CN106688408B - A kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization - Google Patents

A kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106688408B
CN106688408B CN201611032049.0A CN201611032049A CN106688408B CN 106688408 B CN106688408 B CN 106688408B CN 201611032049 A CN201611032049 A CN 201611032049A CN 106688408 B CN106688408 B CN 106688408B
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China
Prior art keywords
cave
fertilizer
hydraulic cylinder
beat
beating
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CN106688408A (en
Inventor
李君�
杨洲
张卓伟
孙健峰
朱正波
黄杨清
孙志全
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South China Agricultural University
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South China Agricultural University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C15/00Fertiliser distributors
    • A01C15/16Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C23/00Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
    • A01C23/02Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
    • A01C23/023Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/04Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)

Abstract

Displacement variable-rate fertilization is deepened the invention discloses a kind of orchard is self-propelled, including a wheel-mounted rack, and it is mounted on the rack by gasoline engine driven hydraulic gear assembly, hydraulic gear assembly is connect by fluid pressure line with each hydraulic cylinder of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism of beating being mounted on central rack, beat the middle part that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism is fixed on rack by the bearing block that upper and lower two cross bar ends are installed, one bucket-shaped fertilizer box is housed before cross tube, in being symmetrically installed with two groups of linear bearings on upper and lower two cross bars, the fixed cave hydraulic cylinder piston rod of beating of two linear bearings installation of cross tube respectively connects one and beats cave crane, cave crane is beaten to fix through guide-localization component with cave cylinder lower piston rod is beaten;Be equipped in the guide-localization component beat cave casing be provided with a head be cone beat cave drill bit.The present invention by control hydraulic gear drive fertilizer applicator orchard walk, driving beat cave-applied fertilizer mechanism drive beat cave drill bit realization fertilizer applicator deepen displacement variable fertilization.

Description

A kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization
Technical field
The invention belongs to orchard planting technical field, it is related to a kind of orchard and beats cave-applied fertilizer mechanism, and in particular to a kind of orchard It is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization.
Background technique
During the applying fruit trees with fertilizer in orchard, digging cave is a time-consuming job, and cave is dug in most of orchards at present Work is all to get a hole with hoe or other tools by artificial, is being applied fertilizer, and compromise fertilization mode needs A large amount of manpower and material resources, and low efficiency are consumed, is not easy to promote.Also have using mechanical system and dig cave, earth auger used It is all to drive drill bit to carry out digging cave using gasoline engine, diesel engine or motor mostly, these earth augers dig cave process and have largely Soil need to exclude, soil backfill rate it is high, earth auger is easy flame-out, no during causing the inconvenience walked in orchard, dig cave It is easy to control to dig acupoint depth, dig the adjusting set of acupuncture point and need mobile complete machine, it cannot realize simultaneously and dig cave, fertilising, earthing, still to lean on Artificially applying fertilizer, earthing, whole process is time-consuming and laborious, and can not meet orchard fertilising, apart from top fruit sprayer different distance The fertilizer practice requirement different from acupoint depth is beaten of required fertilizer.
