CN106999996B - 包装材料的处理方法 - Google Patents
包装材料的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium chloride Substances Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
- C01F7/42—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from metallic aluminium, e.g. by oxidation
- C01F7/428—Preparation of aluminium oxide or hydroxide from metallic aluminium, e.g. by oxidation by oxidation in an aqueous solution
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Abstract
本发明的主题是经金属化的包装材料的处理方法，尤其是饮料纸盒或者泡罩包装的处理方法。根据本发明，借助酸将铝溶解并且与塑料分离。然后对酸的含金属溶液进行高温水解处理并回收酸。铝可以作为有用的氧化铝回收。
Description
技术领域
本发明的主题是经金属化的包装材料的处理方法，尤其是饮料纸盒例如利乐包(Tetra Pak)、怡乐包(ELOPAK)等或者可视包装(泡罩包装)的处理方法。
背景技术
尽管名叫饮料纸盒，但它不是仅由纸板组成，而是由纸板和塑料(对于可较长时间保存的产品例如果汁和奶还由铝)组成的多个彼此紧密结合的层制成。铝保护产品免受氧和光的影响。在2006年，饮料纸盒中的纤维素份额已经只有60-76％，塑料份额为13-34％，并且铝份额为0-6％。塑料层主要是聚乙烯。
利乐包是饮料纸盒的一种商标，它自二十世纪50年代起由同名的瑞典企业经营，并且在世界范围内扩展，尤其作为奶品包装。该商标名在德语的使用中在一般情况下作为饮料纸盒的同义词。
目前主要从回收的饮料纸盒中回收纤维素份额，即纤维。这些纤维在纸张、纸板和厚纸板的生产中被再利用。同时大量的塑料份额通常作为能量使用，即燃烧，并且铝份额作为铝土矿的替代品在水泥工业中共同焚烧。还经常将塑料份额和铝份额仅仅压制成包并存放。这些残余物因此仅仅用作主要燃料替代品或者存放于堆放场。
借助特定的成型工艺，由粉碎的饮料纸盒生产没有特定的品质要求的简单物品(水果箱等)。为此，将包含的塑料作为复合材料熔融，将残余纤维、铝以及残余物质一起加工。
还存在这样的回收方案：其中将塑料份额浸油并将铝以絮凝的形式回收。
在另一种方法中，将料渣即塑料箔和铝箔在气体反应器中在400℃以上的温度下进行热解。在这种情况下，聚乙烯从400℃开始气化(热解气)，其中铝在该温度下保持固态。但是铝在这种情况下呈现为团聚体，其被未气化的杂质(主要是碳化合物，但是也有其它金属)所污染。可燃的热解气随后在其燃烧过程中产生电能和热能。例如在WO 00/09771 A1或者在WO 00/09770 A1中记载了一种方法，其中将塑料成分在流化床中气化。
WO 97/49494 A1记载了一种方法，其中将经金属化的包装材料借助精炼机粉碎并且将纤维通过溶解鼓回收。
在另一种回收方法中，将料渣用超过1100℃的热等离子体束处理。尽管料渣的铝在该工艺中以更有用的锭状除去，但是该方法很耗能。
尽管以不同的方式考虑了将饮料纸盒的各个组分以真正的有用材料(即不燃烧塑料份额)进行回收并且在中试设备中进行了测试，但是还从来没有在工业上应用。
而WO 2010/052016A2记载了一种方法，其中将粉碎的废塑料借助浮沉分离技术(Schwimm-Sink-Trenntechnik)进行分离。在这种情况下，也使用选择性溶剂处理，通过其将各个塑料组分溶解并因此与金属和其它塑料组分分离。通过该方法可以将不同的塑料层单独回收。纤维也和铝层一样成为单独的成分。
DE 31 10 254 A1记载了一种用于泡罩包装的回收方法，它尤其还用于片剂或者胶囊剂的药物的包装。在这种情况下，将铝-PVC废箔颗粒化，添加添加剂并用作热塑性塑料的起始原料。在这种情况下不可能进行塑料和铝的分别回收。
发明内容
本发明的任务同样在于提供一种出色的方法，通过其可以从包装材料回收基本成分(塑料和铝)。
该任务通过根据本发明方法得以解决。
