CN106857133A - A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame - Google Patents
A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106857133A CN106857133A CN201510905854.9A CN201510905854A CN106857133A CN 106857133 A CN106857133 A CN 106857133A CN 201510905854 A CN201510905854 A CN 201510905854A CN 106857133 A CN106857133 A CN 106857133A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wiring
- layer
- branch
- cultivation
- result
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/04—Supports for hops, vines, or trees
- A01G17/14—Props; Stays
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of medlar cultivation hedge frame.Meanwhile, present invention also offers the medlar cultivation technology based on the hedge frame.Pergola cultivation method of the present invention, can improve tree body result height and space, raise result major branch, and the three-dimensional fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture prevents fruitful branch and slightly crawls, in earth's surface, to improve fruit yield, lifts fruit quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of medlar cultivation hedge frame.The invention further relates to a kind of matrimony vine based on the hedge frame
Cultivation technique.
Background technology
At present, the planting type of matrimony vine is generally common cultivation pattern.Under common cultivation pattern, by shaping
Pruning can at most cultivate 2 layers, if tree-like too high, hazards of sand storms will cause plant to be inclined with prevailing wind direction
Even lodge, large result branch is crawled in earth's surface, as a result after, the fruit contacted with earth's surface is substantially rotten to the corn,
A large amount of gruel decayed fruits go out of use during harvesting.Meanwhile, under common cultivation pattern, fruitful branch density is bigger, in Chinese holly
During Qi result, the ventilation and penetrating light of tree body will be had a strong impact on, all not only is caused to growing for fruit
Many unfavorable factors, and created favorable conditions to growing a large amount of pest and disease damages, cause Chinese wolfberry fruit yield to glide,
Quality decline.In addition, common cultivation pattern is also present, disease pest obstruction (preventing and treating) efficiency is low, harvest efficiency is low,
Prune the low problem of the efficiency of management.
The content of the invention
Problem is had based on common cultivation pattern, is endangered in dust storm it is an object of the invention to provide one kind
Chinese wolfberry fruit quality can be lifted under the conditions of evil and the cultivation hedge frame of yield is improved, and based on this
The cultural method of hedge frame.
Specifically, the invention provides a kind of medlar cultivation hedge frame, the hedge frame includes at least 2
Column, wiring is drawn per be further fixed between adjacent two root posts be arrangeding in parallel；Drawing wiring has three layers,
The ground floor being located at from earth's surface at 50~70cm is respectively from top to bottom to draw at wiring, 100~115cm
The third layer drawn at wiring, 150cm of the second layer draw wiring, meanwhile, draw per adjacent two layers wiring it
Between spacing be 40~50cm.
The invention provides a kind of matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology, it includes following operating procedure：
(1) hedge frame is set up：The hedge frame includes at least 2 root posts, also solid between every adjacent two root posts
Surely there is what is be arranged in parallel to draw wiring；Drawing wiring has three layers, is respectively is located at from earth's surface from top to bottom
The second layer that ground floor at 50~70cm draws at wiring, 100~115cm draws at wiring, 150cm
Three layers are drawn wiring, meanwhile, spacing is 40~50cm between wiring is drawn per adjacent two layers；
(2) ground floor cultivation：After the plantation of matrimony vine seedling, draw wiring height according to ground floor and do calmly, it is fixed dry
Highly draw wiring 10~15cm of height less than the layer, along 2 result major branches of wiring parallel direction culture are drawn, help
Result major branch is strengthened, and result major branch is strapped in the layer and drawn on wiring；Carried on the back on each result major branch simultaneously
Undershoot is all removed, and 1 back branch of selecting and remain is helped the strong basis as culture second layer result major branch, its
The remaining back branch branch as a result selected and remain, fruitful branch needs cutting back, cutting back height 15-20cm；Side shoot according to
The interaction of 10-15cm spacing is selected and remain, and cutting back in time；
(3) second layer cultivation：Second layer cultural method is to be tied up along drawing with reference to ground floor, difference
The result major branch quantity of line parallel direction culture is 4,2 inside cutting backs, and outside 2 are appropriate
Get rid of and put, but the coordinating and unifying is wanted with adjacent plant, as a result can not influence each other afterwards；Simultaneously in each result
Selected and remain on major branch 2 backs branch, and helped strong, as the basis of culture third layer result major branch；
(4) third layer cultivation：Third layer cultural method is that the layer is needed with reference to the second layer, difference
Bind；
(5) it is managed according to the normal cultivation technique of fruiting period, until fruit harvesting.
In the present invention, drawing wiring has three layers, and the be located at from earth's surface at 50~70cm is respectively from top to bottom
The third layer that one layer of second layer drawn at wiring, 100~115cm draws at wiring, 150cm draws wiring.
In actual use, drawing wiring height can be adjusted according to different cultivars, and three layers are drawn wiring
Height can have multiple combination mode, for example：(1) 50cm, 100cm, 150cm (each interval
50cm)；(2) 60cm, 105cm, 150cm (each interval 45cm), (3) 70cm, 110cm,
150cm (each interval 40cm).Mode, increment are planted in the small use (1st) of shoot current increment
Mode is planted in big use (3rd), and mode is planted in moderate use (2nd).
