CN106856721A - A kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method - Google Patents
A kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106856721A CN106856721A CN201710191631.XA CN201710191631A CN106856721A CN 106856721 A CN106856721 A CN 106856721A CN 201710191631 A CN201710191631 A CN 201710191631A CN 106856721 A CN106856721 A CN 106856721A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method, the method is completed by observation and bulb low temperature vernalization temperature controlling step in the preparation of vernalization bulb, vernalization bulb storage, bulb vernalization storehouse, the method is by temperature, temperature range and Changing Pattern needed for Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization, by relative humidity and illumination control measure the time required to vernalization, during bulb vernalization, it is China's tulip anti-season forcing culture, artificial vernalization treatment bulb provides exercisable parameter and measure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method.
Background technology
Tulip is world's famous flower, belongs to the short-lived flowering bulb plant of class of Liliaceae Tulipa, scientific name：Tulipa
Gesneriana, English name：Tulip.The kind of existing cultivation be by hybridization, bud mutation and wild species select etc. kind group
Into, its kind it is on the books up to more than 10,000, it is existing to have more than 400 as what commodity bulb was promoted.Holland is that Introducing Some Cultivars of Tulipa Gesneriana is tamed and dociled
Change cultivation and the most successful country of breed of variety, existing more than 300 years history.Oneself is each in the world extensively as flower culture for tulip
State's popularizing planting.China is very short as flowers introducing and planting tulip history, since the eighties initial stage in last century, later by
Gradually promoted in the whole nation, its tulip seed balls used is completely dependent on import, tulip ecological and biological characteristic is not yet recognized completely
In the case of, many tulip fans of China, once a large amount of introduction and acclimatization cultivation tulips in China, attempted production root tuber of aromatic turmeric
Fragrant commodity bulb, has been subjected to the year more than 30, due to climatic factor, there is no tulip seed balls to produce base in current China
Ground, tulip seed balls used by China still rely on import, and China's tulip seed balls breed the subject matter existed with production, are to strongly fragrant
Jin Xiang cultivations aspect blindness is big, and we have carried out numerous studies work from the basis of tulip ecological and biological characteristic now
Make, tentatively grasped its key property, and using the principle of agroclimate theory of similarity, have selected China tulip original producton location Xinjiang
The Zhaosu County of low temperature semiarid climate type, breeds and production base as China's tulip seed balls.Progress has been made at present,
It is expected to be built into China's tulip seed balls from now on and breeds and production base.
Tulip in its natural state, can only bloom in early spring, and tulip forcing culture is that requirement is done sth. in advance in the winter time or prolonged
Bloomed after early spring season of flowers afterwards, so tulip forcing culture has to pass through its bulb " dormancy ", " precooling ", low temperature vernalization
Deng the treatment of growing stage, could smoothly be bloomed after bulb cultivation, Frequency of Bulb In Tulip each growing stage by will be strict
Carried out with biological regularity by its ecology, wherein certain stage of development does not pass through, and the next stage of development will extend or stop
Carry out.Tulip forcing culture is one of main Land use systems that tulip seed balls are developed, and is also cold abundant China
Season flower variety resource important means.Intelligent greenhouse, New Year's Day, spring in China's cold season can be used by the bulb of artificial treatment
The traditional festivals such as section, Valentine's Day, International Working Women's Day and Clear and Bright carry out forcing culture plantation, are mainly used as cut-flower, potted flower；Can also be
The provinces and cities such as Guangxi of China's south subtropicses, Guangdong, Fujian and the Taibei carry out the outdoor cultivation of anti-season；Delay to bloom and be used primarily in
The area forcing culture such as high mountain, plateau, high latitude of low temperature.
Current China has been introduced into the tulip forcing culture new stage, and especially the Subtropic of China Yangtze river basin is each big-and-middle
Tulip forcing culture has widely been carried out in city, and using nature bulb, treatment still suffers from many key technical problems and urgently solves
Certainly, one of them is the ecological condition control of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization treatment.If using having passed through the domestic of " dormancy "
Bulb, or external nature bulb is introduced, bulb must can just carry out forcing culture, Frequency of Bulb In Tulip by low temperature vernalization treatment
The condition of low temperature vernalization treatment is mainly the control of suitable low temperature, temperature range and required time.Current China there is no and can grasp
The code of work and specific operation scheme, occur blooming that irregular, flower is small, scape is short, blind bloom rate is high, very cause after bulb cultivation
The serious problems such as disease.These are key issues in the urgent need to address during the current forcing culture of China is produced.
