CN106688408A - Self-propelled variable-depth variable-position variable-amount fertilizer applicator for orchard - Google Patents
Self-propelled variable-depth variable-position variable-amount fertilizer applicator for orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN106688408A CN106688408A CN201611032049.0A CN201611032049A CN106688408A CN 106688408 A CN106688408 A CN 106688408A CN 201611032049 A CN201611032049 A CN 201611032049A CN 106688408 A CN106688408 A CN 106688408A
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000002420 orchard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/02—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil
- A01C23/023—Special arrangements for delivering the liquid directly into the soil for liquid or gas fertilisers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Fertilizing (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机，包括一个装有车轮的机架，以及安装在机架上由汽油发动机驱动的液压传动机构总成，液压传动机构总成通过液压管路与安装在机架中部上的打穴施肥机构各个液压油缸连接，打穴施肥机构通过上下两根横杆端头安装的轴承座固定于机架的中部，上横杆前面装有一斗状肥料箱，于上下两根横杆上对称安装有两组直线轴承，上横杆的两个直线轴承安装固定的打穴液压缸活塞杆各连接一个打穴升降架，打穴升降架经导向定位部件与打穴液压缸下部活塞杆固定；所述导向定位部件中设有的打穴套管内装有一根头部为圆锥形的打穴钻头。本发明通过控制液压传动机构驱动施肥机在果园行走，驱动打穴施肥机构带动打穴钻头实现施肥机变深变位变量施肥。
The invention discloses a self-propelled orchard variable-depth variable-displacement variable fertilizer applicator, which comprises a frame equipped with wheels, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly installed on the frame and driven by a gasoline engine. The hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly passes through The hydraulic pipeline is connected with each hydraulic cylinder of the hole-making and fertilizing mechanism installed in the middle of the frame. The hole-making and fertilizing mechanism is fixed in the middle of the frame through the bearing seats installed at the ends of the upper and lower crossbars. A bucket is installed in front of the upper crossbar. Two sets of linear bearings are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower horizontal bars, and the two linear bearings on the upper horizontal bar are installed with fixed hole punching hydraulic cylinder piston rods. The positioning part is fixed with the piston rod at the lower part of the hole punching hydraulic cylinder; a hole punching drill bit with a conical head is housed in the hole punching sleeve provided in the guiding and positioning part. The invention drives the fertilizer applicator to walk in the orchard by controlling the hydraulic transmission mechanism, and drives the acupoint fertilization mechanism to drive the acupoint drill to realize the variable depth and displacement variable fertilization of the fertilizer.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于果园种植技术领域，涉及一种果园打穴施肥机构，具体涉及一种果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机。The invention belongs to the technical field of orchard planting, and relates to a hole punching and fertilizing mechanism in an orchard, in particular to a self-propelled orchard variable depth and displacement variable fertilization machine.
背景技术Background technique
在果园的果树施肥过程中，挖穴是一项费工费时的工作，目前大多数果园挖穴的工作都是依靠人工的用锄头或者其他工具打出一个孔洞，在进行施肥，折衷施肥方式需要消耗大量的人力物力，而且效率低，不便于推广。也有采用机械方式来挖穴，所用的挖穴机大多都是采用汽油机、柴油机或者电机带动钻头进行挖穴，这些挖穴机挖穴过程会有大量的泥土需要排除、泥土回填率高，造成在果园行走的不便、挖穴过程中挖穴机容易熄火、不易控制挖穴深度、挖穴位置的调节需要移动整机，不能同时实现挖穴、施肥、覆土，依然要靠人工施肥、覆土，整个过程费时费力，而且也满足不了果园施肥的，距离果树树冠不同距离所需要的肥料与打穴深度不同的施肥技术要求。In the process of fertilizing fruit trees in orchards, digging holes is a labor-intensive and time-consuming work. At present, most of the work of digging holes in orchards relies on manual use of a hoe or other tools to make a hole for fertilization. Compromise fertilization methods need to consume A large amount of manpower and material resources, and low efficiency, is not easy to popularize. There are also mechanical methods to dig holes. Most of the hole digging machines use gasoline engines, diesel engines or electric motors to drive drill bits to dig holes. These hole digging machines will have a lot of soil to be removed during the hole digging process, and the soil backfill rate is high. It is inconvenient to walk in the orchard, the digging machine is easy to turn off during the digging process, it is difficult to control the depth of the digging, and the adjustment of the digging position needs to move the whole machine, which cannot realize digging, fertilization and soil covering at the same time. The process is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and it cannot meet the fertilization technical requirements of the orchard, the fertilizer required for different distances from the crown of the fruit tree, and the depth of the hole.
