CN108377844A - A kind of cultural method of black fungus - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of black fungus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108377844A CN108377844A CN201810536254.3A CN201810536254A CN108377844A CN 108377844 A CN108377844 A CN 108377844A CN 201810536254 A CN201810536254 A CN 201810536254A CN 108377844 A CN108377844 A CN 108377844A
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- black fungus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods of black fungus, belong to agricultural cultivation technical field.Include the following steps：（1）The preparation of culture substrate；（2）Pack；（3）Disinfection inoculation；（4）Cultivation；（5）Vernalization；（6）Ear management；（7）Harvesting；（8）Drying.The present invention has selected culture substrate prepared by these raw material components rich in the nutrition needed for black fungus growth, it quickly, is healthily generated conducive to mycelia and Er Ji, in addition the present invention to bacterium bag preparation, disinfection inoculation, cultivation vernalization and ear management and etc. improve, improve the yield of black fungus, keep the black fungus quality that plantation comes out more stable and the black fungus meat that cultivates is thick, color is black, high resilience, excellent quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural cultivation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of black fungus.
Background technology
Black fungus is famous mountain delicacy, it is edible, can medicine, can mend, food is not minded long on Chinese common people's dining table, there is " it in element
The good reputation of meat or fish " is referred to as " the black rarity in Chinese meal ", wide market in the world.Black fungus belongs to saprophytic fungus,
It by the organic substance in other organisms as nutriment, is grown in rotten wood, artificial growth income is very high.Current black fungus
Artificial cultivation method includes segment wood cultivated and polybag substituting stuff cultivation.
The floor space that the former needs is too big, and needs largely to fall trees, and influences the ecological balance.The latter is with polybag
The mode of production that generation material is cultivated instead of juggle, is not limited, moreover it is possible to which layer stereo culture, 0.07 hectare can hang 5 by plot quality
Ten thousand bacterium bags, yield higher.
Steps are as follows for conventional polybag substituting stuff cultivation method：（1）Prepare bacterium bag：Mostly using sawdust, stalk as primary raw material,
It accompanies by a small amount of gypsum, sucrose and phosphoric acid dioxy potassium etc. and is used as culture substrate, contained using polybag；（2）Sterilizing：Mostly use steaming
Vapour normal-pressure sterilization；（3）Inoculation：Inoculating tool and bacterium bag surface first disinfect in alcohol, and seeded process will in gnotobasis into
Row；（4）Cultivate mycelia, vernalization；（6）Ear management；（7）Harvesting；（8）Drying.Nowadays, artificial cultivation black fungus is increasingly
It is more, but since the trophic structure of culture substrate, the control of the details of cultivation can all impact agaric yield and quality, very
The black fungus that more large-scale plantations come out is there are low output, the problems such as unstable quality.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned prior art the problem of, the present invention provides a kind of cultural methods of black fungus, select
New raw material components prepare culture substrate, and to bacterium bag preparation, disinfection inoculation, cultivation vernalization and ear management and etc. change
Into, keep the high black fungus yield that the present invention cultivates, stable quality and the black fungus meat thickness cultivated, color black, high resilience, quality
It is excellent.
The invention is realized in this way：A kind of cultural method of black fungus, includes the following steps：（1）The system of culture substrate
It is standby：It is prepared by following material in parts by weight：68~75 parts of Quercus acutissima sawdust, 8~13 parts of wheat bran, maple leaves 10~13
Part, 2~5 parts of sucrose, 1~4 part of gypsum, 1~3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0~0.8 part of brown sugar, 0.5~1 part of lime；
（2）Pack：The Polythene Bag for selecting 15~17cm × 33~60cm specifications, bacterium bag, culture substrate are packed by culture substrate
Account for the 70% of bacterium bag volume, pack elasticity is subject to tight between culture substrate and bag, and 4~6 are made a call on bacterium bag surface after pack
Air hole；
（3）Disinfection inoculation：Cultivating bag is sterilized 10~12 hours under conditions of 100~120 DEG C, sterilizing postcooling to 22 DEG C,
It is sent into transfer room inoculation；
（4）Cultivation：Bacterium bag after inoculation is put into baterial cultivation chamber, keeps bacterium bag internal temperature control at 20~22 DEG C, is inoculated with 15 days
Afterwards, 24~28 DEG C are warming up to, after being inoculated with 25 days, 20~22 DEG C is cooled to, keeps cultivation indoor humidity 55%~65%, interior is kept away
Light and ventilation；
（6）Vernalization：After the long purseful of mycelia, " V " shape mouth is opened in bacterium bag surrounding, pocket 5~6cm of spacing will open the bacterium bag behind cave and exist
Vernalization under the conditions of scattering light, 15~20 DEG C of germination temperature, humidity 80%~85%, ear bud is sent into agaric field after being formed；
（7）Ear management：Bacterium bag is placed in ventilation environment on the sunny side, and maintains the temperature at 15~25 DEG C, humidity 85%~95%.