Tulip low temperature vernalization, tulip is a kind of ephemeroid, and long term growth is rainy in summer hot and dry weather, Winter-Spring
Snow and in the ecological environment of severe cold, so low temperature is the ecological condition that its growing process has to pass through, vernalization is plant in low temperature
Under the conditions of can shorten nutrition organs growth period, accelerate generative growth phase occur；Meanwhile, low temperature can make the starch of storage in bulb
Material is converted into Soluble Monosaccharide or disaccharide in the presence of enzyme strengthens its cold resistance.Tulip forcing culture plantation before, squama
Stem with suitable low temperature and must be enough to, by the time required for low temperature vernalization, could smoothly be bloomed after tulip plantation, low
Warm vernalization temperature height and time length can all influence the normal of tulip to bloom.Confirmed by putting into practice, each kind needs low
Temperature and time are all variant.Therefore in forcing culture, it is necessary to be familiar with the ecological habit of kind, forcing culture can be only achieved pre-
The effect of phase.
The principle that Frequency of Bulb In Tulip vernalization method determines：It must be seen in the climate type habitat of tulip original producton location
Test is tested, and the data representative and authenticity of ability collected by it, is matched with tulip ecological and biological characteristic, its institute
Take result science it is reliable, simple to operate.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim at a kind of, there is provided Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method, the method be prepared by vernalization bulb,
Observation and bulb low temperature vernalization temperature controlling step are completed in vernalization bulb storage, bulb vernalization storehouse, and the method is by strongly fragrant
Temperature, temperature range needed for golden androconium stem low temperature vernalization and Changing Pattern, by relative the time required to vernalization, during bulb vernalization
Humidity and illumination control measure, are China's tulip anti-season forcing culture, and artificial vernalization treatment bulb provides exercisable
Parameter and measure.
A kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method of the present invention, follow these steps to carry out：
A, vernalization bulb prepare：The bulb bulb of vernalization be by summer high temperature rest period, the Organ Differentiation such as bud with
After formation, vernalization treatment is carried out；
B, vernalization are put in storage with bulb：The bulb of dormancy will be passed through by kind dress basket, thickness 15cm, bulb is uniformly felt
By low temperature；And be listed, in case variet complexity；Vernalization storehouse uses fresh-keeping warehouse；Bulb basket code 5-6 floor heights, the spacing of two rows
50cm, favourable cross-ventilation and inspection；
Observed in c, bulb vernalization storehouse：From with meteorological maximum thermometer, minimum thermometer and thermohygrometer, daily
1 timing is observed record to bulb vernalization storehouse temperature and humidity；
D, bulb low temperature vernalization temperature control：Bulb by dormancy is put into the fresh-keeping warehouse got ready, is entered fresh-keeping
Sterilized or dressed seed with carbendazim powder with 0.2% formalin during storehouse, its temperature control：Incipient stage is controlled in 12 DEG C, scope
14 DEG C -10 DEG C, 21 days time；Mid-term temperature control is in 7 DEG C, 10 DEG C -4 DEG C of scope, 22 days time；Latter temperature is controlled 2.5
DEG C, 4 DEG C -1 DEG C of scope, 25 days time, relative humidity is controlled 55% -65%；Dark condition is kept in storehouse；Periodically ventilation, when
When relative humidity ＞ is more than 70-80%, opening door and window ventilation, or open ventilating fan ventilation reduces humidity, and bulb was by 68 days
Vernalization treatment can Blooming forcing culture；Controlled at -2 DEG C--6 DEG C by the bulb storage temperature of low temperature vernalization.
Relative humidity is 60% in step c.
It is aerated during relative humidity ＞ more than 70% in fresh-keeping warehouse in step c, ventilation is stopped during relative humidity ＜ 60%.
A kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method of the present invention, the low temperature vernalization in the method is tulip growth
The cold stage that growth course has to pass through, the starch material for storing bulb changes into Soluble Monosaccharide in the effect of enzyme
Or disaccharide, strengthen cold resistance, shorten nutrient growth, accelerate reproductive growth；Determine the principle of vernalization method：Tulip must be selected
Carried out in the habitat of original producton location；The foundation that low temperature vernalization temperature and time determines：Tulip is cultivated in its original producton location, bulb is taken root hair
It is temperature of the bulb by vernalization, 60 days time that bud starts to plough horizon the ground temperature before freezing；And temperature change be by
Height is to the low rule for gradually reducing.The present invention passes through for many years under the habitat of China tulip original producton location, to Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature
The essence of vernalization, vernalization temperature and required time determine principle and foundation, system research have been carried out, so as to obtain root tuber of aromatic turmeric androconium
Stem.