Further, in step (1), described three layers are drawn wiring and are respectively from top to bottom positioned at from earth's surface
The third layer that the second layer that ground floor at 60cm draws at wiring, 105cm draws at wiring, 150cm is drawn and is tied up
Line.
Further, the plant spacing of matrimony vine seedling is 1m × 3m.
Further, in step (2), heading height draws wiring height 15cm less than the layer.
Further, in step (4), the height that binds is for 160~170cm.
Wherein, it is of the present invention to draw wiring, refer to be fixed between column, can for matrimony vine fruitful branch or/
With line (rope) shape object that fruit provides load-bearing.
The material for drawing wiring of the present invention, can be enough to support fruitful branch and fruit weight to be defined, can be with
Use steel wire, it is also possible to draw the drawing of wiring using the cool contracting characteristic influence of thermal expansion of iron wire etc., but some materials
Tightness, therefore, present invention preferably uses steel wire.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, No. 8 steel wires have been used to be found as wiring, experiment is drawn, 8
The elasticity and intensity of number steel wire are best suitable for the cultivation of matrimony vine.
In the present invention, bondage method, can not bondage tension to pin down result major branch orientation, it is to avoid after
Binding strip causes to restrain influence after phase result major branch overstriking.
In the present invention, the number of column is the integer more than 2, if two ends column spacing is excessive, can be two
Column is installed additional between the column of end, and draw between wiring is fixed on the adjacent column of each two.Draw wiring to be arranged in parallel,
Refer to parallel with earth's surface.
" fixed dry " of the present invention, refers to that plant is pruned, upright, without side shoot to determine
Major branch.
" cutting back " of the present invention, refers to that branch is cut short, and leaves a part of branch and is grown.
Its Main Function is to promote its pumping young sprout, increases number of branches, to ensure tree vigo(u)r stalwartness and normal outcome.
" get rid of and put " of the present invention, also referred to as length put, it is slow put, refer to branch not pruning modes, be allowed to after
Continuous growth.Get rid of after putting, to appropriate season, depending on its growing way, space, then do corresponding position and bury.
The present invention can improve tree body result height and space compared with common cultivation method, raise result master
Branch, the three-dimensional fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture prevents fruitful branch and slightly crawls in earth's surface, improves fruit yield, lifting fruit
Real mass, specific advantage contrast is as follows：
(1) common cultivation method is used, if tree-like too high, hazards of sand storms will cause plant with prevailing wind direction
Incline and even lodge, large result branch is crawled in earth's surface, as a result after, the fruit contacted with earth's surface is substantially rotten
Rotten, a large amount of gruel decayed fruits go out of use during harvesting.Meanwhile, under common cultivation pattern, fruitful branch density is bigger,
During matrimony vine result, the ventilation and penetrating light of tree body will be had a strong impact on, not only growing for fruit is made
Into many unfavorable factors, and created favorable conditions to growing a large amount of pest and disease damages, cause Chinese wolfberry fruit yield
Glide, quality decline.
The present invention can be crawled down caused by thoroughly result is because of hazards of sand storms by pergola cultivation technology
Fruit erosion and quality decline problem caused by ground.Meanwhile, the present invention can be effectively increased the result of tree body
Space, reduces the distribution density of fruitful branch in the useful space, improves ventilation and penetrating light, is conducive to FRUCTUS LYCII
It is real to improve yield and lifting quality.
Present invention statistics finds, with totally fruit for total yield gauge, compared with common cultivation pattern, and the present invention
Volume increase is 34.34% after pergola cultivation technology, and this result shows that cultural method of the present invention is significantly better than commonly
Cultivation mode, yield has obtained the lifting of matter.
(2) under the conditions of common cultivation, branches and leaves density is big, and most of fruitful branch crawls, in earth's surface, to spray agriculture
Dead angle is more during medicine operation, once the sprinkling past, and medicament is difficult to be sprayed onto each position, it is necessary to human assistance
Or closely sprinkling can spray in place, therefore, labour cost is not only increased, also add medicament
Cost.
Under the conditions of pergola cultivation of the present invention, fruit-bearing shoot cluster distribution space is relatively large, and branches and leaves density is relatively small,
Earth's surface is substantially exposed not to have dead angle substantially outside during spraying pesticide operation, once sprinkling past, medicament base
Originally each position can be sprayed onto.Present invention statistics finds, using cultural method of the present invention, sprays insecticide
Efficiency significantly improves 16.18%, and saving spray dispenser agent 14.27% drastically increases labour cost
And pesticide dosage.
(3) under the conditions of common cultivation, large result branch is crawled in earth's surface, and workman is needed each fruitful branch
Harvesting is pulled up, and under the conditions of pergola cultivation, the phenomenon has been prevented substantially, workman can directly play waist and adopt
Pluck, picking rate can be improved, moreover it is possible to reduce labour intensity.
Present invention statistics finds that, relative to common cultivation technology, pergola cultivation technology of the present invention can make harvesting
Efficiency improves 10.25%, and it is 27.68 yuan/day that plucker increases income, significantly improves work effect
Rate and workman daily take in.
