JP3746440B2 - Fungus bed for mushroom cultivation and cultivation method of mushroom - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improvement of the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation, specifically, the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom inoculated for the purpose of harvesting, and the inoculum of a different mushroom different from the cultivated mushroom The present invention relates to a fungus bed for mushroom cultivation and a method for cultivating mushrooms using the fungus bed for mushroom cultivation.
[0002]
[Background Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Mushrooms are used not only for edible purposes but also for their pharmacological activity and are used in various fields including pharmaceutical aspects and are recognized as industrially useful materials.
[0003]
Mushroom cultivation has a long history and is said to date back to the Nara period. At present, the most popular mushroom cultivation technique is that the inoculum of the mushrooms to be cultivated is protected from contamination of the cultivation environment, and temperature, humidity, light intensity, oxygen concentration, etc. Mushrooms are purely cultivated under controlled and extremely clean and clean conditions.
[0004]
However, when these conventional cultivation techniques are applied to mushroom cultivation on an industrial scale using a plurality of (multiple) fungal beds, there are some differences in cultivation results depending on the fungal beds, and as a result, the fruit body of mushrooms The actual situation is that the formation time of the group varies widely from culture unit to culture unit, and the harvest period is long.
[0005]
Thus, in this technical field, reduction of labor required for mushroom cultivation and improvement of cultivation efficiency, in other words, uniform growth of mushrooms and increase in yield thereof have always been a problem. The essential solution has not yet been seen.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention was invented in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and the gist of the present invention is as follows:
(1) A fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms, wherein an inoculum of the cultivated mushroom and an inoculum of a different type of mushroom different from the cultivated mushroom coexist, Mycelia are extended in the mycelium due to vegetative growth, and the inoculum of the heterologous mushroom was prepared separately from the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom and inoculated into the mycelium at the stage where the hyphae of the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom was extended In addition to stimulating and accelerating the growth of the cultivated mushrooms, the fungus bed is inoculated with the inoculum of the heterologous mushrooms and the growth mode of the cultivated mushroom species is switched from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Fungus bed for mushroom cultivation characterized by being , and (2) sprouting process of mushrooms that are difficult to shoot or hardly shoot only by physical stimulation or changes in environmental conditions, that is, large sawdust and/ Or inoculate the fungus bed base material containing the large sawdust extract with the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom, and wait for the hyphae of the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom to elongate, and then change the species from the cultivated mushroom. A method for cultivating mushrooms comprising the step of adding and coexisting seeds of different mushrooms that stimulate and promote the growth of cultivated mushrooms.
[0007]
In this way, the gist of the technical idea of the present invention is that, in order to stimulate and promote the growth of cultivated mushrooms for the purpose of harvesting, the mushroom cultivation system is different from the biological factors, that is, the varieties of cultivated mushrooms. It is intended to promote the growth of mushroom hyphae by inoculating and coexisting inoculums of different types of mushrooms to bring out the potential viability of cultivated mushrooms.
[0008]
According to the present invention, even in the cultivation of mushrooms using a plurality of fungal beds, it is possible to guide the occurrence of fruit body primordium of mushrooms from each fungus bed at almost the same time, and the efficiency of mushroom cultivation and The increase in yield is realized.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
There are “vegetative growth” and “reproductive growth” as growth modes of mushroom inoculum.
[0010]
That is, in conventional mushroom cultivation, the inoculum of the mushroom inoculated on the fungus bed first absorbs the nutrient component contained in the fungus bed and performs vegetative growth. The mushroom hyphae extend all over the fungus bed, and after a certain aging period, enter the stage of reproductive growth, forming mushroom fruit body primordia and eventually become mushrooms.
[0011]
In general, in the process leading to mushroom formation, it is necessary to switch the growth of mushroom inoculum from "vegetative growth" to "reproductive growth", and conventionally, a method that gives physical changes to the cultivation system was used. . For example, after scraping the surface mycelium of the medium in which the mycelium is sufficiently spread and pouring water, change the cultivation conditions such as temperature, light, oxygen concentration, humidity, wind, etc. to promote mushroom primordium formation The method was taken.
[0012]
However, the present inventor has moved away from pure cultivation of mushrooms under extremely clean conditions that have been adopted by conventional mushroom cultivation methods and are well-controlled in terms of temperature, humidity and light intensity. It was decided to. In other words, in the natural world, unlike the cultivation environment of pure cultivation systems, it is impossible for a single fungus to exist in a pure form, and many fungi grow while fiercely fighting each other for survival. Usually it is. In fact, in a situation where a different mushroom inoculum coexists in a certain mushroom cultivation system, a large number of fruiting body primordia can be created at the same time as if the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom dispels the sense of crisis related to its own survival. I come across the phenomenon of forming.
