CN106795343B - 用于输送药用流体的挤出成型管和溶剂粘合接头 - Google Patents
用于输送药用流体的挤出成型管和溶剂粘合接头 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106795343B CN106795343B CN201580046314.8A CN201580046314A CN106795343B CN 106795343 B CN106795343 B CN 106795343B CN 201580046314 A CN201580046314 A CN 201580046314A CN 106795343 B CN106795343 B CN 106795343B
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Abstract
组件及组件制造方法,组件包括挤出成型的聚合物管和预制聚合物管状体(接头),方法包括以下步骤:挤出成型热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料的管状外表面;沿着选定轴向长度用溶剂处理管一端的外表面;将处理后的一端插入到预制管状体的中空管状通道中,中空管状通道具有聚丙烯基材料的内通道壁;和让匹配的接合部干燥,使得处理后的外表面溶剂粘合到内壁。管优选地为共挤成型管,具有热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料的最内层。匹配的管和接头克服了现有技术中应力开裂、流体污染和/或加工困难的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制造挤出成型聚合物管和将管与聚合物预制体(例如接头)同轴布置地粘合在一起的组分、结构、组件和方法。
背景技术
增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC)管已经在医疗领域采用了数十年。在此期间,已经存在用于将接头施加在管端部处以便将管结合到各种医用组件中的多种后续管制造操作,例如,连接到胰岛素泵等,或者连接到保健时或者手术期间用于将流体输送到患者(人或者其它动物)的输送构件(例如,成套针组件)。通常,各种接头包括这样的区域,在所述区域处,管插入到接头中然后以液密接合方式将其固定(例如,通过粘合剂或者其它化学和非化学粘合手段)到接头。接头可以由各种材料制成,包括丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共聚物、聚碳酸酯(PC)、丙烯酸树脂和其它热塑性材料,选择上述材料是因为它们的机械性能、热稳定性和在非常小的尺寸公差范围内精确成型的能力。
在将管与接头组合在一起的组装过程期间,存在这样的阶段,在所述阶段,利用涂布器将粘合材料(诸如紫外线固化粘合材料)涂布到管的外表面,然后把管以物理方式接合到接头中。在将管装配到接头中的操作结束时,对组件的该部分照射UV(紫外线)光,UV光使粘合剂活化以固化成最终固体形式,并且管粘合到接头。所发生的粘合的性质是这样的,使得需要一定的力才能从接头把管部分以物理方式移除,例如,以防止在使用组件期间发生意外脱离。与不存在粘合剂而仅仅将管以物理方式插入到接头中相比,在将粘合剂涂布到表面并且在粘合剂固化之后这种力一般要更大。
已经证明增塑PVC管最适用于与由上述不同材料类型制成的多种接头之间进行的所有这些操作。然而,至少由于环境、规章和/或法律,需要避免使用增塑PVC作为制造医用管的材料。对于某些流体类型而言,增塑剂迁移到药用流体中的可能性是一个担心。
其它弹性体材料还具有可以与各种药用流体发生相互作用的化学官能团(酯类、酰胺类等)。因此,需要提供一种牢固粘合方式,在管或者接头中不需要可能会与组件所输送的流体发生相互作用的化学官能团。
药用流体-不仅仅溶剂/流体类型而且药用流体自身-可以包括用表面活性剂和其它分散剂/悬浮剂缓冲的活性药理药剂构成的平衡/稳定胶体和悬浮液。这些药剂优先地吸收管材料/鲁尔接头的化学官能团,因此影响流体的药用效力。
