CN106715569B - 用于光伏模块的封装剂 - Google Patents
用于光伏模块的封装剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106715569B CN106715569B CN201580036010.3A CN201580036010A CN106715569B CN 106715569 B CN106715569 B CN 106715569B CN 201580036010 A CN201580036010 A CN 201580036010A CN 106715569 B CN106715569 B CN 106715569B
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- silane
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- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920000800 acrylic rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920006228 ethylene acrylate copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 silane compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical group CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsilane Chemical compound [SiH3]C=C UKRDPEFKFJNXQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 16
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011074 autoclave method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;ethene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QYMGIIIPAFAFRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920006245 ethylene-butyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006225 ethylene-methyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNIYDALVXFPINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propylsilicon Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCC[Si] UNIYDALVXFPINL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRQMAAFGEXNUOL-LLVKDONJSA-N [(2R)-2-ethylhexyl] (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy carbonate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)COC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C BRQMAAFGEXNUOL-LLVKDONJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008366 benzophenones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphonous acid Chemical class OPO XRBCRPZXSCBRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000009823 thermal lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;diethylphosphinate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCP([O-])(=O)CC.CCP([O-])(=O)CC DXZMANYCMVCPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F210/00—Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F210/02—Ethene
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/14—Methyl esters, e.g. methyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F230/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F230/04—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal
- C08F230/08—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/5419—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond containing at least one Si—C bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5425—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one C=C bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明涉及光伏模块(20)的封装剂(22),其旨在用于包覆光伏电池(10),其包含:‑乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,所述共聚物的熔体流动指数(MFI)为1g/10min至40g/10min;‑硅烷,占所述组合物的重量的0.1%至0.5%;其特征在于它还包含占组合物重量的0.1%至0.5%的交联剂,并且所述共聚物占所述组合物重量的至少99%。本发明还涉及这种封装剂在光伏模块中的用途以及包括这种封装剂的光伏模块。
Description
技术领域
本发明的一个主题是其中仅以非常小量存在交联剂(过氧化物或异氰酸酯或任何其它具有交联功能的组分)的基于乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物的光伏模块封装剂。本发明还涉及一种光伏模块,或者涉及这种封装剂组合物在这种模块中的用途,该模块,除了封装剂层之外,还包括至少一个形成“前板”或“背板”的相邻层,更一般地这三个连续的层:“前板”,封装剂和“背板”。
与化石能源所释放的温室气体相关的全球变暖导致开发了在其运行期间不释放这种气体的替代能量解决方案,例如光伏模块。光伏模块包括“光伏电池”,这种电池能够将光能转换成电。
存在许多类型的光伏面板结构。
在附图1中,已经示出了常规的光伏电池;这种光伏电池10包括单电池12,一个单电池包含通常基于经处理的硅以获得光电性能的光伏传感器14,光伏传感器与设置在光伏传感器上方(上收集器)和下方(下收集器)的电子收集器16接触。单电池的上收集器16经由导电棒18连接到另一单电池12的下收集器16,导电棒18通常由金属合金组成。所有这些单电池12彼此串联和/或并联连接以形成光伏电池10。当光伏电池10被放置在光源下方时,其释放直流电流,其可在电池10的端子19回收。
参考附图2,光伏模块20包括被包覆在“封装剂”中的附图1的光伏电池10,封装剂由上部22和下部23构成。上保护层24(以英文术语“前板”而已知,用于下文中)和在模块背面的保护层(以英文术语“背板”而已知,也用于下文中)26被设置于该被封装的电池的任一侧。
光伏电池10的冲击和湿气保护由通常由玻璃制成的上保护层24提供。
背板26,例如基于含氟聚合物和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的多层膜,有助于光伏模块20的湿气保护和单电池12的电绝缘,以防止与外部环境的任何接触。
封装剂22必须完全匹配存在于光伏电池10和保护层24和26之间的空间的形状,以避免空气的存在,其将限制光伏模块的效率。封装剂22还必须防止单电池12与大气中的氧和水接触,以便限制其腐蚀。封装剂22的上部分被包括在电池10和上保护层24之间。封装剂22的下部分被包括在电池10和背板26之间。
在太阳辐射的存在下,在太阳能模块内部发生加热,并且可以达到80℃(或更高)的温度,这要求所述层在模块的整个生命周期中彼此完美地结合。
背景技术
目前,大多数光伏封装的市场对应于基于在其中添加过氧化物,硅烷和各种功能添加剂的EVA的配制剂。
EVA显示出许多对于这种应用有利的品质和性质。这是因为它主要赋予非常好的透明度、机械强度、耐老化性以及通常优异的热机械和机械性质的性质。此外,这种热塑性塑料相对便宜,因此它用于这种应用已经变得实际上是不可避免的。
然而,具有过氧化物和硅烷的基于EVA的封装剂类型表现出一个主要缺点。
具体地,当环境条件恶化时,即当EVA封装剂在热和潮湿条件下(DHT(湿热试验):85℃/85%HR(相对湿度))老化时,该组分受到水解,其导致乙酸的出现,其为封装剂的黄化和光伏模块的金属连接的腐蚀的来源。
本领域技术人员可以设想用乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物代替EVA,但是该技术方案虽然尽管避免了当EVA存在于苛刻的环境中时与EVA有关的具体问题,但是不允许获得正确的光伏模块。这是因为在层压期间,由于大量存在的过氧化物,在交联期间形成了许多气泡。
此外,文献WO2006095911提供了通过使用基于乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物的制剂的解决方案,该共聚物根据标准JIS K 7121获得的熔点(T,以℃计)将对应于以下式:-3.0X+125>T>-3.0X+109,变量(element)X表示极性共聚单体(丙烯酸酯)的摩尔含量。此外,该文献提供了该共聚物与硅烷的组合以便在玻璃上引入粘合性质。
然而,这种制剂不允许获得长期有效的封装剂。这是因为当硅烷不与聚合物化学键合时,硅烷具有不允许在玻璃上获得优良的粘合水平的缺点。
因此,目前正在寻求一种基于EVA的替代组分、但显示出同样有利的性质、同时限制释放乙酸的风险的解决方案。
此外,该解决方案还允许使用硅烷,其特别允许在“前板”的壁,即由玻璃陶瓷或合成玻璃(常规的PMMA)制成的部件上的固定。
发明内容
