发明的方法的所有步骤，而型材构件3不必在其他机器上被制备和/或加工。
这样的特性除了确保非常快速的执行之外，还允许避免由于固锁件2上型材构件3的不正确安装而导致的焊接偏差。
实际上，如果在另一机器上使要被焊接的区域4平坦化，然后要被焊接的区域4被安装在设备1上进行焊接，那么会存在型材构件3被拙劣地焊接的风险，因为要被焊接的区域4可能没有精确地面对和平行。
参照图7a和图7b中示意性地示出的方案，事先由沟槽19生成的格区19a是开口的，也就是说它具有一个侧面朝着外面，其保持实质上可接近及可见。
因此，在图7a和7b所示的方案中，焊缝借助于压件27而被保持在格区19a的容积内，压件27闭合格区19a的侧面之一。
实际上将注意到，当型材构件3被移动靠拢时，沟槽19彼此重合以限定格区19a。此外，压件27的存在决定了将焊缝保持在与型材构件3的外部可见表面相同的水平上的格区19a的闭合。
生成沟槽19的步骤借助于对每个型材构件3的头部末端所限定的外周边缘上的材料的去除操作来实现。这样，所得到的沟槽19具有成四方形(in square)、即以90°成形的基本上阶梯状(stepped)构造，其沿着要被焊接的区域4的整个延展部分延伸。在对要被焊接的区域4加热的步骤之前，尤其是在铣削去除步骤期间，借助于具有螺旋形状的切割器工具21和轴向抽吸来实现保持削屑的步骤，轴向抽吸将被去除的削屑朝着腔室29a内部传送。
参照图8a、8b和8c中所示的方案，对应于每个要被焊接的区域4生成的沟槽19包括至少一个底切部分(undercut portion)30，以限定在型材构件3的可见表面部分32上获得的凸起角(protruding corner)31。
在这种情况下，生成沟槽19的步骤也借助于每个型材构件3的外周边缘上的去除操作来执行，不同之处在于所使用的工具21被特别成形以生成底切部分30。
特别地，工具21可以被成形为通过直接从固体的单个材料去除动作(stroke)生成沟槽19及其底切部分30。
但是也可能有其他替代性实施例，其中借助于两个不同的工具21来完成去除操作，其中一个用于与图7a中所示相似的方式成形沟槽19，而另一个用于只获得底切部分30。
由此得到的沟槽19具有底切中的阶梯状构造，其沿着要被焊接的区域4的整个延展部分延伸。
底切步骤至少部分地是在型材构件3的可见表面部分32下面获得的，以限定沟槽19的底切部分30。
更详细地，需要强调的是，一旦沟槽19已经被生成：
–要被焊接的区域4包括头部表面33，其适于在型材构件3的耦接步骤期间与另一要被焊接的区域4的头部表面接触；以及
–凸起角31被设置为与头部表面33所位于的安置面相距预定距离34。
预定距离34是根据在型材构件3的耦接步骤期间要熔融的塑料材料的量以及沟槽19的底切部分30中可用的容积来确定的，沟槽19的底切部分30中可用的容积被设计用于在型材构件3的耦接步骤结束时收集被熔融的材料，如下文中将更好地介绍的那样。
此外，在加热步骤之前，沟槽19由与头部表面33基本上成直角的第一表面35以及基本上倾斜的第二表面36定界，所述底切部分30是对应于基本上倾斜的第二表面36限定的。
第二表面36相对于型材构件3的可见表面部分32基本上倾斜10°到80°之间的一个角度。
但是不能排除本发明的其他替代性实施例，其中沟槽19、尤其是其底切部分30具有不同的构型，例如是弯曲的等。
鉴于沟槽19的具体构型，在要被焊接的区域4靠近和耦接的步骤期间，以下子步骤完成：
-使凸起角31到一起，从而它们基本上重合而没有实质上(substantially)熔融它们；以及
–生成容纳格区19a，容纳格区19a由每个区域4的沟槽19限定，并且对应于型材构件3的可见表面部分32被相互靠拢的凸起角31闭合。
因此，在这种结构中，容纳格区19a是闭合的，并且焊缝是在容纳格区19a中。
对应于头部表面33熔融的塑料材料实际上确实向上朝着型材构件3的可见表面部分32返回，并且保持限制在容纳格区19a内。
在图8a、8b、8c中所示的情形下，容纳压件27被使用，靠在型材构件3上，以便容纳被熔融材料通过凸起角31的任何泄漏。
参考图9a、9b、9c和9d中所示的方案中，沟槽19只在要熔融的型材构件之一上被获得。
为此，型材构件3可以分为第一型材构件3a和第二型材构件3b，在第一型材构件3a上生成沟槽19，而在第二型材构件3b上不获得沟槽19。
生成沟槽19的步骤对第一型材构件3a的要被焊接的区域4进行塑制(mould)以限定头部表面40和在第一型材构件3a的可见表面部分42上获得的凹角41。
正如在前面的情况下那样，在图9a、9b、9c、9d中所示的方案中，生成沟槽19的步骤也借助于在第一型材构件3a的外周边缘上的去除操作来实现。
在生成沟槽19的步骤之后，执行对要被焊接的区域4进行加热的操作，其通过使型材构件3a、3b靠近热板熔焊元件12来执行。
在该步骤期间执行融解(dissolve)第一型材构件3a的头部表面40和第二型材构件3b的要被焊接区域4的仅一部分的子步骤，以限定第二型材构件3b的凹陷表面(recedingsurface)43和在第二型材构件3b的可见表面部分42上获得的凸角44。
