CN106835467B - 一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106835467B
CN106835467B CN201710178313.XA CN201710178313A CN106835467B CN 106835467 B CN106835467 B CN 106835467B CN 201710178313 A CN201710178313 A CN 201710178313A CN 106835467 B CN106835467 B CN 106835467B
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董勤霞
潘玉明
黄凯
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Shanghai Tiqiao Textile & Yarn Dyeing Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维、棉纤维和阻燃PTFE纤维交织成坯布；步骤2，预缩工艺，对坯布进行预收缩处理，形成永久的三维螺旋卷曲；步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式减慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色；步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂。本发明的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料，具有防结冰、防水、防风、防火、阻燃、防静电、抗菌、透湿、轻便和防侦视伪装等功能，可广泛应用于军队、消防、防毒等特种防护服装面料。

Description

一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，具体涉及一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着消费品位的不断提升，消费者对工作制服弹性的要求也日见迫切。当今世界上应用最广泛的弹性纱线是氨纶，其优越的拉伸弹性和恢复弹性，是其他纱线制品所无法替代的。但氨纶价格昂贵、生产投资大、纺纱工艺复杂、消耗大、染色加工与后整理和穿着时怕氯漂、不耐酸碱、不好高温定形、弹性不稳定、不好打理、弹性过剩面料容易起泡、、穿着发闷等缺点；如常用的莱卡纤维，在织造过程中发现，氨纶丝受牵伸倍数、织造机器的性能和织针的影响，导致拉伸过大，失去弹性，造成断丝和潜在损伤。同时在染整加工中不耐高温，不上色而易沾色等缺点经常出现，导致布面露丝、翻丝、沾色，以及弹性明显减弱使光坯克重严重变轻，拉毛时易容易出现断丝、局部没有弹性的现象，以及多次水洗后弹性会明显减弱等实际问题。此外，含氨纶的面料在反复外力作用下氨纶纤维的拉伸弹性和恢复弹性性也会明显减弱甚至消失，保暖效果随之明显降低。
而PTT抗菌纤维是一种新型的具有三个亚甲基的聚酯纤维，即为人们所知的3GT纤维，其兼有涤纶、锦纶、腈纶的特性，除防污性能好外，还有易于染色、手感柔软、富有适合人体活动的弹性，延伸性同氨纶纤维一样好。与弹性纤维氨纶相比更易于加工，是非常适合随人体运动而动的弹性纺织服装面料，具有广阔的应用前景，如专利CN102605530A公开了一种弹性针织面料的生产工艺，采用PET/PTT复合纤维的面料，然后进行收缩处理等工艺PET/PTT复合纤维形成永久的三维螺旋卷曲，具有弹性效果；专利CN105401319A公开了一种永久弹力抗菌保暖针织面料及其制备方法，其采用PTT聚酯纤维替换氨纶纤维，并在针织面料中添加有抗菌助剂；以及专利CN104389161A公开了一种抗皱真丝复合面料的制备方法。
因此，本发明在此方向上做出了更进一步地研究，针对适宜于消防等室外用面料的需求，提供了一种经过改进的、性能更好的针织面料。
发明内容
本发明针对目前消防面料防火性好、强度高、保暖性好，但普遍存在弹性差、穿着不舒适以及低温下面料易结冰的问题，提出一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料及其制备方法，该针织面料在保证其强度和保暖性的基础上，具有双向导湿性、优异的回弹性、抗菌性和透气性。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
本发明的第一个方面是提供一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维、棉纤维和阻燃PTFE纤维交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，坯布进行预收缩处理，采用不同的收缩温度使PTT抗菌纤维、棉纤维和阻燃PTFE纤维产生差异性收缩，形成永久的三维螺旋卷曲，产生弹性效果；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式减慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂。
进一步地，按重量百分比计，所述坯布由PTT抗菌纤维40-50％、棉纤维15-25％和阻燃PTFE纤维30-40％交织而成，所述阻燃PTFE纤维为防火阻燃聚四氟乙烯纤维。
优选地，按重量百分比计，所述坯布由PTT抗菌纤维42-48％、棉纤维17-22％和阻燃PTFE纤维33-38％交织而成。
更为优选地，按重量百分比计，所述坯布由PTT抗菌纤维45％、棉纤维20％和阻燃PTFE纤维35％交织而成。
进一步地，所述预缩工艺采用液碱、渗透剂、表面处理剂对坯布进行预处理，先慢升至45-50℃运行15-20min，再升至75-85℃运行5-10min，最后升至100-120℃保温10-15min，并缓慢冷却。
优选地，所述表面处理剂为纳米氧化钡，其粒径为40-60nm，其用量为2-4g/L，纳米氧化钡颗粒附着在织物纤维表面的微孔内，以增大各纤维的表面机械性能，形成永久的三维螺旋卷曲，产生弹性效果。
进一步地，所述染色工艺：温度为100-120℃，时间为40-60min。
进一步地，所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.6-1％的亲水硅油T718、0.4-0.7％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯3-5g/L和戊二酸2-4g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min。
进一步地，所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.8％的亲水硅油T718、0.6％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯4g/L和戊二酸3g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min。
进一步地，所述定形工艺的定形液含有3-5g/L的亲水硅油T718、6-8g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为150-170℃，车速为10-25m/min。
本发明的第二个方面是提供一种采用上述方法制备的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料。
本发明采用上述技术方案，与现有技术相比，具有如下技术效果：
本发明的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料原材料具有特殊的功能，特别在北方严寒地区室外作业时，解决了面料表面易结冰使得面料僵硬的问题，且结构简单，适用范围广，实用性强，具有防结冰、防水、防风、防火、阻燃、防静电、抗菌、透湿、轻便和防侦视伪装等功能，可广泛应用于军队、消防、防毒等特种防护服装面料。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细和具体的介绍，以使更好的理解本发明，但是下述实施例并不限制本发明范围。
实施例1多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维45％、棉纤维20％和阻燃PTFE纤维35％交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，采用液碱6g/L、渗透剂3g/L、纳米氧化钡2g/L对坯布进行预处理，先慢升50℃运行20min，再升至80℃运行10min，最后升至105℃保温10min，并缓慢冷却；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式缓慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，温度为110℃，时间为55min，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.8％的亲水硅油T718、0.6％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯4g/L和戊二酸3g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有5g/L的亲水硅油T718、8g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为160℃，车速为10m/min。
实施例2多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维40％、棉纤维20％和阻燃PTFE纤维40％交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，采用液碱4g/L、渗透剂5g/L、纳米氧化钡3g/L对坯布进行预处理，先慢升50℃运行20min，再升至80℃运行5-10min，最后升至105℃保温10min，并缓慢冷却；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式缓慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，温度为115℃，时间为60min，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.8％的亲水硅油T718、0.6％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯4g/L和戊二酸3g/L，处理温度为55℃，时间为20min；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有5g/L的亲水硅油T718、8g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为165℃，车速为15m/min。
实施例3多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维45％、棉纤维20％和阻燃PTFE纤维35％交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，采用液碱4g/L、渗透剂4g/L、纳米氧化钡3g/L对坯布进行预处理，先慢升45℃运行15min，再升至80℃运行10min，最后升至110℃保温12min，并缓慢冷却；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式减慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，温度为120℃，时间为50min，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；所述柔软处理的处理液中含1％的亲水硅油T718、0.4％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯5g/L和戊二酸2g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有3g/L的亲水硅油T718、6g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为170℃，车速为20m/min。
实施例4多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维50％、棉纤维18％和阻燃PTFE纤维32％交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，采用液碱6g/L、渗透剂3g/L、纳米氧化钡2.5g/L对坯布进行预处理，先慢升48℃运行16min，再升至85℃运行8min，最后升至110℃保温15min，并缓慢冷却；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式缓慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，温度为120℃，时间为60min，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.8％的亲水硅油T718、0.6％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯4g/L和戊二酸3g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有3g/L的亲水硅油T718、6g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为165℃，车速为14m/min。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述，但其只是作为范例，本发明并不限制于以上描述的具体实施例。对于本领域技术人员而言，任何对本发明进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发明的范畴之中。因此，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作的均等变换和修改，都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims (7)