申请人公司在各种实验和处理之后已经发现,基于乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物和硅烷与非常少量交联剂的组合物,其可呈现特别满意的热机械性质和物理化学特性。
因此,本发明涉及旨在包覆光伏电池的光伏模块封装剂,其包含:
-乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,所述共聚物的熔体流动指数MFI为1g / 10min至40g/ 10min;
-硅烷,占所述组合物的重量的0.1%至0.5%;
其特征在于它还包含占组合物重量的0.1%至0.5%的交联剂,和特征在于所述共聚物占所述组合物重量的至少99%。
申请人公司实际上已经发现在进行“不完全交联”方面具有非常特定的优点。 交联剂,优选选自单过氧碳酸酯系列,更具体地由Luperox® TBEC或(OO-叔丁基O-(2-乙基己基)单过氧碳酸酯)组成以极少量存在,使得能够将硅烷接枝到共聚物,并且使后者充分交联,以使其抗蠕变,而不必实现显著的凝胶水平。 这种非常少量的过氧化物避免了在层压步骤中出现气泡的任何问题。
这种“不完全交联”具有能够在目前进行的层压步骤中实施的优点,而且还从包封剂膜的挤出开始,然后由此能够更快地层压。
根据本发明的组合物首先表现出以下优点:
-在其使用期间不管环境条件为如何,不可能出现乙酸,更通常地不可能出现酸;
-在组合物的整个寿命期间,特别是在其用作为光伏模块的封装剂期间维持组合物的优异的粘合性质;
-改善在困难环境中老化过程中的光学特性;
-保持优异的热机械性质和物理化学特性,至少与基于EVA(交联剂和硅烷)的现有技术方案一样令人满意。
本发明的初级混合物的其它特征和特点为如下:
- 有利地,交联剂属于单过氧碳酸酯族,优选由OO-叔丁基-O-(2-乙基己基)单过氧碳酸酯组成;
- 对于上述共聚物,优选,乙烯的重量含量在50%至85%之间,优选在60%至84%之间,丙烯酸烷基酯的重量含量在15%至50%之间,优选在16%至40%之间;
- 有利地,硅烷由乙烯基硅烷或(甲基)丙烯酸硅烷组成;
- 根据本发明的非限制性说明,硅烷由甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基硅烷组成;
- 有利地,交联剂占组合物重量的小于0.3%;
- 优选地,上述共聚物具有2g / 10min至10g / 10min之间的熔体流动指数MFI;
-根据由本发明提供的一种可能实施方案,组合物仅由上述共聚物,交联剂和硅烷组成;
-根据由本发明提供的另一个可能实施方案,该组合物另外包含旨在赋予额外的特定性质的添加剂,特别是增塑剂,粘合促进剂,UV稳定剂和吸收剂,抗氧化剂,阻燃剂和/或填料。
本发明还涉及如上所述的封装剂在光伏模块中的用途。
最后,本发明涉及包括由至少一种封装剂和前板或背板的组合构成的结构的光伏模块,其特征在于,封装剂如上所述。
附图说明
下面的描述仅通过说明性的非限制性的方式通过参考附图给出,其中:
已经描述的附图1表示光伏电池的示例,部分(a)和(b)为3/4视图,部分(a)示出连接之前的单电池,部分(b)是2个单电池连接后的视图;部分(c)是完整的光伏电池的俯视图。
已经描述的附图2表示光伏模块的横截面,其“常规”光伏传感器由上封装膜和下封装膜进行密封。
发明的详细描述
关于乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,它是本领域技术人员公知的组分。 在本发明的上下文中,该共聚物的特有特征基本上源于乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯的质量(或重量)比例和源于共聚物的熔体流动指数MFI,以克/ 10分钟表示,并且在 190℃,负荷2.16kg下测量。
乙烯的重量含量在50%至85%之间,优选在60%至84%之间,丙烯酸烷基酯的重量含量在15%至50%之间,优选在16%至40%之间。
共聚物的熔体流动指数(MFI)为1g/10min至40g/10min,优选为2g/10min至10g/10min。
作为非限制性实例,申请人在商业上使用称为LOTRYL®的组分,其是乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物。
本领域技术人员完全知道如何根据两种单体中的每一种的不同量生产/制造这样的共聚物。在下文中,本发明使用特定类型的乙烯-丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物进行介绍,但是本发明人已经证明,当共聚物在上面定义的乙烯和丙烯酸烷基酯的含量范围内变化时,根据本发明的封装剂组合物满足设定的目标,可能地,当所述共聚物具有在对于这两种单体优选的范围内所选择的乙烯和乙酸乙烯基酯的含量时,可能稍微更好地满足设定的目标。
关于硅烷,这是允许在封装剂和玻璃之间的粘附相互作用的化学化合物。作为硅烷的实例,可以提及甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷或任何其它携带与过氧化物型交联剂反应的官能团的硅烷。优选地,根据本发明的组合物中的硅烷是甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯。然而,通过选择乙烯基硅烷或(甲基)丙烯酸类硅烷族中的另一种硅烷,将获得等同或基本上等同的结果。
关于交联剂,其分解以引发和传播化学反应(用于将后者接枝到共聚物链上的硅烷)和(共聚物的)交联反应的该元素(element)是本领域技术人员公知的并且其对其制造/制备没有任何困难。
这里应当注意,交联剂的特定家族最好地符合本专利申请的上下文中设定的目标:这些是单过氧碳酸酯,并且在这些之中特别是OO-叔丁基-O-(2-乙基己基)单过氧碳酸酯,其特别是由申请人公司以商标Luperox® TBEC销售。
形成根据本发明的封装剂的组合物可以任选包含一定数量的旨在赋予额外的特定性质的添加剂。
