CN106961983B - A method of overcoming dragon fruit Fruit Cracking - Google Patents
A method of overcoming dragon fruit Fruit Cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN106961983B CN106961983B CN201710254239.5A CN201710254239A CN106961983B CN 106961983 B CN106961983 B CN 106961983B CN 201710254239 A CN201710254239 A CN 201710254239A CN 106961983 B CN106961983 B CN 106961983B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for overcoming dragon fruit Fruit Cracking, acquire the pollen of the high-quality breeding of red meat dragon fruit " honey is red ", by way of artificial pollination, on the column cap for investing wide-open " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower, realization overcomes " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit Fruit Cracking phenomenon, promotes " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit fruit quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular to a method of overcome dragon fruit Fruit Cracking.
Background technique
Dragon fruit is the succulent plant for perennial the climbing up by holding on to property that Cactaceae hylocereus belongs to, and belongs to the torrid zone, subtropical fruit tree, is risen
Tropical rain forest and desert region derived from Central America, artificial cultivation is throughout Central America, Israel, Vietnam, Thailand, U.S. etc.；I
State Taiwan has decades cultivation history, develops about 2.55 ten thousand mu of area, and dragon fruit large area development in China's Mainland is started late,
It is surging forward nearly ten years on Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and other places, develops area ten thousand mu about more than 50, wherein about 150,000 mu of Guangxi, extensively
About 120,000 mu of east, about 100,000 mu of Guizhou, about 50,000 mu of Yunnan, about 50,000 mu of Hainan, about more than 3.5 ten thousand mu of Fujian, and in fast development
The impetus, still, at present China's dragon fruit producing region plantation red meat dragon fruit kind 80% or so be old kind, needed in production
Artificial pollination, artificial high production cost, single fruit weight is less than normal, poor quality, and productivity effect is low.
" auspicious dragon " dragon fruit is the red meat dragon fruit kind that Fujian dragon fruit producing region is greatly developed in the past, develop area compared with
Greatly, 50% or more of Zhan Fujian dragon fruit area, its flower are hermaphrodite flowers, and hermaphroditic belongs to and is selfed not affine type, are awarded from flower
Powder fruit-setting rate only 15% or so, but cross-pollination fruit-setting rate is higher, up to 96% or more；" auspicious dragon " dragon fruit mean fruit weight
418.6g, maximum more than 1000g, pericarp aubergine, relatively thin, pulp is red, and meat is clear and melodious, soft succulence, soluble solid
Object l3.8%~16.5% has fragranced, in good taste, and dense Semen sesami nigrum shape seed, edible between meat, slightly fragrance, edible rate 65%
~76%, quality is excellent, but the upper dehiscent fruit of production is more serious, reduces the commodity rate of " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit, influences the warp of dragon fruit production
Ji benefit.In consideration of it, we develop the method that one kind overcomes " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit Fruit Cracking by test: acquisition red meat
The pollen of the high-quality breeding of dragon fruit " honey is red " invests wide-open " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower by way of artificial pollination
Column cap on, realization overcomes " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit Fruit Cracking phenomenon, promotes " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit fruit quality.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for overcoming dragon fruit Fruit Cracking.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The method includes as follows:
(1) " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit for examination is randomly choosed, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays peripheral, sunny, the consistent flower of robust growth
Piece, unopened stamen anther is cut on the day before flowering, and put on sulfuric acid paper bag to every flower, wait pollinate；
(2) when second day night " honey red " dragon fruit flower great opening, acquire pollen, interim storage in wide-mouth bottle,
It marks；
(3) start to pollinate in night on that night 10-11 point, " honey is red " dragon fruit pollen is invested into complete opening respectively with writing brush
" auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower pistil stigma on, sulfuric acid paper bag is put on after artificial pollination again；
Sulfuric acid paper bag is unlocked after (4) 4 days, is extractd fruit top and is thanked to flower, sprays 1 effective cypermethrin+800 times of first of 800 times of liquid
Base thiophanate, then black nonwoven fabric mesh bag is put on, sack is tightened with small rubber band, is marked, completely, sufficiently to fruit annesl
It is harvested when mature.