In addition, the method that some orchards use fertilizing by injection to fruit tree, there is to systemics for this fertilizing by injection method Drug requires the integrity problems such as high, medical fluid reflux and leakage, and trees will cause with certain damage;Since the country is to different trees The trunk injection fertilizer practice of kind and the different prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control does not have substantially, therefore is not widely applied.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of to be discharged without soil, use manpower and material resources sparingly, Efficiently fertilising, and can orchard walking, high degree of automation, backfill rate is small, deepen displacement variable fertilizer applicator, solve show There is the above problem existing for applying fruit trees with fertilizer technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, including a dress There is the rack of wheel, and is mounted on the rack by gasoline engine driven hydraulic gear assembly, the hydraulic biography Dynamic mechanism assembly is connect by fluid pressure line with each hydraulic cylinder of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism of beating being mounted on central rack, and machine is passed through The control crank that frame is equipped with controls the liquid on each hydraulic cylinder movement of hydraulic gear assembly and driving machine unwheeling wheel Pressure motor rotation;
The middle part beaten cave-applied fertilizer mechanism and be fixed on rack by the bearing block that upper and lower two cross bar ends are installed, on One bucket-shaped fertilizer box is housed before cross bar, in being symmetrically installed with two groups of linear bearings on upper and lower two cross bars, two of cross tube The fixed cave hydraulic cylinder piston rod of beating of linear bearing installation respectively connects one and beats cave crane, beats cave crane through guide-localization portion Part is fixed with cave cylinder lower piston rod is beaten;The cave casing of beating being equipped in the guide-localization component is provided with a head and is Cone beats cave drill bit;
It is described to beat on two crossbeams that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism is arranged above the rack, equipped with a translation hydraulic cylinder, translate hydraulic What cylinder was drivingly connected beats cave movable block two mobile bars of pivot joint, and cave hydraulic cylinder is beaten in two another ends of mobile bar and cross tube fixation Linear bearing be flexibly connected, by translation hydraulic cylinder extension movement, the drive of two mobile bars beats cave hydraulic cylinder vertically two Cross bar moves horizontally.
Orchard of the present invention is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, it is further characterized in that,
One middle side part of cave casing of beating is equipped with the hopper that connection one is connect with bucket-shaped fertilizer box bottom feed pipe, hopper Exit install a marker impeller, beat in the casing of cave beat cave drill bit shaft top equipped with stir marker impeller rotate impeller Plectrum beats one soil poking plate of lower port projection of cave casing.
The liquid beaten cave-applied fertilizer mechanism and immersible pump is housed for fertilizer box when implementing liquid fertilizer for an inside Fertilizer box, the delivery pipe of immersible pump hydraulic break cave drilling pipe pipe with beat that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism plays the fixation of cave crane guide-localization component On liquid fertilizer delivery pipe connection.
Orchard of the present invention is self-propelled to be deepened the structure of displacement variable-rate fertilization and is different from existing earth auger, have it is small in size, The features such as structure is simple, easy to operate.It controls each hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic gear assembly by control crank and acts, and drives Dynamic fertilizer applicator is walked in orchard, and the cave hydraulic cylinder of beating that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism is beaten in driving drives and makes cave drill bit realization fertilizer applicator and deepen displacement The variable fertilization for beating acupoints and solid granulates fertilizer and liquid fertilizer;When the present invention also meets orchard fertilising The fertilizer practice requirement different from acupoint depth is beaten of the fertilizer required for tree crown different distance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, which is that orchard of the present invention is self-propelled, deepens displacement variable-rate fertilization structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is that the present invention plays cave-applied fertilizer mechanism structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention beats cave-applied fertilizer mechanism translation hydraulic cylinder mounting structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism of the invention of beating beats cave hydraulic cylinder and beats cave casing mounting structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is liquid fertilizer box structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is that liquid fertilizer of the present invention plays cave-applied fertilizer mechanism structure schematic diagram.
In figure, 1. racks, 2. hydraulic gear assemblies, 3. dozens of cave-applied fertilizer mechanisms, 4. petrol engines, 5. manipulation hands Handle, 6. cross tubes, 7. sheer poles, 8. bearing blocks, 9. bucket-shaped fertilizer boxes, 9 ' liquid fertilizer hoppers, 10. linear bearings, 11. dozens of caves Hydraulic cylinder, 12. dozens of cave cranes, 13. guide-localization components, 14. dozens of cave casings, 15. dozens of cave drill bits, 16. crossbeams, 17. translations Hydraulic cylinder, 18. dozens of cave movable blocks, 19. mobile bars, 20. feed pipes, 21. hoppers, 22. marker impellers, 23. impeller plectrums, 24. Soil poking plate, 25. immersible pumps, 26. delivery pipes, 27. it is hydraulic break cave drilling pipe, 28. liquid fertilizer delivery pipes, 29. liquid outlets, 30. is hydraulic Motor.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, including a wheel-mounted machine Frame 1, and it is mounted on the hydraulic gear assembly 2 driven in rack 1 by petrol engine 4, hydraulic gear assembly 2 is logical It crosses fluid pressure line and is connect with the supermedial each hydraulic cylinder of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 of beating of rack 1 is mounted on, is equipped with by rack 1 Control crank 5 control each hydraulic cylinder of hydraulic gear assembly 2 movement and driving 1 wheel of rack on hydraulic motor 30 rotations.
