CN106888799A - A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium Download PDFInfo
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- CN106888799A CN106888799A CN201710046817.6A CN201710046817A CN106888799A CN 106888799 A CN106888799 A CN 106888799A CN 201710046817 A CN201710046817 A CN 201710046817A CN 106888799 A CN106888799 A CN 106888799A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/42—Aloeaceae [Aloe family] or Liliaceae [Lily family], e.g. aloe, veratrum, onion, garlic or chives
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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Abstract
The present invention relates to black fungus planting technology field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium, the present invention prepares culture medium by (1)；(2) it is inoculated with；(3) indoor hair bacterium；(4) site preparation；(5) several aspects such as outdoor fruiting cultivation carry out the cultivation of black fungus rich in selenium; by reasonable disposition culture medium; reaching culture medium makes agaric fast-growth; rich in Organic Selenium, while the protein content in also improving agaric, liquid medicine carrys out sterilized, sterilization in invention also use; drive away worm ant; further protection black fungus growth, is a kind of environmentally friendly, economic, efficient black fungus rich in selenium cultural method while also not resulting in residues of pesticides and threatening health.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to black fungus planting technology field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium.
【Background technology】
In China to the cultivation technique comparative maturity of edible mushroom, edible mushroom particularly black fungus has nutritive value higher,
Especially liked by common people, with the improvement of people's living standards, the research in recent years to selenium-enriched food is more and more popular,
And it is of high nutritive value that to enjoy everybody to chase after high due to selenium-enriched food, economic benefit also rises significantly, current black fungus rich in selenium
Culture mainly has two methods to reach Se accumulation：One kind is to spray selenium solution to black fungus fructification, makes to make in this way
Black fungus contains selenium element, but selenium is present in the form of inorganic matter, and rather than what is existed in the form of organic matter, this is
Because the growth cycle of black fungus is fast, inorganic selenium also has not enough time to change into Organic Selenium just to be plucked, and this will influence eater's
It is healthy, nor can be absorbed by the body, do not reach the original intention of selenium-enriched food；And, another way is in the medium
Inorganic selenium is added, the inorganic selenium in culture medium is changed into by Organic Selenium by the metabolism of black fungus, but, black fungus
Growth is fast, it will causes the utilization rate of selenium during selenium-enriching cultivation not high, and then does not reach preferable concentration effect, and,
In the cultivation of black fungus rich in selenium, use agricultural chemicals and insecticide to carry out pest and disease damage protection to black fungus, agaric can be caused
Residues of pesticides, influence health, do not reach the requirement of pollution-free food.Therefore, needed in the incubation of black fungus rich in selenium
Solve following problem：(1) accelerate inorganic selenium to be enriched with black fungus, produce the black wood containing abundant organic selenium composition
Ear, but also do not result in Se content and excessively cause selenosis；(2) it is safe and effective that pest management is carried out to black fungus, no
Using agricultural chemicals, the black fungus rich in selenium of green health is produced.
【The content of the invention】
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium, inorganic selenium can be accelerated in black fungus
Interior enrichment, produces the black fungus containing abundant organic selenium composition, but also does not result in Se content and excessively cause selenosis；Together
When, moreover it is possible to it is safe and effective that pest management is carried out to black fungus, agricultural chemicals is not used, produce the black fungus rich in selenium of green health；
Cultural method of the invention carries out rational modification to blackfungus culture medium formula, can effectively improve containing for albumen in black fungus plant
Amount.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium, methods described comprises the following steps：
(1) culture medium is prepared：It is stirred being put into be added water in blender by the culture medium after micro- fermentation, it is ensured that training
The moisture content for supporting base is 50%-60%, culture medium is directly placed into sterilizing chamber after stirring and is sterilized, and sterilization method is used
Atmospheric steam sterilizes, and sterilising temp is 120 DEG C -140 DEG C, and sterilization time is 4h-5h；
(2) it is inoculated with：The culture medium after terminating that will sterilize is put into and natural cooling is carried out in desinfection chamber, when culture medium temperature cooling
Inoculation is proceeded by during to 25 DEG C -30 DEG C, the cylindricality polypropylene pocket of only one end open, the diameter of pocket are got out before inoculation
It is 18cm-21cm, pocket total length is 40cm-47cm；Shape is compacted to the culture medium that a layer thickness is 3cm-5cm is put into pocket
Into culture medium layer, then place into the strain that a layer thickness is 1cm and be compacted to form strain layer, then repeat and put culture medium and put
Strain step, forms " culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer " arrangement separately；The strain
Layer is 3-5 layers, and the culture medium layer is more one layer than strain layer, and the two ends of pocket are necessary for culture medium layer, to connect and tighten material after planting
Bag opening forms inoculation pocket；
(3) indoor hair bacterium：To be inoculated with the culturing rack that pocket is neatly deposited in hair bacterium room, per layer frame, son stacks pocket
The number of plies is 4-6 layers, and carrying out hair tube by adjusting the temperature and humidity in hair bacterium room after the completion of stacking manages；The hair tube reason
Process is：It is 21 DEG C -23 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept before 10d after inoculation, and sprays nutrient solution guarantee hair bacterium room
The relative humidity of interior air is 55%-65%；It is 25 DEG C -26 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept after 11d after inoculation, and
Aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 55%-65% in sprinkling, also to hair in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Bacterium room is aerated management, daily ventilation 1-2 times, each 1h-2h；Also need to continue in hair bacterium room after covering with bacterium bag to mycelia
Culture 7d-9d carries out inspiring the indoor hair bacterium process of bacterium management talent completion, obtains mycelia pocket；It is described to inspire the tube reason phase
Between to control hair bacterium indoor temperature be 25 DEG C -26 DEG C, and aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is in spraying
60%, management also is aerated to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity, daily ventilation 3-4 times, each 1h-2h；
(4) site preparation：Selection physical features is open, have abundant water resources, plot that light is good as black fungus outdoor planting culture
Ground；Culture is covered with one layer of mulch film after culture to be carried out smooth, weeding, is uniformly offered on the mulch film discouraged
Hole, bleeder port is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring bleeder port is 15cm-20cm, the diameter of bleeder port
It is 3cm-4cm；
(5) outdoor fruiting cultivation：Mycelia pocket is open with knife after mycelia pocket is taken out, Opening length is
2cm-3cm, opening number is 10-12, mycelia pocket is moved into outdoor after the completion of opening, and stack 4 layers-5 layers, Ran Houyong
Middle liquid medicine sprays to mycelia pocket, keeps the relative humidity of mycelia pocket to be put well for 50%-60% covers heap with straw mat again
Mycelia pocket, make the mycelia in pocket proceed dim light growth transplanted again after mycelia is again filled with pocket, move
The tying cotton thread that straw mat is removed during plant and mycelia pocket is removed opens the sack of mycelia pocket, and the openend of mycelia pocket is close to
Mulch film is placed, and keeps mycelia pocket to be in erectility, and mycelia pocket is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, between two neighboring mycelia pocket
Distance be 20cm；After placing mycelia pocket, covered with straw mat, it is ensured that mycelia pocket is gone out under low light condition
Mushroom；Conventional management of producing mushroom is carried out after covering mycelia pocket, the management of producing mushroom process is：Daytime is not watered, to 18:
Start to spray water mycelia pocket with spraying sprinkler after 00, and keep the relative humidity of air for 90% up to black fungus
It is ripe.
The culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：50 parts -66 parts of wood chip, 2 parts -7 parts of gypsum, 13 parts -
17 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts -16 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of -7 parts of density are 1.53 × 103kg/m3Calcium lime powder, 3 parts -5 parts of selenium
Ore, 5 parts of -10 parts of mass concentrations are sodium selenite solution, 14 parts -24 parts of bean powder, 9 parts -17 parts of the passion fruit of 5%-8%
Skin and 8 parts -18 parts of pitaya peel；
The nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：27 parts -43 parts of algae powder, 3 parts -7 parts of trehalose, 10
The Chinese tallow tree powder of seeds of -15 parts of part, 5 parts of -8 parts of mass concentrations are the sodium chloride solution and 2 parts -4 parts of vitamin C of 1%-3%
Grain；
The middle liquid medicine is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：33 parts -41 parts of tomato extract, 3 parts -16 parts of black false hellebore
Extract, 3 parts -12 parts of Lotus Leafextract, 4 parts -13 parts of eucalyptus oil, 3 parts -15 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 25 parts -43 parts
Wrinkled giant hyssop powder.
Further, the wood chip takes from elm bits, willow bits, cedar sawdust, mulberry wood chips, red bayberry wood chip and tea oil tree wood chip
In one or more mixing.
Further, the Se content of the selenium ore is on the basis of selenium ore total amount, by weight percentage, selenium
Content is 5%-7%.
Further, the processing method of the culture medium is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by selenium ore, hundred perfume
Pericarp and pitaya peel are respectively crushed into the powder that granularity is the mesh of 200 mesh -300, then with wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, corn flour and
Appropriate water is added after bean powder mixing, makes the moisture content of compound for 40%-50%, then in the bar that temperature is 25 DEG C -30 DEG C
The 20d-25d that fermented under part obtains fermentation material, and fermentation material and sodium selenite solution then are mixed and added into appropriate water is stirred
Mix the culture medium for obtaining that moisture content is 50%-60%.
Further, the processing method of the nutrient solution is：Weigh each raw material by the weight portion, by algae powder, trehalose,
After Chinese tallow tree powder of seeds, sodium chloride solution, vitamin C granules are well mixed in the water of addition 300-350 times of mass fraction of mixture,
Obtain nutrient solution.
Further, the processing method of the middle liquid medicine is：Fresh blue or green tomato is smashed to pieces, be subsequently adding with blue or green tomato etc.
The percentage by volume of quality carries out refluxing extraction for 30% (v/v) -40% (v/v) methanol solution, by mixed liquor after extraction 1h-2h
Filtered, removing filter residue recovery filtrate carries out vacuum distillation removing methyl alcohol, then by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to body
Product is 1/2 times of stoste and obtains the tomato extract；After fresh black false hellebore leaf is smashed to pieces, the water of equal quality is added to be endured
Boil, the infusion time is 4h-6h, infusion is cooled down after terminating, is filtrated to get black false hellebore extract；Add after fresh lotus leaf is smashed to pieces
Enter the percentage by volume with the quality such as lotus leaf for 50% (v/v) -60% (v/v) ethanol solution carries out refluxing extraction, extract 1h-2h
Mixed liquor is filtered afterwards, removing filter residue recovery filtrate carries out vacuum distillation removing methyl alcohol, then by the liquid after vacuum distillation
Body is concentrated to 1/3 times that volume is stoste and obtains the Lotus Leafextract；The eucalyptus leaves that will be dried pulverizes, with 110 DEG C -120 DEG C
Water vapour the eucalyptus leaves for pulverizing is fumigated, condense it is prepared；Chinese coriaria leaf is dried into water content for 50%-60%, then
The percentage by volume of the quality such as addition and Chinese coriaria leaf carries out refluxing extraction for 70% (v/v) -80% (v/v) ethanol solution, extracts
Mixed liquor is filtered after 1h-2h, is removed filter residue, filtrate is divided into isometric 2 parts, then wherein 1 part use is isometric
Chloroform is extracted, and another is extracted with isometric ethyl acetate, and extraction time is all 2h, and chlorine is collected after the completion of extraction
It is imitative mutually to carry out vacuum distillation respectively and remove chloroform and ethyl acetate with ethyl acetate phase, remaining extract is mixed to prepare
Coriaria sinica extract；The Radix agastaches that will be dried are put into pulverizer and are crushed, and then by the screen cloth of the mesh of 30 mesh -50 screen
To wrinkled giant hyssop powder；The weight portion is pressed after the completion of pretreatment of raw material by tomato extract, black false hellebore extract, Lotus Leafextract, eucalyptus
Oil, Coriaria sinica extract and wrinkled giant hyssop powder are mixed, and the water for adding 300 times -400 times of mixture weight obtains middle liquid medicine.
Further, the desinfection chamber of the seeded process is sterilized using uviol lamp, the intensity of illumination of the uviol lamp
For 1400Lx-1800Lx, light application time are 2h-3h.
Further, the hair bacterium room top is provided with 12-14 ventilating opening, and the ventilating opening is square, and length and width are
40cm-50cm。
Further, the culturing rack has 5-7 layers, between adjacent two layers at intervals of 40cm-60cm..