此外,许多常见接头材料(ABS、PC和丙烯酸)是非晶材料,会产生银纹/开裂。因此,当今常用的ABS、PC和丙烯酸等鲁尔接头会具有成型应力,使得鲁尔接头在使用之前或者使用期间在存在溶剂的情况中尤其易于开裂。药用流体的性质会导致这种非晶材料发生应力开裂或者鲁尔接头尺寸发生变化,从而发生泄漏或者失效。
因此,一直需要新型的管和接头组件,以避免现有技术的应力开裂、化学性相互作用和加工难度的上述问题。
发明内容
本发明设想了制造挤出成型管,优选是多层共挤成型管,由至少两种不含PVC的聚合物材料(缺乏化学官能团)共挤制成,因此管材料彼此牢固粘合,并且两种材料中的外管层的暴露外表面能够易于牢固地溶剂粘合在管状部件(诸如鲁尔接头或者其它接头)的中央通道内表面。管尤为适于粘合到接头,接头由惰性聚丙烯基材料构成,以应用在药用流体输送和治疗应用中。
本发明避免了现有技术增塑PVC管所存在的问题,而且还避免了使用UV固化粘合剂的问题。这些固化粘合剂昂贵,并且需要UV光照射的附加步骤,这显著增加了组装管和接头的成本。
本发明还避免了流体污染的可能性。已经发现,通过管和接头注入的流体通常浸润管和接头之间的接合区域,从而与粘性聚合物材料相遇。可UV固化的聚合物具有可浸提出的未固化单体或者其它不希望有并且如果变成向患者输送的注入流体的一部分将对患者有害的组分。
本发明无需再使用包含酯、乌拉坦或者酰胺的弹性体或者其它化学官能团,诸如羰基或者酸基,它们会接触通过管或者接头所输送的流体并且与之相互作用。
根据本发明的一个实施例,本发明还避免了使用在存在药用流体的情况中易于应力开裂的接头材料。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了一种方法,用于将聚合物管同轴粘合到预制管状体,预制管状体限定了具有纵向轴线的中空中央管状通道,中空中央管状通道由聚丙烯基材料的内壁界定,所述方法包括:
挤出成型聚合物匹配管,其具有管状外壁表面,管状外壁表面包括热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料,并且中央管状通道具有纵向轴线和相反的两端部;
在管的一个端部沿着选定轴向长度利用溶剂处理匹配管的外表面,以使处理后的外表面在干燥后粘合到管状体内壁;
将处理后的匹配管端部同轴插入到管状体的中央管状通道中,使得处理后端部的外表面沿着选定轴向长度与管状体内壁匹配,以形成匹配的接合部;
让匹配的接合部干燥,使得处理后的外表面溶剂粘合到内壁。
在一个实施例中,从环己酮、环己烷、正己烷、二甲苯、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯(EA)和甲乙酮(MEK)中的一种或者多种选择溶剂。
在一个实施例中,从环己烷、环己酮、二甲苯、四氢呋喃和正己烷中的一种或者多种选择溶剂。
在一个实施例中,PBE是丙烯和α-烯烃的共聚物或者共混物。
在一个实施例,PBE是具有半结晶等规丙烯链段的丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。
在一个实施例中,PBE是第一聚合物组分(FPC)和第二聚合物组分(SPC)的共混物,第一聚合物组分主要是结晶有规立构聚丙烯,第二聚合物组分是C,C4-C20α-烯烃和丙烯的可结晶共聚物。
在一个实施例中,α-烯烃是乙烯。根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,管具有包括聚乙烯(PE)层的内壁。
在一个实施例中,内壁的PE是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或者它们的共混物。
在一个实施例中,挤出成型步骤包括共挤成型PBE材料的管状外层和热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料的至少一个最内管状层。
在一个实施例中,共挤成型的匹配管外层是PBE,其乙烯含量按重量计至少占9%,并且匹配管的最内层是聚乙烯。
在一个实施例中,管状体包括PBE材料的预制体。
