CN106916769A - A kind of mushroom bran compost bacterium preparation method and application - Google Patents
A kind of mushroom bran compost bacterium preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of mushroom bran compost bacterium preparation method and application.The active component of compost bacterium provided by the present invention is that CFU proportionings are (1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2)：The bacillus subtilis of (1~2), hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus.In microbial inoculum provided by the present invention, each bacterial strain, can fast breeding, efficient-decomposition lignocellulosic jointly under micro-oxygen conditions.The microbial inoculum manufacturing process is simple, decomposition function stabilization, long shelf-life.In the present embodiment, the microbial inoculum group of the microbial inoculum is added, compared to the control group for not adding microbial inoculum, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed shortens 6 days, the degradation rate of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin has been respectively increased 5.69%, 6.70% and 4.57%, total nitrogen loss rate reduces 9.44%, humus content and improves 13.51%, and seed germination index improves 8%.It is demonstrated experimentally that using the bacteria fermentation mushroom bran compost, the save energy without a large amount of ventilations, and nitrogen loss can be reduced, promoted compost maturity, improved compost quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and application of compost bacterium, more particularly to a kind of mushroom bran During High-Temperature Composting compound bacteria
Agent and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Continuous improvement with expanding economy and people to food variety and quality requirements, the demand day of edible mushroom
Become to increasing, yield is also improved constantly.However, with the development of mushroom industry, the solid discarded after harvesting fruit body of edible fungi
Culture medium is that the quantity of mushroom bran is also more and more.Investigation display, the edible mushroom for often producing 1.0kg about produces the mushroom bran of 5.0kg
(Paredes et al.,2009)。
Most mushroom bran causes environmental pollution by arbitrarily discarded.Rational exploitation and utilization edible fungus bran makes its resource
Efficiently using can not only solve problem of environmental pollution, can also turn waste into wealth, promote the circulation sustainable development of mushroom industry
Exhibition.
According to internationally recognized discarded object " minimizing, innoxious, resource " comprehensive regulation principle, biological compost treatment is
By the degradation of the microorganisms such as bacterium, fungi, actinomyces under manual control condition, organic matter is converted into humus
Treatment technology, so as to reach the innoxious and resource of raw material.This is to promote organic waste to be circulated benignly in agricultural production
And promote problem of environmental pollution to be able to the effective way for really solving, it is the optimization process method for tallying with the national condition.
Composting (composting) be under microbial action by hot fermentation make mineralization organic matter, humification and
Process that is innoxious and becoming composting fertilizer.During microorganism decomposing organic matter, can not only generate and can largely be planted
Available N and P, potassium compound that thing is utilized, moreover it is possible to form humus, it is the important active substances for constituting soil fertility.
Its process can be divided into three phases：The easily analyte such as carbohydrate, starch, fat, protein is decomposed and produced through microorganism
The temperature rise period of heat；Decomposed and the high temperature fermentation stage of lasting heat production with cellulose, hemicellulose；And remaining analyte after
The lignin unit come off in continuous decomposition and lignocellulosic is reconfigured after forming humus and become thoroughly decomposed the stage.Wherein, first
Phases-time relative brevity, the second stage time is more long and be that material changes the stage the most violent in Composting, and the 3rd rank
Section is the relatively mild only stage which must be passed by.Therefore, Composting process it is critical only that second stage.
Used as the promotion means of Composting process, the use of compost fermentation microbial inoculum increasingly attracts attention.But to Composting
The understanding of process mechanism is not enough to be manufactured with microbial inoculum, different using the degree of technology, and its using effect varies.Its subject matter
It is：1. some microbial inoculums excessively pay close attention to temperature rise effect, and microbial inoculum is made from the mesophilic micoorganism for easy analyte, due to not possessing
The ability of key component lignocellulosic is decomposed, the megathermal period rapidly disappears, and does not reach intended effect；2. aerobic bar is overemphasized
Part, promotes the compositions such as labile starch, fat, protein, but inhibits the decomposition of difficult analyte lignocellulosic, causes
Airproof secondary fermentation more long is needed to decompose difficult analyte, so as to extend the compost maturity time；3. compost fermentation environment
The middle microbial inoculum for using, all in same environment, whether these member bacterium can simultaneously grow its composition bacterium in same environment
And functionally can mutually cooperate with most important.But existing most of compost composite bacteria agent, is all utilized respectively different cultures
Condition each cultivates strain, and microbial inoculum is artificially mixed and made into by force.Result is often difficult to ensure that these member bacterium in same environment
In breed well, it is more difficult to reach stabilization effect and expected effect.