The present invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention is cultivated black fungus using micro- fermentation material, can promote absorption of the black fungus to nutriment, this
The culture medium of invention, in order to increase the content that the nutritive value of agaric improves protein in agaric, is also added in addition to adding wood chip
Wheat bran, corn flour and bean powder, because culture medium of the invention is made by micro- fermentation, acidity is higher, in order to adjust soda acid
Degree, the present invention also with the addition of gypsum in the medium；Culture medium can contain a large amount of bacteriums by micro- fermentation, for effective sterilizing,
The present invention also with the addition of calcium lime powder in the medium, and in order to improve the fragrance and color and luster of agaric, the present invention is also in the medium
Pitaya peel and passion fruit skin are with the addition of, both pericarps also have abundant pectin and anthocyanidin, and agaric color and luster can be made more gorgeous
There is fragrant simultaneously；In order to improve the Se content of black fungus, the present invention is black to make by adding the inorganic selenium solution of sodium selenite
Agaric enrichment selenium element reaches selenium-rich, but because black fungus growth is rapid, only addition sodium selenite solution will not make inorganic selenium
Fast enriching, inventor has found that addition selenium ore can accelerate enrichment of the black fungus to selenium element in the medium by research,
In addition to itself also has selenium, its structure contains a large amount of micropores to selenium ore, has adsorption sustained-release to act on, and can accelerate black fungus in base-material
The enrichment of selenium, Organic Selenium is converted into by inorganic selenium；Meanwhile, in order to improve the protein content in black fungus, make nutrition more rich；
(2) immunity in order to improve black fungus of the invention, drives away the infringements of the insect to black fungus such as ant, while will not
The residual of the harmful substances such as agricultural chemicals is caused, is studied by inventor and found, can be made up of the rational proportion of Chinese herbal medicine has
Antibacterial, anthelminthic effect middle liquid medicine, it is plant source to be additionally, since the liquid medicine, does not result in residual, can guarantee that eater's is strong
Health, liquid medicine is mainly made up of the raw material of following weight portion in this：33 parts -41 parts of tomato extract, 3 parts -16 parts of black false hellebore carry
Take thing, 3 parts -12 parts of Lotus Leafextract, 4 parts -13 parts of eucalyptus oil, 3 parts -15 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 25 parts -43 parts
Wrinkled giant hyssop powder；Wherein, tomato extract is extracted by methyl alcohol from the fruit of blue or green tomato, and tomatidine, tomato are contained in extract
The materials such as glycosides can suppress the growth of bacterium, while insect can also be made to play Antifeedant Effects；Black false hellebore extract is from the fresh of black false hellebore
What blade was extracted, containing materials such as jervines, can effectively play a part of to kill insect；Lotus Leafextract is from fresh lotus
Extracted in leaf, wherein containing abundant nuciferine, miltanthin and Nuciferine and various alkaloids and vitamin C, polysaccharide；Have
The effect of clearing heat and detoxicating enhance immunity；Eucalyptus oil is extracted from the eucalyptus leaves for drying, with having poisoning, drive away worm ant
Effect；Coriaria sinica extract is the predominantly terpene compound extracted from the Chinese coriaria leaf for drying, and can kill insect pest；Wrinkled giant hyssop powder is
It is made up of the Radix agastaches drying, there is strong smell, worm ant can be driven away；Middle liquid medicine of the invention is all source from the above mentioned
It is easy to decompose in plant source, residues of pesticides are not resulted in, and also formula rationally has spectrum sterilization, the effect of expelling parasite, operation letter
Single, science environmental protection is the sterilized pest repellant of environmental protection.
【Specific embodiment】
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine by any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, each
Feature is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium comprises the following steps：
(1) culture medium is prepared：It is stirred being put into be added water in blender by the culture medium after micro- fermentation, it is ensured that training
The moisture content for supporting base is 50%-60%, culture medium is directly placed into sterilizing chamber after stirring and is sterilized, and sterilization method is used
Atmospheric steam sterilizes, and sterilising temp is 120 DEG C, and sterilization time is 4h；
(2) it is inoculated with：The culture medium after terminating that will sterilize is put into and natural cooling is carried out in desinfection chamber, when culture medium temperature cooling
Proceed by inoculation during to 25 DEG C, get out the cylindricality polypropylene pocket of only one end open before inoculation, pocket it is a diameter of
18cm, pocket total length is 40cm；It is compacted to form culture medium layer to the culture medium that a layer thickness is 3cm is put into pocket, then
Place into the strain that a layer thickness is 1cm to be compacted to form strain layer, then repeat and put culture medium and put strain step, formed
" culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer " arrangement separately；Wherein strain layer is 3 layers, wherein training
Support basic unit more one layer than strain layer, the two ends of pocket are necessary for culture medium layer, connect and formation inoculation material in pocket opening is tightened after planting
Bag；
(3) indoor hair bacterium：To be inoculated with the culturing rack that pocket is neatly deposited in hair bacterium room, per layer frame, son stacks pocket
The number of plies is 4-6 layers, and carrying out hair tube by adjusting the temperature and humidity in hair bacterium room after the completion of stacking manages；Wherein hair tube is managed
Process is：It is 21 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept before 10d after inoculation, and sprays nutrient solution guarantee hair bacterium room air
Relative humidity be 55%-65%；It is liquid medicine in 25 DEG C, and sprinkling that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept after 11d after inoculation
Solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 55%, and also pipe is aerated to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Reason, daily ventilation 1 time, each 1h；Also needing to continue the culture 7d in hair bacterium room after covering with bacterium bag to mycelia carries out inspiring bacterium
Management talent completes indoor hair bacterium process, obtains mycelia pocket；Wherein inspiring during tube is managed controls the hair bacterium indoor temperature to be
Aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 60% in 25 DEG C, and sprinkling, also right in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Hair bacterium room is aerated management, daily ventilation 3 times, each 1h；
(4) site preparation：Selection physical features is open, have abundant water resources, plot that light is good as black fungus outdoor planting culture
Ground；Culture is covered with one layer of mulch film after culture to be carried out smooth, weeding, is uniformly offered on above-mentioned mulch film discouraged
Hole, bleeder port is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring bleeder port is 15cm, and the diameter of bleeder port is 3cm；
(5) outdoor fruiting cultivation：Mycelia pocket is open with knife after mycelia pocket is taken out, Opening length is
2cm, opening number is 10, and mycelia pocket is moved into outdoor, and 4 layers of stacking after the completion of opening, and liquid medicine is to mycelia in then using
Pocket is sprayed, and the relative humidity for keeping mycelia pocket is the 50% mycelia pocket put well with straw mat covering heap again, makes pocket
Interior mycelia proceeds dim light growth and is transplanted again after mycelia is again filled with pocket, straw mat is removed during transplanting and is removed
The tying cotton thread of mycelia pocket opens the sack of mycelia pocket, the openend of mycelia pocket is close into mulch film and is placed, and keeps mycelia
Pocket is in erectility, and mycelia pocket is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring mycelia pocket is 20cm；Put
After having put mycelia pocket, covered with straw mat, it is ensured that mycelia pocket carries out fruiting under low light condition；Cover mycelia pocket
Conventional management of producing mushroom is carried out afterwards, and above-mentioned management of producing mushroom process is：Daytime is not watered, to 18:Start after 00 with spraying
Sprinkler is sprayed water to mycelia pocket, and keeps the relative humidity of air for 90% until black fungus is ripe.
Above-mentioned culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：50 parts of 2 parts of wood chip (wherein, wood chip takes from elm bits)
Gypsum, 13 parts of wheat bran, 10 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of density are 1.53 × 103kg/m3Calcium lime powder, 3 parts of selenium ore (its
In, on the basis of selenium ore total amount, by weight percentage, the content of selenium is 5%) 5 parts of mass concentrations to the Se content of selenium ore
It is 5% sodium selenite solution, 14 parts of bean powder, 9 parts of passion fruit skin and 8 parts of pitaya peel；
Wherein, the processing method of culture medium is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by selenium ore, passion fruit skin and fire
Imperial pericarp is respectively crushed into the powder that granularity is 200 mesh, is added after then mixing with wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, corn flour and bean powder
Appropriate water, makes the moisture content of compound be 40%, and the 20d that fermented under conditions of being then 25 DEG C in temperature obtains fermentation material, so
Fermentation material and sodium selenite solution are mixed and added into appropriate water afterwards and are stirred the culture medium that obtains that moisture content is 50%.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：27 parts of algae powder, 3 parts of trehalose, 10 parts of Chinese tallow seed
Powder, 5 parts of mass concentrations are 1% sodium chloride solution and 2 parts of vitamin C granules；
Wherein, the processing method of nutrient solution is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by algae powder, trehalose, Chinese tallow seed powder
Added after end, sodium chloride solution, vitamin C granules are well mixed in 300 times of water of mass fraction of mixture, obtain nutrient solution.