可以加入增塑剂以便于加工并改善用于制备组合物和结构的方法的生产率。作为实例,将提及链烷烃,芳族或萘属矿物油,其也允许改进根据本发明的组合物的粘合能力。作为增塑剂,还可以提及邻苯二甲酸酯,壬二酸酯,己二酸酯或磷酸三甲苯酯。
当粘合性必须特别高时,可以有利地添加粘合促进剂(但不是必需的),以便提高组合物的粘合能力。粘合促进剂是非聚合物成分;它可以是有机的,结晶的,无机的,更优选半无机半有机的。在这些中,可以提及钛酸盐。
在组合物在光伏模块的这种特定应用中,由于UV辐射能够导致用作为所述模块的封装剂的组合物的轻微黄化,UV稳定剂和UV吸收剂例如苯并三唑,二苯甲酮和其它受阻胺可以被加入以确保封装剂在其寿命期间的透明度。这些化合物可以例如基于二苯甲酮或苯并三唑。可以以小于组合物总重量的10重量%,优选0.05%至3%的量加入。
还可以添加抗氧化剂以限制在制造封装剂期间的变黄,例如含磷化合物(亚膦酸酯和/或亚磷酸酯)和受阻酚类化合物。这些抗氧化剂可以以小于组合物总重量的10重量%,优选0.05%至3%的量进行加入。
也可以加入阻燃剂。这些阻燃剂可以是含卤素的或不含卤素的。在含卤素阻燃剂中,可以提及溴化产物。也可以使用磷基添加剂如磷酸铵、多磷酸盐、次膦酸盐或焦磷酸盐,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐,季戊四醇,沸石和这些试剂的混合物作为不含卤素的阻燃剂。组合物可以包含相对于组合物的总重量的3%至40%比例的这些试剂。
还可以以相对于组合物的总重量通常为5%至15%的比例添加颜料,例如二氧化钛,染色化合物或增亮化合物。
也可以加入填料,特别是无机填料,以改善组合物的热机械强度。非限制性地,作为实例,将给出二氧化硅,氧化铝或碳酸钙或碳纳米管或者玻璃纤维。将可以使用以约纳米等级进行混合的改性或非改性的粘土;这使得可以获得更透明的组合物。
根据本发明的封装剂的交联/制备和封装剂膜的制备(旨在并入光伏模块中):
常规地,交联是必要的,以便调节基于EVA的封装剂的热机械性质,特别是当温度变得非常高时。在这种特殊情况下,在本发明的上下文中,由于交联剂的含量非常低,交联不完全,但允许硅烷接枝到共聚物链上和该共聚物的部分交联。
将组合物的其它元素,即硅烷和任选的填料,以本领域技术人员公知的常规方式加入到交联剂和加入到前述共聚物中。
关于上述方面,题名为“Handbook of Polymer Foams and Technology”的手册,特别是第198至204页,提供了本领域技术人员可以参考的补充说明。
关于本发明的涉及热塑性组合物在光伏模块中的用途的方面,本领域技术人员可以参考例如“Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering”,Wiley,2003。这是因为,本发明的组合物可以用作在光伏模块中的封装剂或封装剂-背板,其结构结合附图进行描述。
用于形成所测试的制剂的材料:
Lotryl® 17BA07:乙烯/丙烯酸丁酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物的17重量%,其MFI为7g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。 它是根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为89℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,这个Lotryl® 用缩写17BA07表示。
Lotryl® 20MA08:乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物的20重量%,并且其MFI为8g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。它根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为75℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,此Lotryl®用缩写20MA08A表示。
Lotryl® 35BA40:乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物的35重量%,和其MFI为40g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。它根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为66℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,此Lotryl®用缩写35BA40表示。
Lotryl® 35BA320:乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物的35重量%,和其MFI为320g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。它根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为65℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,此Lotryl®用缩写35BA320表示。