Low temperature vernalization temperature and time determines foundation：
Tulip vernalization temperature is mainly cryogenic conditions.Original producton location, winter plough horizon temperature are grown according to tulip
Degree is cardinal temperature of the bulb by low temperature vernalization.By being seen in tulip original producton location Urumchi San Ping regional cultures for many years
Survey：Tulip autumn takes root phase beginning in early October, 16.6 DEG C of temperature, in 10 months, last ten-days period temperature drop to 13.4-7.9 DEG C,
Its peak period of taking root, 7.9 DEG C of late October temperature, be gradually decreased to -0.5 DEG C of mid-December (being topsoil solidification point) with
Under, topsoil is frozen.Bulb is moved to indoor growing by this period, heats 14 DEG C~17 DEG C, is grown by 33 days,
Bud is colored to be waited to open, and the temperature for being indicated above mid-October to mid-December is substantially temperature of the Frequency of Bulb In Tulip by vernalization
Degree, the time is more than 60 days.It is confirmed that Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization temperature is by the rule for gradually reducing high.Also demonstrate,prove simultaneously
Real Frequency of Bulb In Tulip is had started to by the period of vernalization in original producton location before soil is frozen, and starch material in bulb has turned
Chemical conversion monose and disaccharide, after showing that soil is frozen, bulb is also frozen freshwater mussel mentioned in ancient books, even if plough horizon temperature be down to -6 DEG C~-
At 10 DEG C, bulb is still safe, seen as when early spring snow melting, bulb thaws extensive during ＞ -0.5 DEG C of the soil moisture without freeze injury
Vim complex, starts to emerge.
Low temperature grows influence on tulip：
Frequency of Bulb In Tulip structural constituent, is mainly made up of starch material, bulb in order to adapt to low temperature environment, so in bulb
Under cryogenic, by the effect of enzyme, it is Soluble Monosaccharide or double that its starch material is gradated to the starch material of storage
Sugar, to increase its winter resistance.Confirmed by testing, not by the bulb of low temperature vernalization treatment, especially bud, in -6 DEG C of low temperature
Under, differentiated bud is subject to freeze injury in bulb, produces blind bloom, or bulb dehydration to rot after cultivation；Vernalization treatment is passed through
Bulb is not subject to freeze injury at -6 DEG C, and bulb is safe；Bulb starts to be subject to freeze injury at ＞ -10 DEG C, so -10 DEG C is strongly fragrant
Critical-temperature of the golden androconium stem by freeze injury.
The ecological condition of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip vernalization：
(1) determination of bulb vernalization temperature and time：According to tulip original producton location, bulb is by vernalization in its natural state
Temperature, be the rule for gradually reducing from high to low, and the temperature before winter plough horizon is frozen, be that Frequency of Bulb In Tulip leads to
This principle of the cardinal temperature in the period of vernalization is crossed, accordingly, 10 has been carried out according to original producton location bulb vernalization temperature changing regularity
The vernalization of kind bulb is tested, and vernalization temperature and time is as shown in the table：
Frequency of Bulb In Tulip vernalization temperature and time table
As a result：As shown in upper table, bulb is gradually decreased to 10 DEG C by vernalization initial stage (precooling stage) temperature by 14 DEG C, averagely
12 DEG C, 21 days time；Vernalization mid-term temperature is down to 4 DEG C, average 7 DEG C, 22 days time by 10 DEG C；Vernalization latter temperature is by 4 DEG C of drops
To 1 DEG C, average 2.5 DEG C, 25 days time, vernalization process time 68 days.The vernalization bulb is planted for -15 days on the 9th respectively in December
Plant, soil moistening, 12 DEG C -15 DEG C of farming temperature control are kept during plantation；Illumination more than 8 hours；Emerge within 8-10 days after plantation,
The difference of the temperature height given due to kind and breeding time after emerging, was successively bloomed within 20-37 days respectively.Thus demonstrate,prove
Vernalization temperature, temperature changing regularity that bright experiment determines, and by being reliable the time required to vernalization.