(4) in matrimony vine production process, dormant pruning occupies heavier ratio in labour cost, commonly
Under cultivation mode, fruitful branch density is big, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster space is small, and it is relatively low that workman prunes operation timeliness rate.
Present invention statistics finds, using pergola cultivation technology of the present invention, trimming the pruning efficiency improves 37.75%,
It is 94.85 yuan/day that people increases income, discards branch and reduces 19.90%, hence it is evident that better than common cultivation pattern.
It is a discovery of the invention that each layer draws wiring and the spacing drawn between wiring is not that inventor arbitrarily sets, and
Be by empirical cumulative for many years, and by it is substantial amounts of practice grope what is obtained, if the present invention setting height
The above-mentioned same effect of the present invention is unable to reach beyond degree scope at all：
(1) the minimum 50cm of ground floor, is determined according to the length of the cultivar innovation participated in the experiment,
If being less than 50cm, even New shoot growth amount is small then, and its branch will also crawl in earth's surface；If shoot
Increment is big, then need the minimum a height of 70cm of adjustment, just can guarantee that no branch is crawled in earth's surface, so that
Ensure fruit quality and yield etc..
(2) found according to substantial amounts of cultivation data statistics for many years, every layer of spacing distance drawn between wiring
Local space, local density to fruitful branch etc. have a significant impact, and interval is too small, then can reduce matrimony vine product
Amount and quality, interval are too big, then can unnecessarily increase the cultivation of seeds highly so that each sheaf space mistake
Greatly, unnecessary waste is caused to cost.Meanwhile, third layer draws wiring setting height is adopted according to fruit
When plucking, plucker's plucking height scope and determine, if too high, fruitful branch will beyond pluck work
The plucking height scope of people, or it is unfavorable for that workman plucks, so as to slow down its picking efficiency.Based on to upper
Considering for each side factor is stated, being spaced between finally determining every layer needs in 40~50cm, third layer
Draw wiring setting height for 150cm, found by contrast test, above-mentioned setting ensure that relatively low
Under time, manpower and financial cost, Chinese wolfberry fruit yield and quality, production efficiency are improved maximally efficiently
And the average daily income of workman etc..
Certainly, in the case of without departing substantially from spirit of the invention and its essence, those of ordinary skill in the art
Can according to the present invention make it is various be altered or modified accordingly, but these corresponding being altered or modified should all belong to
In protection scope of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 pergola cultivations and common cultivation matrimony vine tree property index comparison diagram
Fig. 2 pergola cultivations and common cultivation matrimony vine tree property fruitful branch spatial contrast figure
Fig. 3 pergola cultivations and common cultivation matrimony vine fruitful branch proterties comparison diagram
Fig. 4 pergola cultivations and common cultivation matrimony vine fruitful branch proterties comparison diagram
Fig. 5 hedge frame structural representations of the present invention, wherein, 1- columns, 2- draw wiring
Specific embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a kind of medlar cultivation hedge frame, including at least 2 root posts 1,
Draw wiring 2 per be further fixed between adjacent two root posts be arrangeding in parallel；Drawing wiring has three layers, from it is lower to
The upper ground floor being respectively at 50~70cm from earth's surface draws the second layer at wiring, 100~115cm
Draw the third layer at wiring, 150cm and draw wiring, meanwhile, spacing is between drawing wiring per adjacent two layers
40~50cm.
In actual use, drawing wiring height can be adjusted according to different cultivars.
The medlar cultivation method of the present invention of embodiment 1
1st, the foundation of hedge frame
Support post material is selected, and takes into full account the steadiness and input cost of support post, edge of a field two ends
Using concrete prefabricated column, 200cm high, length and width 10cm, built-in 2 Φ 8 reinforcing bars.
The plant spacing of matrimony vine plant is 1m × 3m, and the column of middle setting is configured by matrimony vine plant line space,
Column spacing 10m, line-spacing 3m.Depth is 50cm, using cement business's concrete placings, supporting steel wire knockout
Hole height is 60cm, 105cm, 150cm from earth's surface.After column plant, support is set up using 8# steel wires
Rack-layer (i.e. each layer draws wiring), knockout hole has been reserved per root post, steel wire is passed through into knockout hole, using tight
Line equipment is by Wire pulling.
2nd, specific culture technique
After planting seedlings, fixed dry according to ground floor hedge frame steel wire height, heading height is less than steel wire height 15cm,
Targetedly along 2 result major branches of steel wire parallel direction culture, the corresponding skill such as bud picking, heavy pruning is taken
Art, helps strong result major branch, and result major branch is strapped on steel wire, and bondage method is pining down result master
Branch orientation, can not bondage tension, it is to avoid binding strip causes contained influence after anaphase major branch overstriking.
While 1 back branch of being selected and remain on each result major branch, and helped strong, it is second layer result major branch
Culture is laid a solid foundation.
Second layer cultural method is essentially identical with ground floor, and simply result major branch is doubled, and becomes 4 results
Major branch, 2 inside cutting backs, 2 outside appropriate getting rid of are put, and the space for increasing fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture is wide
Degree, but the coordinating and unifying is wanted with adjacent plant, as a result can not influence each other afterwards.Simultaneously in each result master
Selected and remain on branch 2 backs branch, and helped strong, be that the culture of third layer result major branch is laid a solid foundation.