[0013]
That is, the present inventor intends to add a biological factor to the mushroom cultivation system to promote hyphal growth of the mushroom, and stimulates / promotes the growth of the mushroom. I have been searching and investigating mushroom species with different varieties. And by coexisting inoculums of different types of mushrooms in the cultivation system of cultivated mushrooms, it is possible to converge the variation in the timing of the primordial body of cultivated mushrooms, and establish a cultivation system that enables more efficient mushroom cultivation and increased yield It was.
[0014]
According to the present invention, when the mycelium of the cultivated mushroom inoculum is extended to a certain level in the fungus bed, the inoculum of a different mushroom different in species from the cultivated mushroom is added and coexisted in the cultivation system. Specifically, at the stage where the hyphae of the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom have been visually extended to cover approximately 90% of the fungus bed, the inoculum of a different mushroom different from that of the cultivated mushroom is added. By carrying out like this, competition between mushroom fungi occurs suddenly, and then the growth mode of the fungus of the cultivated mushroom is switched from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Thereby, even in mushroom cultivation using a plurality of fungus beds, a large number of fruit body primordia of the cultivated mushrooms are generated almost simultaneously from the mutual fungus beds.
[0015]
The cultivated mushrooms applicable to the present invention may be any industrially available mushrooms suitable for various uses including edible and medicinal purposes. Those belonging to the phylum, atypical basidiomycetes, abdominal fungi, Agaric, and Hanatake, such as Hanabiratake, eringi and coral agaric are also applicable in the present invention.
[0016]
On the other hand, the mushroom inoculum added to the cultivated mushroom is one or more mushroom inoculum that is different from the cultivated mushroom and is a mushroom inoculum that stimulates and promotes the growth of the cultivated mushroom. either well, for example, its taxonomic position, Ascomycotina, atypical basidiomycete network, HarakinAmo, Agaricales, belonging to Hidanashitake eyes, as an example, Armillaria, Houraitake, Kabaanatake, Amisukitake and Phellinus igniarius etc. Is also applicable in the present invention. However, fungi such as fungi that produce a large number of conidia in a short time and from which new colonies form on the medium in a short time are inappropriate.
[0017]
As a matter of course, the cultivation conditions in the mushroom cultivation method of the present invention vary depending on the combination of the types of mushrooms used and the material composition constituting the fungus bed, and can also be adjusted.
[0018]
First, examples of the culture container used in the present invention include polypropylene bottles and bags. And the agar and large sawdust, which are mainly made from plant-derived fibers (cellulose, lignin, etc.) and polysaccharides, are used as a fungus bed base material, and this includes wheat flour (wheat flour, barley flour, rye flour, etc.), various nutrients, water, etc. In addition, the prepared one is used as a fungus bed. These fungus beds are accommodated in a culture container and used for cultivation of mushrooms.
[0019]
By the way, as for the large sawdust, the tree species from which it is derived is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the tree species vegetated in nature, larch is preferable in the case of Hanabiratake, and large sawdust of a broad-leaved tree is preferable in the case of eringi and coral agaric . Further, these large sawdust extracts, for example, extracts of water or hot water can also be used effectively in the present invention.
[0020]
And as a nutrient source used for a microbial bed base material, according to the kind of mushroom, besides wheat flour mentioned above, bran, rice bran, etc. can be used if needed.
[0021]
The mycelium obtained as described above is inoculated with the inoculum of the mushroom for cultivation, and the mycelium is usually cultured for about one month at the optimum temperature (around 25 ° C.) for the mycelia culture.
[0022]
Then, when the hyphae of the cultivated mushrooms are visually extended by about 90% on the fungus bed, one or more different mushroom inoculums that are different from the cultivated mushrooms are added to the fungus bed. In this case, the inoculum of the heterologous mushroom can be added in the form of a cell suspension . At this time, in accordance with a conventional method, after scraping the fungus, a medium containing a different mushroom inoculum may be added.
[0023]
In this way, the fungus bed to which the seeds of the different mushrooms are added is further cultured for about one month at a temperature of, for example, about 20 ° C. in the same manner as in the normal cultivation conditions.