Preferably, further include harvesting and drying.
Preferably, to stop water spray 1~2 time before the harvesting.
Preferably, the step（1）Described in culture substrate be prepared by following material in parts by weight：Cork
70~75 parts of oak bits, 5~10 parts of wheat bran, 10~13 parts of maple leaves, 1~3 part of sucrose, 3~5 parts of gypsum, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1~
3 parts, 0~1 part of brown sugar, 1 part of lime.
Preferably, by the step（1）In all raw materials be pulverized and mixed and water added to stir and evenly mix, keep water content exist
63%~65%.
Preferably, the step（4）In ventilation be divided into three phases, in inoculation 0~15 day, daily ventilation 30 minutes,
Inoculation 15~25 days is divulged information 0.5~1.5 hour daily, after being inoculated with 25 days, is divulged information 1~2 hour daily.
Preferably, the step（6）In, auricle is grown to 2cm, if the auricle speed of growth slows down, stops water spray 1~2 day,
Only maintain humidity 55%~65%.
The invention has the advantages that：Quercus acutissima and xylem total nitrogen, total reducing sugar and the fiber content of cork oak are higher by
The sawdust or stalk that conventional method uses, maple leaf also have higher sugar content, the culture medium for having selected these raw material components to prepare
Matter quickly, is healthily generated rich in the nutrition needed for black fungus growth conducive to mycelia and Er Ji, and the present invention is to bacterium bag system in addition
Standby, disinfection inoculation, cultivation vernalization and ear management and etc. improve, improve the yield of black fungus, also plantation made to come out
Black fungus quality it is more stable.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, the examples of the embodiments are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and cannot
It is interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of cultural method of black fungus, includes the following steps：（1）The preparation of culture substrate：By 70 parts in parts by weight
Quercus acutissima sawdust, 11 parts of wheat brans, 10 parts of maple leaves, 3 portions of sucrose, 3 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 0.5 portion of brown sugar, 0.5 part of stone
Grey and suitable water stirs and evenly mixs, and water content is made to be maintained at 65%, spare as culture substrate.
（2）Pack：The Polythene Bag for selecting 17cm × 33cm specifications, is packed into bacterium bag, culture substrate accounts for bacterium by culture substrate
The 70% of bag volume, pack elasticity are subject to tight between culture substrate and bag, install tampon in rear plug, and prick outside
Brown paper.After pack 4~6 air holes are made a call in bacterium bag bottom surface and side.
（3）Disinfection inoculation：Cultivating bag is sterilized 12 hours under conditions of 120 DEG C, to 22 DEG C, feeding connects sterilizing postcooling
The inoculation of kind room.It first to carry out disinfection to transfer room, inoculating tool and bacterium bag surface when inoculation, one is covered on bacterium bag surface after inoculation
The gauze that layer was impregnated with limewash.
（4）Cultivation：Bacterium bag after inoculation is put into baterial cultivation chamber, keeps bacterium bag internal temperature control at 22 DEG C, and is daily logical
Wind 30 minutes, 1~2 progress of ventilation point；After inoculation 15 days, be warming up to 28 DEG C, daily ventilation 1 hour, ventilation point 2~4 times into
Row；After inoculation 25 days, 22 DEG C are cooled to, daily ventilation 2 hours, 4~5 progress of ventilation point.Entire course of cultivating the microorganism keeps training
60%, interior is protected from light bacterium indoor humidity.
