CN106861701B - 一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000011858 nanopowder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCC#CCO DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QQZMWMKOWKGPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;dinitrate;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Cu+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SXTLQDJHRPXDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O GJKFIJKSBFYMQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
- C07C29/172—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds with the obtention of a fully saturated alcohol
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Abstract
一种纳米粉体镍催化剂为镍:助剂的质量比为1:0.1~0.375,所述的助剂是Cu、La、Ce中的一种。本发明具有高活性、高选择性,稳定性好,无污染的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种镍催化剂的制备方法和应用,具体涉及一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
1,4-丁炔二醇经加氢后生成1,4-丁二醇,是炔醛法合成1,4-丁二醇及下游重要化学品产业链的源头反应,对整个产业链的发展具有重要的作用。
HOCH2C≡CCH2OH+2H2→HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH
1,4-丁炔二醇加氢是一强放热反应,为使热量及时移出,通常采用悬浮床或淤浆床反应工艺,采用粉体镍催化剂。专利US3449445报道了Raney-Ni催化剂用于低压、50℃~60℃条件下1,4-丁炔二醇加氢制1,4-丁二醇过程。US2967893及US2948687则分别公开了Cu、Mo改性的Raney-Ni催化剂,用于在温度20℃~140℃,压力0MPa~2MPa条件下进行丁炔二醇加氢反应。
以上技术采有的均是Raney Ni或改性的Raney Ni催化剂,该类催化剂的制备,首先需要在高于1000℃的条件下制备镍-铝合金,不仅消耗大量能源,而且制备条件极难控制,难以控制合金的组成及最终产品的粒度,这进一步会对后续的催化剂造成较大的影响;镍-铝合金需要进一步采用高浓度的氢氧化钠将铝溶去,获得骨架Ni催化剂,这一过程又会产生大量的含碱废液,造成严重的环境污染。
发明内容
针对上述技术难题,本发明提供一种具有高活性、高选择性,稳定性好,无污染的纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法及在1,4-丁炔二醇加氢中的应用。
本发明催化剂组成为:镍:助剂的质量比为1:0.1~0.375。
所述的助剂是Cu、La、Ce中的一种。
本发明纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)取碱式碳酸镍、碳酸铵、可溶性助剂盐和表面活性剂,加入去离子水,搅拌下加热至45℃~55℃溶解,得到镍含量0.08g/mL~0.10g/mL,助剂含量0.01g/mL~0.03g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.01g/mL~0.02g/mL的混合水溶液,超声处理30min~60min;
(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值在10~11,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)所配溶液经超声雾化后与氢气混合,调节出雾流量与氢气流量之比为0.5~2:1,将混合气加热至300℃~400℃,在氢气氛下,雾化溶液脱除其中的水份,得到的盐前驱物热解为金属镍及助剂;
(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到最终产品。
步骤(1)所述碱式碳酸镍与碳酸铵质量比为1:0.64~0.77。
步骤(1)所述助剂盐为Cu、La、Ce的硝酸盐。
步骤(1)所述的表面活性剂选自聚乙二醇或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
本发明催化剂的应用包括如下步骤:
该催化剂适用于炔醛法合成1,4-丁二醇低压加氢过程,在淤浆态床或悬浮床反应器中,对含量28wt%~35wt%的1,4-丁炔二醇水溶液进行催化加氢,催化剂用量按每克原料取0.5g~1g催化剂,反应温度50℃~70℃,氢气压力0.5MPa~2MPa,反应时间2h~3h。可以使1,4-丁炔二醇转化率≥93%,1,4-丁二醇选择性≥98%。
与现有技术相比本发明的优点和效果:
(1)利用镍的氨络合物作为前驱物,可以通过雾化超声技术使液体形成蒸汽,后在氢气气氛下原位脱水、分解、还原得到镍与促进剂,实现了温和条件下高分散加氢催化剂的合成,催化剂在1,4-丁炔二醇加氢过程中表现出优异的催化性能。
(2)催化剂制备方法工艺简单,重复性好,易于操作,能耗低、环境友好,便于大规模工业化使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)取17.09g碱式碳酸镍与10.90g碳酸铵,3.8g三水合硝酸铜,1g聚乙二醇,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.08g/mL,助剂含量0.01g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.01g/mL的混合悬浮液,加热至45℃溶解,超声处理30min。向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为10,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至300℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为50mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜,(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂1#。催化剂组成为镍:助剂铜的质量比为1:0.125。
实施例2
(1)取21.36g碱式碳酸镍与16.55g碳酸铵,6.23g六水合硝酸镧,2g CTAB,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.10g/mL,助剂含量0.02g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.02g/mL的混合水溶液,加热至50℃溶解,后超声处理60min。(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为11,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至350℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为200mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂2#。由上述方法得到的催化剂,镍:镧的质量比为1:0.2。