As can be seen here, research and develop it is a kind of can significantly shorten the compost maturity time, improve compost quality compost bacterium very
It is important.
The content of the invention
First purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of bacterium that can significantly shorten the compost maturity time, improve compost quality
Chaff compost bacterium.
Mushroom bran compost bacterium provided by the present invention, its active component is bacillus subtilis (Bacillus
Subtilis), hot red bacillus brevis (Brevibacillus thermoruber), Roy's formula bacillus brevis
(Brevibacillus reuszeri) and Brevibacillus laterosporus (Brevibacillus laterosporus).4 kinds of strains
Can be obtained by commercial sources, such as American Type culture center (ATCC), Chinese agriculture Microbiological Culture Collection management
Center (ACCC) or China General Microbiological culture presevation administrative center (CGMCC) etc., or voluntarily separate.
The bacillus subtilis, hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus are matched somebody with somebody
Than controlling in (1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2).
In microbial inoculum, as the bacillus subtilis of active component, hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and
The overall control of Brevibacillus laterosporus is 1.0 × 1010~5.0 × 1010Individual/mL microbial inoculums.
Second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of the microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of mushroom bran compost bacterium provided by the present invention, specifically may include following steps：
(1) respectively 4 kinds of strains described in claim 1 are carried out with culture activation, acquisition is compounded with 4 kinds of seeds of strain
Liquid；
(2) compound bacteria in seed liquor is fermented, obtains mushroom bran compost bacterium；
In mushroom bran compost bacterium, bacillus subtilis, hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and side spore are short
The proportioning of bacillus is (1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2), 4 kinds of total amounts of bacterium are 1.0 × 1010~5.0 × 1010
Individual/mL microbial inoculums.
The step of methods described in (1), each bacterial strain is cultivated, both each bacterial strain can individually be cultivated, also can respectively
Bacterial strain is mixed.As a kind of preferred embodiment, in step (1), 4 kinds of bacterium are individually cultivated first with A culture mediums, so
It is seeded to respectively afterwards in B culture mediums and is mixed；In step (2), seed liquor part is transferred to fresh B culture mediums
In fermented；
The solvent of the A culture mediums is water, and solute and concentration are specific as follows：CMC-Na 15.0g/L、NH4PO31.0g/L、
Yeast extract 1.0g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L、K2HPO41.0g/L, pH 7.0-7.2；
The solvent of the B culture mediums is water, and solute and concentration are specific as follows：CMC-Na 10.0g/L, tryptone 5.0g/
L, yeast extract 1.0g/L, Mandels nutritive salt concentrate 100mL/L, Mandels microelement concentrate 1.0mL/L, pH
7.0-7.2。
In B culture mediums, the concrete composition of described Mandels nutritive salt concentrates includes：(NH4)2SO415g/L、
(NH2)2CO 5g/L、KH2PO4 20g/L、CaCl2·2H2O 5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L；Described Mandels is micro
The concrete composition of element concentrate includes：FeSO4·7H2O 5g/L、MnSO4·H2O 1.5g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1.5g/L、
CoCl2·6H2O 3.0g/L。
In step (1) and (2), condition of culture is controllable to：50~60 DEG C of temperature, pH 7.0-7.2, shaking table vibration training
Support, rotating speed is 150-180r/min, incubation time 4d.
Third object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method using the microbial inoculum composting mushroom bran compost.
