CN106720341A - 一种红薯酸奶的加工方法 - Google Patents
一种红薯酸奶的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明属于食品加工技术领域,具体公开了一种红薯酸奶的加工方法。该红薯酸奶的加工方法包括以下具体步骤:(1)原料的处理:挑选、清洗、去皮、切块;(2)红薯浆的制备:打浆调pH;(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解;(4)复原乳的制备:脱脂奶粉溶于蒸馏水后过滤;(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶混合均匀并均质;(6)杀菌、冷却;(7)接种、灌装和发酵;(8)后发酵。该红薯酸奶加工方法用红薯与鲜奶配合发酵制成的红薯酸奶,有红薯特有的香味,同时增加了酸奶纤维素、维生素和多种微量元素含量,营养丰富,酸甜可口,口感细腻,绿色安全,具有一定的保健作用,既可达丰富红薯产品的目的,又能增进人体的健康。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及食品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种红薯酸奶的加工方法。
【背景技术】
红薯含有丰富的淀粉、膳食纤维、胡萝卜素、维生素A、B族、C、E以及钾、铁、铜、硒、钙等10余种矿物质元素和亚油酸等,营养价值很高,且有抗癌、有益于心脏、抗糖尿病等作用,已被营养学家当作一种药食兼用、营养最均衡的保健食品。特别是红薯中含有大量膳食纤维,在肠道内无法被消化吸收,能刺激肠道,增强蠕动,通便排毒,延缓人衰老的过程,有助于预防痔疮和大肠癌的发生。而酸奶是由牛奶经乳酸菌发酵制成的,除具有鲜牛奶的营养价值外,还有乳酸及B族维生素等,长期饮用既可保证钙质的需求,又可健肠胃,调节人体代谢,提高人的抗病能力,使人健康长寿,对儿童、老年人尤佳。因此,已被越来越多的人所青睐。
我国红薯资源极为丰富,具有广阔的前景,但目前红薯产品较为单一,加工利用水平低等因素制约了红薯的开发利用。另外,我国乳源不足,特别是鲜乳的供应极不平衡,加上成本较高,也制约了酸乳发展。因此,合理开发利用红薯资源,使之代替乳源和糖源,对我国乳酸工业的发展和农产品资源的开发利用是有意义的。
【发明内容】
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种红薯酸奶的加工方法。该红薯酸奶加工方法用红薯与鲜奶配合发酵制成的红薯酸奶,有红薯特有的香味,同时增加了酸奶纤维素、维生素和多种微量元素含量,营养丰富,酸甜可口,口感细腻,绿色安全,具有一定的保健作用,既可达丰富红薯产品的目的,又能增进人体的健康。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)原料的处理:选取新鲜优质的红薯,清洗去皮并切成1cm的小方块,将所得红薯小方块放入护色液中浸泡30min;
(2)红薯浆的制备:取出红薯小方块,按照料液比1:3-5加蒸馏水,将红薯小方块打成浆,并将所得浆的pH调为6.5-7.0,即得红薯浆,备用;
(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解:将所得红薯浆在90℃下隔水加热15-20min后,自然冷却至40-50℃;往冷却后的红薯浆中加入质量为红薯浆1-1.5%的酶解剂,在60℃下酶解3h,即可得到酶解红薯浆;
(4)复原乳的制备:将脱脂奶粉和蒸馏水充分混合溶解后过滤,即可得到所述复原乳,备用;
(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶混合均匀,将所得混合液预热至65℃后,在均质机中均质;
(6)杀菌、冷却:将均质好的混合液置于夹层锅中,在95℃下加热杀菌10min后,冷却至35-40℃;
(7)接种、灌装和发酵:往冷却后的混合液中接种直投式菌种,缓慢搅拌至混合均匀后,分装于无菌奶瓶中,密封,于43℃发酵5h后,即得到前发酵产物;
(8)后发酵:将前发酵产物置于2-4℃下冷藏22-24h,即可得到本发明的红薯酸奶。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述去皮的方法为:用竹丝团手工擦去红薯外表皮。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(1)中,所述护色液由质量百分数为0.15%的柠檬酸、0.13%的茄红素、0.12%的异抗坏血酸钠、0.10%的虾青素和99.73%的蒸馏水混合溶解制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(3)中,所述酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶按质量比3:2:1:4:2混合制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(4)中,所述脱脂奶粉和所述蒸馏水的质量比为2:23,所述蒸馏水的温度为35-40℃。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(5)中,所述酶解红薯浆、所述复原乳、所述蜂蜜和所述明胶的质量比为48:44.5:7:0.1。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(7)中,所述直投式菌种由保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌按质量比5:3:3:2:1混合制成。
