CN106999603A - 从放射性药物中除去乙醛的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明描述了用于除去或控制或定量存在的醛(尤其是乙醛)的方法。这种方法在延长药物产品的贮存寿命中有用。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于除去或控制醛的形成和用于其定量的方法。具体而言,本发明涉及用于除去和/或控制和/或定量乙醛形成的方法。
发明背景
常常在放射性药物的最终制剂中发现乙醛。乙醛形成的速率随着放射性的增加而增加。对于乙醛形成存在数种来源;乙醇是最重要的来源之一。乙醛最可能通过乙醇的氧化而形成。这种氧化在放射性环境中加剧。在最坏的情况下,乙醛的形成可能限制最大可能的放射化学浓度(RAC)和因此限制患者剂量的数量和产品贮存寿命两者。另外,乙醛水平在放射性药物的贮存寿命期间增加。因此,乙醛的水平不能通过放射性药物本身的制造工艺控制。
因此在本领域中存在定量和/或除去和/或控制乙醛形成的方法的需要,以便确保乙醛水平保持在可接受的限值内以延长放射性药物的贮存寿命。本发明解决了这种需要。
发明概述
本发明提供了定量和/或除去和/或控制在最终的放射性药物制剂中的乙醛水平在可接受的限值内(即120µg/10µl;Muller等人,Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,44,(2006),198-211)的方法。具体而言,本发明通过引入醛清除剂提供定量和/或除去和/或控制在放射性药物贮存寿命期间的乙醛水平的方法。本发明的方法还可以用于测量和除去最终放射性药物制剂中发现的其它副产物(例如其它醛、酮)。
作为气相色谱(GC)的备选方案,本发明的方法可以品质控制(QC)为目的特别地用于测定在放射性药物制剂中的痕量的乙醛。通过GC测量残留的乙醛因在药物制剂中乙醇的存在(由于其相对大的峰)而变得复杂,且本发明的方法克服了这个问题。本发明的方法还可以用于测定乙醇中的乙醛。可以将由氨氧基和醛或酮之间的反应得到的衍生物设计为一个分子,这将提高灵敏度和分离度两者。
通过本发明的方法定量和/或除去和/或控制乙醛的形成,在药物制剂中的乙醛水平(如文中所限定)可以保持在可接受的标准限值内,且因此可以得到增加的放射化学浓度(RAC),这继而可以将来自单一批次的放射性药物制剂的患者剂量的数量最大化。本发明允许简化和改进用于测定各种药物制剂中发现的痕量的醛和酮的品质控制(QC)方法。
结合附图从以下优选实施方案的详细描述中,本发明的这些和其它方面将变得显而易见。
附图简述
图1显示了通过用醛清除剂AH111695猝灭,对Fluciclatide (18F)注射的RCP的影响。
优选实施方案的详述
为更清晰和简明地描述和指出所要求保护的发明的主题,下文提供了在本发明的说明书和权利要求书全文中使用的具体术语的定义。文中具体术语的任何示例应该被认为是非限制性实例。
在整个申请中,术语“包含(comprising)”或“包含(comprises)”具有其常规的含义,且表明试剂或组合物必须具有列出的必要特征或组分,但是可以另外存在其它特征或组分。术语“包含”包括“基本由……组成”的优选子集,“基本由……组成”是指该组合物具有列出的组分,而不存在其它特征或组分。
本发明提供了定量和/或除去和/或控制药物制剂中乙醛形成的方法。
本发明提供了一种包括将醛清除剂与药物制剂结合的步骤的方法。
本发明提供了一种包括将醛清除剂与药物制剂结合的步骤的方法,其中所述药物制剂包含放射性药物和溶剂。
本发明提供了一种包含醛清除剂、放射性药物和溶剂的组合物。
醛清除剂
根据本发明,所述醛清除剂可以为具有氨氧基端基的任何分子。已知氨氧基官能团反应性很高,允许例如1ppm浓度的丙酮在室温下接近完全转化。
根据本发明,所述醛清除剂可以定量和/或控制乙醛水平和/或因此允许乙醛从药物制剂中除去直到该水平在可接受的工业标准限值内。根据本发明,所述醛清除剂同样可以应用于药物制剂中发现的其它副产物(例如其它醛例如氟苯甲醛(FBA)、酮)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述醛清除剂为以下化合物(本文还称为“AH111695”; Mol. Wt. 1709.92):
根据本发明,所述乙醛清除剂可以各种方式提供给药物制剂。例如,所述乙醛清除剂可以如下方式提供:
(i)在药物制剂中的含有游离氨氧基的赋形剂;
(ii)包含含有结合氨氧基官能团的固相材料,通过其所述药物制剂将通过;
(iii)筒/过滤单元的部分,作为起初分配单独剂量/QC/微型/保存样品小瓶期间使用的分配流体通道的部分;
(iv)筒/过滤单元的部分,作为用于正好在临床使用之前分配的分配流体通道的部分;
(v)在放射性示踪剂的制造之后立即填充用于患者剂量施用的注射器时,药物制剂通过的筒/过滤单元的部分;和/或
(vi)正好在临床使用之前填充用于患者剂量施用的注射器时,药物制剂通过的筒/过滤单元。