Above-mentioned middle liquid medicine is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：33 parts of tomato extract, 3 parts of black false hellebore extract, 3 parts
Lotus Leafextract, 4 parts of eucalyptus oil, 3 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 25 parts of wrinkled giant hyssop powder.
Wherein, the processing method of middle liquid medicine is：Fresh blue or green tomato is smashed to pieces, the body with the quality such as blue or green tomato is subsequently adding
Product percentage carries out refluxing extraction for 30% (v/v) methanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h, removes filter residue and reclaims
Filtrate carries out vacuum distillation and removes methyl alcohol, and then 1/2 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste obtains institute
State tomato extract；After fresh black false hellebore leaf is smashed to pieces, adding the water of equal quality carries out infusion, and the infusion time is 4h, infusion
Cooled down after end, be filtrated to get black false hellebore extract；The volume hundred of the quality such as addition and lotus leaf after fresh lotus leaf is smashed to pieces
Fraction carries out refluxing extraction for 50% (v/v) ethanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h, removes filter residue and reclaims filtrate
Carry out vacuum distillation and remove methyl alcohol, then 1/3 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste obtains the lotus
Leaf extract；The eucalyptus leaves that will be dried pulverizes, the eucalyptus leaves for pulverizing is fumigated with 110 DEG C of water vapours, condense it is prepared；Will
Chinese coriaria leaf dries water content for 50%, is subsequently adding the percentage by volume with the quality such as Chinese coriaria leaf for 70% (v/v) ethanol is molten
Liquid carries out refluxing extraction, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h, removes filter residue, filtrate is divided into isometric 2 parts, then
Wherein 1 part is extracted with isometric chloroform, and another is extracted with isometric ethyl acetate, and extraction time is all
2h, chloroform phase and ethyl acetate phase are collected after the completion of extraction to be carried out vacuum distillation and removes chloroform and ethyl acetate respectively, by residue
Extract carry out being mixed to prepare Coriaria sinica extract；The Radix agastaches that will be dried are put into pulverizer and are crushed, then by 30 mesh
Screen cloth screen and obtain wrinkled giant hyssop powder；After the completion of pretreatment of raw material by the weight portion by tomato extract, black false hellebore extract,
Lotus Leafextract, eucalyptus oil, Coriaria sinica extract and wrinkled giant hyssop powder are mixed, and the water for adding 300 times of mixture weight is obtained
Liquid medicine.
Further to strengthen the aseptic process of desinfection chamber, the desinfection chamber of the present embodiment seeded process is gone out using uviol lamp
Bacterium, the intensity of illumination of the uviol lamp is 1400Lx, light application time is 2h.
Strengthen the ventilation process of hair bacterium room for further, and do not influence the physiological requirement of the half-light hair bacterium of black fungus again,
The hair bacterium room of the present embodiment is provided with 12 ventilating openings on top, and the ventilating opening is square, and length and width are 40cm.
Further reasonably to put black fungus bacterial silk bag, will not be because of the temperature of the pocket mycelia pocket that causes too high
Burn bacterium, the present embodiment culturing rack is of five storeys, between adjacent two layers at intervals of 40cm.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium comprises the following steps：
(1) culture medium is prepared：It is stirred being put into be added water in blender by the culture medium after micro- fermentation, it is ensured that training
The moisture content for supporting base is 60%, culture medium is directly placed into sterilizing chamber after stirring and is sterilized, and sterilization method uses normal pressure
Steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 140 DEG C, and sterilization time is 5h；
(2) it is inoculated with：The culture medium after terminating that will sterilize is put into and natural cooling is carried out in desinfection chamber, when culture medium temperature cooling
Proceed by inoculation during to 30 DEG C, get out the cylindricality polypropylene pocket of only one end open before inoculation, pocket it is a diameter of
21cm, pocket total length is 47cm；It is compacted to form culture medium layer to the culture medium that a layer thickness is 5cm is put into pocket, then
Place into the strain that a layer thickness is 1cm to be compacted to form strain layer, then repeat and put culture medium and put strain step, formed
" culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer " arrangement separately；Wherein strain layer is 5 layers, wherein training
Support basic unit more one layer than strain layer, the two ends of pocket are necessary for culture medium layer, connect and formation inoculation material in pocket opening is tightened after planting
Bag；
(3) indoor hair bacterium：To be inoculated with the culturing rack that pocket is neatly deposited in hair bacterium room, per layer frame, son stacks pocket
The number of plies is 4-6 layers, and carrying out hair tube by adjusting the temperature and humidity in hair bacterium room after the completion of stacking manages；Wherein hair tube is managed
Process is：It is 23 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept before 10d after inoculation, and sprays nutrient solution guarantee hair bacterium room air
Relative humidity be 65%；It is aqueous solution guarantor in 26 DEG C, and sprinkling that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept after 11d after inoculation
The relative humidity of card hair bacterium room air is 65%, is also aerated management to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity, often
Its ventilation 2 times, each 2h；Also needing to continue the culture 9d in hair bacterium room after covering with bacterium bag to mycelia carries out inspiring tube reason
Indoor hair bacterium process can be completed, mycelia pocket is obtained；Wherein inspire and hair bacterium indoor temperature is controlled during tube is managed for 26 DEG C, and
Aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 60% in sprinkling, also to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Management is aerated, daily ventilation 4 times, each 2h；
(4) site preparation：Selection physical features is open, have abundant water resources, plot that light is good as black fungus outdoor planting culture
Ground；Culture is covered with one layer of mulch film after culture to be carried out smooth, weeding, is uniformly offered on above-mentioned mulch film discouraged
Hole, bleeder port is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring bleeder port is 20cm, and the diameter of bleeder port is 4cm；
(5) outdoor fruiting cultivation：Mycelia pocket is open with knife after mycelia pocket is taken out, Opening length is
3cm, opening number is 12, and mycelia pocket is moved into outdoor, and 5 layers of stacking after the completion of opening, and liquid medicine is to mycelia in then using
Pocket is sprayed, and the relative humidity for keeping mycelia pocket is the 60% mycelia pocket put well with straw mat covering heap again, makes pocket
Interior mycelia proceeds dim light growth and is transplanted again after mycelia is again filled with pocket, straw mat is removed during transplanting and is removed
The tying cotton thread of mycelia pocket opens the sack of mycelia pocket, the openend of mycelia pocket is close into mulch film and is placed, and keeps mycelia
Pocket is in erectility, and mycelia pocket is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring mycelia pocket is 20cm；Place
After good mycelia pocket, covered with straw mat, it is ensured that mycelia pocket carries out fruiting under low light condition；After covering mycelia pocket
Conventional management of producing mushroom is carried out, above-mentioned management of producing mushroom process is：Daytime is not watered, to 18:Start to be sprayed with spraying after 00
Water dispenser is sprayed water to mycelia pocket, and keeps the relative humidity of air for 90% until black fungus is ripe.