The present invention has the advantages that
The present invention is the red meat dragon fruit excellent variety being bred as in recent years, fruit oblong, mouth using " honey is red " dragon fruit
Feel, quality is excellent, and fruit is not easy dehiscent fruit, and storage & fresh-keeping period is longer.It will " honey the is red " pollination of dragon fruit as " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit
Kind can be effectively prevented from the generation of " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit Fruit Cracking phenomenon.These pollination fruits in terms of Cracking fruit with pollination
Kind " honey is red " has similar trait expression, there are allergenic pollen plants, passes through artificial pollination in production, can overcome " auspicious dragon "
Dehiscent fruit phenomenon in dragon fruit production, makes the quality of fruit be improved, substantially increases the quotient of " auspicious dragon " flue fruits
Product rate.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
3 kinds of technical solutions that " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower test of pollination is implemented, in June, 2016 to August points 3 times in good fortune
The progress of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences's fruit tree research institute's dragon fruit proving ground is built, sets 3 pollination combinations altogether every time: 1, auspicious dragon (pollination product
Kind) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety), for control；2, Bai Yulong's (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety)；3, the red (pollination of honey
Kind) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety).Each each composite test sets 3 repetitions.
1, auspicious imperial (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety)
The flower of " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit is hermaphrodite flower, and hermaphroditic belongs to and is selfed not affine type, and self-pollination fruit-setting rate is only
15% or so, but cross-pollination fruit-setting rate is higher, up to 96% or more.Test randomly chooses 15 plants of dragon fruit of " auspicious dragon " for examination,
It often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays peripheral, sunny, consistent 3 flowers of robust growth, put on sulphur to every flower in 45 the previous days that the flowers are in blossom puts
Sour paper bag acquires pollen, interim storage is in wide-mouth bottle when second day 9 points of night or so " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower great opening
In, it marks；Start to pollinate in 10 points of night of that night or so, with writing brush by " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit pollen invest respectively 45 it is complete
On " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower pistil stigma of Full-open, sulfuric acid paper bag is put on after artificial pollination again.Template is unlocked after 4 days
Bag extracts fruit top and thanks to flower, sprays 1 effective cypermethrin+800 times of thiophanate methyls of 800 times of liquid, then put on black nonwoven fabric net
Bag, tightens sack with small rubber band, marks.When complete when fruit annesl, sufficiently mature, the dehiscent fruit feelings of 45 fruits are investigated
Condition.
Test sets 3 repetitions, and 3 times test result is: it is respectively 13.33%, 14.82%, 14.82% that fruit, which pushes up average Cracking fruit,
(see Table 1 for details).
The dehiscent fruit situation of 1 45 fruits of table
2, Bai Yulong's (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety)
" Bai Yulong " dragon fruit is self-compatible type kind, can self-pollination, mean fruit weight 425g is maximum to be more than
1000g, pericarp aubergine, pulp white, meat is clear and melodious, succulence, soluble solid l1.1%~14.6%, total acid 0.61%, meat
Between dense Semen sesami nigrum shape seed, seed is soft, and edible, edible rate 62%~71%, quality is excellent, and dehiscent fruit is easier in production.
15 plants of dragon fruit of " auspicious dragon " for examination is randomly choosed, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays peripheral, sunny, robust growth consistent 3
Piece flower cuts unopened stamen anther on the day before flowering, and puts on sulfuric acid paper bag to every flower, wait pollinate.
When second day 9 points of night or so " Bai Yulong " dragon fruit flower great opening, pollen is acquired, interim storage is done in wide-mouth bottle
Good label；Start to pollinate in 10 points of night of that night or so, " Bai Yulong " dragon fruit pollen is invested 45 completely respectively with writing brush
On open " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower pistil stigma, sulfuric acid paper bag is put on after artificial pollination again.Sulfuric acid paper bag is unlocked after 4 days,
It extracts fruit top and thanks to flower, spray 1 effective cypermethrin+800 times of thiophanate methyls of 800 times of liquid, then put on black nonwoven fabric mesh bag,
Sack is tightened with small rubber band, is marked.When complete when fruit annesl, sufficiently mature, the dehiscent fruit situation of 45 fruits is investigated.
Test sets 3 repetitions, and 3 times test result is: it is respectively 8.89%, 10.37%, 11.85% that fruit, which pushes up average Cracking fruit,
(see Table 2 for details).
The dehiscent fruit situation of 2 45 fruits of table
3, sweet red (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety)
" honey is red " dragon fruit is the red meat dragon fruit excellent variety being bred as in recent years, fruit oblong, mean fruit weight
650g, maximum up to 1540g, mature pericarp royal purple is relatively thin, pulp royal purple, the soft crisp succulence of meat, and core is soluble
Solid content l8%~24%, total reducing sugar 11.3% is sweet, total acid (with citrometer) 0.10%, vitamin C 10.3mg/100g, kind
Sub- Semen sesami nigrum shape, edible, edible rate 77%~83.3%, in good taste, quality is excellent, and fruit is not easy dehiscent fruit, and storage & fresh-keeping period is longer.
