CN106810251A - 高纯高致密氧化锆3d陶瓷外壳的生产方法 - Google Patents

高纯高致密氧化锆3d陶瓷外壳的生产方法 Download PDF

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CN106810251A
CN106810251A CN201710098792.4A CN201710098792A CN106810251A CN 106810251 A CN106810251 A CN 106810251A CN 201710098792 A CN201710098792 A CN 201710098792A CN 106810251 A CN106810251 A CN 106810251A
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oxide
zirconium oxide
purity
ceramic
ceramic packages
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不公告发明人
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Nanjing Jinli New Material Co., Ltd
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Nanjing Cloud Qijin Rui New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,具体步骤为在纯度大于99.99%复合纳米氧化锆粉体中加入分散剂、粘结剂及润滑剂加热并搅拌,得到高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料,再将高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料放入注射成型机中,设定合适的参数将浆料注射进入特定的模具中获得壳坯料,成型后进行脱脂烧结工艺处理,再烧结成型的陶瓷壳进行喷砂、抛光、清洗、烘干处理,获得高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品。本发明拥有工艺简单,无污染,投资低,成品率高的优点,适合工业化生产使用。

Description

高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,属于材料工程技术领域。
背景技术
日常用品的壳材料一般使用塑料、金属、皮革、玻璃等,各种材料拥有独特的优势及劣势,塑料材料的特点是重量轻,成本低,容易量产及无信号干扰问题,但劣势也较为明显,如导热性差,强度低等,一般用于日常对强度要求低的用品中,金属材料拥有易加工,强度高,易量产,是目前较为常用的壳材料,皮革材料由于气的柔软性,不耐磨,仅应用于某些特定的行业,玻璃材料由于其优秀的透光性,美观性,易量产的原因,应有领域也较为广泛。而陶瓷材料由于其耐摔性能差,应用领域受到限制,但随着韧性陶瓷的研发就不断深入,陶瓷材料逐步开始应用于日用品的壳材料。壳材料由于其厚度薄,一般为0.15~2mm,同时要求其拥有较好的美观性、耐磨性及其他不同特殊要求,对材料种类的选择相对有限。氧化锆陶瓷由于其拥有较好的材料韧性及强度,并且拥有漂亮的外观,已经逐步开始应用于日用品的外壳。
中国专利201010013622.X提供了一种含有四方相氧化锆的外管壳材料及其制做方法,其配方的组成中,含有氧化铝、超细纳米氧化锆和添加剂;氧化铝,纯度为90%-99.9%的,重量份为70-95;超细纳米氧化锆,纯度为99%-99.9%,重量份为5-30;添加剂系氧化钇、氧化镁、氧化钙或氧化铈,这四种添加剂的一种、两种或多种;这四种添加剂的纯度均为95-99.9%、总重量份为1-3。该发明采用热流体注塑工艺,成型圆形或方形薄壁管状结构的生坯,并在1560-1580℃烧结20-24小时。本发明烧结后的陶瓷材料微观晶相中,含有70%-95%重量比的氧化铝和5%-30%重量比的氧化锆,其中5%-70%为四方相稳定相的氧化锆。
中国专利201510309285.1提供了一种氧化锆陶瓷手机后盖的制备方法,该方法制备的氧化锆陶瓷手机后盖具有高强度、高韧性、尺寸精度高等特点,其最大尺寸可以满足6inch 手机用,厚度可以做到0.15-0.8mm,该发明专利采用不同的定型模具制备出平板、2D、3D 等复杂形状的产品,从而满足不同规格手机的要求。该专利用去离子水将氧化钇稳定的高纯纳米氧化锆粉体配制成悬浊液,向所述悬浊液中加入分散剂,添加Al2O3、TiO2和SiO2,混合均匀后干燥,得到参杂改性的纳米氧化锆粉体;再将纳米氧化锆粉体,溶于有机溶剂中,加入分散剂、粘结剂,将以上混合液搅拌混合后进行分散,得到均匀分散的流延浆料,将流延浆料过滤、真空脱泡后流延成膜带;得到流延膜带干燥、切片后放在钢模表面,真空包装密封后进行温等静压,从而得到生坯;将所述生坯进行排胶,然后烧结成陶瓷片;最后将得到的陶瓷片经CNC 加工外形、砂轮精磨、振动磨抛光后得到所述氧化锆陶瓷手机后盖。
中国专利201610530177.1一种氧化锆陶瓷手机后盖的制备方法,包括干压法将氧化锆造粒粉干压成型,然后封装,再将封装好的坯体放入等径压机中进行等静压成型,接着放入窑炉中烧结成陶瓷片,再进入复平窑复烧,最后经打磨、切割、精磨和抛光工序后得到氧化锆陶瓷手机后盖。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点,提供一种新型高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的制备方法,采用纯度大于99.99%的纳米二氧化锆复合粉体,添加粘结剂、分散剂及润滑剂制成浆料,再通过注射成型的方法获得壳体坯料,通过脱脂烧结工艺获得陶瓷坯料,最后通过喷砂、抛光、清洗、烘干的方法获得高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品,本发明不仅工艺和设备简单,成本低,投资少,成品率高,能耗低,生产效率高,而且能够获得质量稳定、纳米晶的二氧化锆复合陶瓷制品,本发明过程无坏境污染,是一种新型的低成本、质量稳定的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法。