（5）Vernalization：After the long purseful of mycelia, " V " shape mouth is opened in bacterium bag surrounding, pocket 5~6cm of spacing will open the bacterium behind cave
Bag vernalization under the conditions of scattering light, 20 DEG C of germination temperature, humidity 85%, ear bud is sent into agaric field after being formed；
（6）Ear management：Bacterium bag is placed in divulging information environment on the sunny side but to prevent periods of direct sunlight, while strictly controlling humiture,
In daily early morning and divide 3~4 times at dusk and spray water, maintains the temperature at 22~25 DEG C, humidity is 90%~95%.Auricle is grown to 2cm,
If the auricle speed of growth slows down, stop water spray 1~2 day, only maintaining humidity 55%~65%.
（7）Harvesting drying：When auricle the spore of white occurs behind, stop water spray 1~2 time, then uses blade in ear
Ji Chu is cut off.The black fungus harvested is placed on the sieve of full communication between the higher and lower levels and is dried.
Embodiment 2
A kind of cultural method of black fungus, includes the following steps：（1）The preparation of culture substrate：By 68 parts in parts by weight
Quercus acutissima sawdust, 13 parts of wheat brans, 12 parts of maple leaves, 2 portions of sucrose, 2 parts of gypsum, 1 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 portion of brown sugar, 1 part of lime and
Suitable water stirs and evenly mixs, and water content is made to be maintained at 63%, spare as culture substrate.
（2）Pack：The Polythene Bag for selecting 17cm × 33cm specifications, is packed into bacterium bag, culture substrate accounts for bacterium by culture substrate
The 70% of bag volume, pack elasticity are subject to tight between culture substrate and bag, install tampon in rear plug, and prick outside
Brown paper.After pack 4~6 air holes are made a call in bacterium bag bottom surface and side.
（3）Disinfection inoculation：Cultivating bag is sterilized 10 hours under conditions of 120 DEG C, to 22 DEG C, feeding connects sterilizing postcooling
The inoculation of kind room.It first to carry out disinfection to transfer room, inoculating tool and bacterium bag surface when inoculation, one is covered on bacterium bag surface after inoculation
The gauze that layer was impregnated with limewash.
（4）Cultivation：Bacterium bag after inoculation is put into baterial cultivation chamber, keeps bacterium bag internal temperature control at 20 DEG C, and is daily logical
Wind 30 minutes, 1~2 progress of ventilation point；After inoculation 15 days, be warming up to 24 DEG C, daily ventilation 30 minutes, ventilation point 1~2 time into
Row；After inoculation 25 days, 20~22 DEG C are cooled to, daily ventilation 2 hours, 4~5 progress of ventilation point.Entire course of cultivating the microorganism is protected
Cultivation indoor humidity is held 65%, interior is protected from light.
（5）Vernalization：After the long purseful of mycelia, " V " shape mouth is opened in bacterium bag surrounding, pocket 5~6cm of spacing will open the bacterium behind cave
Bag vernalization under the conditions of scattering light, 18 DEG C of germination temperature, humidity 80%, ear bud is sent into agaric field after being formed；
（6）Ear management：Bacterium bag is placed in divulging information environment on the sunny side but to prevent periods of direct sunlight, while strictly controlling humiture,
In daily early morning and divide 3~4 times at dusk and spray water, maintains the temperature at 15~22 DEG C, humidity is 85%~90%.Auricle is grown to 2cm,
If the auricle speed of growth slows down, stop water spray 1~2 day, only maintaining humidity 55%~65%.
（7）Harvesting drying：When auricle the spore of white occurs behind, stop water spray 1~2 time, then uses blade in ear
Ji Chu is cut off.The black fungus harvested is placed on the sieve of full communication between the higher and lower levels and is dried.
Embodiment 3
A kind of cultural method of black fungus, includes the following steps：（1）The preparation of culture substrate：By 72 parts in parts by weight
Cork oak sawdust, 7 parts of wheat brans, 13 parts, 2 portions sucrose of maple leaves, 3 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 1 part of lime and suitable water
It stirs and evenly mixs, water content is made to be maintained at 65%, it is spare as culture substrate.
（2）Pack：The Polythene Bag for selecting 17cm × 33cm specifications, is packed into bacterium bag, culture substrate accounts for bacterium by culture substrate
The 70% of bag volume, pack elasticity are subject to tight between culture substrate and bag, install tampon in rear plug, and prick outside
Brown paper.After pack 4~6 air holes are made a call in bacterium bag bottom surface and side.