另外，有些果园对果树采用注射施肥的方法，这种注射施肥方法存在着对内吸剂药物要求高、药液回流和外漏等可靠性问题，对树木会造成一定的损伤；由于国内对不同树种和不同病虫害防治的树干注射施肥技术基本没有，因此没有得到推广应用。In addition, some orchards use the method of injection fertilization for fruit trees. This injection fertilization method has reliability problems such as high requirements for systemic agents, liquid backflow and leakage, and will cause certain damage to trees; There are basically no trunk injection fertilization techniques for tree species and different pest control, so they have not been popularized and applied.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种没有泥土排出、节省人力物力、高效施肥，且可以在果园行走、自动化程度高、回填率小、变深变位变量的施肥机，解决了现有果树施肥技术存在的上述问题。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, to provide a fertilizer without soil discharge, save manpower and material resources, fertilize efficiently, and can walk in the orchard, has a high degree of automation, a small backfill rate, and variable depth and displacement. The above-mentioned problems that existing fruit tree fertilization technology exists.
本发明所采用的技术方案是，一种果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机，包括一个装有车轮的机架，以及安装在机架上由汽油发动机驱动的液压传动机构总成，所述的液压传动机构总成通过液压管路与安装在机架中部上的打穴施肥机构各个液压油缸连接，通过机架上设有的操纵手柄控制液压传动机构总成各个液压油缸动作以及驱动机架车轮上的液压马达转动；The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a self-propelled orchard variable-depth variable-displacement variable fertilizer applicator, which includes a frame equipped with wheels, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly mounted on the frame driven by a gasoline engine. The above-mentioned hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly is connected with each hydraulic cylinder of the punching and fertilization mechanism installed in the middle of the frame through hydraulic pipelines, and the action of each hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly and the driving machine are controlled by the joystick provided on the frame. The hydraulic motor on the frame wheel rotates;
所述的打穴施肥机构通过上下两根横杆端头安装的轴承座固定于机架的中部，上横杆前面装有一斗状肥料箱，于上下两根横杆上对称安装有两组直线轴承，上横杆的两个直线轴承安装固定的打穴液压缸活塞杆各连接一个打穴升降架，打穴升降架经导向定位部件与打穴液压缸下部活塞杆固定；所述导向定位部件中设有的打穴套管内装有一根头部为圆锥形的打穴钻头；The acupoint fertilization mechanism is fixed in the middle of the frame through bearing seats installed at the ends of the upper and lower cross bars. A bucket-shaped fertilizer box is installed in front of the upper and lower cross bars, and two sets of straight lines are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower cross bars Bearings, the two linear bearings of the upper cross bar are installed and fixed with the piston rods of the punching hydraulic cylinders, each connected to a punching lifting frame, and the punching lifting frame is fixed with the lower piston rod of the punching hydraulic cylinder through the guiding and positioning parts; the guiding and positioning parts A hole punching drill bit with a conical head is housed in the hole punching sleeve provided in the middle;
所述打穴施肥机构于机架上面设置的两根横梁上，装有一平移液压缸，平移液压缸驱动连接的打穴移动块枢接两根移动杆，两根移动杆另一端头与上横杆固定打穴液压缸的直线轴承活动连接，通过平移液压缸伸缩运动，两根移动杆带动打穴液压缸沿上下两根横杆做水平移动。The hole punching and fertilizing mechanism is installed on the two beams above the frame, and a translation hydraulic cylinder is installed. The hole punching moving block driven by the translation hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to two moving rods, and the other ends of the two moving rods are connected to the upper horizontal The linear bearings of the rod-fixed hole punching hydraulic cylinder are movably connected. Through the telescopic movement of the translational hydraulic cylinder, the two moving rods drive the hole punching hydraulic cylinder to move horizontally along the upper and lower horizontal bars.