在本发明中,进一步的,步骤(7)中,所述直投式菌种的添加量为0.15%的质量百分数。
首先,为了不影响产品的色泽和品质,本发明采用竹丝团手工擦去红薯外表皮,该去皮方法与一般的机械、化学和手工刨皮相比,去皮效果好、成本低及红薯肉损失少,红薯肉的得率高,可达99%。
第二,将切块后的红薯及时用护色液进行浸泡处理,可以防止红薯中的酚类物质褐变,起到防氧化、护色的作用,而且,使用本发明的护色液进行护色的效果比单一使用护色液中任一组分的效果好。经过本发明护色液的浸泡,不仅可以使红薯呈淡黄色,颜色素净,与酸奶本身的颜色相似,增加了红薯酸奶的色泽美观度,而且还可以避免红薯水分的流失,以减少打浆时加入的水量,从而可提高酶解时的出汁率,进而最大程度的保持了红薯原有营养和风味。
而将红薯浆的pH调为6.5-7.0,是为了维持后续酶解步骤中酶分子结构的稳定性,从而保证酶的活性,进而有利于酶对红薯中有效成分的分解。而本发明的酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶合理搭配制成,各个酶相互协调作用,不仅可以使红薯中淀粉、氨基酸和纤维素的分解率分别提高13%、9%和14%,从而可以增强所制得红薯酸奶的醇厚感,使红薯风味更浓郁;而且酶解过后得到的酶解红薯浆对大肠杆菌、假单孢菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑制效果,其中对大肠杆菌的抑制率可达82%,从而可增强所制得红薯酸奶的稳定性和安全性。并且,通过合理控制酶解剂的添加量以及其他酶解条件来进一步增强对红薯中有效成分的分解,从而可以适当降低红薯浆的黏度、提高出汁率,进而可在增加红薯浆甜度的情况下保持一定的粘稠度,以可以达到以下四个目的:一是可以减少加工过程中增甜剂的用量、以保持红薯酸奶的原有风味,使口感甜而不腻;二是增加红薯酸奶的稳定性、防止乳清析出;三是可为后续发酵步骤中接种菌种的生长提供足够的碳源,以保证菌种的活性,利于发酵;四是避免红薯浆粘度过高而导致搅拌困难,使后续加入的原料无法混合均匀,从而影响红薯酸奶的口感。其中,在该酶解条件下,红薯的出汁率可达44%。
第三,本发明糊化和杀菌步骤分别采用了隔水加热和蒸汽加热方法,采用这两种方法更有利于对加热温度进行实时控制,避免了加热对象与加热源直接接触,避免糊化、粘锅等现象的发生,最大程度的保证了红薯浆和均质混合液的原有营养和风味。
第四,本发明的直投式菌种除了含有传统的发酵菌种保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌外,还含有嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌,这不仅在工艺上节省了传统发酵菌种活化扩大培养的时间,缩短了发酵时间,而且使发酵生产出来的酸奶含有多种活性益生菌,品质较好,更利于人体的健康。
第五,在本发明中,采用蜂蜜来代替常用的增甜剂蔗糖,可以使红薯酸奶的营养更全面,赋予了红薯酸奶更好的保健功能。并且,当酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶的质量比为48:44.5:7:0.1时,不仅可以有效的抑制由于发酵菌种中的乳杆菌持续发酵产酸而引起的红薯酸奶后酸化现象,增强了红薯酸奶的凝乳稳定性、口感和风味。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:所制得的红薯酸奶质地均匀细腻,具有红薯的香味和浓郁的乳香味,营养丰富,酸甜可口,口感细腻、柔和,稳定性强、绿色安全,具有一定的保健作用。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1
一种红薯酸奶的加工方法包括以下具体步骤:
(1)原料的处理:选取新鲜优质的红薯,清洗、用竹丝团手工去皮并切成1cm的小方块,将所得红薯小方块放入护色液中浸泡30min;
(2)红薯浆的制备:取出红薯小方块,按照料液比1:3加蒸馏水,将红薯小方块打成浆,并将所得浆的pH调为6.5,即得红薯浆,备用;
(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解:将所得红薯浆在90℃下隔水加热15min后,自然冷却至40℃;往冷却后的红薯浆中质量为红薯浆1%的酶解剂,在60℃下酶解3h,即可得到酶解红薯浆;
(4)复原乳的制备:将脱脂奶粉和35℃的蒸馏水按质量比为2:23充分混合溶解后过滤,即可得到所述复原乳,备用;
(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶按质量比为48:44.5:7:0.1混合均匀,将所得混合液预热至65℃后,在均质机中均质;