本发明通过使用核心元素纯度大于99.99%纳米氧化锆复合粉体,采用注射成型技术,提供了一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的制备方法,该方法制备的氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳具有高强度、高韧性、尺寸精度高等特点,最大尺寸可以满足500mm以下笔记本电脑、平板电脑、家用电器、手机等的外壳用途,厚度可以达到0.1~1mm。
优选地,所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的最大外形尺寸为1~350mm。
优选地,所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的薄壁厚度为0.1~0.5mm。
将纯度为99.99%~99.99999%,粒度为1~100nm的二氧化锆复合粉体与粘结剂、分散剂、润滑剂在水溶液中搅拌混合均匀,复合粉体中,除了主元素二氧化锆以外,还含有氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化钴、氧化铁、氧化钪、氧化钒、氧化锰、氧化镍、氧化铜、氧化锌、氧化铌、氧化钼、氧化铟、氧化锡、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化钨、氧化镧、氧化镨、氧化钕、氧化碲、氧化铽、氧化铕、氧化铒中的至少一种,除主元素二氧化锆外,其他氧化物的摩尔质量比为0.1~20%。
优选地,二氧化锆复合粉体含有氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化钴、氧化铁中的至少一种,且氧化物的摩尔质量比为0.1~20%。
为了达到上述使用要求,本发明使用的技术方案为一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,所述方法的具体步骤如下。
(1)在核心元素纯度大于99.99%复合纳米氧化锆粉体中加入PEG 600、PVA、石蜡,加热至40~60度,搅拌均匀,得到高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料,所述的复合纳米氧化锆粉体包含D50=5~20nm、D50=25~50nm、D50=70~100nm至少两种粒径分布的粉体组成,其中重量比粗粉:细粉>2:1。
(2)用步骤(1)中制得的高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料放入注射成型机中,设定合适的参数将浆料注射进入特定的模具中,注射成型时成型温度为100-300℃,压力为2-50MPa。
(3)将步骤(2)中获得壳坯料成型后进行脱脂烧结工艺处理,脱脂温度为400~700℃,脱脂时间为2~24小时,脱脂气氛为大气。
(4)将步骤(3)脱脂后的陶瓷坯料进行常压烧结成型工艺处理,烧结温度为1100~1500℃,烧结保温1-8小时,升温及降温速率均控制在50℃/h以下。
(5)将步骤(4)中烧结成型的陶瓷壳进行喷砂、抛光、清洗、烘干处理,获得高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品。
(6)将步骤(5)中获得的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品进行纯度、密度、抗弯强度及硬度,要求主元素纯度大于99.99%,相对密度大于95%,抗弯强度大于1200MPa,维氏硬度大于1250。
步骤(1)中选用的粘结剂包含聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯中的至少一种。
步骤(1)中选用的分散剂为乙醇、正丁醇、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
步骤(1)中选用的润滑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、石蜡、微晶石蜡、蜂蜡中的至少一种。
优选地,步骤(1)中,选用的复合纳米氧化锆粉体包含10~20nm、30~40nm、80~90nm至少两种粒径分布的粉体组成,其中重量比粗粉:细粉>3:1。
优选地,步骤(2)中,注射成型时成型温度为120-200℃,压力为5-30MPa。
优选地,步骤(3)中,脱脂烧结工艺的脱脂温度为500~600℃,脱脂时间为4~12小时。
优选地,步骤(4)中,常压烧结成型工艺处理的烧结温度为1200~1450℃,烧结保温2-4小时,升温及降温速率均控制在40℃/h以下。
步骤(5)中选用的喷砂材料为碳化硅砂、金刚砂、陶瓷砂中的至少一种,粒度为50~300目。
步骤(5)中选用的抛光方式为研磨抛光、砂带抛光中的至少一种,抛光材料使用金刚石、碳化硅、尼龙纤维、羊毛中的至少一种。
步骤(5)中选用的清洗方法为超声波清洗。
步骤(5)中选用的烘干方法为电阻加热烘干箱烘干。
步骤(6)中选用的纯度测量仪器为ICP-MS(电感耦合等离子体质谱仪)。
步骤(6)中选用的密度测量仪器为测量精度为0.001g的阿基米德原理的固体密度测试仪。
步骤(6)中选用的抗弯强度测量仪器为三点弯曲陶瓷抗弯强度检测仪。
步骤(6)中选用的硬度测量仪为维氏硬度计。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,具体实施步骤如下。