Of the invention beats cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 as shown in figure 3, it passes through upper and lower two cross bars 6, the bearing block 8 of 7 ends installation It is fixed on the middle part of rack 1, a bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9 is housed before cross tube 6, is symmetrically installed on upper and lower two cross bars 6,7 Two groups of linear bearings 10, two linear bearings 10 of cross tube 6 install fixed 11 piston rod of cave hydraulic cylinder of beating and respectively connect one Cave crane 12 is beaten, cave crane 12 is beaten and is fixed through guide-localization component 13 with 11 lower piston bar of cave hydraulic cylinder is made;It is described to lead Be equipped with into positioning element 13 beat cave casing 14 be provided with a head be cone beat cave drill bit 15.
As shown in figure 4, of the invention beat on two crossbeams 16 that cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 is arranged above the rack 1, it is flat equipped with one Liquid relief cylinder pressure 17, what translation hydraulic cylinder 17 was drivingly connected beats two mobile bars 19 of pivot joint of cave movable block 18, and two mobile bars 19 are another One end is flexibly connected with the fixed linear bearing 10 for beating cave hydraulic cylinder 11 of cross tube 6, by translating 17 stretching motion of hydraulic cylinder, Cave hydraulic cylinder 11 is beaten in two drives of mobile bar 19, and vertically two cross bars 6,7 move horizontally.
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6,14 1 middle side part of cave casing of beating of the invention is equipped with connection one and bucket-shaped 9 bottom of fertilizer box A marker impeller 22 is installed in the exit of the hopper 21 that feed pipe 20 connects, hopper 21, is beaten in cave casing 14 and is beaten cave drill bit 15 bar tops are equipped with the impeller plectrum 23 for stirring the rotation of marker impeller 22, beat one soil poking plate of lower port projection of cave casing 14 24。
As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8, it is in one that the present invention, which plays fertilizer box of the cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 for when implementing liquid fertilizer, Portion is equipped with the liquid fertilizer hopper 9 ' of immersible pump 25, and the delivery pipe 26 of immersible pump 25 is led with beating cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 and beat cave crane 12 The hydraulic liquid fertilizer delivery pipe 28 beaten cave drilling pipe 27 pipe on fixed to positioning element 13 connects.
Embodiment one
Orchard of the present invention is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization in use, starting petrol engine 4 drives hydraulic drive Mechanism assembly 2 is in operating status, by the way that two control cranks 5 are pushed forward, the hydraulic motor 30 in rack 1 drives wheel to turn It is dynamic, drive fertilizer applicator rack 1 to proceed forward to the fertilizer placement of fruit-tree orchard, the fertilizer placement of fruit tree be centered on fruit tree, From the near to the remote by multiple groups, from shallow to deep, it is formed in radioactive cave.Fertilizer applicator of the present invention drives to the one of the fruit tree that needs to apply fertilizer Behind side, by the button on control control crank 5, the linear bearing 10 that is connected through mobile bar 19 of translation hydraulic cylinder 17 will beat cave apply The cave crane 12 of beating of fertile mechanism 3 is moved to the end positions positioned at upper and lower two cross bars 6,7, then by beating cave hydraulic cylinder 19, driving beats cave crane 12 under the guidance of guide-localization component 13, and drive makes cave casing 14 and beats cave drill bit and moves down, After making cave casing 14 and gradually contacting ground, beat cave drill bit 15 by playing the driving of cave hydraulic cylinder 19 and continue deeper into soil layer, by applying fertilizer Cave different depth requires to implement to beat cave;While beating cave, due to the hopper 21 of bucket-shaped 9 bottom feed pipe 20 of fertilizer box connection The marker impeller 22 of exit installation makes the discharge in cave casing 14 when making 15 bar of cave drill bit and downwardly and upwardly being promoted The impeller plectrum 23 that impeller 22 can be beaten 15 bar top of cave drill bit is stirred, and the fertilizer in bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9 is gone out via hopper 21 Mouthful place is sent into and beats in cave casing 14, and send the fertilizer beaten in cave casing 14 when being lifted up dozen cave drill bit 15 after cave is accomplished fluently Enter in cave;Then by the button on control control crank 5, slightly moving frame 1, using beating 14 lower port of cave casing Soil poking plate 24 is to cave earthing.