Above-mentioned culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：(wherein, wood chip takes from elm bits and willow to 66 parts of wood chip
The mixing of bits.) 7 parts gypsum, 17 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of corn flour, 7 parts of density be 1.53 × 103kg/m3Calcium lime powder,
(wherein, on the basis of selenium ore total amount, by weight percentage, the content of selenium is the Se content of selenium ore 5 parts of selenium ore
7%) 10 parts of mass concentrations are 8% sodium selenite solution, 24 parts of bean powder, 17 parts of passion fruit skin and 18 parts of dragon fruit
Skin；
Wherein, the processing method of culture medium is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by selenium ore, passion fruit skin and fire
Imperial pericarp is respectively crushed into the powder that granularity is 300 mesh, is added after then mixing with wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, corn flour and bean powder
Appropriate water, makes the moisture content of compound be 50%, and the 25d that fermented under conditions of being then 30 DEG C in temperature obtains fermentation material, so
Fermentation material and sodium selenite solution are mixed and added into appropriate water afterwards and are stirred the culture medium that obtains that moisture content is 60%.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：43 parts of algae powder, 7 parts of trehalose, 15 parts of Chinese tallow seed
Powder, 8 parts of mass concentrations are 3% sodium chloride solution and 4 parts of vitamin C granules；
Wherein, the processing method of nutrient solution is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by algae powder, trehalose, Chinese tallow seed powder
Added after end, sodium chloride solution, vitamin C granules are well mixed in 350 times of water of mass fraction of mixture, obtain nutrient solution.
Above-mentioned middle liquid medicine is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：41 parts of tomato extract, 16 parts of black false hellebore extract, 12
Part Lotus Leafextract, 13 parts of eucalyptus oil, 15 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 43 parts of wrinkled giant hyssop powder.
Wherein, the processing method of middle liquid medicine is：Fresh blue or green tomato is smashed to pieces, the body with the quality such as blue or green tomato is subsequently adding
Product percentage carries out refluxing extraction for 40% (v/v) methanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 2h, removes filter residue and reclaims
Filtrate carries out vacuum distillation and removes methyl alcohol, and then 1/2 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste obtains institute
State tomato extract；After fresh black false hellebore leaf is smashed to pieces, adding the water of equal quality carries out infusion, and the infusion time is 6h, infusion
Cooled down after end, be filtrated to get black false hellebore extract；The volume hundred of the quality such as addition and lotus leaf after fresh lotus leaf is smashed to pieces
Fraction carries out refluxing extraction for 60% (v/v) ethanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 2h, removes filter residue and reclaims filtrate
Carry out vacuum distillation and remove methyl alcohol, then 1/3 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste obtains the lotus
Leaf extract；The eucalyptus leaves that will be dried pulverizes, the eucalyptus leaves for pulverizing is fumigated with 120 DEG C of water vapours, condense it is prepared；Will
Chinese coriaria leaf dries water content for 60%, is subsequently adding the percentage by volume with the quality such as Chinese coriaria leaf for 80% (v/v) ethanol is molten
Liquid carries out refluxing extraction, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h-2h, removes filter residue, filtrate is divided into isometric 2 parts, so
Wherein 1 part is extracted with isometric chloroform afterwards, and another is extracted with isometric ethyl acetate, and extraction time is all
2h, chloroform phase and ethyl acetate phase are collected after the completion of extraction to be carried out vacuum distillation and removes chloroform and ethyl acetate respectively, by residue
Extract carry out being mixed to prepare Coriaria sinica extract；The Radix agastaches that will be dried are put into pulverizer and are crushed, then by 50 mesh
Screen cloth screen and obtain wrinkled giant hyssop powder；After the completion of pretreatment of raw material by the weight portion by tomato extract, black false hellebore extract,
Lotus Leafextract, eucalyptus oil, Coriaria sinica extract and wrinkled giant hyssop powder are mixed, and the water for adding 400 times of mixture weight is obtained
Liquid medicine.
Further to strengthen the aseptic process of desinfection chamber, the desinfection chamber of the present embodiment seeded process is gone out using uviol lamp
Bacterium, the intensity of illumination of the uviol lamp is 1800Lx, light application time is 3h.
Strengthen the ventilation process of hair bacterium room for further, and do not influence the physiological requirement of the half-light hair bacterium of black fungus again,
The hair bacterium room of the present embodiment is provided with 14 ventilating openings on top, and the ventilating opening is square, and length and width are 50cm.
Further reasonably to put black fungus bacterial silk bag, will not be because of the temperature of the pocket mycelia pocket that causes too high
Burn bacterium, the present embodiment culturing rack has 7 layers, between adjacent two layers at intervals of 60cm.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium comprises the following steps：
(1) culture medium is prepared：It is stirred being put into be added water in blender by the culture medium after micro- fermentation, it is ensured that training
The moisture content for supporting base is 55%, culture medium is directly placed into sterilizing chamber after stirring and is sterilized, and sterilization method uses normal pressure
Steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 130 DEG C, and sterilization time is 4.5h；
(2) it is inoculated with：The culture medium after terminating that will sterilize is put into and natural cooling is carried out in desinfection chamber, when culture medium temperature cooling
Proceed by inoculation during to 28 DEG C, get out the cylindricality polypropylene pocket of only one end open before inoculation, pocket it is a diameter of
20cm, pocket total length is 42cm；It is compacted to form culture medium layer to the culture medium that a layer thickness is 4cm is put into pocket, then
Place into the strain that a layer thickness is 1cm to be compacted to form strain layer, then repeat and put culture medium and put strain step, formed
" culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer " arrangement separately；Wherein strain layer is 4 layers, wherein training
Support basic unit more one layer than strain layer, the two ends of pocket are necessary for culture medium layer, connect and formation inoculation material in pocket opening is tightened after planting
Bag；
(3) indoor hair bacterium：To be inoculated with the culturing rack that pocket is neatly deposited in hair bacterium room, per layer frame, son stacks pocket
The number of plies is 5 layers, and carrying out hair tube by adjusting the temperature and humidity in hair bacterium room after the completion of stacking manages；Wherein hair tube was cut
Cheng Wei：It is 22 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept before 10d after inoculation, and sprays nutrient solution guarantee hair bacterium room air
Relative humidity is 60%；It is aqueous solution guarantee in 26 DEG C, and sprinkling that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept after 11d after inoculation
The relative humidity for sending out bacterium room air is 60%, and also management is aerated to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity, logical daily
Wind 2 times, each 1h；Also need to continue after covering with bacterium bag to mycelia to be cultivated in hair bacterium room 8d carry out inspiring bacterium management talent it is complete
Into indoor hair bacterium process, mycelia pocket is obtained；Wherein inspire and hair bacterium indoor temperature is controlled during tube is managed for 26 DEG C, and spray
Middle aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 60%, and also hair bacterium room is carried out in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Ventilating management, daily ventilation 4 times, each 1h；
(4) site preparation：Selection physical features is open, have abundant water resources, plot that light is good as black fungus outdoor planting culture
Ground；Culture is covered with one layer of mulch film after culture to be carried out smooth, weeding, is uniformly offered on above-mentioned mulch film discouraged
Hole, bleeder port is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring bleeder port is 17cm, and the diameter of bleeder port is 4cm；
(5) outdoor fruiting cultivation：Mycelia pocket is open with knife after mycelia pocket is taken out, Opening length is
2cm, opening number is 11, and mycelia pocket is moved into outdoor, and 5 layers of stacking after the completion of opening, and liquid medicine is to mycelia in then using
Pocket is sprayed, and the relative humidity for keeping mycelia pocket is the 55% mycelia pocket put well with straw mat covering heap again, makes pocket
Interior mycelia proceeds dim light growth and is transplanted again after mycelia is again filled with pocket, straw mat is removed during transplanting and is removed
The tying cotton thread of mycelia pocket opens the sack of mycelia pocket, the openend of mycelia pocket is close into mulch film and is placed, and keeps mycelia
Pocket is in erectility, and mycelia pocket is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring mycelia pocket is 20cm；Place
After good mycelia pocket, covered with straw mat, it is ensured that mycelia pocket carries out fruiting under low light condition；Cover mycelia pocket
Conventional management of producing mushroom is carried out afterwards, and above-mentioned management of producing mushroom process is：Daytime is not watered, to 18:Start after 00 with spraying
Sprinkler is sprayed water to mycelia pocket, and keeps the relative humidity of air for 90% until black fungus is ripe.