Third layer cultural method is essentially identical with the second layer, and being a difference in that to bind, and bind height
160~170cm, more than 170cm, can influence picking fruit, will influence the harvesting and field management of fruit, close
Key technology link is to remove back branch in time, reaches the effect for binding.
In the present invention, the culture of three-layered node fruit major branch need 3 years, 1 year one layer, the 1st, 2 years emphasis
Strong result major branch skeleton and fruit-bearing shoot cluster are helped, the back of the body undershoot on the result major branch skeleton selected and remain branch is all clear
Remove, the next layer of skeleton branch of back branch culture selected and remain, remaining back ramose root is selected and remain as knot according to space requirement
Fruit branch, the cutting back selected and remain, cutting back height 15-20cm；Side shoot is selected and remain according to space, 10-15cm spacing
Interaction is selected and remain, and cutting back in time.3rd year culture third layer, meanwhile, by binding, the measure such as cutting back,
Integrated regulation, balance tree vigo(u)r, are finally trained hedge and set up " face wall " formula solid fruitful branch for applying support
Group.After third layer culture is completed, it is managed according to the normal cultivation technique of fruiting period, in rest period
In pruning, the branch of excessive growth and irrational innovation are removed in time, irrational bondage material is changed in time,
Safeguard the basic structure of three-dimensional fruit-bearing shoot cluster skeleton.
The effect of cultural method of the present invention embodies following (with the conditions of the common cultivation that the same year transplants and hedge frame
Peaceful Qi 7 under cultivation condition is respondent, carries out the contrast of indices)：
1st, tree property contrast under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
Tree property statistical analysis table under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 1 and common cultivation
Under the conditions of pergola cultivation being can be seen that from Fig. 1, table 1, height of tree 187.1cm, tree crown radius 80.5cm,
90.0, fruitful branch, height of tree 86.6cm under the conditions of common cultivation, tree crown radius 75.3cm, fruitful branch 67.6
Branch.Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, each index of tree property is apparently higher than the index under the conditions of common cultivation.Pass through
Pergola cultivation technology is quoted, the height of tree improves 100.5cm, and tree crown radius increases 5.5cm, and fruitful branch increases by 22.4
It is individual.
As shown in Figure 2, matrimony vine fruitful branch distribution space is essentially cone, by fruitful branch space in research
Calculated by volume of cone, be as a result 1.270m under the conditions of pergola cultivation3, under the conditions of common cultivation only
0.599m3, fruitful branch space increases 0.671m3。
It is 72.612/m under the conditions of fruitful branch density pergola cultivation3, 125.882 under the conditions of common cultivation
/m3.Fruitful branch density is far longer than under the conditions of pergola cultivation under the conditions of common cultivation.Under the conditions of common cultivation,
Fruitful branch distribution space is small with respect to pergola cultivation 2.12 times, and fruitful branch is densely distributed, and fruit density is hedge frame
1.73 times of cultivation.Fruitful branch density is bigger, during matrimony vine result, will have a strong impact on the ventilation of tree body
Translucency, not only causes many unfavorable factors to growing for fruit, and to growing a large amount of pest and disease damages
Create favorable conditions, cause Chinese wolfberry fruit yield to glide, quality decline.Therefore, planted by quoting hedge frame
Training technology, can be effectively increased the result space of tree body, reduce the distribution density of fruitful branch in the useful space,
Ventilation and penetrating light is improved, is conducive to Chinese wolfberry fruit to improve yield and lifting quality.
2nd, fruitful branch character pair ratio under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
The supporting role applied is set up using hedge, the height of result major branch can be effectively raised, result major branch is tied up
It is tied on hedge frame steel wire, enhances the stability and fastness of result major branch, only fruit-bearing shoot cluster is not provided
Forcefully supporting role, also improves the height of fruit-bearing shoot cluster.After result, fruitful branch receives fruit weight
Power and it is sagging, set up under the supporting role applied in hedge, effectively result can slightly crawl asking in earth's surface
Topic, moreover it is possible to improve the ventilation and penetrating light between fruit-bearing shoot cluster, can increase substantially Chinese wolfberry fruit yield and carry
Chinese wolfberry fruit quality is risen, to promoting wolfberry industry upgrading synergy to be significant.
Fruitful branch proterties statistical form under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 2 and common cultivation
It can be seen from table 2, Fig. 3, under the conditions of pergola cultivation, fruitful branch is tied by supporting that hedge erection is applied
Fruit branch is long to can reach 74.16cm, and fruitful branch only 57.81cm long under the conditions of common cultivation.Matrimony vine bud
It is distributed at internode, fruitful branch is more long, internode number is more, and bud is more, and result quantities are consequently increased.
Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, it is 2 to crawl in the fruitful branch of earth's surface, rate of crawling 2.28%, from terms of each individual plant,
Crawl the fruitful branch in earth's surface it is most be 4, minimum 0, the rate of crawling is respectively 4.12% and 0%；And
Under the conditions of common cultivation, it is 44, rate of crawling 66.97%, from each individual plant to crawl in the fruitful branch of earth's surface
See, crawl to be maximum of up to 90 in the fruitful branch of earth's surface, minimum also there are 25, and the rate of crawling is respectively 80.43%
With 45.12%.