15 plants of dragon fruit of " auspicious dragon " for examination is randomly choosed, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays peripheral, sunny, robust growth consistent 3
Piece flower cuts unopened stamen anther on the day before flowering, and puts on sulfuric acid paper bag to every flower, wait pollinate.
When second day 9 points of night or so " honey is red " dragon fruit flower great opening, pollen is acquired, interim storage is carried out in wide-mouth bottle
Label；Start to pollinate in 10 points of night of that night or so, with writing brush " honey is red " dragon fruit pollen is invested 45 respectively and opened completely
" auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower pistil stigma on, sulfuric acid paper bag is put on after artificial pollination again.Sulfuric acid paper bag is unlocked after 4 days, is extractd
Flower is thanked in fruit top, sprays 1 effective cypermethrin+800 times of thiophanate methyls of 800 times of liquid, then put on black nonwoven fabric mesh bag, use is small
Rubber band tightens sack, marks.When complete when fruit annesl, sufficiently mature, the dehiscent fruit situation of 45 fruits is investigated.
Test sets 3 repetitions, and 3 times test result is: it is 0 that fruit, which ejects existing dehiscent fruit number, and average Cracking fruit is detailed in for 0(
Table 3).As it can be seen that " honey the is red " pollinated variety of dragon fruit as " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit, can be effectively prevented from " auspicious dragon " flue fruits
The generation of dehiscent fruit phenomenon.This illustrates that these pollination fruits have similar character table with pollinated variety " honey is red " in terms of Cracking fruit
It is existing, there are allergenic pollen plants, pass through artificial pollination in production, the dehiscent fruit phenomenon that " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit can be overcome to produce makes
The quality of fruit is improved, and substantially increases the commodity rate of " auspicious dragon " flue fruits.
The dehiscent fruit situation of 3 45 fruits of table
43 pollination combination pollination fruit Cracking fruits of table analyze comparison sheet
Note: lowercase indicates 5% significance of difference, and capitalization indicates the extremely significant property of 1% difference.
The analysis of " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit test of pollination is compared by three above difference dragon fruit pollinated variety, as a result may be used
Know, in the test of " auspicious dragon (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety) ", the Cracking fruit of " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit pollination fruit is most
Height is 14.2%；In the test of " Bai Yulong's (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety) ", the Cracking fruit for the fruit that pollinates is
10.37%, reach extremely significant level with contrast difference；In " sweet red (pollinated variety) × auspicious imperial (to pollinated variety) " test,
The Cracking fruit of pollination fruit is minimum, is 0, reaches extremely significant horizontal (see Table 4 for details) with contrast difference.
In conclusion the popularization and application of " method for overcoming dragon fruit dehiscent fruit " this invention, it will help thoroughly solve " auspicious
The problem of dragon " dragon fruit produces upper Fruit Cracking, to promoting the development of China's dragon fruit industry undoubtedly to have great importance and
Far-reaching influence.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for overcoming dragon fruit Fruit Cracking, it is characterised in that: the method includes as follows:
(1) " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit for examination is randomly choosed, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays peripheral, sunny, the consistent flower of robust growth, in
Unopened stamen anther is cut on the day before flowering, and puts on sulfuric acid paper bag to every flower, wait pollinate；
(2) when second day night " honey is red " dragon fruit flower great opening, pollen is acquired, interim storage is carried out in wide-mouth bottle
Label；
(3) start to pollinate in night on that night 10-11 point, be invested respectively with writing brush general " honey is red " dragon fruit pollen wide-open
On " auspicious dragon " dragon fruit flower pistil stigma, sulfuric acid paper bag is put on after artificial pollination again；
Sulfuric acid paper bag is unlocked after (4) 4 days, is extractd fruit top and is thanked to flower, sprays 800 times of 1 effective cypermethrin+800 times of liquid methyl support
Cloth saliva, then black nonwoven fabric mesh bag is put on, sack is tightened with small rubber band, is marked, it is complete to fruit annesl, sufficiently mature
Shi Caishou.
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| CN102113449A (en) * | 2009-12-30 | 2011-07-06 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Dragon fruit grafting method |
| CN104604498A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-13 | 云南元江亚龙种植有限公司 | Purple heart pitaya planting and cultivating method |
| CN104663429A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-06-03 | 福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所 | Pollen solution for improving internal quality of murcotts, as well as preparation method and application of pollen solution |
| CN106171485A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2016-12-07 | 曹正祥 | A kind of implantation methods of Hylocereus undatus |
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