CN106916059A - 一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法 - Google Patents
一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法。该方法以苯酚和丁烯酮为原料,以一种多磺酸基功能离子液体为催化剂有选择性的催化合成覆盆子酮。该离子催化剂比现有的离子催化剂酸值高、合成成本低、催化效率好、室温下即可反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,属于有机化学合成领域。
背景技术
覆盆子酮(对羟基苯丁酮),CAS号:5471-51-2,又称作悬钩子酮,是国内外广泛使用的具有幽雅果香的香料;可作为食品添加剂用于饮料、糖果、饼干;作为修饰剂,应用于茉莉、晚香玉等日用香料中;作为定香剂广泛用于草莓、悬钩子、菠萝、桃子等食用香精。
目前,覆盆子酮的合成工艺有三种,第一种是以对羟基苯甲醛和丙酮为原料,通过缩合和加氢反应合成覆盆子酮(CN1097729)。该方法反应条件苛刻、成本高昂、催化剂难以回收利用,容易污染环境。第二种是以天然等同物大茴香醛合成覆盆子酮,该方法一般需要用到毒性较大的烷基胺,消耗大量的氯化铝和盐酸,污染严重。第三种方法是以苯酚与丁烯酮为原料,用强酸性催化剂如硫酸、磷酸催化的反应来制备覆盆子酮(DE2145308)。该方法的反应副反应较多、后处理复杂、对设备腐蚀严重、酸难以回收,后来有人用酸性离子液体作为催化剂催化苯酚与丁烯酮反应合成覆盆子酮(CN102584554)该方法操作简单、污染小、三废少且催化剂可循环。然而该制备方法的收率不高,大部分收率只有30~40%,最高收率也只有50%左右,限制了该方法的工业应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,该方法反应温度低,得到的产物收率高。
一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,包括:在多磺酸基功能离子液体的作用下,苯酚和丁烯酮进行加成反应,反应完全之后经过后处理得到所述的覆盆子酮;
所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体通过以下方法制备得到:
(1)多氮叔胺类化合物与磺内酯进行开环反应,得到内鎓盐;
(2)采用酸对步骤(1)得到的内鎓盐进行酸化,得到所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体。
本发明中,通过采用新的多磺酸基功能离子液体作为加成反应的催化剂,有效地提高了反应的收率,降低了反应温度,具有重要的工业应用价值。
加成反应的反应式如下:
作为优选,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为含有两个或两个以上叔胺N原子的化合物。作为进一步的优选,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为六甲基四胺、六亚甲基二胺或联吡啶化合物。
作为优选,所述的磺内酯为1,3-丙烷磺内酯或1,4-丁烷磺内酯。
作为优选,所述的酸为硫酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸和甲酸中的至少一种。
作为最优选,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为六甲基四胺,所述的磺内酯为1,3-丙烷磺内酯,所述的酸为硫酸。此时,得到的离子液体的催化活性最高,反应产物的收率和纯度都明显提高。
此时,催化剂的制备方法如下:六次甲基四胺与1,3-丙烷磺内酯在室温下混合,加入一定量的乙酸乙酯作为溶剂,搅拌6-8小时,得到白色粉状固体,抽滤并用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次,60℃真空烘干,得到内鎓盐;称取化学计量的内鎓盐和酸,酸的用量和内鎓盐中磺酸根等物质的量,在80℃下搅拌4小时,得到相应的离子液体。反应式如下:
作为优选,所述的苯酚与丁烯酮的摩尔比为3:1~1:8;
所述的苯酚与多磺酸基功能离子液体的摩尔比为6:1~1:8。
作为优选,所述的加成反应的温度在30℃~40℃之间,所述的加成反应的时间为6~10小时。
作为优选,所述的后处理包括:向反应液中加水,静置分层,过滤分离得到覆盆子酮,滤液除水得到的催化剂和剩余的原料进行循环套用。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)本发明通过采用新的多磺酸基功能离子液体,提高了催化剂的酸性,进而提高了催化剂的催化效率,降低了反应温度,提高了反应收率;
(2)本发明的多磺酸基功能离子液体可以循环套用,提高工业应用价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)催化剂的制备:六次甲基四胺145g与1,3-丙烷磺内酯368g在室温下混合搅拌6小时,加入500ml的乙酸乙酯作为溶剂;得到白色粉状固体,抽滤并用乙酸乙酯洗涤3次,60℃真空烘干,得到内鎓盐480g,相对于1,3-丙烷磺内酯的收率为95%;
(2)覆盆子酮的制备:称取480g内鎓盐和400g浓硫酸,在80℃下搅拌4小时,得到相应的离子液体。向反应容器中投入0.6摩尔的苯酚,0.8摩尔的丁烯酮和0.2摩尔的离子液体,30℃搅拌反应8小时。加入2摩尔的水,过滤分离得到覆盆子酮,反应产率为79%;未反应的原料和催化剂除水后可下次使用。反应式如下:
实施例2~4
实施例2~4的步骤(2)的加成反应温度见表1,其他反应条件与实施例1相同,反应结果见表1。
表1实施例2~4的反应条件和反应结果
实施例 | 反应温度℃ | 产率% |
2 | 40 | 91 |
3 | 50 | 93 |
4 | 60 | 74 |
实施例5~7
实施例5~7的操作与实施例2基本相同,不同之处在于用于步骤(2)不采用离子液体作为催化剂,直接采用酸催化反应,所用的酸和反应结果见表2。
实施例 | 酸 | 产率% |
5 | 硫酸 | 72 |
6 | 磷酸 | 51 |
7 | 对甲苯磺酸 | 38 |
实施例8~12
向反应容器中投入0.6摩尔的苯酚,0.8摩尔的丁烯酮和0.2摩尔的离子液体,40℃搅拌反应8小时。加入2摩尔的水,过滤分离得到覆盆子酮,反应产率为91%;分出来的离子液体继续下次套用,以同样的方法进行套用反应,重复套用4次,得到的产品收率如下:
实施例 | 套用次数 | 产率% |
8 | 0 | 91 |
9 | 1 | 94 |
10 | 2 | 92 |
11 | 3 | 90 |
12 | 4 | 91 |
Claims (9)
1.一种多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,包括:在多磺酸基功能离子液体的作用下,苯酚和丁烯酮进行加成反应,反应完全之后经过后处理得到所述的覆盆子酮;
所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体通过以下方法制备得到:
(1)多氮叔胺类化合物与磺内酯进行开环反应,得到内鎓盐;
(2)采用酸对步骤(1)得到的内鎓盐进行酸化,得到所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为含有两个或两个以上叔胺N原子的化合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为六甲基四胺、六亚甲基二胺或联吡啶化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的磺内酯为1,3-丙烷磺内酯或1,4-丁烷磺内酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的酸为硫酸、磷酸、对甲苯磺酸和甲酸中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的多氮叔胺类化合物为六甲基四胺,所述的磺内酯为1,3-丙烷磺内酯,所述的酸为硫酸。
7.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的苯酚与丁烯酮的摩尔比为3:1~1:8;
所述的苯酚与多磺酸基功能离子液体的摩尔比为6:1~1:8。
8.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的加成反应的温度在30℃~40℃之间,所述的加成反应的时间为6~10小时。
9.根据权利要求1所述的多磺酸基功能离子液体催化制备覆盆子酮的方法,其特征在于,所述的后处理包括:向反应液中加水,静置分层,过滤分离得到覆盆子酮,滤液除水得到的催化剂和剩余的原料进行循环套用。
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