在一个实施例中,管状体的PBE材料是聚丙烯均聚物、或者主要为丙烯单元和乙烯的共聚物。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,提供了一种粘合的管状组件,包括:
预制管状体,其限定了具有纵向轴线的中空中央管状通道,中空中央管状通道由丙烯基材料的内壁界定;
挤出成型管,其具有挤出成型的管状外壁表面,管状外壁表面包括热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料,所述匹配管具有中央管状通道,中央管状通道具有纵向轴线和相反的两端部,
其中,匹配管的一个端部同轴定位在预制管状体的中央管状通道内,使得匹配管一个端部的外表面沿着匹配管的选定轴向长度与管状体的内壁匹配,
相互匹配的外表面和内壁彼此溶剂粘合。
在一个实施例中,挤出成型管是共挤成型管,其具有PBE材料的管状外层和热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料的至少一个最内管状层。
在一个实施例中,共挤成型的匹配管外层是PBE材料,其乙烯含量按重量计至少为9%,并且匹配管的最内层是聚乙烯。
在一个实施例中,管具有形成了中央管状通道的内壁,内壁包括共挤成型的聚乙烯(PE)层。
在一个实施例中,PE是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或者它们的共混物。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供了一种将水基或者非水基药用流体或者它们的组合物输送到患者的方法,所述方法包括:将流体输送构件插入到身体中,流体输送构件与所述粘合的管状组件流体连通;和通过管将药用流体输送至流体输送构件。
在一个实施例中,药用流体包括以下中的一个或者多个:
从由植物油、油酸乙酯、丙二醇和分子量为300和400的聚乙二醇构成的组选择的非水性溶剂。
在一个实施例中,药用流体包括以下中的一个或者多个:
用于注入到患者体中的作为溶剂或者混合溶剂基流体制剂的合成制剂和半合成制剂,选自醇类、酯类、醚类、酰胺类、亚砜类和吡咯烷酮类。
在一个实施例中,流体制剂选自乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、三氯叔丁醇、聚氧乙烯甘油、乙醚、苯氧乙醇、乙酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、N-甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)。
附图说明
附图示出了本发明的一个或者多个非限制性示例。
图1是根据本发明一个实施例的多层共挤成型管一部分的示意性立体图,管具有选定轴向长度AL的末端部分;
图2是图1的管的侧剖图,末端部分同轴插入并且溶剂粘合在预制管状体(鲁尔接头)的中央流体流动通道端内;
图3是根据本发明的一种方法的示意性流程图;
图4是根据本发明另一个实施例的单层管一部分的示意性立体图;
图5是本发明各个实施例的测量粘合强度值的曲线图,采用了不同溶剂来粘合挤出成型管和鲁尔接头,但与没有采用溶剂粘合的过盈配合相比都表现出显著改进;
图6是与图5类似的曲线图,示出了填充有不同流体的共挤成型管样品的粘合强度的显著改进。
具体实施方式
参照附图介绍本发明的示例性实施例。只要可以,在附图中用相同的附图标记表示相同或者类似的零件。
参照图1、图2,通过共挤使由可挤出的热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料构成的第一外层12与由可挤出的热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料构成的第一内层14的外表面14a粘合来制造根据本发明的聚合物管10。如果需要的话,由可挤出聚合物材料构成的另外一个或者多个中间层或者内层19可以与层12、14的材料一起共挤成与层12、14相继粘合,以形成具有三层或者更多层的管10。替代地,可以如图4示出并且如下文描述那样使用由可挤出热塑性PBE(与外层12相同的材料)构成的单层管。