根据本发明,所述醛清除剂还可以作为赋形剂在预制备制剂小瓶中加入。放射性药物例如PET示踪剂通常从自动合成机(例如FASTlabTM)转移并进入预填充的制剂小瓶以进行配制生产。根据本发明的这个方面,所述醛清除剂可以是作为赋形剂的这种预填充制剂小瓶的部分。
根据本发明,所述醛清除剂还可以作为赋形剂加入到临床小瓶中。在配制之后将本文描述的药物制剂分配到不同的小瓶中。如果醛清除剂为固体颗粒,其无法分配,因为这种分配包括无菌过滤。这个问题的解决方案为将清除剂作为赋形剂在临床小瓶(患者小瓶)中提供。
在本发明的定量实施方案的上下文中,应该注意的是可以检测低至低于0.2 µg/ml(相当于0.1纳摩尔)的在氨氧基和醛之间的反应中形成的亚胺,例如对于本文描述的PET示踪剂fluciclatide通过UV检测(通过质谱检测的灵敏度将更高)。0.1纳摩尔乙醛相当于0.0048 µg/ml乙醛或0.0048 ppm=4.8 ppb乙醛。如下示出了用于乙醛定量的模型反应:
可以通过GC或HPLC分析得到的分子3。由于在极性上的巨大差异,从2中分离3被认为是简单的。
如下示出的AH111930为本文描述的醛清除剂AH111695与乙醛之间的产物:
AH111930在本文描述的fluciclatide的合成期间形成,且取决于在加工期间使用的乙醛(例如在乙醇中)的含量,AH111930以各种量在粗制反应混合物中发现。在最终纯化步骤中,AH111930通常减少到低于1-2 µg/ml。在释放Fluciclatide (18F)注射液期间,在最终产物中的AH111930的量由QC HPLC方法测定。在纯化期间将全部未反应的AH111695除去,且因此乙醛将保持未反应,如果其在纯化之后形成。在药物制剂储存期间形成的乙醛的量可以通过将一些AH111695加入到样品中并加热10min来测定。随后可以使用QC HPLC方法分析该样品,且定量AH111930的含量并与释放分析比较。AH111930可以具有低于用作标准物的fluciclatide的在216nm下的响应,但是可以测定两者之间的响应比率且AH111585仍用作基准物。
药物制剂
根据本发明,药物制剂应该是指任何最终的放射性药物制剂。在一个实施方案中,所述药物制剂是适合于哺乳动物施用的形式,其是指无菌、无热原、缺乏产生毒性或不良作用的化合物的制剂,且在生物相容pH(大约pH4.0-10.5)下配制。这种制剂缺乏可引起体内栓子风险的颗粒,并且配制使得在与生物流体(例如血液)接触时不产生沉淀。这种制剂还仅包含生物相容的赋形剂,并且优选是等渗的。根据本发明,药物制剂包含放射性药物和溶剂,本文分别对其进行描述。药物制剂可以通过本领域已知的任何方式制备,包括但不限于自动合成机(例如FASTlabTM)。
放射性药物
根据本发明,放射性药物可以包含适用于体外或体内成像的任何放射标记的化合物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述放射标记的化合物适用于体内成像。为适用于体内成像,放射性药物适当地以适合于哺乳动物施用的方式提供,且有助于在关注区域或器官提供比可以通过使哺乳动物受体单独成像得到的图像更清晰的图像。在优选的实施方案中,所述放射性药物为正电子发射断层摄影(PET)示踪剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述放射性药物为18F PET示踪剂。合适的18F PET示踪剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于[18F]fluciclatide、[18F]flutemetamol和[18F]GE180:
适合于产生[18F]fluciclatide和包含[18F]fluciclatide的制剂的方法描述于WO2004080492 A1、WO 2006030291 A2、WO 2012076697 A1和US 20130209358 A1中。在本发明的方面的一个实施方案中,所述18F PET示踪剂为[18F]fluciclatide。
适合于产生[18F]flutametamol和包含[18F]flutametamol的制剂的方法描述于WO2007020400 A1、WO 2009027452 A2和WO 2011044406 A2中。在本发明的方面的一个实施方案中,所述18F PET示踪剂为[18F]flutametamol。
适合于产生[18F]GE180和包含[18F]GE180的组合物的方法描述于WO 2010109007A2、WO 2011117421 A1和WO 2012080349 A1中。在本发明的方面的一个实施方案中,所述18FPET示踪剂为[18F]GE180。
溶剂
根据本发明,所述溶剂可以包含本领域已知的适用于药物制剂的任何有机溶剂。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述溶剂包含醇。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述溶剂为乙醇、异丙醇或生物醇。在一个优选的实施方案中,所述溶剂为乙醇。