Method using above-mentioned microbial inoculum composting mushroom bran compost provided by the present invention, specifically may include following steps：
(1) the mushroom bran compost bacterium is added in watering can, then mushroom bran composting material is spread out, then with watering can bacterium
Agent is uniformly sprayed at the mushroom bran composting material surface spread out, and microbial inoculum and mushroom bran composting material are according to quality proportioning (2~5):100
Ratio mixes；After sprayed, it is stirred for uniformly, and it is 55%~60% to adjust mixing water content of matter；
(2) with step (1) gained mixture composting compost, heap temperature is measured on time daily with same measuring method,
And carry out heap body turning according to following principle：There is rising in the heap temperature but do not risen up to 40 DEG C also, holding gravity-flow ventilation is
Can；More than 40 DEG C are risen to whne the heap temperature but during also not up to 50 DEG C, then turning every other day is once from this day；Treat the heap body
When temperature rises to 50 DEG C and the above, then daily turning is once from this day；Treat that the heap temperature is down to 50 DEG C and less again
Rise, then every turning in 3 days is once from this day；From when the heap temperature is down to less than 40 DEG C and is no longer raised, stop turning；
When the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the heap body is less than 20, composting terminates.
In the method for composting mushroom bran compost presented above, from the 1st day, when being higher than 50 DEG C first to heap temperature
It is only temperature raising period；From heap temperature is higher than first 50 DEG C, it is down to less than 50 DEG C to heap temperature and stops being when no longer raising
High temperature fermentation period；8~12 days afterwards are to become thoroughly decomposed the later stage.
In addition, in composting process：If waste height is higher than 1.5m, sky is passed through in starting to heap body in the compost initial stage
Gas, throughput is the 10%~20% of heap body volume per hour；If being not required to if waste height is in below 1.5m separately in heap body
Air is passed through, gravity-flow ventilation is kept.
Composite bacteria agent provided by the present invention is composited by various bacteria, co-incubation can be increased under micro- aerobic condition
Grow.Microbial inoculum manufacturing process is simple, several bacterium collaboration decomposition function stabilizations, long shelf-life.Shown by subsequent embodiment, with the addition of
The microbial inoculum group of the microbial inoculum, compared to the control group for being not added with microbial inoculum, the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed shortens 6 days, cellulose, half fiber in compost
The degradation rate of element and lignin has been respectively increased 5.69%, 6.70% and 4.57%, and total nitrogen loss rate reduces 9.44%, humic
Matter benefit rate improves 13.51%, and seed germination index improves 8%.It is demonstrated experimentally that using the bacteria fermentation mushroom bran compost,
The save energy without largely ventilation, and nitrogen loss can be reduced, promoted compost maturity, improved compost quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the heap temperature of microbial inoculum group and control group in embodiment with the change curve of composting time.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated and is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.Made in following embodiments
Experimental technique unless otherwise specified, is conventional method.Material used, reagent etc. in following embodiments, such as without special
Illustrate, commercially obtain.
First, experiment material
1st, bacterial strain needed for microbial inoculum is prepared
No. 1 bacterial strain：Bacillus GX-5, strain is bacillus subtilis；No. 2 bacterial strains：Brevibacillus GX-7, bacterium
It is hot red bacillus brevis to plant；No. 3 bacterial strains：Brevibacillus GX-13, strain is Roy's formula bacillus brevis；No. 4 bacterial strains：
Brevibacillus GX-16, strain is Brevibacillus laterosporus.
2nd, culture medium needed for microbial inoculum is prepared
A culture mediums：Solvent is water, and solute and concentration are specific as follows：CMC-Na 15.0g/L、NH4PO31.0g/L, yeast
Cream 1.0g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L、K2HPO41.0g/L, pH 7.0-7.2；
B culture mediums：Solvent is water, and solute and concentration are specific as follows：CMC-Na 10.0g/L, tryptone 5.0g/L, ferment
Female cream 1.0g/L, Mandels nutritive salt concentrate 100mL/L, Mandels microelement concentrate 1.0mL/L, pH 7.0-
7.2.Wherein, Mandels nutritive salt concentrate has：(NH4)2SO4 15g/L、(NH2)2CO 5g/L、KH2PO4 20g/L、
CaCl2·2H2O 5g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L, Mandels microelement concentrates have：FeSO4·7H2O 5g/L、
MnSO4·H2O 1.5g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1.5g/L、CoCl2·6H2O 3.0g/L。
3rd, composting material and composting device
Composting material：The secondary using after producing mushroom, black fungus of Xing Gu industry Co., Ltd of Zhejiang Province hundred offer is provided
Discarded cultivation matrix is obtained through past plastic contaminant after being broken into natural particle；
Composting device：Choose No. 4 simple composting devices of American bucket (80L) external upset (EU) 5mm pearl cottons.