Above-mentioned culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：(wherein, wood chip takes from elm bits, willow to 60 parts of wood chip
One or more mixing in bits, cedar sawdust, mulberry wood chips, red bayberry wood chip and tea oil tree wood chip.) 5 parts of gypsum, 15 parts of wheat
Bran, 13 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of density are 1.53 × 103kg/m3Calcium lime powder, 4 parts of selenium ore (wherein, the selenium of selenium ore
On the basis of selenium ore total amount, by weight percentage, the content of selenium is 6% selenous acid for 6%) 7 parts of mass concentrations to content
Sodium solution, 20 parts of bean powder, 14 parts of passion fruit skin and 15 parts of pitaya peel；
Wherein, the processing method of culture medium is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by selenium ore, passion fruit skin and fire
Imperial pericarp is respectively crushed into the powder that granularity is 250 mesh, is added after then mixing with wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, corn flour and bean powder
Appropriate water, makes the moisture content of compound be 45%, and the 24d that fermented under conditions of being then 28 DEG C in temperature obtains fermentation material, so
Fermentation material and sodium selenite solution are mixed and added into appropriate water afterwards and are stirred the culture medium that obtains that moisture content is 55%.
Above-mentioned nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：32 parts of algae powder, 5 parts of trehalose, 13 parts of Chinese tallow seed
Powder, 7 parts of mass concentrations are 2% sodium chloride solution and 3 parts of vitamin C granules；
Wherein, the processing method of nutrient solution is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by algae powder, trehalose, Chinese tallow seed powder
Added after end, sodium chloride solution, vitamin C granules are well mixed in 330 times of water of mass fraction of mixture, obtain nutrient solution.
Above-mentioned middle liquid medicine is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：37 parts of tomato extract, 10 parts of black false hellebore extract, 10
Part Lotus Leafextract, 7 parts of eucalyptus oil, 10 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 30 parts of wrinkled giant hyssop powder.
Wherein, the processing method of middle liquid medicine is：Fresh blue or green tomato is smashed to pieces, the body with the quality such as blue or green tomato is subsequently adding
Product percentage carries out refluxing extraction for 35% (v/v) methanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h-2h, removes filter residue
Reclaiming filtrate carries out vacuum distillation removing methyl alcohol, and then 1/2 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste is obtained
To the tomato extract；After fresh black false hellebore leaf is smashed to pieces, adding the water of equal quality carries out infusion, and the infusion time is 5h,
Infusion is cooled down after terminating, is filtrated to get black false hellebore extract；The body of the quality such as addition and lotus leaf after fresh lotus leaf is smashed to pieces
Product percentage carries out refluxing extraction for 55% (v/v) ethanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1.5h, removes filter residue and returns
Receiving filtrate carries out vacuum distillation removing methyl alcohol, and then 1/3 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste is obtained
The Lotus Leafextract；The eucalyptus leaves that will be dried pulverizes, and the eucalyptus leaves for pulverizing is fumigated with 115 DEG C of water vapours, is condensed
It is obtained；Chinese coriaria leaf is dried into water content for 55%, it is 75% (v/v) to be subsequently adding with the percentage by volume of the quality such as Chinese coriaria leaf
Ethanol solution carries out refluxing extraction, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1.5h, removes filter residue, and filtrate is divided into isometric 2
Part, then wherein 1 part is extracted with isometric chloroform, and another is extracted with isometric ethyl acetate, during extraction
Between be all 2h, chloroform phase and ethyl acetate phase collected after the completion of extraction carry out vacuum distillation respectively and remove chloroform and ethyl acetate,
Remaining extract is carried out to be mixed to prepare Coriaria sinica extract；The Radix agastaches that will be dried are put into pulverizer and are crushed, Ran Houjing
Cross the screen cloth of 40 mesh and screen and obtain wrinkled giant hyssop powder；The weight portion is pressed after the completion of pretreatment of raw material by tomato extract, black false hellebore
Extract, Lotus Leafextract, eucalyptus oil, Coriaria sinica extract and wrinkled giant hyssop powder are mixed, and add mixture weight 300 times -400
Water again obtains middle liquid medicine.
Further to strengthen the aseptic process of desinfection chamber, the desinfection chamber of the present embodiment seeded process is gone out using uviol lamp
Bacterium, the intensity of illumination of the uviol lamp is 1700Lx, light application time is 2.5h.
Strengthen the ventilation process of hair bacterium room for further, and do not influence the physiological requirement of the half-light hair bacterium of black fungus again,
The hair bacterium room of the present embodiment is provided with 13 ventilating openings on top, and the ventilating opening is square, and length and width are 45cm.
Further reasonably to put black fungus bacterial silk bag, will not be because of the temperature of the pocket mycelia pocket that causes too high
Burn bacterium, the present embodiment culturing rack has 6 layers, between adjacent two layers at intervals of 50cm.
Control group 1：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but without selenium ore in culture medium, other are matched somebody with somebody
Side and processing method are completely the same with embodiment 1.
Control group 2：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but without sodium selenite in culture medium, other
Formula and processing method are completely the same with embodiment 1.