为此，在图9a、9b、9c和9d中所示的方案中，热板熔焊元件12具有第一面45和第二面46、47，第一面45适于与第一型材构件3a的头部表面40接触，第二面46、47适于与第二型材构件3b的要被焊接区域4的仅一个部分接触。
更详细地，第二面46、47包括适于与第二型材构件3b接触以限定凹陷表面43的至少一个凸起部(protruding part)46、和适于与第二型材构件3b保持间隔开一定距离并且避免与凸角44接触的至少一个凹陷部(receding part)47。
如在图9b中可以看到的那样，第二面46、47具有两个凹陷部47，它们工作于第二型材构件3b的相对两侧上。
凹陷部47之间的距离h取决于第二型材构件3b的高度；第二型材3b越高，凹陷部47之间的距离越大。
为此，热板熔焊元件12可以被分成至少两个区部(section)12a、12b，它们能相互移动以将凹陷部47相互靠近和远离地移动。
在附图10a和10b中所示的实施例中，例如，每个区部12a、12b是楔形的(wedge-shaped)，并且具有倾斜表面50，该倾斜表面50可以在另一区部12a、12b的倾斜表面50上滑动以改变凹陷部47之间的距离h。
但是不能排除其他替代性等效方案，诸如例如以下情形，即其中第二面46、47由一套(a kit of)可互换的板(sheet)构成，这些板相互不同地成形(特别地，它们具有不同的距离h)、并且根据第二型材构件3b的高度能选择性地与热板熔焊元件12相关联。
在加热步骤之后，执行要被焊接区域4的耦接步骤，其包括沿着滑轨8使型材构件3a、3b相互靠近，并且其设想将区域4熔融在一起以限定以上焊缝的子步骤。
鉴于凹角41、凸角44、头部表面40和凹陷表面43的具体构型，在耦接步骤期间还执行以下子步骤:
–将头部表面40与凹陷表面43熔融在一起；和
-使凹角41靠近凸角44，从而它们基本上重合而没有实质上熔融它们，以限定焊缝的限制屏障(confinement barrier)。
为此要强调的是，在加热步骤之后且在型材构件3a、3b的耦接步骤之前，第一型材构件3a的凹角41被设置为与第一型材构件3a的头部表面40所位于的安置面相距第一预定距离48。
以相同的方式，在加热之后且耦接之前，第二型材构件3b的凸角44被设置为与第二型材构件3b的所述凹陷表面43所位于的安置面相距第二预定距离49。
有益地，第一预定距离48大于或等于第二预定距离49，并且优选地，其略微更大，从而在型材构件3a、3b耦接时，头部表面40和凹陷表面43接触并且熔融在一起，而凹角41和凸角44仅仅相互靠着而不熔融。
根据在型材构件3a、3b的耦接步骤期间要熔融的塑料材料的量来确定第一预定距离48和第二预定距离49。
因此，在该构造中，焊缝保持局限在其中的容纳格区19a由限制屏障下面的空间限定。
实际上要强调的是，对应于头部表面40和凹陷表面43熔融的塑料材料保持包含在凹角41和凸角44所限定的容纳屏障内，并且决不会出现在型材构件3a、3b外面。在图9a、9b、9c所示的情形下，容纳压件27被使用为靠在型材构件3a、3b上以阻止通过凹角41和凸角44的任何熔融材料泄露。
对应于被焊接末端的门框或窗框的接附能力(adhesion capacity)取决于相互接触的型材构件3的工作表面延展，在其他尺寸相同的情况下，型材构件3的工作表面延展由型材构件3的壁的厚度确定。
沟槽19的存在决定了型材构件3的壁厚度减小，并且在其他条件相同的情况下，要被熔融和焊接的工作表面减小。
为了确保更大的接附以及增大最终门框或窗框的机械强度，图11到图18示出了设备或机器1的一种替代性实施例。
在这个实施例中，机器1所处理的型材构件被分成第一型材构件60和第二型材构件61，它们分别具有要焊接的第一区域62和要焊接的第二区域63。
机器1包括基架38、固锁件2、移动装置7、去除装置18和容纳压件27，它们与上面提到的那些完全一样，完全引用对上面提到的那些的详细介绍。
图11到图18的实施例中所示的热板熔焊元件12具有彼此相对的第一面64和第二面65，要被焊接的区域62、63能被放置靠着它们接触以被加热。
优选地，热板熔焊元件12由单个电阻构成，具有基本上为板形的构型，并且其借助于电路66被供给以电力来通过焦耳效应产生热。
因此，第一面64和第二面65由电阻12的主表面限定。
但是，很容易理解，热板熔焊元件12或者也可以由支撑块板(support plaque)构成，支撑块板在相对的侧面上支持两个或更多个分开的电阻，这些电阻中的一个限定第一面64，而另一个限定第二面65。
或者，可以有由一个或多个具有覆盖有一系列导热材料成形元件的平坦面的电阻构成的热板熔焊元件12，这些导热材料成形元件限定第一面64和第二面65；在这种情况下，成形元件可以有益地由一块金属板构成，这块金属板经受了用于以某种方式对表面64、65成形的弯曲(bending)、压制(pressing)或其它类型的成形，这将在下文中更好地介绍。
在另一替代性实施例中，热板熔焊元件12可以不是由电阻构成，而是由一个或多个感应加热板(induction heating plate)构成。