本发明所述的果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机，其特征还在于，The orchard self-propelled variable-depth variable-variable fertilizer applicator according to the present invention is also characterized in that:
所述的打穴套管一侧中部设有连接一与斗状肥料箱底部送料管连接的料斗，料斗的出口处安装一个排料叶轮，打穴套管内的打穴钻头杆上部设有拨动排料叶轮转动的叶轮拨片，打穴套管的下部端口凸设一拨土片。The middle part of one side of the hole punching casing is provided with a hopper connected to the feeding pipe at the bottom of the bucket-shaped fertilizer box, and a discharge impeller is installed at the outlet of the hopper, and the top of the hole punching drill rod in the hole punching casing is provided with a toggle The paddle of the impeller that the discharge impeller rotates, and a paddle of soil protrudes from the lower port of the drilling casing.
所述打穴施肥机构用于实施液态肥料时的肥料箱为一个内部装有潜水泵的液态肥料箱，潜水泵的输送管与打穴施肥机构打穴升降架导向定位部件固定的液压打穴钻管管上的液态肥输送管连接。The fertilizer tank used by the hole punching and fertilizing mechanism for implementing liquid fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer tank with a submersible pump inside, and the delivery pipe of the submersible pump is connected with the hydraulic hole punching drill fixed by the hole punching lifting frame guiding and positioning parts of the hole punching and fertilizing mechanism. The liquid fertilizer delivery pipe on the pipe is connected.
本发明果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机的结构不同于现有挖穴机，具有体积小、结构简单、容易操作等特点。其通过操纵手柄控制液压传动机构总成各个液压油缸动作，驱动施肥机在果园行走，驱动打穴施肥机构的打穴液压缸带动打穴钻头实现施肥机变深变位的打穴功能，以及固态颗粒肥料和液态肥料的变量施肥；本发明也满足了果园施肥的时候距离树冠不同距离所需要的肥料与打穴深度不同的施肥技术要求。The structure of the orchard self-propelled variable depth variable variable variable fertilizer applicator of the present invention is different from the existing hole digging machine, and has the characteristics of small volume, simple structure, easy operation and the like. It controls the action of each hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly through the joystick, drives the fertilizer applicator to walk in the orchard, drives the acupoint hydraulic cylinder of the acupoint fertilization mechanism to drive the acupoint drill bit to realize the acupoint function of the fertilizer spreader for deepening and displacement, and solid particle Variable fertilization of fertilizers and liquid fertilizers; the present invention also satisfies the fertilization technical requirements of different distances from tree crowns when fertilizing orchards and different fertilization depths.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1和图2是本发明果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机结构示意图；Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the structural representations of the orchard self-propelled variable depth variable displacement variable fertilizer applicator of the present invention;
图3和图4是本发明打穴施肥机构结构示意图；Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are the structure schematic diagrams of the present invention's punching and fertilizing mechanism;
图5是本发明打穴施肥机构平移液压缸安装结构示意图；Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the translational hydraulic cylinder of the acupoint fertilization mechanism of the present invention;
图6是本发明打穴施肥机构打穴液压缸与打穴套管安装结构示意图；Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the hole punching hydraulic cylinder and the hole punching casing of the hole punching and fertilizing mechanism of the present invention;
图7是本发明液态肥料箱结构示意图；Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a liquid fertilizer tank of the present invention;
图8是本发明液态肥料打穴施肥机构结构示意图。Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hole punching and fertilizing mechanism for a liquid fertilizer of the present invention.