[0024]
Through this series of procedures, the variation in the occurrence time of the fruiting body primordium is smaller than usual, and the amount of the fruiting body primordium is also increased. A large amount of mushrooms can be harvested.
[0025]
【Example】
Examples of the present invention will be described below, but it should be understood that the present invention should not be construed in a limited manner based on the disclosure of the examples.
[0026]
Example 1: Cultivation of Hanabiratake (addition of narratake bacteria)
Bacteria bed containing large larch sawdust, flour, nutrients (banana, honey, prawns, peptone, calcium chloride, hypoponex) and water in large litter: flour: nutrient: water = 100: 11.5: 1.9: 51 A substrate was prepared. This fungus bed base material (580 g) was put into a 900 cc polypropylene culture bottle, and the culture bottle was sterilized according to a conventional method, followed by inoculation with seeds of Hanabiratake (16 g). Then, this culture bottle was placed at a temperature of 23 ° C. for 40 days.
[0027]
Separately, the above-mentioned fungus bed base material containing the seed fungus (2 g) was prepared. The microbial bed base material containing the nasal fungus was added to a culture jar of Hanabiratake, and the culture jar was further placed at a temperature of 22 ° C. for 50 days. As a result, a fruit body of Hanabiratake was obtained.
[0028]
In the case of this example, cultivation was performed with 90 culture bottles, but the variation in the harvest date between the culture bottles was normally 120 days, but it was within the variation of 10 days. Also, the yield, which is usually only 70 g, was improved to 150 g.
[0029]
Example 2: Cultivation of Hanabiratake (addition of narratake bacteria)
Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mycelium in which the mycelium of the alga was grown was scraped before adding the fungus bed base material containing the seeds of the larvae. As a result, a fruit body of Hanabiratake was obtained.
[0030]
In the case of this example, cultivation was carried out with 90 culture bottles, but the variation in the harvest date between the culture bottles was normally 90 days, but it was within the variation of 10 days. . Also, the yield, which is usually only 70 g, was improved to 150 g.
[0031]
Example 3: Cultivation of Hanabiratake (addition of Horaitake fungus)
Example except that the fungus bed base material (2 g) obtained by adding the fungus suspension (mycelium solution: 5 cc) of liquid cultivated Horaitake mushroom was used in place of the fungus bed base material containing the seeds of larva Cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in method 1.
[0032]
As a result, a fruit body 140 g of Hanabira bamboo was obtained.
[0033]
In the case of this example, cultivation was performed with 90 culture bottles, but the variation in the harvest date between the culture bottles was normally 90 days, but it was within 8 days.
[0034]
In addition, the yield, which is usually only 70 g, was improved to 140 g.
[0035]
Example 4: Cultivation of eringi (addition of amiskitake fungi) Large sawdust, bran, firewood, corn cob and water of cedar (cedar), large sawdust: bran: cocoon: corn cob: water = 100: 17: 1.4: 0.5: 58 weight ratio A fungus bed base material was prepared. This microbial bed base material (540 g) was placed in a polypropylene culture bottle (blobbin: 850 cc), sterilized according to a conventional method, and then inoculated with eringi seeds (15 g). Then, this culture bottle was placed at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 50 days.
[0036]
Separately, the above- mentioned fungus bed base material containing the seeds of Amanita mushroom (2 g) was prepared.
[0037]
The microbial bed base material containing this amiskitake fungus was added to the culture bottle inoculated with the inoculum of eringi, and this culture bottle was further placed at a temperature of 15 ° C. for 25 days.
[0038]
As a result, 120 g of fruiting bodies of eringi were obtained.
[0039]
In the case of this example, cultivation was carried out with 50 culture bottles. However, when the variation in the harvest date between the culture bottles was conventionally large, the variation in the harvest date was within 10 days. It was. In addition, the yield, which is usually only 90 g, was improved to 120 g.
[0040]
Example 5: Cultivation of eringi (addition of fungi)
Sugi (cedar) large sawdust, bran, cocoon, corn cob and water, large sawdust: bran: cocoon: corn cob: water = 100: 17: 1.4: 0.5: 58 weight ratio of the base material (530 g), polypropylene After putting in a culture bottle (blobbin: 850 cc) and sterilizing the culture bottle according to a conventional method, inoculation with eringi (15 g) was inoculated. Then, this culture bottle was placed at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 50 days.
[0041]
Separately, the above-mentioned fungus bed base material containing mushroom inoculum (2 g) was prepared.