根据本发明，热板熔焊元件12以以下方式被成形：
-第一面64包括多个相互交替的第一凹部64a和第一凸部64b，它们适于在要被焊接的第一区域62上分别生成多个第一凸起(relief)62a和第一凹腔(cavity)62b；
-第二面65包括多个相互交替的第二凹部65a和第二凸部65b，它们适于在要被焊接的第二区域63上分别生成多个第二凸起63a和第二凹腔63b。
这样被加热和成形的要被焊接的区域62、63可以被接合在一起，其中第一凸起62a对应于第二凹腔63b插入，并且第二凸起63a对应于第一凹腔62b插入。
如可以在图13中看到的那样，第一凹部64a在热板熔焊元件12上被设置为与第二凸部65b相对，第一凸部64b被设置为与第二凹部65a相对。
这意味着，在第一面64具有第一凹部64a的地方，第二面65具有第二凸部65b，在第一面64具有第一凸部64b的地方，第二面65具有第二凹部65a。
但是不能排除其他替代性实施例，其中一个面64、65上的凹部64a、65a并没有精确地与另一面64、65上的凸部64b、65b相对，而是相互或多或少地错开(staggered)。
第一凹部64a被成形为基本上与第二凸部65b互补，并且以同样的方式，第一凸部64b被成形与第二凹部65a基本上互补。
但是其他实施例也是可能的，其中凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b并非精确地互补。
在图中所示的实施例中，这两个面64、65的凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b沿相互平行的直线延伸。
有利地，这样生成的凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b的尺寸在0.5毫米至2毫米的厚度之间以及在1毫米至4毫米的深度之间变化，并且优选地大约等于1毫米的厚度和2毫米的深度。
这样确定尺寸就允许以最佳方式切割型材构件60、61以获得在其接合和焊接期间凸起62a、63a和凹腔62b、63b之间的紧密接附。
出于表示清楚和简化的原因，附图并没有总是示出凹部64a、65a、凸部64b、65b、凸起62a、63a和凹腔62b、63b的实际尺寸，它们有时被强调以允许实现对本发明的更好地理解。
在附图中所示的实施例中，凹部64a、65a、凸部64b、65b延伸所沿着的直线基本上与型材构件60、61所位于的安置面成直角，即是竖直的。
但是容易理解，可替代地，上述直线可以定位为平行于型材构件60、61所位于的安置面，并且因此是水平的。
而在另一实施方案中，该直线可以被定位为相对于型材构件60、61所位于的安置面倾斜。
不能排除以下方案，即凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b具有与线性构型不同的构型，例如可以基本上为点状的。
在后一种情况下，凸部64b、65b由锥形尖头(tapered cusp)替代限定，锥形尖头与由一系列也为锥形的凹腔限定的凹部64a、65a相对，尖头和凹腔以镶嵌(chequered)方式被布置。
有利地，热板熔焊元件12的面64、65覆盖有防滑材料(non-slip material)，防滑材料防止型材构件60、61的塑料粘附到电阻12以及在凹部64a、65a内保持锥形。
这样的防滑材料例如由特氟龙(teflon)、陶瓷、或特氟龙喷剂(teflon spray)构成。
但是，对于任何情况，机器1还包括与基架38相关联的清洁装置67，适于去除已经保持附着到热板熔焊元件12的任何塑料部分。
清洁装置67例如由一对用于分别在第一面64上方和在第二面65上方经过的刷子构成。
图11和图12仅示出了用于清洁第二面65的刷子67，但是很容易想到提供相同的刷子67来清洁第一面64。
刷子67以固定的方式被安装在机器1的基架38上，相对于热板熔焊元件12的移动路径位于相对的侧面上。
这样，刷子67有机会在移动系统13操作热板熔焊元件12在活动条件和非使用条件之间转换(transit)期间在面64、65上方经过。
但是不能排除其他替代性实施例，其中刷子67能够移动以使面64、65的清洁操作更容易。
与图11到图18中所示的机器1的实施例一致，根据本发明的方法或过程将对要焊接的区域62、63加热设想为将它们移动相互靠近到一起并且使它们与热板熔焊元件12的面64、65接触(图15和16)。
面64、65的构型导致在要焊接的第一区域62上生成第一凸起62a和第一凹腔62b，而在要焊接的第二区域63上生成第二凸起63a和第二凹腔63b(图17)。
这时，通过以适当的压力将型材构件相互压靠将要被焊接的区域62、63保持相互接触，加热后的要焊接区域62、63被耦接在一起。
所述过程的这个步骤进行时要注意将第一凸起62a设置为对应于第二凹腔63b、将第二凸起63a设置为对应于第一凹腔62b。
随后，热板熔焊元件12的面64、65被清洁以去除已经保持附着到热板熔焊元件12的任何塑料部分。