通常选择的丙烯基外层12包括PBE,其能够使材料具有挠性以用作根据预期应用输送药用流体的管,而且与丙烯基接头(例如,鲁尔接头)相兼容以便能够与之溶剂粘合。下文描述了多种适用的PBE。
在一个实施例中,本发明涉及用于输送药用流体的聚合物管,该聚合物管包括丙烯基弹性体(PBE),丙烯基弹性体拥有与业内已知的增塑PVC基本相当的机械性能。
在一个实施例中,本发明的PBE聚合物组分是具有半结晶等规丙烯链段的丙烯/α-烯烃共聚物。在一个具体实施例中,适用于本发明的PBE具有范围介于9%至16%、优选地介于9%至11%的共聚单体。共聚单体是α-烯烃。另外,PBE聚合物可以具有2-3的窄分子量分布。分子量分布由Mw/Mn(也称作多分散性指数或者MWD)引出。
在又一个实施例中,适用于本发明的PBE是ExxonMobil Vistamaxx系列(例如,3020FL或者3980FL)。在美国专利6927258中公开了制造这种PBE的一种方法,通过引用将其并入本文。例如,通过把“第一聚合物组分”(“FPC”)与“第二聚合物组分”(“SPC”)共混制造这种PBE,第一聚合物组分是主要为结晶的有规立构聚丙烯,第二聚合物组分是C2,C4-C20α-烯烃(优选乙烯)和丙烯的可结晶共聚物。共混物的可选组分是SPC2,C2,C4-C20α-烯烃(优选乙烯)的可结晶共聚物。其它可选组分是填料、染色剂、抗氧化剂、成核剂、润滑剂和其它加工助剂。
FPC在高于110℃(摄氏度)的温度熔融,并且如由DSC(差示扫描量热法)分析确定的那样具有至少75J/g(焦耳/克)的熔化热。结晶聚丙烯可以是均聚物,或者是与其它α烯烃的共聚物。SPC和如果可选地使用的SPC2具有长到足以结晶的有规立构丙烯序列。SPC具有低于105℃的熔融点,并且具有小于75J/g的熔化热。SPC2具有低于115℃的熔融点,并且具有小于75J/g的熔化热。一个实施例是把等规聚丙烯(FPC)与乙烯-丙烯共聚物(SPC)共混,乙烯-丙烯共聚物具有大约4wt%至35wt%的乙烯以便确保与FPC的高相容性。共混组分中FPC与SPC的比例可以介于按重量2:98至70:30之间。
在一个实施例中,本发明的PBE具有介于大约-15℃至-35℃之间的玻璃化温度(Tg)。根据ASTM D1238,本发明的PBE在230℃测量的熔体流动指数(MFR)介于0.5克/10分钟至50克/10分钟之间。在一个实施例中,本发明的PBE具有介于大约60至90之间的优选邵氏A硬度,并且弹性模量介于大约500psi至20,000psi(磅/每平方英寸)并且更加优选地介于大约1,000psi至16,500psi之间。
替代地,外层可以包括聚丙烯和其它烯烃聚合物(例如,聚乙烯或者聚乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物)组成的共混物;该共混物应当是可挤出的,并且不仅与内层是相容的而且与将要与内层溶剂粘合的接头也是相容的。
外层12的厚度通常介于大约0.0005英寸和大约0.050英寸之间。外层的厚度将根据材料成本、所需物理性能、挤出设备、管和接头的预期用途和其它设计关注点而变化。
构成了第一内层14的乙烯基烯烃材料优选地主要为可挤出的热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料。内层可以由聚乙烯(“PE”)构成,通常为低密度聚乙烯(“LDPE”)、线性低密度聚乙烯(“DLLDPE”)、高密度聚乙烯(“HDPE”)或者它们的共混物。内层是可挤出的且与毗邻的管层相容,并且在其包括构成流体输送通道的最内层的情况下,基本为惰性并且可与流体一起使用。内层14的厚度通常介于大约0.0005英寸和大约0.025英寸之间,但是可随着总的管尺寸和长度、材料成本、挤出设备、预期用途(应用)和其它设计关注点而变化。
第一层材料和第二层材料都是可挤出的、在升高温度下可作为熔体加工、不会发生显著蠕变、大体具有低模量的热塑性材料,而且是能够在室温下反复拉伸但如果拉伸没有超过弹性屈服应变则能够恢复大致原始长度的挠性材料。