It can be seen from table 2, Fig. 4, under the conditions of pergola cultivation, fruitful branch is 56.57cm slightly away from ground level,
Maximum is 66.79cm, and minimum value is 49.14cm, and under the conditions of common cultivation, fruitful branch is slightly high away from earth's surface
It is -5.86cm to spend, and maximum is 9.97cm, and minimum value is -21.78cm；Minimum value from terms of each individual plant
See, under the conditions of pergola cultivation, fruitful branch is -12.14cm slightly away from ground level, and maximum is 0, minimum value
It is -20.00cm, under the conditions of common cultivation, fruitful branch is -57.44cm slightly away from ground level, and maximum is
- 47.30cm, minimum value is -68.30cm.
Crawl in the fruitful branch part of earth's surface, fruit is contacted with earth's surface, essentially useless fruit, fruit after maturation
It is not only most of rotten to the corn, but also a large amount of pest and disease damages are grown, heavy losses are caused to fruit yield and quality.
By quoting pergola cultivation technology, can thoroughly result branch crawl fruit caused by earth's surface it is rotten to the corn and
Quality decline problem.
3rd, fruit yield contrast under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
Fruit yield application form under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 3 and common cultivation
Fruit yield statistical form under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 4 and common cultivation
According to table 3,4 data, under the conditions of pergola cultivation, individual plant clean fruit 6499.2g, rotten decayed fruit 29.2g,
Rotten to the corn rate 0.45%, based on 222 plants/acre, in terms of totally really, fresh pod yield reaches 1442.82kg/ mus to yield,
In terms of rotten decayed fruit, fresh fruit loss is 6.48kg/ mus for loss.Under the conditions of common cultivation, the clean fruit of individual plant
4838.0g, rotten decayed fruit 1128g, rotten to the corn rate 23.62%, based on 222 plants/acre, yield in terms of totally really,
Fresh pod yield reaches 1074.04kg/ mus, loses in terms of rotten decayed fruit, and fresh fruit loss is 250.42kg/ mus.With
Clean fruit is total yield gauge, and volume increase is 34.34% after quoting pergola cultivation technology.
4th, prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control efficiency comparative under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
In matrimony vine production process, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is an important field labour operation, growth period,
Monthly carry out a pesticide spraying.At present, high atomisation mechanized equipment, power are used aborning
Equipment is parked in plant row two ends, and staff in tow along plant row spray insecticide by flexible pipe, when spraying insecticide
Every blade face and earth's surface will uniformly be sprayed in place, not stay dead angle, can reach efficient prevention effect.
Under study for action, take same equipment and carry out pesticide spraying operation with a collection of workman, by unit plane
The pharmaceutical quantities that the time and unit area that product is sprayed insecticide spray are contrasted, and pharmaceutical quantities are by molten with what is postponed
Liquid total amount meter, the difference of production efficiency between analysis pergola cultivation and common cultivation.
Prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control efficiency comparative under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 5 and common cultivation
Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, 6.31 mu/h of efficiency of spraying insecticide, mu dispenser dosage 15.45kg,
Under the conditions of common cultivation, 5.43 mu/h of efficiency of spraying insecticide, mu dispenser dosage 17.66kg.Pass through
Pergola cultivation technology is quoted, efficiency of spraying insecticide improves 16.18%, saving spray dispenser agent 14.27%.
Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, fruit-bearing shoot cluster distribution space is relatively large, and branches and leaves density is relatively small, earth's surface
Substantially exposed not have dead angle during spraying pesticide operation substantially outside, once sprinkling is gone over, and medicament substantially can
Enough it is sprayed onto each position.Under the conditions of common cultivation, branches and leaves density is big, and most of fruitful branch is crawled in ground
Table, dead angle is more during spraying pesticide operation, once the sprinkling past, and medicament is difficult to be sprayed onto each position, needs
Want human assistance or closely spray to spray in place, therefore, labour cost is not only increased, also
Increased reagent cost.
5th, the artificial picking efficiency contrast of fruit under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
Currently, Chinese wolfberry fruit is plucked and takes artificial Softening.Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, fruitful branch distribution
Density is relatively small, when plucking fruit, hedge can be relied on to set up the supporting role applied, and plucker's both hands are adopted
Pluck, and under the conditions of common cultivation, workman needs a hand to catch fruitful branch, fruit is plucked in another hand getting.
In addition, under the conditions of common cultivation, large result branch is crawled in earth's surface, workman needs to draw on each fruitful branch
Get up to pluck, and under the conditions of pergola cultivation, the phenomenon prevented substantially, workman can directly play waist harvesting,
Picking rate can be improved, moreover it is possible to reduce labour intensity.
