CN106745170B - 一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料及其制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料及其制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001868 cobalt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料及其制备和在脱汞方面的应用。包括如下步骤:以一定比例的硝酸铈和钴盐为原料,以尿素作为碱源,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮作为表面活性剂,混合水解反应,得到的混合物经水热恒温保存和洗涤干燥后,再经过煅烧,获得形貌规则、尺寸均一、完整的片状纳米结构的钴掺杂氧化铈。本发明所制备的钴掺杂氧化铈材料结构新颖,原料简单易得,工序简单,反应过程清洁,无二次污染。应用于气体中汞的脱除,方法简单,脱汞效果好,处理浓度为75μg/m3的Hg0蒸气,在无氧或通入4%氧气条件下,脱汞率均可达到97%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料制备技术的领域,具体涉及一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料及其制备方法和在脱汞方面的应用。
背景技术
氧化铈是一种用途极广的稀土氧化物,具有可快速转换的Ce3+/Ce4+、优越的储放氧功能、高温快速氧空位扩散能力,被广泛应用于催化领域。当将材料尺寸控制在纳米尺寸时,呈现出独特的物理化学性能,有利于提升其催化活性。而且不同形貌结构的氧化铈纳米材料在催化性能也存在很大的差异。近年来,研究获得了棒状、花状、球状、纤维状、片状等多种形貌的氧化铈材料,其中分散性好、规则有序、比表面积大的片状纳米氧化铈材料在催化领域具有良好的应用前景。
而氧化铈掺杂其他外来金属离子后,离子尺寸不同引起的晶格结构的扭曲形变,或掺杂离子价态的改变打破离子价态平衡,这些都可以导致晶格内出现更多的晶格缺陷和氧空位,从而进一步增加储氧能力和氧化还原能力,进而提高催化活性。因此研发新型的片状金属掺杂氧化铈纳米材料是重点发展方向之一。
目前氧化铈纳米材料的合成方法大多原料复杂、步骤复杂,周期长,且不够清洁节能,不易推广应用,且材料在催化应用方面存在一定的局限性。
发明内容
为解决上述现有技术存在的问题。本发明的目的在于提供一种比表面积更大的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料及其制备和应用。本发明制备方法简单、制备周期短、清洁、重复性。制备的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料比表面积大,储氧能力强,脱汞效果好,应用简单,使用方便。
本发明的目的是通过以下方式实现的。
一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:将硝酸铈、钴盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、尿素混合经水热反应后,再经过煅烧,获得片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,钴盐包括氯化钴、硝酸钴、醋酸钴中的一种或几种。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,铈与钴的摩尔比:1:(0.02~0.2)。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,所采用的硝酸铈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和尿素投加的质量比为:1:(0.5~2):(2~6)。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,水热反应温度130℃-170℃,时间10-12小时。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,煅烧温度450-600℃,煅烧2-4h。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,将硝酸铈和钴盐及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌5-30分钟,加入一定量的尿素混合水解反应20-60分钟,得到的混合物再进行水热反应。
所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,水热反应后的产物水洗三次,乙醇洗两次,抽滤后,将其60℃干燥8小时以上,再进行煅烧。
上述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料用于催化脱汞。具体的方法为:
反应温度为150℃-250℃,气态Hg0的浓度为50-100μg/m3,载气为N2,空速为150000h-1,所述材料在载气或含有4%以下O2的载气条件下进行脱汞。
本发明的优点是:
(1)本发明提供了一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,制备过程简单清洁可控,原料简单易得,同时,目前许多效果较好的脱汞催化剂中含有Au、Pd等贵金属,成本较高,本方法制备原料价格相对较低。
(2)本发明提供的钴掺杂氧化铈呈现形貌规则、尺寸均一的片状结构,晶粒有序堆叠,使材料结构表面呈凹凸不平状,有利于增加反应位点和活性,同时与纯二氧化铈相比,材料表面氧含量及储氧能力具有大幅度提升。
(3)本发明的钴掺杂氧化铈的纳米材料,脱汞效果好,处理浓度为75μg/m3的Hg0蒸气,在无氧或通入4%氧气后,脱汞效果均可达到97%,而一般的催化剂往往还需要通入HCl才能进行脱汞。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法所制备的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的SEM图和TEM图;
图2为本发明方法所制备的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的XRD图谱;
图3为实施例1中获得的钴掺杂氧化铈脱汞效果图;
图4为实施例2中获得的钴掺杂氧化铈脱汞效果图。
具体实施方式
以下以具体的实施例来说明本发明作进一步说明,但有必要指出以下实施例只用于对发明内容的进一步说明,并不会形成对本发明的限制。
实施例1
将0.143g硝酸铈,0.095g氯化钴及0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入30mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10min直到其完全溶解,然后将2.196g尿素加入到反应溶液中,搅拌反应30min,将混合物加入到水热反应釜中。将反应釜放入烘箱中,150℃恒温10h。然后将所得混合溶液用去离子水洗涤三次,乙醇洗两次,在60℃烘箱中干燥10h,最后在马弗炉中500℃煅烧4h,即可得到钴掺杂氧化铈的片状纳米材料。
实施例2
将0.143g硝酸铈,0.062g醋酸钴及0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入30mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10min直到其完全溶解,然后将2.196g尿素加入到反应溶液中,搅拌反应30min,将混合物加入到水热反应釜中。将反应釜放入烘箱中,150℃恒温10h。然后将所得混合溶液用去离子水洗涤三次,乙醇洗两次,在60℃烘箱中干燥10h,最后在马弗炉中500℃煅烧4h,即可得到钴掺杂氧化铈的片状纳米材料。
实施例3
将0.143g硝酸铈,0.073g硝酸钴及0.5g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入30mL去离子水中,磁力搅拌10min直到其完全溶解,然后将2.196g尿素加入到反应溶液中,搅拌反应30min,将混合物加入到水热反应釜中。将反应釜放入烘箱中,150℃恒温10h。然后将所得混合溶液用去离子水洗涤三次,乙醇洗两次,在60℃烘箱中干燥10h,最后在马弗炉中500℃煅烧4h,即可得到钴掺杂氧化铈的片状纳米材料。
实施例4
在200℃的条件下,分别以实施例1所制备的材料为催化剂处理浓度为75μg/m3的Hg0蒸气,空速为150000h-1,在通N2载气条件下,脱汞效果可达到97%。
实施例5
在200℃的条件下,分别以实施例2所制备的材料为催化剂处理浓度为75μg/m3的Hg0蒸气,空速为150000h-1,以N2为载气,在通4%O2条件下,脱汞效果可达到98%。
Claims (7)
1.一种片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:将硝酸铈、钴盐、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、尿素混合经水热反应后,再经过煅烧,获得片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料;水热反应温度130℃-170℃,时间10-12小时;铈与钴的摩尔比:1:(0.02~0.2);所采用的硝酸铈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和尿素投加的质量比为:1:(0.5~2):(2~6)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,钴盐包括氯化钴、硝酸钴、醋酸钴中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,煅烧温度450-600℃,煅烧2-4h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,将硝酸铈和钴盐及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入到去离子水中,磁力搅拌5-30分钟,加入一定量的尿素混合水解反应20-60分钟,得到的混合物再进行水热反应。
5.根据权利要求1所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,水热反应后的产物水洗三次,乙醇洗两次,抽滤后,将其60℃干燥8小时以上,再进行煅烧。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法制备而成的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料。
7.权利要求6所述的片状结构的钴掺杂氧化铈纳米材料用于催化脱汞。
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