CN105249099B - 一种南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种南酸枣乳酸菌饮料的制作方法,包括(1)南酸枣的前处理(2)南酸枣汁的制备(3)菌种的活化与驯化(4)南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的发酵。本发明以南酸枣鲜果为主要发酵基质,利用五步法驯化的复合乳酸菌为发酵剂,采用特有的培养基进行发酵,制备出具有改善肠道功能、抗氧化、提高人体免疫力等功能的南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料。产品香味独特,营养价值高,富含酚类物质,抗氧化性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工生产技术领域,具体是一种以南酸枣为主要原料的乳酸菌饮料。
背景技术
南酸枣,又名五眼果、山枣等,为漆树科南酸枣属植物。南酸枣的营养成分较为丰富,其果肉的蛋白质含量约为0.92%~1.48%,而有机酸含量可达5.22%~8.13%,另外还含有丰富的Ca、Fe、Zn、Cu、P等矿物元素及多种生物活性物质,如槲皮素、鞣花酸、没食子酸等。研究报道南酸枣的干燥成果具有抗心律失常、保护心肌缺血等心脑血管疾病的功能。另外,南酸枣的水提物在体内外都表现出良好的抗氧化性。我国具有丰富的南酸枣资源。因此,我们要合理有效地利用南酸枣资源,增加南酸枣工业用途,提高南酸枣的经济效益。
乳酸菌饮料是一款风味独特的发酵乳饮料,集口感、营养于一体,还具备一些调配型酸乳饮料所没有的优点。乳酸菌饮料是向培养基中接入乳酸菌进行乳酸菌发酵所制得的,其部分乳糖转化为乳酸,有利于乳糖不耐受症人群的食用,而蛋白则被转化为多种氨基酸、肽等,同时也可促进人体的消化吸收,并生成多种呈味物质,使其具备更良好的风味及口感。现有乳酸菌发酵饮料中,以牛奶为发酵基料较多,也有研究采用大豆等与牛奶调配的,但是产品较少,而以南酸枣为基料的还未曾有人研究。
发明内容
为了充分利用南酸枣的功效,提高南酸枣的附加值,丰富南酸枣的产品形式,本发明提供一种南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的制作方法。
一种南酸枣乳酸菌饮料的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)南酸枣的前处理:选择饱满、成熟、新鲜的南酸枣,用清水洗净,剥离南酸枣枣核,将枣肉和枣皮放入44-46℃烘箱中11-12h,烘干的枣皮枣肉,粉碎过100目筛得到南酸枣粉;
(2)南酸枣汁的制备:取4.0g南酸枣粉,加入100mL蒸馏水,混匀,再加入0-10g的牛乳粉、8g的蔗糖、0.2-0.3g的高甲氧基果胶、0.1-0.3g黄原胶、0.2-0.3g羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀,pH值调至6.0-6.2,95℃高压灭菌10min,随后立刻冷却至40℃后,得到南酸枣汁;
(3)南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的发酵:取100g南酸枣汁,加入活化与驯化后的复合乳酸菌2-4g,在38-42℃条件下培养6-8h,所得的发酵液即为南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料。
复合乳酸菌活化与驯化的方法如下:
(1)将1.0×1015-1.0×1016CFU/g的嗜热链球菌0.04-0.06g和1.0×1014-1.0×1015CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌0.04-0.06g接种于脱脂乳培养基中,使其在4-5h内酸度达到60-80°T,完成活化;
(2)取100g南酸枣汁,加入10g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接入活化后的菌种,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅰ;
(3)取100g南酸枣汁,加入8g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
(4)取100g南酸枣汁,加入6g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
(5)取100g南酸枣汁,加入4g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅳ;
(6)取100g南酸枣汁,加入2g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅳ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得复合乳酸菌。
本发明的有益技术效果体现在以下方面:
(1)使用南酸枣作为原料,南酸枣富含多酚、蛋白质及有机酸等多种营养成分,对南酸枣汁与奶粉进行复配,使之适于乳酸菌生长;其次,南酸枣利于人体消化和吸收。南酸枣乳酸菌饮料丰富了南酸枣的产品形式,极大的提升了南酸枣的价值,拓展了南酸枣的加工利用领域;另外,南酸枣乳酸菌饮料将乳酸菌的保健功能与南酸枣的丰富营养紧密结合,富含多种营养物质,如膳食纤维和多酚等,利于人体消化,抗氧化能力强,是集营养和保健于一体的乳酸菌饮料。
(2)当发酵基质中含有足够的营养成分,乳酸菌才能正常生长和大量繁殖,而南酸枣汁中能被乳酸菌发酵利用的糖含量较低,故采用五步降低培养基中奶粉浓度的方法来进行驯化培养,使乳酸菌逐渐适应南酸枣汁的生长环境,提高酸度,使驯化后的酸度比驯化前显著性增长。乳酸菌饮料是一种不稳定的混合体系,故控制其稳定性是生产中的一大难点。
(3)本发明采用复合果胶、黄原胶、羧甲基纤维素钠处理南酸枣乳液,充分有效利用几种稳定剂之间的协同作用,这不仅可以减少稳定剂用量、降低生产成本,还可以避免因某种稳定剂添加过多而影响产品的感官,得到稳定性高的浆液,有利于南酸枣乳酸菌饮料制备。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例,对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)南酸枣的前处理:选择饱满、成熟、新鲜的南酸枣,用清水洗净,剥离南酸枣枣核,将枣肉和枣皮放入44-46℃烘箱中11-12h,烘干的枣皮枣肉,粉碎过100目筛得到南酸枣粉。
(2)南酸枣汁的制备:取4.00g南酸枣粉,加入100mL蒸馏水,混匀,再加入2g的牛乳粉、8g的蔗糖、0.25g的高甲氧基果胶、0.2g黄原胶、0.25g羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀,pH值调至6.0-6.2,95℃高压灭菌10min,随后立刻冷却至40℃后,得到南酸枣汁。