The artificial picking efficiency contrast of fruit under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 6 and common cultivation
The fruit basket for plucking medlar fresh fruit is essentially 20kg or so, and experiment, as work is plucked, is pressed with a collection of workman
The time for plucking full 1 fruit basket is foundation, calculates picking efficiency, i.e. everyone harvesting amount per hour, is pressed
10h/ work days count, and calculate everyone day harvesting amount, and harvesting takes based on 3.00 yuan/kg, calculates everyone
Daily income.Upper table statistics shows, under the conditions of pergola cultivation, picking efficiency 9.92kg/h,
Day harvesting amount 99.24kg, pluck 297.72 yuan/people of income days, under the conditions of common cultivation, picking efficiency
9.00kg/h, day harvesting amount 90.01kg, pluck 270.03 yuan/people of income days.By pergola cultivation skill
The reference of art, picking efficiency improves 10.25%, and it is 27.68 yuan/day that plucker increases income.
6th, pruning efficiency comparative under the conditions of pergola cultivation and common cultivation
In matrimony vine production process, dormant pruning occupies heavier ratio, pergola cultivation bar in labour cost
Under part, the space shared by fruit-bearing shoot cluster is larger, and fruitful branch density is smaller, and highly of a relatively high, workman
In operation is pruned, efficiency will be improved.
Pruning efficiency comparative under the conditions of the pergola cultivation of table 7 and common cultivation
Using with a collection of workman, 10 plants of matrimony vines that the same year plant is pruned to rebuild are foundation, carry out two kinds of cultivations
The pruning efficiency contrast is rebuild under the conditions of training.Under the conditions of pergola cultivation, 22.28 plants/h of the pruning efficiency is repaiied day
Cut based on 10h, prune strain number and be 222.83 plants/people days, prune and take based on 1.50 yuan/plant, Gong Renshou
It is 334.25 yuan/people days to enter, and the discarded branch produced by 10 plants of matrimony vines is 5075g.Under the conditions of common cultivation,
16.75 plants/h of the pruning efficiency, day is pruned based on 10h, is pruned strain number and is 167.53 plants/people days, is pruned
Based on 1.50 yuan/plant, workman's income is 251.30 yuan/people days to expense, the discarded branch produced by 10 plants of matrimony vines
It is 6085g.By the reference of pergola cultivation technology, trimming the pruning efficiency improves 37.75%, and people increases receipts
It is 94.85 yuan/day to enter, and discards branch and reduces 19.90%.
Conclusion
Pergola cultivation method of the present invention, can improve tree body result height and space, raise result major branch,
The three-dimensional fruit-bearing shoot cluster of culture, prevents fruitful branch and slightly crawls, in earth's surface, to improve fruit yield, lifts fruit matter
Amount；It is in particular in：The height of tree improves 100.5cm, and tree crown radius increases 5.5cm, and fruitful branch increases by 22.4
Individual, fruitful branch space increases 0.671m3, 53.27/m of fruitful branch density reduction3；Fruitful branch crawl rate from
66.97% is reduced to 2.28%, crawls to be reduced to 2 from 44 in the fruitful branch of earth's surface, fruitful branch slightly away from
Ground level improves 62.43cm；Totally fruit increases 1661.2g/ plants to individual plant, and rotten decayed fruit reduces 1098.8g/
Strain, rotten to the corn rate drops to 0.45% from 23.62%, with totally fruit for total yield gauge, volume increase 34.34%, if
During rotten decayed fruit also included into total output, it is 9.43% to increase production；Efficiency of spraying insecticide improves 16.18%,
Saving spray dispenser agent 14.27%；Picking efficiency improves 10.25%, and it is 27.68 yuan that plucker increases income
/ day；Trimming the pruning efficiency improves 37.75%, and it is 94.85 yuan/day that people increases income, discards branch and reduces
19.90%.
The medlar cultivation method of the present invention of embodiment 2
1st, the foundation of hedge frame
Support post material is selected, and takes into full account the steadiness and input cost of support post, edge of a field two ends
Using concrete prefabricated column, 200cm high, length and width 10cm, built-in 2 Φ 8 reinforcing bars.
The plant spacing of matrimony vine plant is 1m × 3m, and the column of middle setting is configured by matrimony vine plant line space,
Column spacing 10m, line-spacing 3m.Depth is 50cm, using cement business's concrete placings, supporting steel wire knockout
Hole height is 50cm, 100cm, 150cm from earth's surface.After support post plant, set up using 8# steel wires
Support rack-layer, has reserved knockout hole per root post, and steel wire is passed through into knockout hole, using tension device by steel
Silk is tensed.
70cm, 110cm, 150cm (each interval 40cm).
2nd, specific culture technique
After planting seedlings, fixed dry according to ground floor hedge frame steel wire height, heading height is less than steel wire height 15cm,
Targetedly along 2 result major branches of steel wire parallel direction culture, the corresponding skill such as bud picking, heavy pruning is taken
Art, helps strong result major branch, and result major branch is strapped on steel wire, and bondage method is pining down result master
Branch orientation, can not bondage tension, it is to avoid binding strip causes contained influence after anaphase major branch overstriking.
While 1 back branch of being selected and remain on each result major branch, and helped strong, it is second layer result major branch
Culture is laid a solid foundation.