Lotryl® 28MA07:乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物重量的28重量%,和其MFI为7g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。它根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为68℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,此Lotryl®用缩写28MA07表示。
Lotryl®7BA01:乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物,其丙烯酸酯含量为共聚物的7重量%,和其MFI为1g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。它根据高压釜方法获得的,其熔点为105℃。
在下面给出的结果的表中,此Lotryl®用缩写7BA01表示。
Evatane®3345PV:乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,其乙酸酯含量为共聚物的33重量%,其MFI为45g/10min(190℃,2.13kg)。在下面给出的结果的表中,这种Evatane®由缩写3345PV表示。
Dynasylan® MEMO:由Evonik销售的3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷。在下面给出的结果的表中,这种硅烷由缩写MTS表示。
Luperox® TBEC:由申请人Arkema公司销售的OO-叔丁基-O-(2-乙基己基)单过氧碳酸酯,在下文中表示为TBEC。
Luperox® 101:由申请人Arkema公司销售的2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷,在下文中表示为101。
测试的膜和配制剂的获得:
膜的制备:
通过挤出经浸渍的聚合物颗粒获得封装剂膜:
通过浸渍Lotryl或Evatane颗粒加入硅烷和必要时过氧化物。将颗粒和液体置于烧瓶中,并将烧瓶置于以每分钟60转的速度的辊式混合器上3小时。
在浸渍后,将这些颗粒以及任选的附加颗粒置于宽度为10cm(厘米)的狭缝模头的狭缝挤出机的引入进料斗中。
挤出在适于组合物的温度下进行;因此,对于基于Luperox TBEC的组合物,该温度限于90℃,因为在该温度以上,过氧化物将分解。对于基于Luperox 10的组合物,此温度可达到100℃至110℃之间。
这种挤出使得可以获得一卷膜,该膜在挤出机出口处的拉伸进行调节以获得厚度在350-550μm(微米)之间的膜。
所测试模块的制备:
为了表征配制剂,通过热层压获得测试模块。
测试模块的结构可根据要实现的表征而变化:
-通过透射测量蠕变和光学性质:玻璃(4mm)/封装剂膜/玻璃(4mm)
-粘合力的测量:玻璃(4mm)/封装剂膜/Apolhya背板
所使用的层压机由Penergy公司提供。层压条件取决于层压膜的组成。
因此,在基于TBEC的配制剂的情况下,遵循的循环为以下:
持续时间(s) | T (°C) | Vup (mbar) | Vdown (mbar) | |
启动前 | 10 | 85 | 0 | 1000 |
1 | 10 | 85 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 180 | 85 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 10 | 85 | 900 | 0 |
4 | 10 | 85 | 1000 | 0 |
5 | 600 | 150 | 1000 | 0 |
6 | 360 | 150 | 1000 | 0 |
7 | 10 | 150 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 10 | 150 | 0 | 0 |
9 | - | 50 | 0 | 1000 |
此外,在基于Luperox 101的制剂的情况下,由于该过氧化物的较高分解温度而调节温度。观察到的周期如下:
持续时间(s) | T (°C) | Vup (mbar) | Vdown (mbar) | |
启动前 | 10 | 110 | 0 | 1000 |
1 | 10 | 110 | 0 | 0 |
2 | 180 | 110 | 0 | 0 |
3 | 10 | 110 | 900 | 0 |
4 | 10 | 110 | 1000 | 0 |
5 | 600 | 170 | 1000 | 0 |
6 | 360 | 170 | 1000 | 0 |
7 | 10 | 170 | 0 | 0 |
8 | 10 | 170 | 0 | 0 |
9 | - | 50 | 0 | 1000 |
对试样进行的试验(E1 至E4和CE1 至CE5组合物):
通过以下非限制性实施例更详细地说明本发明。
在下表中表示为E1,E2,E3和E4的组合物是根据本发明的组合物,而组合物CE1,CE2,CE3,CE4和CE5是根据现有技术和/或不根据本发明的组合物。
组分1 | 含量(% 组合物重量) | 组分2 | 含量(% 组合物重量) | 组分3 | 含量(% 组合物重量) | |
E1 | 28MA07 | 99.5 | MTS | 0.3 | TBEC | 0.2 |
E2 | 17BA07 | 99.6 | MTS | 0.3 | 101 | 0.1 |
E3 | 20MA08 | 99.6 | MTS | 0.3 | 101 | 0.1 |
E4 | 35BA40 | 99.3 | MTS | 0.3 | TBEC | 0.4 |
CE1 | EVA3345PV | 98.2 | MTS | 0.3 | TBEC | 1.5 |
CE2 | 20MA08 | 99.7 | MTS | 0.3 | - | - |
CE3 | 7BA01 | 99.6 | MTS | 0.3 | 101 | 0.1 |