所述过程的这一部分是通过在热板熔焊元件12在活动条件和非使用条件之间移动期间使刷子67分别在第一面64上方和在第二面65上方经过来执行的。
本发明实现了所提出的目标。特别地，可以将焊缝保持在格区19a内以及操作容纳压件27就阻止多余材料流出。因此，所有适于去除多余材料的表面修整工作被消除，随之带来时间方面、能量方面和节省对其它机械的使用方面的优势。
此外，去除操作确保了相互接触的型材构件3的表面的平坦化，随之导致节省了目前为了获得所要求的量而必须熔融的材料。
还要强调的是，在焊接板上提供凹部和凸部以及在要焊接区域上生成凸起和凹腔这种特定方案允许显著地增大焊接的强度和机械紧密性。
凸起和凹腔以本发明所指定的方式相互耦接实际上确实决定了要焊接区域的紧密接附，这是因为与完全平坦的要焊接区域之间的传统耦接相比，接触面更大。
还必须强调的是，移开焊接板及被焊接材料的表面张力通常决定形成薄表面排斥层(thin surface repellent layer)，也被称为“皮(skin)”，其至少部分地阻碍型材构件的末端的后续接附；而相互交替地存在凸起和凹腔则强烈地阻止形成“皮”表面层，“皮”表面层往往只在凸起的最暴露部分中形成而不影响凹腔。
由于所有这些原因，我们看到了型材构件的两个头部末端之间接附能力的增强，其允许实现极限强度(ultimate strength)大约30％的提高。
在这方面，已经在相同形状和大小的几对测试型材构件上进行了一系列实验测试，这些测试型材构件的其它条件都相同，而只在以下特性方面有所不同：
A)未铣削的测试型材构件(即没有沟槽19)，并且传统地焊接，即借助于没有凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b的焊接板；
B)未铣削的测试型材构件，但是根据本发明焊接，即借助于具有凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b的焊接板；
C)铣削过的测试型材构件(即具有沟槽19)，但是传统地焊接；
D)铣削过的测试型材构件，并且根据本发明焊接。
示例性地，通过对于情形A)将极限强度指示为1千克并且将这样的参考值与对于情形B)、C)和D)所获得的数据相比较，得到以下结果：
–情形A)的极限强度：1千克
–情形B)的极限强度：1.3千克
–情形C)的极限强度：0.83千克
–情形D)的极限强度：1.1千克
因此如可以从所获得的数据看到的那样，显然，使用具有凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b的焊接板就允许在没有沟槽19时增强型材构件之间的连接(从1千克变化到1.3千克)，并且允许在有沟槽时增强型材构件之间的连接(从0.83千克变化到1.1千克)。
还要强调的是，与传统焊接相比，采用旨在生成用于焊缝的容纳格区的沟槽19就决定了强度的显著降低(从1千克变化到0.83千克)(这是由于型材构件的壁厚减小)，但是借助于本发明，强度极限可以返回到初始值以上的值(从0.83千变化到1.1千克)。
将去除装置18与具有凹部64a、65a和凸部64b、65b的焊接板12结合在单个焊接机上这样的特定方案因此就允许获得之前从未实现的结果，来生成相当牢实并且具有相当有美感的外观的塑料材料窗框和门框，而这并不要求附加的表面修整操作。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于焊接塑料材料、尤其是PVC的型材构件的设备，包括：
-基架(38)，其支撑各个型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)的一对固锁件(2)，用于衔咬所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)使得相应的要被焊接区域(4；62，63)彼此面对；
-加热装置(11)，用于加热所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)的所述要被焊接区域(4；62，63)，所述加热装置包括至少一个热板熔焊元件(12)并且能在活动条件和非使用条件之间移动，所述加热装置在所述活动条件中被放置在所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)之间，所述加热装置在所述非使用条件中与所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)间隔开一定距离；
-所述固锁件(2)的移动装置(7)，用于将所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)在第一相互远离方向和第二相互靠近方向之间位移，在所述第二相互靠近方向上，所述要被焊接区域(4；62，63)耦接在一起；
-去除装置(18)，其由铣削去除装置构成；
其特征在于，所述铣削去除装置(18)包括：
-对应于所述固锁件(2)定位的支撑框架(20)；
-至少一个加工工具(21)；
-与所述加工工具(21)相关联的电机部件(22)；和