Second layer cultural method is essentially identical with ground floor, and simply result major branch is doubled, and becomes 4 results
Major branch, 2 inside cutting backs, 2 outside appropriate getting rid of are put, and the space for increasing fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture is wide
Degree, but the coordinating and unifying is wanted with adjacent plant, as a result can not influence each other afterwards.Simultaneously in each result master
Selected and remain on branch 2 backs branch, and helped strong, be that the culture of third layer result major branch is laid a solid foundation.
Third layer cultural method is essentially identical with the second layer, and being a difference in that to bind, and bind height
160~170cm, more than 170cm, can influence picking fruit, will influence the harvesting and field management of fruit, close
Key technology link is to remove back branch in time, reaches the effect for binding.
The medlar cultivation method of the present invention of embodiment 3
1st, the foundation of hedge frame
Support post material is selected, and takes into full account the steadiness and input cost of support post, edge of a field two ends
Using concrete prefabricated column, 200cm high, length and width 10cm, built-in 2 Φ 8 reinforcing bars.
The plant spacing of matrimony vine plant is 1m × 3m, and the column of middle setting is configured by matrimony vine plant line space,
Column spacing 10m, line-spacing 3m.Depth is 50cm, using cement business's concrete placings, supporting steel wire knockout
Hole height is 70cm, 110cm, 150cm from earth's surface.After support post plant, set up using 8# steel wires
Support rack-layer, has reserved knockout hole per root post, and steel wire is passed through into knockout hole, using tension device by steel
Silk is tensed.
2nd, specific culture technique
After planting seedlings, fixed dry according to ground floor hedge frame steel wire height, heading height is less than steel wire height 15cm,
Targetedly along 2 result major branches of steel wire parallel direction culture, the corresponding skill such as bud picking, heavy pruning is taken
Art, helps strong result major branch, and result major branch is strapped on steel wire, and bondage method is pining down result master
Branch orientation, can not bondage tension, it is to avoid binding strip causes contained influence after anaphase major branch overstriking.
While 1 back branch of being selected and remain on each result major branch, and helped strong, it is second layer result major branch
Culture is laid a solid foundation.
Second layer cultural method is essentially identical with ground floor, and simply result major branch is doubled, and becomes 4 results
Major branch, 2 inside cutting backs, 2 outside appropriate getting rid of are put, and the space for increasing fruit-bearing shoot cluster culture is wide
Degree, but the coordinating and unifying is wanted with adjacent plant, as a result can not influence each other afterwards.Simultaneously in each result master
Selected and remain on branch 2 backs branch, and helped strong, be that the culture of third layer result major branch is laid a solid foundation.
Third layer cultural method is essentially identical with the second layer, and being a difference in that to bind, and bind height
160~170cm, more than 170cm, can influence picking fruit, will influence the harvesting and field management of fruit, close
Key technology link is to remove back branch in time, reaches the effect for binding.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of medlar cultivation hedge frame, it is characterised in that：It includes at least 2 root posts, per adjacent
Be further fixed on be arrangeding in parallel between two root posts draws wiring；Drawing wiring has three layers, is respectively from top to bottom
The second layer that ground floor at 50~70cm from earth's surface draws at wiring, 100~115cm draw wiring,
Third layer at 150cm draws wiring, meanwhile, spacing is 40~50cm between wiring is drawn per adjacent two layers.
2. a kind of matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology, it is characterised in that：It includes following operating procedure：
(1) hedge frame is set up according to claim 1；
(2) ground floor cultivation：After the plantation of matrimony vine seedling, draw wiring height according to ground floor and do calmly,
Heading height draws wiring 10~15cm of height less than the layer, and 2 result masters of wiring parallel direction culture are drawn on edge
Branch, helps strong result major branch, and result major branch is strapped in into the layer and draw on wiring；Simultaneously in each result master
Carry on the back undershoot on branch all to remove, 1 back branch of selecting and remain is helped strengthen as culture second layer result major branch
Basis, back that remaining is selected and remain branch branch as a result, fruitful branch needs cutting back, cutting back height 15-20cm；Side
Ramose root is selected and remain according to the interaction of 10-15cm spacing, and cutting back in time；
(3) second layer cultivation：With reference to ground floor, difference is second layer cultural method, edge
It is 4,2 inside cutting backs, outside 2 to draw the result major branch quantity of wiring parallel direction culture
Appropriate getting rid of is put, but wants the coordinating and unifying with adjacent plant, as a result can not be influenced each other afterwards；Simultaneously at each
As a result selected and remain on major branch 2 backs branch, and helped strong, as the basis of culture third layer result major branch；
(4) third layer cultivation：Third layer cultural method is to be somebody's turn to do with reference to the second layer, difference
Layer needs to bind；
(5) it is managed according to the normal cultivation technique of fruiting period, until fruit harvesting.
3. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (1)
In, described three layers draw wiring be respectively from top to bottom the ground floor being located at from earth's surface at 50cm draw wiring,
The third layer that the second layer at 100cm draws at wiring, 150cm draws wiring.
4. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (1)
In, described three layers draw wiring be respectively from top to bottom the ground floor being located at from earth's surface at 60cm draw wiring,
The third layer that the second layer at 105cm draws at wiring, 150cm draws wiring.
5. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (1)
In, described three layers draw wiring be respectively from top to bottom the ground floor being located at from earth's surface at 70cm draw wiring,
The third layer that the second layer at 110cm draws at wiring, 150cm draws wiring.
6. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Matrimony vine seedling
Seeding row spacing be 1m × 3m.
7. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (2)
In, heading height draws wiring height 15cm less than the layer.
8. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Step (4)
In, the height that binds is for 160~170cm.
9. the matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 2~6 any one, it is characterised in that：
The wiring that draws is for steel wire or iron wire.
10. matrimony vine pergola cultivation technology according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The steel wire
Model 8.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510905854.9A CN106857133A (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510905854.9A CN106857133A (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106857133A true CN106857133A (en) | 2017-06-20 |
Family
ID=59236647
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510905854.9A Pending CN106857133A (en) | 2015-12-10 | 2015-12-10 | A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106857133A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109348967A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 刘志虎 | A kind of simple pruning method of fructus lycii tree |
| CN110036817A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-23 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of fructus lycii plantation and picking method based on picking auxiliary net |
| CN110583341A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-20 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | Planting method for Chinese wolfberry in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN113728860A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631094A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 买日江·热西堤 | Double layer shelf for grape and culture method thereof |
| CN101023730A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 李国华 | Fruit tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN102138484A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-03 | 扬州大学 | Shaping and trimming method of crowns of pear trees |
| CN104982295A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-21 | 贵州省仁怀市雨中花中药材种植有限公司 | Planting method for fast-growing lycium barbarum |
-
2015
- 2015-12-10 CN CN201510905854.9A patent/CN106857133A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1631094A (en) * | 2004-12-30 | 2005-06-29 | 买日江·热西堤 | Double layer shelf for grape and culture method thereof |
| CN101023730A (en) * | 2007-04-04 | 2007-08-29 | 李国华 | Fruit tree shaping and trimming method |
| CN102138484A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-03 | 扬州大学 | Shaping and trimming method of crowns of pear trees |
| CN104982295A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-21 | 贵州省仁怀市雨中花中药材种植有限公司 | Planting method for fast-growing lycium barbarum |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 董桂芬: "枸杞栽培和管理技术", 《河北农业》 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109348967A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-02-19 | 刘志虎 | A kind of simple pruning method of fructus lycii tree |
| CN110036817A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-23 | 北方民族大学 | A kind of fructus lycii plantation and picking method based on picking auxiliary net |
| CN110036817B (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2021-12-21 | 北方民族大学 | Lycium chinense planting and picking method based on picking auxiliary net |
| CN110583341A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2019-12-20 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞工程技术研究所 | Planting method for Chinese wolfberry in severe saline-alkali soil |
| CN113728860A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-03 | 宁夏农林科学院枸杞科学研究所 | Simplified wolfberry tree form and culture method thereof |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Robinson et al. | Modifying apple tree canopies for improved production efficiency | |
| CN105850587B (en) | A kind of cultural method of dragon fruit standardization | |
| CN105900770B (en) | A kind of method of hedge wall mode cultivation fructus lycii | |
| CN103430806B (en) | Reshaping and cultivating method of pear tree with single trunk and two main branches | |
| CN104365465B (en) | The interplanting device and its cultural method of Herba Dendrobii and Herba Anoectochili roxburghii | |
| CN106258766A (en) | The facility cultivation method of large cherry twice fruit of 1 year knot | |
| CN105638374B (en) | A kind of pomegranate cultural method | |
| CN107258270A (en) | A kind of double-deck implantation methods of dragon fruit | |
| CN104160913A (en) | Method for cultivating sunshine rose grapes in labor-saving mode | |
| CN109362501A (en) | The penetrating frame shape cultural method of passion fruit | |
| CN104642040B (en) | A kind of cultivation of fruit tree method of result ahead of time | |
| CN106857133A (en) | A kind of medlar cultivation technology of medlar cultivation with hedge frame and based on the hedge frame | |
| CN104920150A (en) | Close planting date garden tree form improving method | |
| CN106069564A (en) | Produce and go sightseeing to pluck the kyoto grape Labor-saving cultural method taken into account | |
| CN104855230B (en) | Type A pipe frame type dwarf close planting cultivation method of dragon fruit | |
| CN106912344A (en) | The pruning of pear tree and management method | |
| CN108849081A (en) | A kind of built device, built method and implantation methods for promoting balsam pear to do sth. in advance to get bumper crops | |
| CN104206221A (en) | Improved Y-shaped rack-type cultivation method for sweet-scented osmanthus pear trees | |
| CN1631094A (en) | Double layer shelf for grape and culture method thereof | |
| CN109429649A (en) | A kind of cultural method of facility grape | |
| CN109315163A (en) | A kind of method of Chinese Fir Seed Orchards elite stand shortening trimming high yield | |
| CN205408888U (en) | Be fit for cultivation in north height, width, grape trellis hangs down | |
| CN208956562U (en) | A kind of company arch frame | |
| CN205196516U (en) | Hedge frame is used in matrimony vine cultivation | |
| CN104920081A (en) | Pear seedling orchard establishment method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20170620 |