内层14是非极性的,或者说缺乏会与预期应用的药用流体相互作用的化学官能团(官能团)。药用流体指的是可用于注入到患者体中(人或者其它动物)的任何水基流体、非水基流体或者它们的组合,包括活性药理物质或生物物质,这可针对患者预期有益医疗来选择。要注入(例如,经由皮下或者肌肉注射、静脉注射和其它非肠胃方式)的活性药理物质或生物物质可以包括但不局限于胰岛素、抗炎药、杀菌剂、癌症治疗药、关节炎治疗药、其它治疗药、蛋白质和基于酶的药物、营养物和其它药物。可以利用各种水基溶剂、非水基溶剂或者它们的混合溶剂和其它载体流体来输送活性药理物质或生物物质。以下为非水基溶剂的示例:植物油、油酸乙酯、丙二醇和分子量为300和400的聚乙二醇。合成制剂和半合成制剂也是有的,可作为用于注入到患者体内的溶剂或者混合的溶剂基流体制剂;示例包括醇类(例如,乙醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇、丙二醇、丁二醇、三氯叔丁醇等)、醚类和酯类(例如,聚氧乙烯甘油、乙醚、苯氧乙醇、乙酸乙酯、油酸乙酯、苯甲酸苄酯等)、酰胺类(例如,N-甲基乙酰胺和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺)、亚砜类(例如,二甲基亚砜(DMSO))、吡咯烷酮类(例如,N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP))等。
活性药理物质或者生物物质通常结合水基、非水基或者基于溶剂的载体流体制成为稳定的混合物、悬浮液或者乳液。要避免药用流体在输送到患者期间与管和接头的化学官能团通过吸附或者吸收药用流体组分而发生化学性相互作用,这是因为化学性相互作用会不利地影响药用流体稳定性并且影响活性药理物质或者生物物质的适当给药,从而对患者的预期医疗效力造成不利影响。
接头也必须不会与药用流体发生任何不利的相互作用:要么是因药用流体组分与接头直接发生溶剂化作用,要么是因药用流体导致接头发生环境应力开裂(ESC)。药用流体与接头发生溶剂化会导致接头自身机械完好性的损失,减小了在使用期间管和接头之间的结合强度,而且也是导致在流体输送期间溶解的接头材料可能会注入到患者体内的因素。因存在表面活性物质(称为应力开裂剂),其会以用于制造稳定药物溶液和悬浮液的表面活性剂、缓冲剂或其它悬浮剂的形式存在,在使用中接头将与之接触,故接头中有持续作用的外应力和/或内应力,因而接头的环境应力开裂导致接头发生机械失效。接头的ESC还会导致管和接头之间结合强度的减小。尽管ESC因用于制造接头的聚合物与特定化学物相互作用而产生,但是它通常不是聚合物和活性环境之间的化学反应,这在本领域中众所周知。在实践中,ESC更易于在非晶聚合物中发生,诸如ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)、PEMA(聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯)、PS(聚苯乙烯)、刚性PVC、SAN(苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物),这些通常都用作接头的材料;在如聚乙烯的一些半结晶热塑性塑料中也会发生ESC。从选择和制造必然性来说注塑成型一般是制造应用在医疗领域中的各种接头的工艺,但因注塑成型工艺中所用的聚合物熔体注射压力很高而有可能在最终接头中产生内部诱导应力。非晶聚合物(玻璃态聚合物)更易发生这种失效,因为它们的疏松结构有助于流体浸入到聚合物中。存在于药用流体中的应力作用剂会促进接头出现银纹、开裂或者塑化。在非晶聚合物中,因ESC形成开裂通常是以形成银纹为先导。银纹是由强烈拉伸的微纤所保持在一起的空洞区域,微纤桥接微裂纹并且防止它们传播以及聚结。如果暴露于应力开裂剂,则半结晶聚合物(诸如PE)在应力作用下发生脆性断裂。在这种聚合物中,微晶通过非晶相由缚结分子连接。缚结分子通过传递负荷在聚合物机械性能中起到决定性作用。应力开裂剂用于降低保持微晶中缚结分子的内聚力,从而有助于缚结分子从片晶“拉出”以及解缠。
相反,根据本发明,聚丙烯是适用作接头材料的材料,因为它在室温不具有可应用在药用流体中的已知溶剂,并且聚丙烯是不易发生ESC的材料。