(6)杀菌、冷却:将均质好的混合液置于夹层锅中,在95℃下加热杀菌10min后,冷却至35℃;
(7)接种、灌装和发酵:往冷却后的混合液中接种质量分数为0.15%的直投式菌种,缓慢搅拌至混合均匀后,分装于无菌奶瓶中,密封,于43℃发酵5h后,即得到前发酵产物;
(8)后发酵:将前发酵产物置于2℃下冷藏22h,即可得到本发明的红薯酸奶。
其中,所述护色液由质量百分数为0.15%的柠檬酸、0.13%的茄红素、0.12%的异抗坏血酸钠、0.10%的虾青素和99.73%的蒸馏水混合溶解制成;所述酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶按质量比3:2:1:4:2混合制成;所述直投式菌种由保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌按质量比5:3:3:2:1混合制成。
实施例2
一种红薯酸奶的加工方法包括以下具体步骤:
(1)原料的处理:选取新鲜优质的红薯,清洗、用竹丝团手工去皮并切成1cm的小方块,将所得红薯小方块放入护色液中浸泡30min;
(2)红薯浆的制备:取出红薯小方块,按照料液比1:4加蒸馏水,将红薯小方块打成浆,并将所得浆的pH调为6.7,即得红薯浆,备用;
(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解:将所得红薯浆在90℃下隔水加热18min后,自然冷却至45℃;往冷却后的红薯浆中加入质量为红薯浆1.2%的酶解剂,在60℃下酶解3h,即可得到酶解红薯浆;
(4)复原乳的制备:将脱脂奶粉和38℃的蒸馏水按质量比为2:23充分混合溶解后过滤,即可得到所述复原乳,备用;
(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶混合均匀,将所得混合液预热至65℃后,在均质机中均质;
(6)杀菌、冷却:将均质好的混合液置于夹层锅中,在95℃下加热杀菌10min后,冷却至37℃;
(7)接种、灌装和发酵:往冷却后的混合液中接种质量分数为0.15%的直投式菌种,缓慢搅拌至混合均匀后,分装于无菌奶瓶中,密封,于43℃发酵5h后,即得到前发酵产物;
(8)后发酵:将前发酵产物置于3℃下冷藏23h,即可得到本发明的红薯酸奶。
其中,所述护色液由质量百分数为0.15%的柠檬酸、0.13%的茄红素、0.12%的异抗坏血酸钠、0.10%的虾青素和99.73%的蒸馏水混合溶解制成;所述酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶按质量比3:2:1:4:2混合制成;所述直投式菌种由保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌按质量比5:3:3:2:1混合制成。
实施例3
一种红薯酸奶的加工方法包括以下具体步骤:
(1)原料的处理:选取新鲜优质的红薯,清洗、用竹丝团手工去皮并切成1cm的小方块,将所得红薯小方块放入护色液中浸泡30min;
(2)红薯浆的制备:取出红薯小方块,按照料液比1:5加蒸馏水,将红薯小方块打成浆,并将所得浆的pH调为7.0,即得红薯浆,备用;
(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解:将所得红薯浆在90℃下隔水加热20min后,自然冷却至50℃;往冷却后的红薯浆中加入质量为红薯浆1.5%的酶解剂,在60℃下酶解3h,即可得到酶解红薯浆;
(4)复原乳的制备:将脱脂奶粉和40℃的蒸馏水充分混合溶解后过滤,即可得到所述复原乳,备用;
(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶按质量比为48:44.5:7:0.1混合均匀,将所得混合液预热至65℃后,在均质机中均质;
(6)杀菌、冷却:将均质好的混合液置于夹层锅中,在95℃下加热杀菌10min后,冷却至40℃;
(7)接种、灌装和发酵:往冷却后的混合液中接种质量分数为0.15%的直投式菌种,缓慢搅拌至混合均匀后,分装于无菌奶瓶中,密封,于43℃发酵5h后,即得到前发酵产物;
(8)后发酵:将前发酵产物置于4℃下冷藏24h,即可得到本发明的红薯酸奶。
其中,所述护色液由质量百分数为0.15%的柠檬酸、0.13%的茄红素、0.12%的异抗坏血酸钠、0.10%的虾青素和99.73%的蒸馏水混合溶解制成;所述酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶按质量比3:2:1:4:2混合制成;所述直投式菌种由保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌按质量比5:3:3:2:1混合制成。
对以上三个实施例制得的红薯酸奶进行相关性质的测评。
1.感官评价
邀请10位有经验的食品专业人员对成品进行感官评价,取平均分,评定标准见表1.1,评定结果见表1.2:
表1.1红薯酸奶感官评定标准表
项目 | 评分标准 | 满分100分 |
口感 | 爽口、细腻润滑 | 30 |
组织状态 | 无气泡、无杂质、微量乳清析出 | 20 |
酸甜度 | 酸甜适中 | 10 |
气味 | 具有浓郁的红薯香和乳香、无异味 | 10 |