Control group 3：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but the wood chip in culture medium is substituted for into cypress
Bits, other formulas and processing method are completely the same with embodiment 1.
Control group 4：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but will not used in culture medium pitaya peel and
Passion fruit skin, other formulas and processing method are completely the same with embodiment 1.
Control group 5：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but nutrient solution is substituted for into water and is sprayed.
Control group 6：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but middle liquid medicine is substituted for into water and is sprayed.
Control group 7：
The cultural method of this control group is carried out in strict accordance with embodiment 1, but using only wood chip in culture medium, but also will
Nutrient solution and middle liquid medicine are all substituted for water and are sprayed.
Checking test：
Black fungus randomly selects the sample of embodiment 1-3 and control group 1-7 after harvesting, and with reference to GB GB5009.93-
2010 determine the Se content in black fungus；Protein content in black fungus is determined using Coomassie brilliant G-250 method；Use slide calliper rule meter
The Hyphal length of 10d, 20d agaric is calculated, and calculates the speed of growth of preceding 10d mycelia and the average production speed of 10d-20d mycelia
Degree, is specifically shown in Table 1：After inoculation, a situation for black fungus pest and disease damage is observed every 10d, 60d is observed altogether and by pest and disease damage situation
Recorded, concrete condition is shown in Table 2：Detect by an unaided eye and differentiate the color and luster of black fungus, apply one's nose to and hear the smell of black fungus, specifically
It is shown in Table 3：
The effective nutrient composition content table of the black fungus of table 1
As seen from the above table, the Se content of embodiment 1-3 is basically identical with control group 3-6, hence it is evident that higher than control group 1-2 and right
According to group 7, illustrate, sodium selenite and selenium ore can influence the Se content in black fungus of the present invention；The protein content of embodiment 1-3 with
Control group 1-4 and control group 6 are basically identical, hence it is evident that higher than control group 5 and control group 7, illustrate culture medium prescription of the invention and
Nutrient solution can increase the protein content in black fungus；The mycelial growth rate of embodiment 1-3 and control group 1-2, control group 4 and
Control group 6 is basically identical, hence it is evident that higher than control group 3, control group 5 and control group 7, illustrates the selection of wood chip in the present invention and matches somebody with somebody
Than, and nutrient solution can influence the speed of growth of agaric.
The black fungus pest and disease damage situation table of table 2
As seen from the above table, there is not pest and disease damage disease in the embodiment 1-3 and control group 1-5 that liquid medicine is sprayed in
Shape, and control group 6-7 starts ill phenomenon occur after inoculated and cultured 20d, do not carry out in the case of especially treatment with when
Between passage it is increasingly severe, it was demonstrated that, the middle liquid medicine of rational formula of the present invention can play expelling parasite, and disease-resistant effect can be effective
Carry out exterminating bacterium, meanwhile, middle liquid medicine of the invention derives from plant source, does not result in secondary pollution, causes black fungus
Pesticide Residue.
Table 3
The agaric color of embodiment 1-3 is essentially identical with control group 1-3 and control group 5-6, than control group 4 and control group 7
It is vivid glossy；Embodiment 1-3 and control group 1-3 and control group 5-6 is essentially identical fragrant, than control group 4 and control group 7
More delicate fragrance；Illustrate that the glossiness of the pitaya peel and passion fruit micromicro increase agaric added in culture medium of the present invention improves agaric
Fragrance.
In sum, black fungus rich in selenium is produced using the method for the present invention, can plays and be of high nutritive value, Se content is high, and
And can also effectively carry out pest and disease damage epidemic prevention will not cause residues of pesticides, cause the problem of secondary pollution.
Embodiment described above only expresses several embodiments of the invention, and its description is more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore limitation of the scope of the invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention
Enclose.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium, it is characterised in that methods described comprises the following steps：
(1) culture medium is prepared：It is stirred being put into be added water in blender by the culture medium after micro- fermentation, it is ensured that culture medium
Moisture content be 50%-60%, culture medium is directly placed into sterilizing chamber after stirring and is sterilized, sterilization method uses normal pressure
Steam sterilizing, sterilising temp is 120 DEG C -140 DEG C, and sterilization time is 4h-5h；
(2) it is inoculated with：Culture medium after step (1) sterilizing is terminated is put into and natural cooling is carried out in desinfection chamber, works as culture medium temperature
Inoculation is proceeded by when being cooled to 25 DEG C -30 DEG C, the cylindricality polypropylene pocket of only one end open is got out before inoculation, pocket
A diameter of 18cm-21cm, pocket total length is 40cm-47cm；It is the culture medium pressure of 3cm-5cm to a layer thickness is put into pocket
It is real to form culture medium layer, then place into the strain that a layer thickness is 1cm and be compacted to form strain layer, then repeat and put culture medium
With put strain step, form " culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer-strain layer-culture medium layer " arrangement separately；It is described
Strain layer is 3-5 layers, and the culture medium layer is more one layer than strain layer, and the two ends of pocket are necessary for culture medium layer, connects and pricked after planting
Tight pocket opening forms inoculation pocket；
(3) indoor hair bacterium：Step (2) inoculation pocket is neatly deposited on the culturing rack in hair bacterium room, per the sub- heap blowing of layer frame
The number of plies of bag is 4-6 layers, and carrying out hair tube by adjusting the temperature and humidity in hair bacterium room after the completion of stacking manages；The hair bacterium
Management process is：It is 21 DEG C -23 DEG C that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept before 10d after inoculation, and sprays nutrient solution guarantee hair
The relative humidity of bacterium room air is 55%-65%；It is 25 DEG C -26 that hair bacterium indoor temperature is kept after 11d after inoculation
DEG C, and aqueous solution ensures that the relative humidity of hair bacterium room air is 55%-65% in sprinkling, in addition to control of temperature and humidity
Management also is aerated to hair bacterium room, daily ventilation 1-2 times, each 1h-2h；Also need to continue in hair after covering with bacterium bag to mycelia
7d-9d is cultivated in bacterium room to carry out inspiring the indoor hair bacterium process of bacterium management talent completion, obtains mycelia pocket；It is described to inspire bacterium
Hair bacterium indoor temperature is controlled during management for 25 DEG C -26 DEG C, and aqueous solution ensures the relatively wet of hair bacterium room air in sprinkling
It is 60% to spend, and is also aerated management to hair bacterium room in addition to control of temperature and humidity, daily ventilation 3-4 times, each 1h-2h；
(4) site preparation：Selection physical features is open, have abundant water resources, plot that light is good as black fungus outdoor planting culture ground；Will
Culture is covered with one layer of mulch film after carrying out to culture smooth, weeding, uniformly bleeder port is offered on the mulch film, let out
Stomata is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and the distance between two neighboring bleeder port is 15cm-20cm, and the diameter of bleeder port is 3cm-
4cm；
(5) outdoor fruiting cultivation：Mycelia pocket is open with knife after step (3) mycelia pocket is taken out, opening length
It is 2cm-3cm to spend, and opening number is 10-12, and mycelia pocket is moved into outdoor after the completion of opening, and stacks 4 layers-5 layers, so
Liquid medicine sprays to mycelia pocket in afterwards, keeps the relative humidity of mycelia pocket to cover heap with straw mat again for 50%-60%
The mycelia pocket put well, makes the mycelia in pocket proceed dim light growth and is moved again after mycelia is again filled with pocket
Plant, the tying cotton thread that straw mat is removed during transplanting and mycelia pocket is removed opens the sack of mycelia pocket, by the opening of mycelia pocket
The placement of step (4) mulch film is close at end, keeps mycelia pocket to be in erectility, and mycelia pocket is embarked on journey or arranged in rows, and adjacent two
The distance between individual mycelia pocket is 20cm；After placing mycelia pocket, covered with straw mat, it is ensured that mycelia pocket is in dim light
Under the conditions of carry out fruiting；Conventional management of producing mushroom is carried out after covering mycelia pocket, the management of producing mushroom process is：Daytime does not enter
Row waters, to 18:Start after 00 to spray water mycelia pocket with sprinkler of spraying, and keep the relative humidity of air to be
90% until black fungus is ripe.