Complete beat about 3 two cross bars 6,7 of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism end positions beat cave, fertilising, earthing act after;Again The button on control crank 5 is controlled, driving translation hydraulic cylinder 17 is ejected forward, and the linear bearing 10 connected through mobile bar 19 is inside It collapses, the cave crane 12 of beating for beating 3 both sides of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism is moved into 1/3 distance to intermediate mobile, continue to implement above-mentioned to beat cave Step is can satisfy in this way the difference is that this dozen of caves and depth, dose that the last time beats cave are different apart from fruit Tree tree crown different distance, the dose of needs and fertilization depth are different this requirement.Completing, fertilizer placement fertilising is dynamic After work.Fertilizer applicator of the present invention is reached into the next fertilizer placement of fruit tree by continuing manipulation and control control crank 5, is repeated above-mentioned Play cave-applied fertilizer movement.
The acupoint depth of beating that the present invention beats cave hydraulic cylinder 11 is understood with cave speed is beaten according to the positional distance top fruit sprayer for beating cave Distance is different and changes linearly.The position for beating cave is remoter from tree crown centre distance, and it is deeper to beat acupoint depth, beats cave speed and passes through control Hydraulic gear assembly 2 processed plays the promotion of 11 feed speed of cave hydraulic cylinder to realize.
Embodiment two
When fruit tree needs to carry out liquid fertilizer fertilising, as long as deepening displacement variable-rate fertilization for orchard of the present invention is self-propelled Bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9 unload, change to beat cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 and beat beating for the installation of cave crane 12 and cave casing 14 and beat cave drill bit 15; It changes for implementing the liquid fertilizer hopper 9 ' when liquid fertilizer, hydraulic cave drilling pipe 27 of beating is mounted on beating for dozen cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 On cave crane 12, fixed with guide-localization component 13, at the same by 25 delivery pipe 26 of the immersible pump of liquid fertilizer hopper 9 ' with The hydraulic connection of liquid fertilizer delivery pipe 28 for breaking cave drilling pipe 27 is implemented with liquid fertilizer fertilising, beats cave step with embodiment one; Pass through the button on control control crank 5 after cave is accomplished fluently, when fertilising, starts the immersible pump 25 of liquid fertilizer hopper 9 ', liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer in hopper 9 ' through liquid fertilizer delivery pipe 28 be sent into it is hydraulic break cave drilling pipe 27, beat going out for 27 end of cave drilling pipe by hydraulic Liquid mouth 29 injects cave, completes liquid fertilizer and implements.
The self-propelled displacement variable-rate fertilization that deepens in orchard of the present invention has the characteristics that small in size, structure is simple, easy to operate, The each hydraulic cylinder movement of hydraulic gear assembly is controlled by control crank 5, driving fertilizer applicator is walked in orchard, and driving is beaten The cave hydraulic cylinder 11 of beating of cave-applied fertilizer mechanism 3 drives that beats that drill bit realization fertilizer applicator in cave deepens displacement to beat acupoints and solid-state The variable fertilization of granulated fertilizer material and liquid fertilizer, when meeting orchard fertilising, the fertilizer required for top fruit sprayer different distance The fertilizer practice requirement different from acupoint depth is beaten.