-所述加工工具(21)的移动件(23)，用于在第一空闲条件和第二工作条件之间移动所述加工工具(21)，所述加工工具(21)在所述第二工作条件中被放置在所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括一对加工工具(21)，其中每一个都配备有位于相应的要被焊接的区域(4；62，63)的外周边缘上的活动头部(21a)；所述加工工具(21)相互相对以同时工作于所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)的两个面对面的边缘上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备，其特征在于，所述加工工具(21)借助于所述移动件(23)的移动被定位成对应于所述要被焊接的区域(4)的侧边缘。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的设备，其特征在于，所述支撑框架(20)包括设置在所述固锁件(2)上方的支撑条(24)；所述加工工具(21)被安装在所述支撑条(24)的末端上。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备，其特征在于，所述支撑条(24)可操作地连接到所述移动件(23)，以对应于所述要被焊接的区域(4)移动。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述加工工具(21)的所述移动件(23)包括所述支撑条(24)的一对支撑轨(25)，用于使所述支撑条(24)自身在缩回位置和另一位置之间位移，在所述另一位置，所述加工工具(21)被放置在所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)之间。
7.根据权利要求4至6中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电机部件(22)衔咬在所述支撑条(24)上。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述电机部件(22)为电动型的、小型的、无刷无传感器的类型。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括静电部件(28)，用于保持在所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)的铣削去除操作期间形成的削屑。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备，其特征在于，所述静电部件(28)借助于电极连接到高压发生器。
11.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括抽吸装置，用于去除在所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)的铣削去除操作期间形成的削屑。
12.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，，其特征在于：
-所述型材构件(3；3a，3b；60，61)包括分别具有第一要被焊接区域(62)和第二要被焊接区域(63)的第一型材构件(60)和第二型材构件(61)；
-所述热板熔焊元件(12)具有所述要被焊接区域(62，63)能接触地放置在上面的相互相对的第一面(64)和第二面(65)，其中：
-所述第一面(64)具有多个第一凹部(64a)和第一凸部(64b)，适于在所述第一要被焊接区域(62)上生成多个第一凸起(62a)和第一凹腔(62b)；以及
-所述第二面(65)具有多个第二凹部(65a)和第二凸部(65b)，适于在所述第二要被焊接区域(63)上生成多个第二凸起(63a)和第二凹腔(63b)；
-被加热后的所述要被焊接区域(62，63)能相互接合，其中所述第一凸起(62a)对应于所述第二凹腔(63b)并且所述第二凸起(63a)对应于所述第一凹腔(62b)。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的设备，其特征在于，所述设备包括与所述基架(38)相关联的清洁装置(67)，适于去除已经保持附着到所述热板熔焊元件(12)的任何塑料部分。
14.根据权利要求12和13所述的设备，其特征在于，所述清洁装置(67)包括一对适于分别在所述第一面(64)上方和在所述第二面(65)上方经过的刷子。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其特征在于，所述刷子(67)被设置在所述基架(38)上，以在所述热板熔焊元件(12)在所述活动条件与所述非使用条件之间转换期间在所述面(64，65)上方经过。
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