(2) damp condition：The relative humidity of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip vernalization treatment keeps 55% -65%, and humidity was inadequate at that time
When, plastic foil can be spread in fresh-keeping warehouse, its surrounding is placed with fragment of brick, forms an on-swimmer's pool, and its size is with humidity height
It is fixed, clean water is poured into its pond, use humidometer Relative Humidity Measuring.
(3) illumination control：During Frequency of Bulb In Tulip vernalization, dark condition in fresh-keeping warehouse is kept, it is to avoid bulbec is received in bulb
Downward stem is produced to bear downward ball to the stimulation of light.
(4) divulge information：Timing ventilation is taken a breath, relative humidity in control fresh-keeping warehouse, is the key that anti-bulb breaks out mould disease
Measure, as relative humidity ＞ more than 70% in storehouse, should open door and window, or open ventilating fan ventilation.
(5) bulb sterilization：Formalin before bulb storage with 2 ‰ is sterilized, or is dressed seed with carbendazim.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
The method of the invention can be used on the vast territory in China's middle subtropical zone, north subtropical and the south temperate zone to north temperate zone
Cold season carries out forcing culture in advance, such as New Year's Day, the Spring Festival, Valentine's Day, International Working Women's Day and the Ching Ming Festival red-letter day production Fresh Cutting flower supply
Answer market；Also the outdoor forcing culture of cold season can be carried out in provinces and cities such as the Guangxi of China's south subtropicses, Guangdong, Fujian and the Taibei, had
Gymnastics follow these steps to carry out：
A, vernalization bulb prepare：The bulb bulb of vernalization be by summer high temperature rest period, the Organ Differentiation such as bud with
After formation, vernalization treatment is carried out, strictly carried out by tulip soil individual development, i.e.,：Bulb after to dormancy is solved
Observation is cutd open, when the column cap of bud three is clearly visible, it was demonstrated that bulb has passed through dormancy, at this moment can be carried out at the vernalization of bulb
Reason；
B, vernalization are put in storage with bulb：The bulb of dormancy will be passed through by kind dress basket, thickness 15cm, bulb is uniformly felt
By low temperature；And be listed, in case variet complexity；Vernalization storehouse uses fresh-keeping warehouse；Bulb basket code 5-6 floor heights, the spacing of two rows
50cm, favourable cross-ventilation and inspection；
Observed in c, bulb vernalization storehouse：From with meteorological maximum thermometer, minimum thermometer and thermohygrometer, daily
1 timing is observed record to bulb vernalization storehouse temperature and humidity, to regulate and control the temperature and humidity of fresh-keeping warehouse at any time, makes
Its control is in warm, the wet scope of setting；
D, bulb low temperature vernalization temperature control：Bulb by dormancy is put into the fresh-keeping warehouse got ready, is entered fresh-keeping
Sterilized or dressed seed with carbendazim powder with 0.2% formalin during storehouse, the temperature of bulb vernalization treatment must be followed strictly by height
The rule for gradually reducing is carried out, the time required to ensureing each temperature stage, its temperature control：Incipient stage is controlled in 12 DEG C, model
Enclose 14 DEG C -10 DEG C, 21 days time；Mid-term temperature control is in 7 DEG C, 10 DEG C -4 DEG C of scope, 22 days time；Latter temperature control exists
2.5 DEG C, 4 DEG C -1 DEG C of scope, 25 days time, relative humidity is controlled 60%；Dark condition is kept in storehouse；Periodically ventilation, works as phase
During to humidity ＞ more than 70-80%, opening door and window ventilation, or open ventilating fan ventilation reduces humidity, relative humidity ＜
Stop ventilation when 60%, bulb can Blooming forcing culture by the vernalization treatment of 68 days.