The culture medium is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：50 parts -66 parts of wood chip, 2 parts -7 parts of gypsum, 13 parts -17 parts
Wheat bran, 10 parts -16 parts of corn flour, 3 parts of -7 parts of density be 1.53 × 103kg/m3Calcium lime powder, 3 parts -5 parts of selenium ore deposit
Stone, 5 parts of -10 parts of mass concentrations are sodium selenite solution, 14 parts -24 parts of bean powder, 9 parts -17 parts of the passion fruit skin of 5%-8%
Pitaya peel with 8 parts -18 parts；
The nutrient solution is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：27 parts -43 parts of algae powder, 3 parts -7 parts of trehalose, 10 part -15
The Chinese tallow tree powder of seeds of part, 5 parts of -8 parts of mass concentrations are the sodium chloride solution and 2 parts -4 parts of vitamin C granules of 1%-3%；
The middle liquid medicine is made up of the raw material of following weight portion：33 parts -41 parts of tomato extract, 3 parts -16 parts of black false hellebore are extracted
Thing, 3 parts -12 parts of Lotus Leafextract, 4 parts -13 parts of eucalyptus oil, 3 parts -15 parts of Coriaria sinica extract and 25 parts -43 parts of the leaves of pulse plants
Face powder.
2. the cultural method of a kind of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wood chip takes from elm
One or more mixing in bits, willow bits, cedar sawdust, mulberry wood chips, red bayberry wood chip and tea oil tree wood chip.
3. the cultural method of a kind of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the selenium ore
On the basis of selenium ore total amount, by weight percentage, the content of selenium is 5%-7% to Se content.
4. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the processing of the culture medium
Method is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, it is 200 that selenium ore, passion fruit skin and pitaya peel are respectively crushed into granularity
The powder of the mesh of mesh -300, adds appropriate water after then mixing with wood chip, wheat bran, gypsum, corn flour and bean powder, make compound
Moisture content is 40%-50%, and the 20d-25d that fermented under conditions of being then 25 DEG C -30 DEG C in temperature obtains fermentation material, then will hair
Ferment material and sodium selenite solution are mixed and added into appropriate water and are stirred the culture medium for obtaining that moisture content is 50%-60%.
5. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the processing of the nutrient solution
Method is：Each raw material is weighed by the weight portion, by algae powder, trehalose, Chinese tallow tree powder of seeds, sodium chloride solution, vitamin C granules
Added after well mixed in the water of 300-350 times of mass fraction of mixture, obtain nutrient solution.
6. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the processing of the middle liquid medicine
Method is：Fresh blue or green tomato is smashed to pieces, it is 30% (v/v) -40% to be subsequently adding with the percentage by volume of the quality such as blue or green tomato
(v/v) methanol solution carries out refluxing extraction, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h-2h, removes filter residue recovery filtrate and is subtracted
Distillation for removing methanol is pressed, then 1/2 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste obtains the tomato extraction
Thing；After fresh black false hellebore leaf is smashed to pieces, adding the water of equal quality carries out infusion, and the infusion time is 4h-6h, and infusion terminates laggard
Row is cooled down, is filtrated to get black false hellebore extract；Added after fresh lotus leaf is smashed to pieces and be with the percentage by volume of the quality such as lotus leaf
50% (v/v) -60% (v/v) ethanol solution carries out refluxing extraction, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h-2h, removes filter residue
Reclaiming filtrate carries out vacuum distillation removing methyl alcohol, and then 1/3 times by the liquid concentration after vacuum distillation to volume for stoste is obtained
To the Lotus Leafextract；The eucalyptus leaves that will be dried pulverizes, and the eucalyptus leaves for pulverizing is smoked with 110 DEG C -120 DEG C of water vapours
Steam, condensation is obtained；Chinese coriaria leaf is dried into water content for 50%-60%, the volume basis with the quality such as Chinese coriaria leaf are subsequently adding
Number carries out refluxing extraction for 70% (v/v) -80% (v/v) ethanol solution, is filtered mixed liquor after extracting 1h-2h, removes
Filter residue, isometric 2 parts are divided into by filtrate, and then wherein 1 part is extracted with isometric chloroform, and another is with isometric
Ethyl acetate is extracted, and extraction time is all 2h, collects chloroform phase after the completion of extraction and ethyl acetate phase is depressurized respectively
Chloroform and ethyl acetate is distilled off, remaining extract is carried out to be mixed to prepare Coriaria sinica extract；The Radix agastaches that will be dried are put
Enter pulverizer to be crushed, then by the screen cloth of the mesh of 30 mesh -50 screen and obtain wrinkled giant hyssop powder；Pressed after the completion of pretreatment of raw material
The weight portion is mixed tomato extract, black false hellebore extract, Lotus Leafextract, eucalyptus oil, Coriaria sinica extract and wrinkled giant hyssop powder
Close, the water for adding 300 times -400 times of mixture weight obtains middle liquid medicine.
7. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (2) inoculation
The desinfection chamber of process is sterilized using uviol lamp, and the intensity of illumination of the uviol lamp is 1400Lx-1800Lx, light application time is
2h-3h。
8. the cultural method of a kind of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step (3) sends out bacterium
Room top is provided with 12-14 ventilating opening, and the ventilating opening is square, and length and width are 40cm-50cm.
9. a kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) culture
Frame has 5-7 layers, between adjacent two layers at intervals of 40cm-60cm.
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| CN107371790A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-24 | 徐州两汉农业发展有限公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of black fungus |
| CN107459413A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-12 | 灵川县金晨菌业有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium |
| CN107493964A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-22 | 广西柳城县绿之缘生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of bacterium germination management method of black fungus |
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| CN108934751A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-12-07 | 靖西市秀美边城农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cultural method improving black fungus content of mineral substances |
| CN108812066A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-16 | 山东省科创食用菌产业技术研究院 | A kind of liquid spawn culture medium formula and technique improving Pleurotus eryngii content of glutamic acid |
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