[0042]
The fungus bed material containing the fungus was added to a culture bottle inoculated with the inoculum of eringi, and the culture bottle was further placed at a temperature of 15 ° C. for 25 days.
[0043]
As a result, 120 g of fruiting bodies of eringi were obtained.
[0044]
In the case of this example, cultivation was carried out with 50 culture bottles. However, when the variation in the harvest date between the culture bottles was conventionally large, the variation in the harvest date was within 10 days. It was. In addition, the yield, which is usually only 90 g, was improved to 120 g.
[0045]
Example 6: Cultivation of coral agaric (addition of birch fungus)
A fungus bed substrate comprising hardwood sawdust, bran and water in a weight ratio of sawdust: brass: water = 100: 21: 55 was prepared. The fungus bed base material (530 g) was placed in 50 polypropylene culture bottles (blobbin: 850 cc) and sterilized according to a conventional method, and then inoculated with coral agaric inoculum (16 g). Then, this culture bottle was placed at a temperature of 25 ° C. for 50 days.
[0046]
Then, to the culture bottle inoculated with the inoculum of coral agaric, the inoculum of birch bamboo (3 g) was added, and 50 culture bottles were placed at 25 ° C. for 30 days. As a result, coral spider mushrooms germinated simultaneously within a specific period of about 7 days.
[0047]
Coral spider mushroom is one of the mushrooms that have difficulty in arranging the budding time, but the budding time can be made uniform by the method of this example.
[0048]
In the case of the present Example, when the variation in the harvest date between culture bottles was conventionally large, the variation in the harvest date was settled in the range within 7 days. Also, the yield, which is usually only 70 g, was improved to 110 g.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
Thus, according to the present invention, inoculating and coexisting inoculums of different types of mushrooms that bring out the potential viability of the cultivated mushrooms to the cultivation system of cultivated mushrooms for the purpose of harvesting, was the intended purpose. Even in industrial-scale mushroom cultivation using multiple fungal beds, it is possible to generate a large number of fruit body primordia of cultivated mushrooms from almost each of the multiple fungal beds. Efficiency and yield increase are realized.
[0050]
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to germinate even a kind of mushroom that was impossible or very difficult to cultivate by the conventional method of artificial cultivation of mushrooms depending on changes in the physical environment. There is expected.
[0051]
In addition, even rare species of mushrooms have the effect of consolidating their harvesting operations and increasing production.

Claims (7)

A fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms, wherein a cultivated mushroom inoculum and a cultivated mushroom inoculum of a different kind of mushroom coexist, and the cultivated mushroom inoculum by vegetative growth after inoculation The mycelium extends in the mycelium, and the inoculum of the heterologous mushroom is prepared separately from the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom and inoculated into the mycelium at the stage where the hyphae of the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom is extended In addition, the growth of the cultivated mushrooms is stimulated and promoted, and the fungus bed is obtained by inoculating the heterologous mushroom inoculum with the growth mode of the cultivated mushroom species from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. A fungus bed for cultivating mushrooms. 2. The fungus bed for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the cultivated mushroom is selected from the group consisting of Hanabiratake, Eringi and Coral Haritake . 3. The heterologous mushroom is larvae or spinach when the cultivated mushroom is ganabitake, the heterologous mushroom is amisukitake or mushroom when the cultivated mushroom is eringi, and the heterologous mushroom is birch moss when the cultivated mushroom is coral spinach Fungus bed for mushroom cultivation.   A method for cultivating mushrooms comprising the steps of: (a) inoculating a fungus bed substrate comprising a large sawdust and / or sawdust extract with an inoculum of the cultivated mushroom, and (b) of the inoculum of the cultivated mushroom Waiting for the hypha to elongate, adding to the fungus bed base material a different mushroom inoculum that stimulates and promotes the growth of the cultivated mushroom differently from the cultivated mushroom, A method for cultivating mushrooms, comprising: The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 4, wherein the cultivated mushroom is selected from the group consisting of Hanabiratake, Eringi and Coral Haritake . 6. The heterogeneous mushroom is larvae or spinach when the cultivated mushroom is Hanabiratake, the heterologous mushroom is Amisakitake or Mushroom when the cultivated mushroom is eringi, and the heterologous mushroom is birch bamboo when the cultivated mushroom is coral spinach How to grow mushrooms. The method for cultivating mushrooms according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the inoculum of the different mushrooms is added in the form of a suspension of bacterial cells .