现在参照图2,要溶剂粘合到管10上的管状体或者接头20通常形成为鲁尔接头、塑料管连接件或者其它应用在医疗应用中的接头的构造,例如用于连接管,管用于以无菌方式将药用流体从流体源输送到患者或者容器,其中,流体密封在封闭系统中,管和连接件保持流体包含在密封系统中。管状体20最优选地由预制PBE材料制成,其采用均聚物聚丙烯,或者主要为丙烯单元和可相容共聚单体(诸如乙烯)构成的共聚物。构成管状体20的聚合物材料还可具有可选组分,诸如填料、染色剂、抗氧化剂、成核剂、润滑剂和其它加工助剂。
如图1和图2所示,管10具有末端部分11,末端部分11具有外表面18和选定轴向长度AL,以插入到通道22中并且溶剂粘合到管状体20(通常为鲁尔接头形式)的中央流体通道22的内壁表面22a。如图2所示,管的末端部分11(在涂覆了用于粘合到接头20的溶剂之后)插入到管状体20的通道22中,使得管10的轴线A1与管状体20的轴线A2大体同轴对准。通道22的截面直径D2优选地互补管10的末端部分11的截面直径D1。直径D2可略微小于直径D1(例如,小0.001英寸至大约0.015英寸),以确保末端部分11贴合在通道22内。一旦将末端部分11插入到通道22中,外表面18就接合通道22的内表面22a,并且在插入之前已经施加到管端11的表面18的溶剂沿着基本整个选定轴向长度AL扩散在表面18和22a上。
管状体20通常具有两个单独的、同轴对准(A1-A2)的中空中央通道部分22、24,中空中央通道部分22、24分别具有不同的截面内径D2和D3,其中,D3通常小于D2,从而形成了止动表面25,在将末端部分11沿轴向强行手动插入到通道22中时,管10的末端部分11的大直径D1的末端表面17(大约与D2相等或者略微大于D2)停止并且抵接在止动表面25上。
通常从一个或者多个碳氢化合物中选择用于处理管10的外表面18的溶剂,诸如环己酮、环己烷、正己烷、二甲苯、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯(EA)和甲乙酮(MEK)。溶剂处理通常包括在将末端部分11插入到管状体20的轴向通道22中之前将溶剂施加到管10的末端部分11的表面18。
图3是示出了本发明一个方法实施例的流程图。在第一步骤中,管(诸如图1-图2中示出的多层管10)被共挤作为匹配管,其将与管状体20溶剂粘合在一起。在下一个步骤中,用溶剂处理(例如通过涂布溶剂涂层)匹配管一个端部部分处的外表面。在下一个步骤中,把匹配管的处理后的端部部分插入到管状体的中央管状通道中,以沿着管外表面和管状体中央通道的同轴匹配部分形成匹配接合部。在下一个步骤中,让匹配接合部干燥以使溶剂蒸发,使得在管外表面的匹配部分和管状体中央管状通道的匹配部分之间形成溶剂粘合。
在替代实施例中,如图4所示,提供了热塑性PBE材料的单层管。在此例中,单层管状壁形成外表面18,用于与管状体的中央通道溶剂粘合,并且单层的内管状表面21形成流体输送通道,所述流体输送通道如上所述应为非极性,或者说缺乏会与预期应用的药用流体相互作用的化学官能团(官能团)。
如下所述,测试了根据各种多层实施例的管样品。
管测试样品:利用如下所列的材料并且使用挤出模具以多层共挤来制造管试样,挤出模具诸如为由佛罗里达州的Clearwater的Genca Division of General CableCompany制造的“Tri Die”挤出设备:
外层:Vistamaxx 3980FL或者Vistamaxx 3020FL(美国德克萨斯州休斯顿的ExxonMobil Chemical);
内层:Westlake 808LDPE(美国德克萨斯州休斯顿的Westlake Chemical)。
测试的溶剂:
乙酸乙酯(EA)
甲乙酮(MEK)
环己酮
四氢呋喃(THF)
正己烷
二甲苯
环己烷
挤出两种材料、两层(2M2L)共挤的管样品,尺寸为:外径0.152英寸×内径0.090英寸,总壁厚=0.031英寸。PBE的外层具有0.026英寸的厚度,并且乙烯基材料的内层厚度为0.005英寸。如本领域中已知的那样,挤出或者共挤处理通过以下方式来实施:使聚合物材料熔融,在压力下使熔化的材料通过适当的模头以形成管状挤出物或者共挤物,然后通过传统水浴或者真空水箱冷却以形成最终产品。然后把所制造的管样品粘合到如下文所列的可商购的鲁尔接头,然后针对粘合强度进行拉拔测试。制备测试样品,以下为所用的测试设备和参数。