该书面说明书使用包括最佳模式的实施例来公开本发明且还使任何本领域技术人员可以实施本发明,包括制备和使用任何设备或系统且进行任何结合方法。本发明的专利范围由权利要求限定,且可以包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实施例。如果其它实施例具有不与权利要求的书面语言不同的结构要素,或如果其包括与权利要求的书面语言无显著区别的等价结构要素,这些其它实施例旨在权利要求的范围内。文中提到的所有专利和专利申请通过引用以其整体结合到本文,即使其单独结合。
实施例1
在使用HPLC分析在Fluciclatide (18F)注射样品中乙醛的含量的实验中,使用AH111695将乙醛衍生为UV吸收fluciclatide类似物AH111930(方案1)。
方案1
在10小时衰减(decay)之后,将0.5 ml Fluciclatide (18F)注射样品与0.5 ml水性1.6 mM AH111695/77.2 mM 苯胺 HCl混合并经30min加热到60°C。通过HPLC测定AH111930的摩尔含量且发现通过AH111695猝灭的乙醛的量为7.6 µg/ml。相比之下,之后通过GC分析测定在对照样品中未猝灭(即未加入醛清除剂AH111695)的乙醛的量为6.9 µg。HPLC和GC结果之间的偏差是由于HPLC方法比GC方法更高的灵敏度。结果指示通过加入醛清除剂AH111695得到完全猝灭的乙醛。
还分析Fluciclatide (18F)注射的猝灭样品的放射性杂质4-[18F]氟苯甲醛([18F]FBA)的含量,且将结果与未猝灭的样品作比较。结果显示醛清除剂AH111695与[18F]FBA反应形成[18F]fluciclatide,将[18F]FBA放射性杂质从产物中除去。这对放射化学纯度(RCP)具有重大影响。9小时分析未猝灭样品得到92.5%的RCP(初始RAC 1030 MBq/ml)。在加入醛清除剂AH111695之后,RCP增加到94.5%(顺式异构体和反式异构体加在一起)。在猝灭前后放射性色谱图的覆盖图示于图1中。显示了两种主要的放射性杂质,其中[18F]FBA在猝灭样品中未检测出来。
图1清晰地证明了所述方法在控制醛形成方面的功效:(1)底部迹图(trace)为在9小时之后用醛清除剂AH111695猝灭的Fluciclatide (18F)注射液;(2)中部迹图为空白;和(3)顶部迹图为在9小时之后未猝灭的Fluciclatide (18F)注射液,即未加入醛清除剂AH111695。
Claims (19)
1.一种用于定量、除去或控制在药物制剂中乙醛形成的方法,包括将醛清除剂与药物制剂结合的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述醛清除剂为具有氨氧基端基的任何分子。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中所述醛清除剂具有以下结构:
。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述药物制剂包含放射性药物和溶剂。
5.根据权利要求4的方法,其中所述放射性药物为正电子发射断层摄影(PET)示踪剂。
6. 根据权利要求5的方法,其中所述放射性药物为18F PET示踪剂。
7.根据权利要求6的方法,其中所述放射性药物为选自包含以下组分的化合物:
[18F]fluciclatide;
[18F]flutametamol;和,
[18F]GE180。
8.根据权利要求4-7中任一项的方法,其中所述溶剂包含醇。
9.根据权利要求8的方法,其中所述醇选自乙醇、异丙醇和生物醇。
10.根据权利要求9的方法,其中所述醇为乙醇。
11.一种包含醛清除剂、放射性药物和溶剂的组合物。
12.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中所述醛清除剂为具有氨氧基端基的任何分子。
13.根据权利要求11的组合物,其中所述醛清除剂具有以下结构:
。
14.根据权利要求11-13中任一项的组合物,其中所述放射性药物为正电子发射断层摄影(PET)示踪剂。
15. 根据权利要求11-14中任一项的组合物,其中所述放射性药物为18F PET示踪剂。
16.根据权利要求15的组合物,其中所述放射性药物为选自包含以下组分的化合物:
[18F]fluciclatide;
[18F]flutametamol;和,
[18F]GE180。
17.根据权利要求11-16中任一项的组合物,其中所述溶剂包含醇。
18.根据权利要求17的组合物,其中所述醇为乙醇、异丙醇或生物醇。
19.根据权利要求18的组合物,其中所述醇为乙醇。
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