2nd, experimental technique
1st, bacterial strain activation
Aseptically, 1-4 bacterial strains are individually cultivated with A culture mediums, and it is 1.0 to determine the concentration of each bacterial strain
×1010During individual/mL, every plant of bacterium takes 1mL mixing, is inoculated into 100 times of B culture mediums of volume, 55 DEG C of static gas wave refrigerators 1
My god, obtain seed liquor.
2nd, compound bacteria-fermented
By step 1 gained seed liquor according to 1:10 volume ratio is transferred in the fresh B culture mediums, 55 DEG C, 170r/
Min shake flask cultures, continue to cultivate 3 days, obtain microbial inoculum needed for this experiment.
3rd, microbial inoculum is added
Microbial inoculum is added in watering can, then mushroom bran composting material is spread out, then with watering can microbial inoculum according to mushroom bran heap
Fertile raw material 2:100 quality proportioning is uniformly sprayed at the mushroom bran composting material surface spread out.After sprayed, it is stirred for uniformly,
And it is 58.9% to adjust mixing water content of matter.
In the present embodiment, composting material take from Xing Gu industry Co., Ltd of Zhejiang Province hundred offer it is secondary using produce mushroom,
Discarded cultivation matrix after black fungus is obtained through past plastic contaminant after being broken into natural particle.
4th, heap body composting
The composting material that microbial inoculum will have been added is filled into simple composting device, and heap is made 0.7m high, cumulative volume about 70L's
Heap body.During composting, daily periodic monitor heap temperature.Point for measuring temperature is located at heap body middle part.The same day is designated as the 0th day, originally from
So ventilation, when heap temperature is warming up to 40 DEG C, every turning in 1 day once.When heap temperature is higher than 50 DEG C and the above, enter daily
Turning of row, 50 DEG C and less are down to heap temperature.Hereafter, every turning in 2 days once, until heap temperature drops to 40
Below DEG C and when no longer rising, stop turning.Composting becomes thoroughly decomposed the stage after entering, carbon and nitrogen unit in daily periodic monitor heap body
The mass ratio of element, when the mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen is less than 20, after become thoroughly decomposed stage completion, whole composting process terminates.
This experiment is provided with the control for not adding microbial inoculum simultaneously.
3rd, experimental result and analysis
1st, during composting heap temperature measure
A temperature monitoring probe is placed in the middle part of heap body, portion's temperature change in heap body, takes during monitoring compost composting
Every afternoon 14:Detection data when 00.
Result is as shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that using embodiment prepare microbial inoculum composting compost with do not add compareing for microbial inoculum
Group is compared, and heap body temperature raising period (more than 40 DEG C) shifts to an earlier date 3 days, and high temperature fermentation period (more than 50 DEG C) shifts to an earlier date 5 days, and without secondary liter
Temperature.Meanwhile, microbial inoculum group high temperature fermentation period can maintain 12 days, 6 days more than control group high temperature fermentation period.
2nd, become thoroughly decomposed after the measure of phase
After become thoroughly decomposed the phase：(being designated as time point 1.) when heap temperature drops to less than 40 DEG C and no longer rises, to heap body
2. the mass ratio of middle carbon and nitrogen (is designated as time point) when being less than 20 stops, and this becomes thoroughly decomposed the phase after being for a period of time.
The assay method of the mass ratio (abbreviation carbon-nitrogen ratio) of carbon and nitrogen in heap body：According to agricultural industry criteria
《The measure of organic matter in organic fertilizer》And agricultural industry criteria (NY-525-2002)《The measure of the full nitrogen of organic fertilizer》(NY/T-
297-1995) determine and obtain total carbon and total nitrogen element content in heap body, and then obtain carbon-nitrogen ratio.
As shown in table 1, the microbial inoculum for using embodiment to prepare phase that become thoroughly decomposed after composting is 5 days to result, and does not add bacterium
12 days of the control group of agent are compared, and shorten 7 days.