图中，1.机架，2.液压传动机构总成，3.打穴施肥机构，4.汽油发动机，5.操纵手柄，6.上横杆，7.下横杆，8.轴承座，9.斗状肥料箱，9’.液态肥料箱，10.直线轴承，11.打穴液压缸，12.打穴升降架，13.导向定位部件，14.打穴套管，15.打穴钻头，16.横梁，17.平移液压缸，18.打穴移动块，19.移动杆，20.送料管，21.料斗，22.排料叶轮，23.叶轮拨片，24.拨土片，25.潜水泵，26.输送管，27.液压打穴钻管，28.液态肥输送管，29.出液口，30.液压马达。In the figure, 1. frame, 2. hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly, 3. acupoint fertilization mechanism, 4. gasoline engine, 5. joystick, 6. upper cross bar, 7. lower cross bar, 8. bearing seat, 9. Bucket-shaped fertilizer tank, 9'. Liquid fertilizer tank, 10. Linear bearing, 11. Cavity punching hydraulic cylinder, 12. Cavity punching lifting frame, 13. Guide positioning parts, 14. Cavity punching sleeve, 15. Cavity punching Drill bit, 16. Beam, 17. Translating hydraulic cylinder, 18. Hole punching moving block, 19. Moving rod, 20. Feeding pipe, 21. Hopper, 22. Discharging impeller, 23. Impeller paddle, 24. Digging piece , 25. Submersible pump, 26. Conveyor pipe, 27. Hydraulic drilling pipe, 28. Liquid fertilizer conveying pipe, 29. Liquid outlet, 30. Hydraulic motor.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
一种果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机，如图1和图2所示，包括一个装有车轮的机架1，以及安装在机架1上由汽油发动机4驱动的液压传动机构总成2，液压传动机构总成2通过液压管路与安装在机架1中部上的打穴施肥机构3各个液压油缸连接，通过机架1上设有的操纵手柄5控制液压传动机构总成2各个液压油缸动作以及驱动机架1车轮上的液压马达30转动。A self-propelled orchard variable-depth and variable-variable fertilizer applicator, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, includes a frame 1 equipped with wheels, and a hydraulic transmission mechanism installed on the frame 1 driven by a gasoline engine 4. Into 2, the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly 2 is connected to each hydraulic cylinder of the punching and fertilizing mechanism 3 installed in the middle of the frame 1 through hydraulic pipelines, and the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly 2 is controlled by the joystick 5 provided on the frame 1 Each hydraulic oil cylinder acts and drives the hydraulic motor 30 on the frame 1 wheel to rotate.
本发明的打穴施肥机构3如图3所示，其通过上下两根横杆6、7端头安装的轴承座8固定于机架1的中部，上横杆6前面装有一斗状肥料箱9，于上下两根横杆6、7上对称安装有两组直线轴承10，上横杆6的两个直线轴承10安装固定的打穴液压缸11活塞杆各连接一个打穴升降架12，打穴升降架12经导向定位部件13与打穴液压缸11下部活塞杆固定；所述导向定位部件13中设有的打穴套管14内装有一根头部为圆锥形的打穴钻头15。The punching and fertilizing mechanism 3 of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3, and it is fixed on the middle part of the frame 1 by the bearing housing 8 installed at the ends of the upper and lower cross bars 6, 7, and a bucket-shaped fertilizer box is housed in the front of the upper cross bar 6 9. Two groups of linear bearings 10 are symmetrically installed on the upper and lower cross bars 6 and 7, and the two linear bearings 10 of the upper cross bar 6 are installed with a fixed hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11. The punching lifting frame 12 is fixed with the piston rod at the bottom of the punching hydraulic cylinder 11 through the guide and positioning part 13; the punching sleeve 14 provided with the guide and positioning part 13 is equipped with a conical hole punching drill bit 15 in the head.