Embodiment 2
The present invention can be used on and delay forcing culture of blooming, and delay forcing culture of blooming mainly with high mountain, the plateau for having low temperature
And high latitude area tourist attractions, scenic spot or special using spend forcing culture, concrete operations to follow these steps to carry out：
A, vernalization bulb prepare：The bulb bulb of vernalization be by summer high temperature rest period, the Organ Differentiation such as bud with
After formation, vernalization treatment is carried out, strictly carried out by tulip soil individual development, i.e.,：Bulb after to dormancy is solved
Observation is cutd open, when the column cap of bud three is clearly visible, it was demonstrated that bulb has passed through dormancy, at this moment can be carried out at the vernalization of bulb
Reason；
B, vernalization are put in storage with bulb：The bulb of dormancy will be passed through by kind dress basket, thickness 15cm, bulb is uniformly felt
By low temperature；And be listed, in case variet complexity；Vernalization storehouse uses fresh-keeping warehouse；Bulb basket code 5-6 floor heights, the spacing of two rows
50cm, favourable cross-ventilation and inspection；
Observed in c, bulb vernalization storehouse：From with meteorological maximum thermometer, minimum thermometer and thermohygrometer, daily
1 timing is observed record to bulb vernalization storehouse temperature and humidity；
D, bulb low temperature vernalization temperature control：Bulb by dormancy is carried out into vernalization treatment, is that tulip is delayed out
A necessary ecological condition before flower bulb cold storage, the temperature of its bulb vernalization treatment must follow strictly what is gradually reduced by height
Rule is carried out, and ensures each temperature stage required time, and the bulb by dormancy is put into the fresh-keeping warehouse got ready, is entered
Sterilized or dressed seed with carbendazim powder with the formalin of volume 0.2% during fresh-keeping warehouse, its temperature control：Incipient stage is controlled 12
DEG C, 14 DEG C -10 DEG C of scope, 21 days time；Mid-term temperature control is in 7 DEG C, 10 DEG C -4 DEG C of scope, 22 days time；Latter temperature control
At 2.5 DEG C, 4 DEG C -1 DEG C of scope, 25 days time, relative humidity is controlled 55% -65% system；Dark condition is kept in storehouse；Periodically
Ventilation, when relative humidity ＞ is more than 70-80%, opening door and window ventilation and be aerated, or open ventilating fan ventilation reduces wet
Degree, stops ventilation during relative humidity ＜ 60%, the vernalization bulb can then carry out cold storage after 68 days, storehouse temperature is down into -2
DEG C--6 DEG C are carried out, and bulb can be taken out when cultivation is needed carry out delaying forcing culture of blooming.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method, it is characterised in that follow these steps to carry out：
A, vernalization bulb prepare：The bulb bulb of vernalization be by summer high temperature rest period, the Organ Differentiation such as bud with formed
Afterwards, vernalization treatment is carried out；
B, vernalization are put in storage with bulb：The bulb of dormancy will be passed through by kind dress basket, thickness 15cm, bulb is uniformly experienced low
Temperature；And be listed, in case variet complexity；Vernalization storehouse uses fresh-keeping warehouse；Bulb basket code 5-6 floor heights, the spacing 50cm of two rows has
Sharp cross-ventilation and inspection；
Observed in c, bulb vernalization storehouse：From with meteorological maximum thermometer, minimum thermometer and thermohygrometer, once a day
Timing is observed record to bulb vernalization storehouse temperature and humidity；
D, bulb low temperature vernalization temperature control：Bulb by dormancy is put into the fresh-keeping warehouse got ready, when entering fresh-keeping warehouse
Sterilized with 0.2% formalin or dressed seed with carbendazim powder, its temperature control：Incipient stage control at 12 DEG C, 14 DEG C of scope-
10 DEG C, 21 days time；Mid-term temperature control is in 7 DEG C, 10 DEG C -4 DEG C of scope, 22 days time；Latter temperature is controlled in 2.5 DEG C, model
4 DEG C -1 DEG C is enclosed, 25 days time, relative humidity is controlled 55% -65%；Dark condition is kept in fresh-keeping warehouse；Periodically ventilation, works as phase
During to humidity ＞ more than 70-80%, opening door and window ventilation, or open ventilating fan ventilation reduces humidity, and bulb was by spring of 68 days
Change treatment can Blooming forcing culture；Controlled at -2 DEG C--6 DEG C by the bulb storage temperature of low temperature vernalization.
2. Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that relative humidity is in step c
60%。
3. the Frequency of Bulb In Tulip low temperature vernalization method according to claim, it is characterised in that relative in fresh-keeping warehouse in step c
It is aerated during humidity ＞ more than 70%, ventilation is stopped during relative humidity ＜ 60%.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113303189A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Method for efficiently planting peas in Yangtze river basin in long season |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113303189A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Method for efficiently planting peas in Yangtze river basin in long season |
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Application publication date: 20170620 |