(1)在核心元素纯度大于99.99%复合纳米氧化锆粉体中加入PEG 600、PVA、石蜡,加热至50度,搅拌均匀,得到高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料,所述的复合纳米氧化锆粉体包含D50=12nm、D50=43nm两种粒径分布的粉体组成,其中重量比D50=43nm:D50=12nm=4:1。
(2)用步骤(1)中制得的高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料放入注射成型机中,设定合适的参数将浆料注射进入特定的模具中,注射成型时成型温度为170℃,压力为25MPa。
(3)将步骤(2)中获得壳坯料成型后进行脱脂烧结工艺处理,脱脂温度为550℃,脱脂时间为12小时,脱脂气氛为大气。
(4)将步骤(3)脱脂后的陶瓷坯料进行常压烧结成型工艺处理,烧结温度为1380℃,烧结保温3小时,升温及降温速率为35℃/h。
(5)将步骤(4)中烧结成型的陶瓷壳进行60目金刚砂喷砂、120目金刚石砂带抛光、超声波清洗、80度烘干炉烘干处理,获得高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品。
(6)将步骤(5)中获得的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品进行纯度、密度、抗弯强度及硬度,测量主元素纯度为99.9947%,相对密度为97.88%,抗弯强度为1318MPa,维氏硬度为1277。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)在核心元素纯度大于99.99%复合纳米氧化锆粉体中加入分散剂,粘结剂及润滑剂,搅拌均匀,得到高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料;
(2)用步骤(1)中制得的高纯纳米复合氧化锆浆料放入注射成型机中,设定合适的参数将浆料注射进入特定的模具中;
(3)将步骤(2)中获得壳坯料成型后进行脱脂烧结工艺处理;
(4)将步骤(3)中烧结成型的陶瓷壳进行喷砂、抛光、清洗、烘干处理,获得高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品;
(5)将步骤(4)中获得的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品进行纯度、密度、抗弯强度及硬度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的复合氧化锆除二氧化锆以外,还含有氧化钇、氧化铈、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化硅、氧化钴、氧化铁、氧化钪、氧化钒、氧化锰、氧化镍、氧化铜、氧化锌、氧化铌、氧化钼、氧化铟、氧化锡、氧化钡、氧化钽、氧化钨、氧化镧、氧化镨、氧化钕、氧化碲、氧化铽、氧化铕、氧化铒中的至少一种,其他氧化物的摩尔质量比为0.1~20%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的分散剂为乙醇、正丁醇、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的粘结剂包含聚乙烯醇、聚氯乙烯中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述的润滑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、石蜡、微晶石蜡、蜂蜡中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述的氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳用于笔记本电脑、平板电脑、家用电器、手机。
7.根据权利要求5所述的氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳,其特征在于最大外形尺寸小于500mm。
8.根据权利要求5所述的氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳,其特征在于壳厚度为0.1~1mm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤(5)中,所述的高纯高致密氧化锆3D陶瓷外壳成品主元素纯度大于99.99%,相对密度大于95%,抗弯强度大于1200MPa,维氏硬度大于1250。
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CN113121268A (zh) * 2019-12-30 2021-07-16 比亚迪股份有限公司 陶瓷塑料复合体及制备方法和陶瓷塑料复合体及其壳体
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CN114380587A (zh) * 2022-01-19 2022-04-22 广州炻芯科技有限公司 电热陶瓷材料的配方、电热陶瓷胚体的制备方法和发热件
CN114455947A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-10 跃美生物科技(苏州)有限公司 一种多孔结构氧化锆陶瓷材料的制备方法
CN114560696A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-31 跃美生物科技(苏州)有限公司 一种双层式种植体的制备方法
CN115894016A (zh) * 2022-12-14 2023-04-04 圣泉(扬州)新材料科技有限公司 一种氧化锆陶瓷制备方法

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