如图4所示，本发明的打穴施肥机构3于机架1上面设置的两根横梁16上，装有一平移液压缸17，平移液压缸17驱动连接的打穴移动块18枢接两根移动杆19，两根移动杆19另一端头与上横杆6固定打穴液压缸11的直线轴承10活动连接，通过平移液压缸17伸缩运动，两根移动杆19带动打穴液压缸11沿上下两根横杆6、7做水平移动。As shown in Fig. 4 , the hole making and fertilizing mechanism 3 of the present invention is provided with a translation hydraulic cylinder 17 on two beams 16 arranged above the frame 1, and the translation hydraulic cylinder 17 drives and connects the hole making moving block 18 pivotally connected to two Moving rods 19, the other ends of the two moving rods 19 are movably connected with the linear bearing 10 of the upper cross bar 6 and fixed to the hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11, through the telescopic movement of the translation hydraulic cylinder 17, the two moving rods 19 drive the hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11 along the Two cross bars 6,7 move horizontally up and down.
如图5和图6所示，本发明的打穴套管14一侧中部设有连接一与斗状肥料箱9底部送料管20连接的料斗21，料斗21的出口处安装一个排料叶轮22，打穴套管14内的打穴钻头15杆上部设有拨动排料叶轮22转动的叶轮拨片23，打穴套管14的下部端口凸设一拨土片24。As shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the middle part of one side of the casing pipe 14 of the present invention is provided with a hopper 21 connected to the feed pipe 20 at the bottom of the bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9, and a discharge impeller 22 is installed at the outlet of the hopper 21 , the hole drill bit 15 bar tops in the hole casing 14 are provided with the impeller paddle 23 that stirs the discharge impeller 22 to rotate, and the bottom port of the hole casing 14 protrudes and establishes a dial soil sheet 24.
如图7和图8所示，本发明打穴施肥机构3用于实施液态肥料时的肥料箱为一个内部装有潜水泵25的液态肥料箱9’，潜水泵25的输送管26与打穴施肥机构3打穴升降架12导向定位部件13固定的液压打穴钻管27管上的液态肥输送管28连接。As shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the fertilizer tank 3 of the present invention when being used for implementing liquid fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer tank 9' with a submersible pump 25 inside, and the conveying pipe 26 of the submersible pump 25 is connected with the acupoint. The fertilization mechanism 3 is connected with the liquid fertilizer conveying pipe 28 on the hydraulic pressure drilling pipe 27 that is fixed by the hole lifting frame 12 guiding and positioning parts 13 .
实施例一Embodiment one
本发明果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机使用时，启动汽油发动机4驱动液压传动机构总成2处于运行状态，通过向前推两个操纵手柄5，机架1上的液压马达30驱动车轮转动，驱使施肥机机架1向前行进到果园果树的施肥位置，果树的施肥位置是以果树为中心，由多组由近到远，由浅到深，呈放射性的洞穴组成。本发明施肥机行驶到需要施肥果树的一侧后，通过控制操纵手柄5上的按钮，平移液压缸17经移动杆19连接的直线轴承10将打穴施肥机构3的打穴升降架12移动到位于上下两根横杆6、7的两端位置，然后通过打穴液压缸19，驱动打穴升降架12在导向定位部件13的引导下，带动打穴套管14和打穴钻头向下移动，在打穴套管14逐步接触地面后，通过打穴液压缸19驱动打穴钻头15继续深入土层，按施肥洞穴不同深度要求实施打穴；在打穴的同时，由于斗状肥料箱9底部送料管20连接的料斗21出口处安装的排料叶轮22，在打穴钻头15杆向下和向上提升的时候，打穴套管14中的排料叶轮22会被打穴钻头15杆上部的叶轮拨片23拨动，将斗状肥料箱9中的肥料经由料斗21出口处送进打穴套管14中，并在洞穴打好后向上提升打穴钻头15时将打穴套管14中的肥料送入洞穴内；然后通过控制操纵手柄5上的按钮，稍微移动机架1，使用打穴套管14下部端口的拨土片24对洞穴覆土。When the self-propelled orchard self-propelled variable depth and displacement variable fertilizer applicator of the present invention is in use, the gasoline engine 4 is started to drive the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly 2 to be in the running state, and the hydraulic motor 30 on the frame 1 is driven by pushing the two control handles 5 forward. The wheel rotates to drive the fertilizer applicator frame 1 to move forward to the fertilization position of the fruit trees in the orchard. The fertilization position of the fruit trees is centered on the fruit tree and consists of multiple groups of radioactive caves from near to far, from shallow to deep. After the fertilizer applicator of the present invention travels to the side of the fruit tree that needs to be fertilized, by