Above embodiment is an example of the present invention, is not intended to limit the implementation and interest field of invention, all Equivalence changes and modification that content described in patent protection range is made according to the present invention, should all be included in the present patent application In the scope of the patents.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, including a wheel-mounted rack (1), and is mounted on machine The hydraulic gear assembly (2) driven on frame (1) by petrol engine (4), which is characterized in that the hydraulic gear Assembly (2) is connect by fluid pressure line with supermedial cave-applied fertilizer mechanism (3) each hydraulic cylinder of beating of rack (1) is mounted on, and is led to Cross each hydraulic cylinder movement of control crank (5) control hydraulic gear assembly (2) and driving machine that rack (1) is equipped with Hydraulic motor (30) rotation on frame (1) wheel;
The cave-applied fertilizer mechanism (3) of beating is fixed on rack by the bearing block (8) that upper and lower two cross bars (6,7) end is installed (1) middle part, cross tube (6) front are equipped with a bucket-shaped solid fertilizer case (9), are symmetrically installed on upper and lower two cross bars (6,7) There are two groups of linear bearings (10), cave hydraulic cylinder (11) piston rod is beaten in two linear bearings (10) installation fixation of cross tube (6) Cave crane (12) are beaten in each connection one, are beaten cave crane (12) through guide-localization component (13) and are beaten cave hydraulic cylinder (11) lower part Piston rod is fixed;The cave casing (14) of beating being equipped in the guide-localization component (13) is provided with a head beating for cone Cave drill bit (15);
The cave-applied fertilizer mechanism (3) of beating translates hydraulic cylinder equipped with one on two crossbeams (16) that rack (1) is arranged above (17), what translation hydraulic cylinder (17) was drivingly connected beats two mobile bars (19) of cave movable block (18) pivot joint, two mobile bars (19) Another end is flexibly connected with cross tube (6) the fixed linear bearing (10) for beating cave hydraulic cylinder (11), by translating hydraulic cylinder (17) stretching motion, cave hydraulic cylinder (11) is beaten in two mobile bars (19) drives, and vertically two cross bars (6,7) move horizontally.
2. orchard according to claim 1 is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, which is characterized in that described plays cave set (14) one middle side parts of pipe are equipped with the hopper (21) that connection one is connect with bucket-shaped fertilizer box (9) bottom feed pipe (20), hopper (21) Exit one marker impeller (22) is installed, beat in cave casing (14) and beat cave drill bit (15) bar top equipped with stirring discharge leaf The impeller plectrum (23) for taking turns (22) rotation, beats one soil poking plate of lower port projection (24) of cave casing (14).
3. orchard according to claim 1 is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization, which is characterized in that described to beat cave-applied fertilizer Fertilizer box when mechanism (3) is used to implement liquid fertilizer is the liquid fertilizer hopper (9 ') that an inside is equipped with immersible pump (25), is dived The delivery pipe (26) of water pump (25) with beat cave-applied fertilizer mechanism (3) beat cave crane (12) and guide-localization component (13) fixation Hydraulic liquid fertilizer delivery pipe (28) connection beaten on cave drilling pipe (27).
CN201611032049.0A 2016-11-22 2016-11-22 A kind of orchard is self-propelled to deepen displacement variable-rate fertilization Active CN106688408B (en)

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CN107873159B (en) * 2017-11-16 2020-09-29 张瑞宏 Suspension type fertilizer distributor
CN108184400A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-22 郑州国知网络技术有限公司 A kind of landscape garden Deep-ditch manuring device
CN108156915A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-06-15 郑州国知网络技术有限公司 A kind of garden lawn is safeguarded with punching fertilizer apparatus
CN108012621B (en) * 2017-12-27 2020-07-31 凤阳明博信息工程有限公司 Landscape garden soft soil fertilizer injection unit that punches
CN108076768A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-29 郑州国知网络技术有限公司 A kind of mobile model fertilizer apparatus for garden maintenance
CN109005845B (en) * 2018-10-18 2021-11-05 浙江果岚农业科技有限公司 Root infusion set is used in gardens nursery stock maintenance
CN112568103B (en) * 2021-01-12 2021-08-27 同心县金垚育种科技有限公司 Fertilizer injection unit capable of adjusting fertilizer injection distance according to fruit tree stout degree
CN113692816A (en) * 2021-10-08 2021-11-26 凤台县淮之苗农业发展有限公司 Soybean planting and sowing equipment and using method thereof

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