实施例3
(1)取19.23g碱式碳酸镍与13.74g碳酸铵,9.30g六水合硝酸铈,2g聚乙二醇,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.09g/mL,助剂含量0.03g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.02g/mL的混合水溶液,加热至55℃溶解,后超声处理40min。(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为10.5,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至400℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为100mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜,(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂3#。由上述方法得到的催化剂,镍:铈的质量比为1:0.33。
实施例4
(1)取17.09g碱式碳酸镍与13.08g碳酸铵,7.61g三水合硝酸铜,1g CTAB,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.08g/mL,助剂含量0.02g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.01g/mL的混合水溶液,加热至45℃溶解,后超声处理50min。(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为10.5,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至300℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为50mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜,(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂4#。由上述方法得到的催化剂,镍:铜的质量比为1:0.25。
实施例5
(1)取21.36g碱式碳酸镍与13.63g碳酸铵,3.1g六水合硝酸铈,1g聚乙二醇,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.10g/mL,助剂含量0.01g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.01g/mL的混合水溶液,加热至55℃溶解,后超声处理30min。(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为10,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至400℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为100mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜,(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂5#。由上述方法得到的催化剂,镍:铈的质量比为1:0.1。
实施例6
(1)取17.09g碱式碳酸镍与12.21g碳酸铵,9.35g六水合硝酸镧,2g聚乙二醇,加入去离子水,得到100mL镍含量0.08g·mL-1,助剂含量0.03g·mL-1,表面活性剂含量0.02g·mL-1的混合水溶液,加热至50℃溶解,后超声处理60min。(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为11,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液。(3)将石英管温度加热至350℃,开启氢气,并开启超声雾化装置,调节出雾流量与氢气流量分别为200mL/min与100mL/min,使氢气与经雾化的溶液共同进入石英管,雾化后的液体在氢气氛下热解为金属镍及助剂铜,(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到催化剂6#。由上述方法得到的催化剂,镍:镧的质量比为1:0.375。
实施例7:
取上述1#-6#号催化剂在瘀浆床或悬浮床反应器中,对含量28wt%~35wt%的1,4-丁炔二醇水溶液进行催化加氢,催化剂用量按每克原料取0.5g~1g催化剂,反应温度50℃~70℃,氢气压力0.5MPa~2MPa,反应时间2h~3h。可以使1,4-丁炔二醇转化率≥93%,1,4-丁二醇选择性≥98%。具体的反应条件及结果见表1。
表1
Claims (5)
1.一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法,该催化剂组成为:镍:助剂的质量比为1:0.1~0.375,所述的助剂是Cu、La、Ce中的一种,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)取碱式碳酸镍、碳酸铵、可溶性助剂盐和表面活性剂,加入去离子水,搅拌下加热至45℃~55℃溶解,得到镍含量0.08g/mL~0.10g/mL,助剂含量0.01g/mL~0.03g/mL,表面活性剂含量0.01g/mL~0.02g/mL的混合水溶液,超声处理30min~60min;
(2)向溶液中加入浓氨水,调节pH值为10~11,得到均匀的氨络合物溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)所配溶液经超声雾化后与氢气混合,调节出雾流量与氢气流量之比为0.5~2:1,将混合气加热至300℃~400℃,在氢气氛下,雾化溶液脱除其中的水份,得到的盐前驱物热解为金属镍及助剂;
(4)雾化完成后,在氢气氛下降至室温,停止氢气,得到最终产品。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述碱式碳酸镍与碳酸铵质量比为1:0.64~0.77。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述助剂盐为Cu、La、Ce的硝酸盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)所述的表面活性剂为聚乙二醇或十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种纳米粉体镍催化剂的制备方法制备的催化剂的应用,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
催化剂用于炔醛法合成1,4-丁二醇低压加氢过程,在浆态床或悬浮床反应器中,对含量28wt%~35wt%的1,4-丁炔二醇水溶液进行催化加氢,催化剂用量按每克原料取0.5g~1g催化剂,反应温度50℃~70℃,氢气压力0.5 MPa~2 MPa,反应时间2h~3h。
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