1.一种多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，织造坯布，采用PTT抗菌纤维、棉纤维和阻燃PTFE纤维交织成坯布，其中，面层采用PTT抗菌纤维，里层采用阻燃PTFE纤维和棉纤维；
步骤2，预缩工艺，对坯布进行预收缩处理，采用不同的收缩温度使PTT抗菌纤维、棉纤维和阻燃PTFE纤维产生差异性收缩，形成永久的三维螺旋卷曲，产生弹性效果；
步骤3，染色工艺，采用阶梯式减慢升降温速率的工艺对坯布进行染色，确保面料热收缩均匀一致；
步骤4，柔软处理，采用含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂的处理液对坯布进行柔软处理；
步骤5，定形工艺，采用定型机对坯布进行定形，定形液含有亲水硅油柔软剂和吸湿排汗助剂；
其中，所述预缩工艺采用液碱、渗透剂、表面处理剂对坯布进行预处理，先慢升至45-50℃运行15-20min，再升至75-85℃运行5-10min，最后升至100-120℃保温10-15min，并缓慢冷却；
所述表面处理剂为纳米氧化钡，其用量为2-4g/L。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，按重量百分比计，所述坯布由PTT抗菌纤维40-50％、棉纤维15-25％和阻燃PTFE纤维30-40％交织而成；所述阻燃PTFE纤维为防火阻燃聚四氟乙烯纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述染色工艺：温度为100-120℃，时间为40-60min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.6-1％的亲水硅油T718、0.4-0.7％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯3-5g/L和戊二酸2-4g/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述柔软处理的处理液中含0.8％的亲水硅油T718、0.6％的吸湿排汗剂PSR、辛酸甘油三酯4g/L和戊二酸3g/L，处理温度为50℃，时间为20min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述定形工艺的定形液含有3-5g/L的亲水硅油T718、6-8g/L的吸湿排汗剂PSR，定形温度为150-170℃，车速为10-25m/min。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述方法制备的多功能高弹抗菌阻燃针织面料。
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