controlling the button on the joystick 5, the translation hydraulic cylinder 17 moves the hole punching elevating frame 12 of the hole punching fertilization mechanism 3 through the linear bearing 10 connected by the moving rod 19 It is located at the two ends of the upper and lower horizontal bars 6, 7, and then through the hole punching hydraulic cylinder 19, the hole punching lifting frame 12 is driven by the guide positioning part 13, and the hole punching sleeve 14 and the hole punching drill bit are moved downward. , after the casing pipe 14 gradually touches the ground, the hole drill bit 15 is driven by the hole hydraulic cylinder 19 to continue to go deep into the soil layer, and the hole is implemented according to the different depth requirements of the fertilization cave; The discharge impeller 22 installed at the outlet of the hopper 21 connected to the bottom feeding pipe 20, when the hole drilling drill 15 is lifted downward and upward, the discharge impeller 22 in the hole drilling sleeve 14 will be driven by the upper part of the hole drilling drill 15. The impeller paddle 23 is moved, and the fertilizer in the bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9 is sent into the hole punching sleeve 14 through the outlet of the hopper 21, and when the hole is drilled, the hole punching drill bit 15 is lifted up to the hole punching sleeve 14. The fertilizer is sent in the cave; Then by controlling the button on the joystick 5, the frame 1 is moved slightly, and the soil-digging sheet 24 of the hole casing 14 lower port is used to cover the cave with soil.
在完成打穴施肥机构3上下两根横杆6、7的两端位置的打穴、施肥、覆土动作后；再控制操纵手柄5上的按钮，驱动平移液压缸17向前顶出，经移动杆19连接的直线轴承10向内收拢，将打穴施肥机构3两边的打穴升降架12向中间移动移动1/3距离，继续实施上述打穴步骤，所不同的是，此次打穴与上一次打穴的深度、施肥量有所不同，这样可以满足距离果树树冠不同距离、需要的施肥量与施肥深度是不同的这一要求。在完成该施肥位置施肥动作之后。通过继续操纵控制操纵手柄5将本发明施肥机开到果树下一个施肥位置，重复上述打穴施肥动作。After completing the hole punching, fertilization, and soil covering actions at the two ends of the upper and lower crossbars 6 and 7 of the hole punching and fertilizing mechanism 3; then control the button on the joystick 5 to drive the translation hydraulic cylinder 17 to push out forward, and after moving The linear bearing 10 connected to the bar 19 is drawn inward, and the hole punching lifting frame 12 on both sides of the hole punching and fertilizing mechanism 3 is moved to the middle by 1/3 distance, and the above-mentioned hole punching steps are continued. The difference is that the hole punching is the same as The depth and amount of fertilizer applied last time are different, so as to meet the requirements of different distances from the crown of the fruit tree, the amount of fertilizer needed and the depth of fertilization. After completing the fertilization action at the fertilization position. By continuing to manipulate the control handle 5, the fertilizer applicator of the present invention is opened to the next fertilization position of the fruit tree, and the above-mentioned acupoint fertilization action is repeated.
本发明打穴液压缸11的打穴深度与打穴速度会根据打穴的位置距离果树树冠的距离不同而呈线性变化。打穴的位置离树冠中心距离越远，打穴深度越深，打穴速度通过控制液压传动机构总成2来实现打穴液压缸11进给速度的提升。The hole punching depth and hole punching speed of the hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11 of the present invention will vary linearly according to the distance between the hole punching position and the crown of the fruit tree. The farther the hole punching position is from the crown center, the deeper the hole punching depth is, and the hole punching speed is realized by controlling the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly 2 to increase the feeding speed of the hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11 .