为溶剂粘合准备的样品:
1、将管样品切割成8英寸,用70%的异丙醇清洁管端部,使其风干。
2、利用小涂布器将溶剂涂布到清洁后的管端部的1/2英寸,并且插入到鲁尔接头中。
3、在机械性能测试之前将管放置干燥24小时(72°F/50%RH)。
在对已溶剂粘合到商购聚丙烯鲁尔接头上的管样品的测试中使用如下文所述的机械性能测试设备和参数。本领域中周知能够以拉伸方式测试样品并且记录作用在样品上的力的机械性能测试设备;诸如由Instron(美国马萨诸塞州Norwood,826UniversityAvenue)或者Lloyd Instruments Ltd(英国West Sussex)制造的设备用于测试。设备包括附接到可动夹具上的负荷传感器,并且包括不可动夹具或者夹钳。通常,将样品夹持在顶部夹具和底部夹具之间,一个夹具以控制速率移动,在夹具移动的同时记录样品承受的力。在下文所述测试中,将管和鲁尔接头的组件固定在设备夹具中,并且测量从鲁尔接头移除管所需的最大力(以磅为单位)。这种测试称作拉拔测试:
1、测试设备夹具设置成以3英寸的间距间隔开。
2、管的鲁尔接头端夹持在上夹具的中心。
3、管的自由端夹持在下夹具的中心。
4、开始拉拔测试并持续,直到以每分钟12英寸的速率从鲁尔接头拉出管为止。
5、记录从鲁尔接头拉出管时的磅力(磅,lbs),并且从夹具移除管。
6、针对每种类型的鲁尔接头/管组件的每个样品(10×)重复步骤1-5。
从美国新泽西州11717,Edgewood,150-Q Executive Drive,Qosina Inc.(Qosina.com)购买用在组装中和拉拔测试中的可商购鲁尔接头样品,具有以下标识和规格:零件编号65213,母鲁尔接头,内径为0.145英寸至0.156英寸,外径为0.206英寸,材料:聚丙烯。
如由图5总结的粘合强度数据所示,相对于仅仅依赖于机械过盈配合的非溶剂粘合组件而言,由VistamaxxTM 3980FL(条纹柱)或者VistamaxxTM 3020FL(无条纹柱)形成的外表面层通过有效性最低的粘合溶剂(乙酸乙酯)溶剂粘合而成的多层(两种材料,两层)管10在粘合到聚丙烯鲁尔接头的粘合强度方面仍提供了显著改进。如数据所示,与仅仅基于机械过盈配合(没有溶剂)的大约2.3lbs-2.6lbs的粘合强度相比,有效性最低溶剂的粘合强度至少大约为3.5lbs。多种溶剂产生的粘合强度大于4lbs,介于6.3lbs至13.5lbs。
图6示出了两种非水基流体系统DMSO和NMP分别与根据本发明一个实施例的上述Vistamaxx 3980FL管试样的化学相容性。DMSO(二甲基亚砜)和NMP(N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮)为美国食品和药物管理局认可的用于药物流体中的常用流体载体或者溶剂,并且除了其它用途以外还通常用来溶解不易溶于水的亲脂性药理物质。DMSO和NMP也公认为作为强溶剂或者应力开裂剂对于多种聚合物非常具有侵蚀性。数据给出了对由Vistamaxx 3980FL作为外层、与聚丙烯内层共挤并且利用二甲苯或环己烷溶剂粘合到聚丙烯鲁尔接头所制成样品的拉拔测试结果。在制备管和鲁尔接头组件之后,对鲁尔接头热压接,以在与管插入端的相反端处密封鲁尔接头。在密封了鲁尔接头端之后,向管和鲁尔接头组件填充DMSO或者NMP,并且在密封玻璃罐中在室温条件(72°F/50%R.H.)静置。在填充之后的24小时和48小时,从管和鲁尔接头组件中排出DMSO和NMP,并且对样品进行拉拔测试。如图6所示,在上述时间期间,管和鲁尔接头之间的粘合强度几乎没有或者没有退化。管没有发生明显的膨胀,并且鲁尔接头不存在膨胀或者开裂。
显然,本领域技术人员将明白多种修改方案和变型方案。因此,本文公开内容不是要把本发明完全限制为图示以及描述的构造和操作。所有适当等同物都包括在要求保护的本发明范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种将聚合物匹配管与预制管状体同轴粘合的方法,预制管状体限定了具有纵向轴线的中空中央管状通道,中空中央管状通道由聚丙烯基材料的内壁界定,所述方法包括:
挤出成型聚合物匹配管,其具有管状外壁表面和中央管状通道,管状外壁表面包括热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料,中央管状通道具有纵向轴线和相反的两端部;
在聚合物匹配管的一个端部处沿着选定轴向长度用溶剂处理聚合物匹配管的管状外壁表面,溶剂使被处理的管状外壁表面在干燥后粘附到预制管状体的内壁;
将处理后的聚合物匹配管端部同轴插入到预制管状体的中空中央管状通道,使得处理后的端部的管状外壁表面沿着选定轴向长度匹配预制管状体的内壁以形成匹配的接合部;
让匹配的接合部干燥,使得处理后的管状外壁表面溶剂粘合到内壁;
其中,从环己酮、环己烷、正己烷、二甲苯、四氢呋喃(THF)、乙酸乙酯(EA)和甲乙酮(MEK)中的一种或者多种选择溶剂,并且,PBE是第一聚合物组分(FPC)和第二聚合物组分(SPC)的共混物,第一聚合物组分是主要为结晶的有规立构聚丙烯,第二聚合物组分是C2,C4-C20α-烯烃和丙烯的可结晶共聚物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,聚合物匹配管具有包括聚乙烯(PE)层的内壁,内壁的PE是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或者它们的共混物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,挤出成型步骤包括将PBE材料的管状外层与热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料的至少一个最内管状层共挤成型,聚合物匹配管的共挤成型管状外层是PBE,其乙烯含量按重量计至少占9%,并且聚合物匹配管的最内管状层是聚乙烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,预制管状体包括PBE材料的预制体,预制管状体的PBE材料是聚丙烯均聚物、或者主要为丙烯单元和乙烯的共聚物。
5.一种粘合的管状组件,包括:
预制管状体,其限定了具有纵向轴线的中空中央管状通道,中空中央管状通道由丙烯基材料的内壁界定;
挤出成型的匹配管,其具有挤出成型的管状外壁表面,管状外壁表面包括热塑性丙烯基弹性体(PBE)材料,所述匹配管具有中央管状通道,中央管状通道具有纵向轴线和相反的两端部,
其中,匹配管的一个端部同轴定位在预制管状体的中空中央管状通道内,使得匹配管一个端部的管状外壁表面沿着匹配管的选定轴向长度与预制管状体的内壁匹配,
相互匹配的管状外壁表面和内壁彼此溶剂粘合,
其中,PBE是第一聚合物组分(FPC)和第二聚合物组分(SPC)的共混物,第一聚合物组分是主要为结晶的有规立构聚丙烯,第二聚合物组分是C2,C4-C20α-烯烃和丙烯的可结晶共聚物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的管状组件,其中,挤出成型匹配管是共挤成型匹配管,其具有PBE材料的管状外层和热塑性乙烯基烯烃材料的至少一个最内管状层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的管状组件,其中,共挤成型的匹配管的管状外层是PBE材料,其乙烯含量按重量计至少为9%,并且匹配管的最内管状层是聚乙烯。
8.根据权利要求5所述的管状组件,其中,匹配管具有形成了中央管状通道的内壁,内壁包括共挤成型的聚乙烯(PE)层。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的管状组件,其中,PE是低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)或者它们的共混物。
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