Become thoroughly decomposed the phase after the microbial inoculum group of table 1 and control group
3rd, always become thoroughly decomposed the measure of phase
Always become thoroughly decomposed the phase：From composting, being become thoroughly decomposed after, (mass ratio of carbon and nitrogen is less than in heap body for stage completion
20) stop when, this is for a period of time always to become thoroughly decomposed the phase, i.e., the time used by whole composting process.
Do not become thoroughly decomposed with reference to after the measure of phase, the phase of always becoming thoroughly decomposed that the microbial inoculum for using embodiment to prepare carries out composting is 36 days, and not
Add the control group of microbial inoculum 42 days are compared, and shorten 6 days.
4th, the measure that ligocellulose degradation leads before and after composting
Before and after composting, microbial inoculum group content of cellulose is reduced to 11.27g/100g by 14.56g/100g, and degradation rate is
22.59%；Hemicellulose level is reduced to 17.23g/100g by 20.64g/100g, and degradation rate is 16.52%；Content of lignin
21.85g/100g is reduced to by 29.35g/100g, degradation rate is 25.55%.Control group content of cellulose is by 14.26g/100g
11.85g/100g is reduced to, degradation rate is 16.90%；Hemicellulose level is reduced to 18.45g/100g by 20.46g/100g,
Degradation rate is 9.82%；Content of lignin is reduced to 23.01g/100g by 29.12g/100g, and degradation rate is 20.98%.
As shown in table 2, the microbial inoculum prepared using embodiment carries out composting compared with the control group for not adding microbial inoculum to result, fine
Dimension element, hemicellulose and Lignin degradation rate have been respectively increased 5.69%, 6.70% and 4.57%.
Ligocellulose degradation leads (unit before and after the composting of table 2：%)
5th, before and after composting total nitrogen and humus content measure
Before and after composting, microbial inoculum group total nitrogen content is reduced to 0.27g/kg by 0.41g/kg, and loss late is 34.14%；Humic
It is 17.02g/kg that matter content is increased by 10.57g/kg, and benefit rate is 61.02%.Control group total nitrogen content is reduced by 0.39g/kg
It is 0.22g/kg, loss late is 43.58%；It is 15.46g/kg that humus content is increased by 10.48g/kg, and benefit rate is
47.51%.
As shown in table 3, the microbial inoculum prepared using embodiment carries out composting compared with the control group for not adding microbial inoculum, always to result
Nitrogen loss rate reduces 9.44%, and humus benefit rate improves 13.51%.
Total nitrogen and humus content (unit before and after the composting of table 3：%)
6th, composting terminates the measure of rear seed germination index
In embodiment, the measure of seed germination index selects Chinese holly pakchoi seed, and assay method is with reference to Luo Yuan etc.
(2016) carry out.After composting terminates, microbial inoculum group and control group germination situation are as shown in table 4, it is seen then that in having added embodiment
The microbial inoculum group of the microbial inoculum, it is 96% that composting terminates rear seed germination index, compared with the control group for not adding microbial inoculum, is improve
8%.
The composting of table 4 terminates rear seed germination index (unit：%)
4th, experiment conclusion
In summary each experimental result of embodiment and analysis, composting is carried out using microbial inoculum described in embodiment, can promote heap
Body heats up, and makes it in advance into high temperature fermentation period and can maintain the long period, hence it is evident that shortens the time of becoming thoroughly decomposed, improves compost matter
Amount, its composting effect is much better than not adding the control group of microbial inoculum.Mushroom bran compost bacterium provided by the present invention has good answering
Use prospect.
Bibliography
Paredes C,Medina E,Moral R,et al.Characterization of the different
organic matter fractions of spent mushroom substrate[J].Communications in
Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2009,40(1-6):150-161.
Luo Yuan, Yuan Jing, Li Guoxue, wait applicability of the seed germination experiments in terms of low ratio of carbon to ammonium compost maturity evaluation
[J] agro-environment science journals, 2016,35 (1)：179-185.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of mushroom bran compost bacterium, it is characterised in that：Its active component is bacillus subtilis, hot red bacillus brevis, sieve
Her formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus.