（3）Disinfection inoculation：Cultivating bag is sterilized 12 hours under conditions of 120 DEG C, to 22 DEG C, feeding connects sterilizing postcooling
The inoculation of kind room.It first to carry out disinfection to transfer room, inoculating tool and bacterium bag surface when inoculation, one is covered on bacterium bag surface after inoculation
The gauze that layer was impregnated with limewash.
（4）Cultivation：Bacterium bag after inoculation is put into baterial cultivation chamber, keeps bacterium bag internal temperature control at 22 DEG C, and is daily logical
Wind 30 minutes, 1~2 progress of ventilation point；After inoculation 15 days, be warming up to 28 DEG C, daily ventilation 1 hour, ventilation point 2~4 times into
Row；After inoculation 25 days, 22 DEG C are cooled to, daily ventilation 2 hours, 4~5 progress of ventilation point.Entire course of cultivating the microorganism keeps training
60%, interior is protected from light bacterium indoor humidity.
（5）Vernalization：After the long purseful of mycelia, " V " shape mouth is opened in bacterium bag surrounding, pocket 5~6cm of spacing will open the bacterium behind cave
Bag vernalization under the conditions of scattering light, 20 DEG C of germination temperature, humidity 85%, ear bud is sent into agaric field after being formed；
（6）Ear management：Bacterium bag is placed in divulging information environment on the sunny side but to prevent periods of direct sunlight, while strictly controlling humiture,
In daily early morning and divide 3~4 times at dusk and spray water, maintains the temperature at 22~25 DEG C, humidity is 90%~95%.Auricle is grown to 2cm,
If the auricle speed of growth slows down, stop water spray 1~2 day, only maintaining humidity 55%~65%.
（7）Harvesting drying：When auricle the spore of white occurs behind, stop water spray 1~2 time, then uses blade in ear
Ji Chu is cut off.The black fungus harvested is placed on the sieve of full communication between the higher and lower levels and is dried.
Comparative example 1
（1）The preparation of culture substrate：By 83 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 14 parts of wheat brans, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of biphosphate in parts by weight
Potassium, 1 part of lime and suitable water stir and evenly mix, and water content is made to be maintained at 65%, spare as culture substrate.
Other steps are same as Example 1.
Comparative example 2
（1）The preparation of culture substrate：By 83 parts of weed tree sawdusts, 14 parts of wheat brans, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of biphosphate in parts by weight
Potassium, 1 part of lime and suitable water stir and evenly mix, and water content is made to be maintained at 65%, spare as culture substrate.
Other steps use the conventional method of the prior art.
All of above embodiment and comparative example is all made of identical black fungus original seed, prepares 10000 bacterium bags altogether, takes up an area one
Mu.
Table one is the comparison of Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 1 using routine culture matrix
| The mycelia purseful time（It） | Biological conversion rate（%） | Ear base forms the time（It） | |
| Embodiment 1 | 41 | 144.6 | 7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 43 | 143.0 | 9 |
| Embodiment 3 | 42 | 144.3 | 8 |
| Comparative example 1 | 46 | 129.8 | 11 |
According to one data comparison of table, it is found that under same planting conditions, using the black fungus ratio of culture substrate of the present invention production
It being accelerated 3~5 days using the black fungus mycelia purseful time of conventional method, the ear base formation time accelerates 2~4 days, meanwhile, it is raw
Object conversion ratio is significantly increased.
Table two is the comparison of Examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 2 using conventional cultivation method
| Single bag of dry weight（g） | Moisture（%） | Total reducing sugar（%） | Crude protein（%） | Crude fat（%） | Crude fibre（%） | |
| Embodiment 1 | 49.0 | 11 | 37.1 | 10.9 | 1.14 | 3.7 |
| Embodiment 2 | 47.3 | 9 | 35.9 | 11.2 | 1.12 | 3.7 |
| Embodiment 3 | 48.8 | 10 | 36.6 | 11.0 | 1.12 | 3.7 |
| Comparative example 2 | 41.6 | 10 | 31.8 | 10.9 | 1.08 | 3.7 |
According to two data comparison of table, it can be seen that the black fungus yield that black fungus produced by the invention is produced than conventional method is more
Height, quality are more excellent.
In addition, the black fungus budding time that Examples 1 to 3 is cultivated is almost the same, and generally pitch-dark meat is thick for auricle, and right
The black fungus budding time that ratio 1,2 is cultivated is irregular, has fist ear, the appearance of stream ear and part auricle meat thin in fact.