实施例二Embodiment two
当果树需要进行液态肥料施肥时，只要将本发明果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机的斗状肥料箱9卸下，换下打穴施肥机构3打穴升降架12安装的打穴套管14和打穴钻头15；换上用于实施液态肥料时的液态肥料箱9’，将液压打穴钻管27安装在打穴施肥机构3的打穴升降架12上，用导向定位部件13加以固定，同时将液态肥料箱9’的潜水泵25输送管26与液压打穴钻管27的液态肥输送管28连接就可以实施液态肥料施肥，打穴步骤同实施例一；洞穴打好后，施肥时通过控制操纵手柄5上的按钮，启动液态肥料箱9’的潜水泵25，液态肥料箱9’中的液态肥料经液态肥输送管28送入液压打穴钻管27，由液压打穴钻管27端头的出液口29注入洞穴，完成液态肥料实施。When the fruit tree needs to be fertilized with liquid fertilizer, as long as the bucket-shaped fertilizer box 9 of the orchard self-propelled variable-depth displacement variable fertilizer applicator of the present invention is unloaded, the hole-making cover of the hole-making fertilization mechanism 3 and the hole-making lifting frame 12 is replaced. Pipe 14 and drilling drill bit 15; change the liquid fertilizer tank 9 ' when being used to implement liquid fertilizer, hydraulic pressure drilling pipe 27 is installed on the lifting frame 12 of punching hole and fertilization mechanism 3, with guide positioning part 13 Fix it, and connect the liquid fertilizer delivery pipe 26 of the submersible pump 25 conveying pipe 26 of the liquid fertilizer tank 9 ' with the liquid fertilizer conveying pipe 27 of the hydraulic pressure drilling pipe 27 and just can implement liquid fertilizer fertilization, and the step of making holes is the same as embodiment one; , during fertilization, the submersible pump 25 of the liquid fertilizer tank 9' is started by controlling the button on the joystick 5, and the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer tank 9' is sent into the hydraulic pressure punching drill pipe 27 through the liquid fertilizer delivery pipe 28, and is pumped by the hydraulic pressure. The liquid outlet 29 of cave drill pipe 27 ends injects cavern, finishes the implementation of liquid fertilizer.
本发明果园自走式变深变位变量施肥机具有体积小、结构简单、容易操作等特点，通过操纵手柄5控制液压传动机构总成各个液压油缸动作，驱动施肥机在果园行走，驱动打穴施肥机构3的打穴液压缸11带动打穴钻头实现施肥机变深变位的打穴功能，以及固态颗粒肥料和液态肥料的变量施肥，满足了果园施肥时，距离果树树冠不同距离所需要的肥料与打穴深度不同的施肥技术要求。The self-propelled orchard variable-depth variable-variable fertilizer applicator of the present invention has the characteristics of small size, simple structure, and easy operation. The control handle 5 controls the action of each hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic transmission mechanism assembly, drives the fertilizer applicator to walk in the orchard, and drives acupoints The hole punching hydraulic cylinder 11 of the fertilization mechanism 3 drives the hole punching drill bit to realize the hole punching function of the fertilizer applicator with variable depth and displacement, and the variable fertilization of solid granular fertilizer and liquid fertilizer, which meets the needs of fertilizers at different distances from the crown of fruit trees when fertilizing in orchards Fertilization technology requirements are different from hole depth.
上述实施方式只是本发明的一个实例，不是用来限制发明的实施与权利范围，凡依据本发明申请专利保护范围所述的内容做出的等效变化和修饰，均应包括在本发明申请专利范围内。The above-mentioned embodiment is only an example of the present invention, and is not used to limit the implementation and scope of rights of the invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content described in the patent protection scope of the present invention application shall be included in the patent application of the present invention. within range.
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