2. mushroom bran compost bacterium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bacillus subtilis, the red short gemma of heat
The proportioning of bacillus, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus is (1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2).
3. the microbial inoculum of compost according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterised in that：In microbial inoculum, as the withered grass bud of active component
The total amount of spore bacillus, hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus is 1.0 × 1010~5.0 ×
1010Individual/mL microbial inoculums.
4. a kind of preparation method of mushroom bran compost bacterium, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) respectively 4 kinds of strains described in claim 1 are carried out with culture activation, acquisition is compounded with 4 kinds of seed liquors of strain；
(2) compound bacteria in seed liquor is fermented, obtains mushroom bran compost bacterium；
In microbial inoculum, bacillus subtilis, hot red bacillus brevis, Roy's formula bacillus brevis and Brevibacillus laterosporus are matched somebody with somebody
Than being (1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2)：(1~2), 4 kinds of total amounts of strain are 1.0 × 1010~5.0 × 1010Individual/mL microbial inoculums.
5. the preparation method of mushroom bran compost bacterium according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：In step (1), first with
A culture mediums are individually cultivated 4 kinds of strains, are then mixed in it is seeded into B culture mediums respectively；Step
(2) in, seed liquor part is fermented in being transferred to fresh B culture mediums；The solvent of the A culture mediums is water, solute and dense
Degree is specific as follows：CMC-Na 15.0g/L、NH4PO31.0g/L, yeast extract 1.0g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L、K2HPO4
1.0g/L, pH 7.0-7.2；
The solvent of the B culture mediums is water, and solute and concentration are specific as follows：CMC-Na 10.0g/L, tryptone 5.0g/L, ferment
Female cream 1.0g/L, Mandels nutritive salt concentrate 100mL/L, Mandels microelement concentrate 1.0mL/L, pH 7.0-
7.2。
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：In B culture mediums, described Mandels nutritive salt is dense
The concrete composition of contracting liquid includes：(NH4)2SO4 15g/L、(NH2)2CO 5g/L、KH2PO420g/L、CaCl2·2H2O 5g/L、
MgSO4·7H2O 0.2g/L；The concrete composition of described Mandels microelement concentrates includes：FeSO4·7H2O 5g/L、
MnSO4·H2O 1.5g/L、ZnSO4·7H2O 1.5g/L、CoCl2·6H2O 3.0g/L。
7. the preparation method according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that：In step (1) and (2), condition of culture is controlled
For：50~60 DEG C of temperature, pH 7.0-7.2, ventilative Shaking culture, control shaking speed for 150-180r/min, incubation time
4d。
8. in a kind of utilization claim 1-3 any described microbial inoculum composting mushroom bran compost method, comprise the following steps：
(1) the mushroom bran compost bacterium is added in watering can, then mushroom bran composting material is spread out, then it is with watering can that microbial inoculum is equal
Even to be sprayed at the mushroom bran composting material surface spread out, microbial inoculum and mushroom bran composting material are according to quality proportioning (2~5):100 ratio
Mixing；After sprayed, it is stirred for uniformly, and it is 55%~60% to adjust mixing water content of matter；
(2) with step (1) gained mixture composting compost, heap temperature is measured on time daily with same measuring method, and press
Heap body turning is carried out according to following principle：There is rising in the heap temperature but do not risen up to 40 DEG C also, keep gravity-flow ventilation；Treat
The heap temperature rises to more than 40 DEG C but during also not up to 50 DEG C, then turning every other day is once from this day；Treat the heap temperature
When rising to 50 DEG C and the above, then daily turning is once from this day；Treat that the heap temperature is down to 50 DEG C and following again, then
Every turning in 3 days is once from this day；From when the heap temperature is down to less than 40 DEG C and is no longer raised, stop turning；Work as institute
When the mass ratio for stating carbon and nitrogen in heap body is less than 20, composting terminates.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：If waste height is higher than 1.5m, in the compost initial stage
To air is passed through in heap body, throughput is the 10%~20% of heap body volume per hour；If waste height is in below 1.5m not
Air need to be passed through to heap body, keep gravity-flow ventilation.
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