(3)南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的发酵:取100g南酸枣汁,加入活化与驯化后的复合乳酸菌3g,在40℃条件下培养7h,所得的发酵液即为南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料。
其中,菌种活化的方法为:将1.0×1015-1.0×1016CFU/g的嗜热链球菌0.04-0.06g和1.0×1014-1.0×1015CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌0.04-0.06g接种于脱脂乳培养基中,使其在4-5h内酸度达到60-80°T,完成活化。
实施例2
(1)南酸枣的前处理:选择饱满、成熟、新鲜的南酸枣,用清水洗净,剥离南酸枣枣核,将枣肉和枣皮放入44-46℃烘箱中11-12h,烘干的枣皮枣肉,粉碎过100目筛得到南酸枣粉。
(2)南酸枣汁的制备:取4.00g南酸枣粉,加入100mL蒸馏水,混匀,再加入2g的牛乳粉、8g的蔗糖、0.25g的高甲氧基果胶、0.2g黄原胶、0.25g羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀,pH值调至6.0-6.2,95℃高压灭菌10min,随后立刻冷却至40℃后,得到南酸枣汁。
(3)南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的发酵:取100g南酸枣汁,加入活化与驯化后的复合乳酸菌3g,在40℃条件下培养7h,所得的发酵液即为南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料。
其中,复合乳酸菌活化与驯化的方法如下:
(1)将1.0×1015-1.0×1016CFU/g的嗜热链球菌0.04-0.06g和1.0×1014-1.0×1015CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌0.04-0.06g接种于脱脂乳培养基中,使其在4-5h内酸度达到60-80°T,完成活化。
(2)取100g南酸枣汁,加入10g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接入活化后的菌种,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅰ。
(3)取100g南酸枣汁,加入8g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅱ。
(4)取100g南酸枣汁,加入6g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅲ。
(5)取100g南酸枣汁,加入4g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅳ。
(6)取100g南酸枣汁,加入2g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅳ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得复合乳酸菌。
将实例1和实例2对比可发现在添加相同含量牛乳粉的条件下,菌种在驯化前后的酸度和pH有显著性的区别。具体见表1:
表1添加2g奶粉菌种驯化前后的酸度和pH对比
由实例1和实例2得出:当发酵基质中含有足够的营养成分,乳酸菌才能正常生长和大量繁殖,而南酸枣汁中能被乳酸菌发酵利用的糖含量较低,故采用逐渐降低培养基中奶粉浓度的方法来进行驯化培养。在牛乳粉添加量为2g条件下,驯化后的酸度比驯化前显著性增长。乳酸菌经过渐进驯化法驯化培养后,其产酸能力得到提高,可适应含南酸枣汁且奶粉浓度较低的发酵体系。
Claims (1)
1.一种南酸枣乳酸菌饮料的制作方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
(1)功能性南酸枣汁的制备
1)南酸枣的前处理:选择饱满、成熟、新鲜的南酸枣,用清水洗净,剥离南酸枣枣核,将枣肉和枣皮放入44-46℃烘箱中,烘干的枣皮枣肉,粉碎过100目筛,得南酸枣粉;
2)南酸枣汁的制备:取4.0g南酸枣粉,加入100mL蒸馏水,混匀,再加入0-10g的牛乳粉、8g的蔗糖、0.2-0.3g的高甲氧基果胶、0.1-0.3g黄原胶、0.2-0.3g羧甲基纤维素钠,混匀,pH值调至6.0-6.2,95℃高压灭菌10min,随后立刻冷却至40℃后,得到南酸枣汁;
(2)菌种的活化与驯化
1)将1.0×1015-1.0×1016CFU/g的嗜热链球菌0.04-0.06g和1.0×1014-1.0×1015CFU/g的保加利亚乳杆菌0.04-0.06g接种于脱脂乳培养基中,使其在4-5h内酸度达到60-80°T,完成活化;
2)取100g南酸枣汁,加入10g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接入活化后的菌种,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅰ;
3)取100g南酸枣汁,加入8g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅰ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅱ;
4)取100g南酸枣汁,加入6g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅱ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅲ;
5)取100g南酸枣汁,加入4g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅲ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得发酵剂Ⅳ;
6)取100g南酸枣汁,加入2g奶粉,混匀,95℃条件下杀菌10min,冷却至40℃后,接种发酵剂Ⅳ,随即置于42℃恒温条件下进行驯化培养12h,将驯化后的菌种进行扩大培养,制得复合乳酸菌;
(3)南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料的发酵
取100g南酸枣汁,加入活化与驯化后的复合乳酸菌2-4g,在38-42℃条件下培养6-8h,所得的发酵液即为南酸枣功能性乳酸菌饮料。
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