Certainly, described above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not limitation of the present invention, the art
Those of ordinary skill in the essential scope of the present invention variations, modifications, additions or substitutions made, also belong to the present invention's
Protection domain.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of cultural method of black fungus, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
（1）The preparation of culture substrate：It is prepared by following material in parts by weight：68~75 parts of Quercus acutissima sawdust, wheat bran 8
~13 parts, 10~13 parts of maple leaves, 2~5 parts of sucrose, 1~4 part of gypsum, 1~3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0~0.8 part of brown sugar, stone
0.5~1 part of ash；
（2）Pack：The Polythene Bag for selecting 15~17cm × 33~60cm specifications, bacterium bag, culture substrate are packed by culture substrate
Account for the 70% of bacterium bag volume, pack elasticity is subject to tight between culture substrate and bag, and 4~6 are made a call on bacterium bag surface after pack
Air hole；
（3）Disinfection inoculation：Cultivating bag is sterilized 10~12 hours under conditions of 100~120 DEG C, sterilizing postcooling to 22 DEG C,
It is sent into transfer room inoculation；
（4）Cultivation：Bacterium bag after inoculation is put into baterial cultivation chamber, keeps bacterium bag internal temperature control at 20~22 DEG C, is inoculated with 15 days
Afterwards, 24~28 DEG C are warming up to, after being inoculated with 25 days, 20~22 DEG C is cooled to, keeps cultivation indoor humidity 55%~65%, interior is kept away
Light and ventilation；
（5）Vernalization：After the long purseful of mycelia, " V " shape mouth is opened in bacterium bag surrounding, pocket 5~6cm of spacing will open the bacterium bag behind cave and exist
Vernalization under the conditions of scattering light, 15~20 DEG C of germination temperature, humidity 80%~85%, ear bud is sent into agaric field after being formed；
（6）Ear management：Bacterium bag is placed in ventilation environment on the sunny side, and maintains the temperature at 15~25 DEG C, humidity 85%~95%.
2. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include harvesting and drying.
3. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：To stop spraying water before the harvesting
1~2 time.
4. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（1）Described in train
Matrix is supported to be prepared by following material in parts by weight：70~75 parts of cork oak sawdust, 5~10 parts of wheat bran, maple leaves
10~13 parts, 1~3 part of sucrose, 3~5 parts of gypsum, 1~3 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0~1 part of brown sugar, 1 part of lime.
5. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that：By the step（1）In
All raw materials are pulverized and mixed and water are added to stir and evenly mix, and keep water content 63%~65%.
6. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（4）In ventilation
It is divided into three phases, is inoculated in 0~15 day, daily ventilation 30 minutes is inoculated with 15~25 days, divulges information 0.5~1.5 hour daily,
After inoculation 25 days, divulge information 1~2 hour daily.
7. a kind of cultural method of black fungus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step（6）In, auricle is long
To 2cm, if the auricle speed of growth slows down, stop water spray 1~2 day, only maintaining humidity 55%~65%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109463199A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-15 | 王冰洁 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus |
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| CN1043848A (en) * | 1989-01-05 | 1990-07-18 | 昆明市科学技术委员会 | Golden fungus substituting stuff cultivation method |
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| CN104620854A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-20 | 龙泉市年年丰家庭农场 | Quasi wild purple lucid ganoderma cultivation technology |
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| CN105850510A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-17 | 灵璧县恒利健食用菌种植有限公司 | Agaric cultivating method |
| CN106856980A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-20 | 永平县绿之源农副产品有限责任公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of black fungus |
| CN106888799A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-06-27 | 陆川县新英食用菌专业合作社 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus rich in selenium |
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- 2018-05-30 CN CN201810536254.3A patent/CN108377844A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1043848A (en) * | 1989-01-05 | 1990-07-18 | 昆明市科学技术委员会 | Golden fungus substituting stuff cultivation method |
| CN104541962A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-04-29 | 大山合集团保康绿生现代农业有限公司 | Cultivation method for original ecology cut-log tremella sanguinea |
| CN104620854A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-20 | 龙泉市年年丰家庭农场 | Quasi wild purple lucid ganoderma cultivation technology |
| CN104909868A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-16 | 唐山市农业科学研究院 | Amorpha fruticosa scrap as main material for cultivation of black fungus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109463199A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-15 | 王冰洁 | A kind of cultural method of black fungus |
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Application publication date: 20180810 |