凝乳状态 | 紧密、均匀、不分层 | 30 |
表1.2实施例1-3制得的红薯酸奶感官评价结果表
结果 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
平均分 | 99.5 | 98.5 | 99.0 |
由表2可知,本发明各实施例的所制得的红薯酸奶具有好的感官评价,感官平均分为98以上。
2.理化指标
脂肪测定:按照GB 5413.36-2010婴幼儿食品和乳品中反式脂肪酸的测定;
蛋白质测定:按照GB5009.5-2010食品中蛋白质的测定;
非脂乳固体测定:按照GB 5413.39-2010乳和乳制品中非脂乳固体的测定;
酸度测定:按照GB 5413.34-2010乳和乳制品酸度的测定;
测定结果见表2:
表2实施例1-3所制得酸奶的理化指标测定结果表
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
脂肪(g/100g) | 2.3-2.8 | 2.4-2.7 | 2.2-2.8 |
蛋白质(g/100g) | ≥2.8 | ≥2.8 | ≥2.9 |
非脂乳固体(g/100g) | 8.0-8.3 | 8.0-8.2 | 8.1-8.4 |
酸度(°T) | 73-76 | 75-78 | 74-77 |
由表2可知,各实施例的各项理化指标都符合GB 19302-2010标准。
3.微生物指标
按照GB 4789.18-2010食品微生物学检验,结果见表3:
表3实施例1-3所制得酸奶的微生物指标测定结果
项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 |
大肠杆菌(CFU/mL) | ≤8 | ≤7 | ≤7 |
酵母菌(CFU/mL) | ≤95 | ≤93 | ≤95 |
乳酸菌(CFU/mL) | ≥1X108 | ≥1.5X108 | ≥1.25X108 |
致病菌(CFU/mL) | 未检出 | 未检出 | 未检出 |
由表3可知,各实施例的微生物指标均符合GB 19302-2010标准,且大肠杆菌的活菌数均≤8cfu/mL,含量低。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)原料的处理:选取新鲜优质的红薯,清洗去皮并切成1cm的小方块,将所得红薯小方块放入护色液中浸泡30min;
(2)红薯浆的制备:取出红薯小方块,按照料液比1:3-5加蒸馏水,将红薯小方块打成浆,并将所得浆的pH调为6.5-7.0,即得红薯浆,备用;
(3)红薯浆的糊化和酶解:将所得红薯浆在90℃下隔水加热15-20min后,自然冷却至40-50℃;往冷却后的红薯浆中加入质量为红薯浆1-1.5%的酶解剂,在60℃下酶解3h,即可得到酶解红薯浆;
(4)复原乳的制备:将脱脂奶粉和蒸馏水充分混合溶解后过滤,即可得到所述复原乳,备用;
(5)调配:将酶解红薯浆、复原乳、蜂蜜和明胶混合均匀,将所得混合液预热至65℃后,在均质机中均质;
(6)杀菌、冷却:将均质好的混合液置于夹层锅中,在95℃下加热杀菌10min后,冷却至35-40℃;
(7)接种、灌装和发酵:往冷却后的混合液中接种直投式菌种,缓慢搅拌至混合均匀后,分装于无菌奶瓶中,密封,于43℃发酵5h后,即得到前发酵产物;
(8)后发酵:将前发酵产物置于2-4℃下冷藏22-24h,即可得到本发明的红薯酸奶。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述去皮的方法为:用竹丝团手工擦去红薯外表皮。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述护色液由质量百分数为0.15%的柠檬酸、0.13%的茄红素、0.12%的异抗坏血酸钠、0.10%的虾青素和99.73%的蒸馏水混合溶解制成。
4.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述酶解剂由α-淀粉酶、纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶、米曲酶和枯草杆菌酶按质量比3:2:1:4:2混合制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述脱脂奶粉和所述蒸馏水的质量比为2:23,所述蒸馏水的温度为35-40℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述酶解红薯浆、所述复原乳、所述蜂蜜和所述明胶的质量比为48:44.5:7:0.1。
7.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,所述直投式菌种由保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌按质量比5:3:3:2:1混合制成。
8.根据权利要求1所述一种红薯酸奶的加工方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中,所述直投式菌种的添加量为0.15%的质量百分数。
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