在根据本发明的方法中，将铝借助酸溶解，从而基本上仅有塑料份额作为固体材料留存。如果在包装材料中还存在纤维，那么将其在酸处理之前分离。然后将所述酸的含金属溶液进行高温水解处理，优选在喷雾焙烧反应器中进行。在这种情况下，通过含金属溶液的喷雾焙烧以及随后将在此形成的气体吸收和/或冷凝于水性吸收溶液中而将酸回收。然后可以将回收的酸再次用于铝的溶解。为了可以获得优质的含铝溶液，有意义的是预先检测其它金属例如铁或者非铁金属(铜等)，并将其从产品流中去除，例如采用磁体、涡电流技术或者采用NIR、XRF、电感结合吹出系统、浮沉技术等。
将在高温水解过程中产生的金属氧化物(即氧化铝)在喷雾焙烧器的底部或者还在气体净化过程中(旋风分离器)抽出。用于酸回收的这种装置的结构例如记载于AT395312B和EP0775760A1中。
通过高温水解处理过程中的工艺参数的相应调整，可以对氧化铝品质施加影响，从而例如可以有利于立方γ-Al2O3的形成，以及有利于结晶度或者斜方六面体(三角晶系)α-Al2O3的形成。还可以影响粒径分布。
在还含有纤维的包装材料的情况下，有意义的是首先使纤维脱离，并将在此过程中形成纤维悬浮液从剩余的塑料和铝残余物去除或者分离。此后借助酸进行铝的溶解。
优选地，使用盐酸(HCl)作为酸，因为铝可以借助其特别好地溶解，而不侵蚀塑料，例如聚乙烯。
当在高温水解处理后接着进行氧化铝的热后处理时，则可以进一步提高形成的氧化铝的品质。通过该后处理将剩余的碳残余物燃烧并且提高α-Al2O3的份额和结晶度。热后处理在800℃至2400℃之间的温度下进行，优选900至2000℃，特别是1400℃至1900℃。
氧化铝可以例如在回转炉中或者在等离子体反应器中进行后处理。
在本发明的一种实施方式中，将氧化铝在高温水解处理后或者热后处理后研磨。研磨工艺可以例如用固体磨机进行或者在液体介质中借助超声波进行。
为了氧化铝的品质提升并且为了降低成本，有利的是根据颗粒尺寸进行分级。
有利的是添加酸之前将仍然粘附在塑料或者铝上的纤维在高动态机器例如在摩擦机中或者摩擦干燥器中分离。由此保证了在添加酸之前纤维比例很低，例如小于1％。
有意义的是在将含金属溶液分离后将塑料送至另一净化阶段，在其中将剩余的残余纤维和残余酸从塑料去除。可以将用于洗涤的洗涤水送至用于回收酸的吸收塔。
优选地，将塑料-铝混合物在酸处理之前粉碎，由此可以扩大酸的侵蚀面积，并且由此可以将铝更快地溶解。有利的是在50℃和80℃之间的温度下进行酸处理。
附图说明
下面在图1中参照由饮料纸盒回收有用材料的实施例说明本发明。
具体实施方式
将任选地粉碎的饮料纸盒1与水一起送至纤维回收部分10。在这种情况下，纤维回收部分10可以包含鼓式碎浆机
(FFD)、高稠度碎浆机(HC)、中稠度碎浆机(MC)或者低稠度碎浆机(LC)。这种用于从饮料纸盒1进行纤维回收部分10的装置是已知的，因此不在这里更详细地说明。在铝絮凝物的必要时的物质后纯化后，可以将回收的纤维2再次用于纸张或者纸板的生产。
将在很大程度上不含纤维的塑料和铝箔份额在粉碎机11中粉碎，例如粉碎成50×50mm或者15×15mm或者80×80mm的尺寸。此后将铁成分通过金属分离器12例如磁体除铁器从产品流去除，或者在随后的设备中还去除非铁金属。
在另一工艺步骤13中将仍然粘附在塑料和铝上的纤维2借助摩擦机或者摩擦干燥器分离。该纤维份额相对于总料渣份额可以占最高达25％。然后可以将回收的纤维2在另一工艺步骤中进行后处理，并与从纤维回收部分10得到的纤维合并。
在溶解阶段14中，通过添加高百分比(＞18％)盐酸(HCl)，优选在升高的温度下并且在连续搅拌的情况下，铝层发生溶解。产生AlCl3溶液，它在下面的过滤步骤15中与仍处于固态的塑料份额例如聚乙烯分离。金属溶液可以随后通过湿化学方法或者物理方法进行纯化，由此可以提高氧化铝的纯度。还可以考虑向AlCl3溶液有针对性地添加原料，尤其是金属例如铬、铂、钛等，以影响焙烧后形成的氧化物的结构。
随后将基本上不含固体的金属溶液直接送至喷雾焙烧反应器16。
在这种情况下，为了回收盐酸，将AlCl3水溶液借助喷嘴在加热的喷雾焙烧反应器16中喷成细滴。液体首先通过生成的热而蒸发(蒸发阶段)，随后金属化合物开始分解(氧化阶段)。液滴在自由落体的情况下落向反应器下部并且几秒内被焙烧，也就是被热解分离成金属氧化物和酸份额。将酸份额在反应器顶部去除，并将氧化铝(Al2O3)通过反应器底部中的开口去除。一部分氧化铝也可能落入用于净化气态酸份额的除尘器中。随后将气态酸份额(HCl气体)在吸收塔17中吸收或冷凝。
回收的盐酸(HCllq)然后可以再次送至溶解阶段14。
在此，随后使在喷雾焙烧反应器16中出现的铝在例如1400℃至1900℃的温度下经受热后处理21，并且随后为了增大表面积进行研磨。在过滤步骤15中，将粘附有残余酸的残余纤维和塑料的混合物作为固体份额排出并且送至另一净化阶段18(例如具有机械干燥器的摩擦阶段)，在此将纤维2和残余物9与塑料3分离。