CE4 | 35BA320 | 99.2 | MTS | 0.3 | TBEC | 0.5 |
CE5 | 35BA40 | 98.7 | MTS | 0.3 | TBEC | 1.0 |
将注意到,上述目标试样具有相同量的硅烷,固定为该组合物的重量的0.3%。然而,附加的测试使得可以鉴定在组合物中的硅烷的量可以占所述组合物的0.1重量%至0.5重量%。
根据本发明的组合物的实施例都具有相同的厚度,但是清楚地理解,本领域技术人员可以根据光伏模块的应用和后者的性能来改变它们。
通过透射率测量光学性能:
使用Minolta牌的分光色度计在玻璃/封装剂/玻璃结构上通过透射测量光学性能。测量条件如下:
■ 波长:360nm-740nm(纳米)
■ 光源:C
■ 角度:2°
■ 测量开口:LAV 25mm(毫米)
■ 背景:“Cera”白板+进光孔。
从该测量中获取两个数值数据:
- 雾度:雾度对应于所研究的结构的雾度。 其根据标准ASTM D-1003-007计算。
- 透明度:通过取400至740nm之间的平均透射率值,通过玻璃层和玻璃/空气和玻璃/封装剂界面的相应贡献校正,然后标准化为200μm的厚度,计算透明度。 还在DHT(湿热试验-85℃/ 85%相对湿度/ 2000小时)老化期间评价透明度。
为了满足本发明的要求,透明度测试应显示高于96%的结果,雾度测试结果低于20。
蠕变试验:
蠕变试验在玻璃/封装剂/玻璃结构(使用具有长度L=70mm的玻璃板)上进行。在层压之后,将测试模块放置在与水平方向形成70°角的金属结构上。每个模块由覆盖第一玻璃层的厚度的一部分的边缘保持。
将这种结构设置在100℃的烘箱中。在第二玻璃层的重量下可观察到蠕变。因此测量的蠕变值是在这些条件下500小时后第二玻璃板行进的距离。该距离在0mm(无蠕变)至70mm(完全蠕变,结构分离)之间。
为了满足本发明的要求,蠕变测试应显示低于4mm的结果。
在玻璃层上的粘合试验:
使用在Zwick 1445测力机上以50mm/min(毫米/分钟)进行的90°剥离测试,在玻璃/封装剂/背板结构上测量在封装剂和玻璃之间的粘合水平。用于这种测量的背板是由申请人公司制造和销售的由Apolhya®构成的单层。测量条件如下:
- 滑块的位移速度:50mm/min
- 试样切割宽度:10mm
- 剥离角度:90°。
粘附结果以N/mm表示。
为了满足本发明的要求,粘合测试应显示大于3.5 N/mm的结果。
还对封装剂进行了测试以确认这种新型结构相对于根据文献WO09138679中所述的封装剂的性质保留了优异的性质,即相同的性质,即特别涉及其机械性质,热机械性质和阻燃性质及其电绝缘性质。这些测试经证明是正面的。
在DHT(湿热试验-85℃/ 85%相对湿度/ 2000小时)老化期间评价如本发明中所述配制的封装剂的黄化性能(yellowing properties)。 获得的结果证明比根据现有技术制剂获得的结果更好。
因此,根据本发明的组合物满足用于能够非常有利地用作为在太阳能模块中的粘合剂或封装剂的标准。
对不同制剂的试样进行的试验结果:
在CE1试验样品(根据现有技术的制剂)上获得的结果是良好的,但是在DHT老化期间检测到乙酸的形成并且导致该封装剂的强烈黄化。
在根据本发明制备的任何样品上都没有观察到这种现象。
Claims (6)
1.光伏模块(20)的封装剂(22),其旨在用于包覆光伏电池(10),其包含:
-乙烯/丙烯酸烷基酯共聚物,所述共聚物的熔体流动指数MFI为2g/10min至10g/10min;
-硅烷化合物,占所述封装剂(22)的组合物的重量的0.1%至0.5%;
其特征在于它还包含占所述封装剂(22)的组合物重量的0.1%的交联剂,特征在于所述共聚物占所述封装剂(22)的组合物重量的至少99%,和特征在于在所述封装剂(22)中的交联是不完全的,
其特征在于所述丙烯酸烷基酯是丙烯酸甲酯或丙烯酸丁酯,
其特征在于所述交联剂是2,5-二甲基-2,5-二(叔丁基过氧基)己烷或者属于单过氧碳酸酯族,其特征在于对于上述共聚物,乙烯的重量含量为50%至85%,和丙烯酸烷基酯的重量含量为15%至50%,和
其特征在于所述硅烷化合物由乙烯基硅烷或(甲基)丙烯酸硅烷组成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的封装剂(22),其特征在于所述硅烷化合物由甲基丙烯酸3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙酯组成。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封装剂(22),其特征在于所述封装剂(22)的组合物仅由上述共聚物、上述交联剂和上述硅烷化合物组成。
4.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的封装剂(22),其特征在于所述封装剂(22)的组合物另外包含旨在赋予附加特定性质的添加剂。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的封装剂(22)在光伏模块(20)中的用途。
6.一种光伏模块(20),其包含由至少一种封装剂(22)和前板(24)或背板(26)的组合构成的结构,其特征在于所述封装剂(22)是根据权利要求1至4中任一项的封装剂(22)。
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CA2953769A1 (fr) | 2016-01-07 |
CA2953769C (fr) | 2020-03-24 |
US20170117426A1 (en) | 2017-04-27 |
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