塑料3在后洗涤19和任选的干燥后变纯并且pH值为中性，作为销售商品或者用于集成造粒的成品。含酸的洗涤水可以在17中用于气态酸组分的吸收。
来自酸回收过程16、17的废气在气体净化阶段20中进行净化，例如借助催化后净化来进行净化。
除了用于纤维分离和纤维净化的单元以外，针对用于回收泡罩包装的方法方案可以同样地构造。
Claims (15)
1.包装材料的处理方法，所述包装材料含有塑料和铝并且含有纤维，其特征在于，在将纤维分离之后将铝溶解于盐酸中以形成所述酸的含金属溶液，其中，在将铝溶解于盐酸中之前，将铁或者铜或者除了铝以外的可溶于盐酸的其它金属用分离系统去除，并且将所述酸的含金属溶液与塑料分离，并且对所述含金属溶液进行高温水解处理以形成氧化铝，随后将在其中形成的气态产物吸收或冷凝以回收盐酸，其中高温水解处理在喷雾焙烧反应器(16)中进行，其中对形成的氧化铝进行热后处理，所述热后处理在1400℃与2400℃之间的温度下进行。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在铝溶解之前使纤维脱离以形成纤维悬浮液，并且将纤维悬浮液与塑料和铝分离，然后将铝溶解于盐酸中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，热后处理在回转炉中或者等离子体反应器中进行。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将氧化铝研磨。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将氧化铝根据颗粒尺寸进行分级分离。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，将在高温水解处理步骤中回收的盐酸再次用于铝的溶解。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将铝溶解于盐酸中之前，将仍然粘附在塑料或者铝上的纤维在高动态机器(13)中分离。
8.根据权利要求7的方法，其中所述高动态机器是摩擦机、碎浆机或者摩擦干燥器。
9.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将含金属溶液分离后将塑料送至另一净化阶段(18)，在该阶段中将剩余的残余纤维和残余盐酸从塑料去除。
10.根据权利要求9的所述方法，其特征在于，将塑料洗涤，并且将含盐酸的洗涤水用于所形成的气态产物的吸收。
11.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将铝溶解于盐酸中之前，将塑料和铝粉碎。
12.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在高温水解处理之前将所述含金属溶液通过湿化学方法或者物理方法纯化。
13.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在高温水解处理之前向所述含金属溶液添加添加剂。
14.根据权利要求13的方法，其中所述添加剂是金属。
15.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其中所述包装材料是饮料纸盒或者泡罩包装。
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| CN106903821A (zh) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-06-30 | 淄博泰诚生物科技有限公司 | 铝塑分离机 |
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| DE3110254A1 (de) | 1981-03-17 | 1982-10-07 | Walter Ing.(grad.) 6990 Bad Mergentheim Ries | Verfahren zur verwertung von alu-pvc-abfallfolien, insbesondere der farma-industrie, und nach solchen verfahren hergestellte produkte |
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