CN106666284A - 一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,通过护色、脱涩、酶解等关键理化手段克服光皮木瓜汁本身的酸、涩、苦等不愉快滋味,同时在木瓜汁中增添了果蔬汁,使得风味独特,口感多样,适用于长期从事智力活动的亚健康人群。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于果汁饮料技术领域,涉及一种光皮木瓜和其他水果、蔬菜的复合饮料的制备方法。
背景技术
木瓜分为蔷薇科木瓜属植物木瓜(光皮木瓜)、皱皮木瓜与热带水果番木瓜科木瓜(番木瓜)。光皮木瓜在我国山东、陕西、安徽、江西、湖北等省都有栽培,瓜含有糖类、蛋白质、矿物质、VA、VD、VC、VE、胡萝卜素、黄酮、果酸皂、木瓜酶及木瓜碱、齐墩果酸、苹果酸、枸橼酸、酒石酸和熊果酸等多种活性成分。据《本草纲目》记载,木瓜具有舒筋络、健脾胃、保护肝脏、提高人体免疫力和增强抵抗力的药理作用。现代医学也表明,木瓜中含多种活性物质,具有抗肿瘤、保肝、抑菌、强心、利尿、抗衰老等功效。
基于上述的药食作用,光皮木瓜常被制成果酒、饮料等饮品,但由于木瓜中存在着酸涩物质,导致其口感较差,而且色泽也不吸引消费者,影响了饮品的推广。中国专利——一种野木瓜无糖饮料的制备方法(申请号201110225247.X)和一种光皮木瓜汁饮料及其制备方法(申请号201310230287.2)均公开了木瓜饮料的制备方法,但是专利文献均未涉及木瓜饮品的护色和去涩问题。而且由于光皮木瓜自身外皮厚,纤维素含量高,导致其出汁率较低,这些均是饮品制备中需要克服的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种风味独特,适口性强的光皮木瓜饮品,在保留并突出光皮木瓜独特的芳香气味的不含木瓜本身的酸涩味,同时可有效提高木瓜的出汁率。此外通过与其他水果蔬菜汁进行复合,获取多种风味的饮品。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1.1果蔬汁的制备:
将新鲜的胡萝卜、南瓜、草莓、苹果或梨炸成汁后备用;
1.2光皮木瓜预处理:
选择成熟无变质的光皮木瓜,去皮、去瓤、去瘢痕、切块;
1.3护色:
将光皮木瓜块投入配置好的护色液中护色;
1.4脱涩:
将光皮木瓜块从护色液中捞出,沥干后置于脱涩液中脱涩;
1.5打浆:
将经过脱涩处理后的光皮木瓜块捞出,冲洗沥干后置入打浆机中制作成粗浆液,粗浆液再经胶磨后,过滤到不锈钢罐;
1.6酶解:
不锈钢罐中加入复合酶进行酶解,每1000份(质量比)粗浆液中添加复合酶2-4份(质量比);其中复合酶的配方(质量比)为果胶酶15-20份、半纤维素酶5-10份、纤维素酶3-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、葡萄糖苷酶5-10份;酶解温度为40-50℃,酶解时间为2-3小时;
1.7澄清:
将酶解后的光皮木瓜汁再泵入另一个不锈钢罐中,每100份(质量比)木瓜汁加入0.05-0.08份(质量比)的琼脂作为澄清剂,静置2-4小时,将澄清后的光皮木瓜上清液作为木瓜纯汁再经过滤泵入配料罐调配;
1.8配料:
按照下面的配方(质量比)调配木瓜复合果汁:
木瓜纯汁40-50份、其他果品蔬菜纯汁20-30份、纯净水50-60份、柠檬酸0.05-0.08份、L-苹果酸0.02-0.04份、柠檬酸钠0.1-0.15份、乙基麦芽酚0.01-0.015份、β-环糊精0.3-0.5份、脱氢醋酸钠0.03-0.05份;
1.9脱气、均质:
1.10灭菌、灌装。
上述光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法中,步骤1.3中护色液的配方为:每100份(质量比)水中加入植酸0.01-0.04份(质量比),六偏磷酸钠0.03-0.05份(质量比),D-异抗坏血酸钠0.02-0.04份(质量比);
上述光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法中,步骤1.4中脱涩液采用浓度为0.2-0.5%(质量比)的碳酸钠水溶液中,木瓜块与脱涩溶液的比例为1:8-1:12(质量比)之间,脱涩处理时间为2-4小时;
上述光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法中,步骤1.4和1.5之间,还包含浸泡步骤,将1.4沥干后的木瓜干置于浓度为0.03-0.06%(质量比)柠檬酸冷水中浸泡3-6分钟,捞出冲淋、沥干。
上述光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法中,在步骤1.8配料时还加入稳定剂,稳定剂的组分构成为(质量比):每100份配料后的饮品中,加入果胶0.05-0.08份、CMC-Na 0.08-0.1份、结冷胶0.02-0.04份。
上述光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法中,步骤1.1中木瓜切块的尺寸为5-8mm。
本发明具有以下的有益技术效果:
一、本发明制备的光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料配方、风味独特,适口性强,极大程度地脱除了木瓜本身的酸涩味,保留并突出光皮木瓜独特的芳香气味,同时增加了其他水果和蔬菜汁,丰富了木瓜饮料的口味。
二、本发明采用复合护色剂进行前处理,果汁稳定性好,更利于饮料品质安全和稳定。该法采用植酸、六偏磷酸钠、D-异抗坏血酸钠复合搭配,起到护色作用的同时,避免常用单一亚硫酸钠护色处理造成的饮料中硫酸根离子增加,从而生成其它盐类化合物影响产品品质。
三、本发明采用碳酸钠水溶液为脱涩液,精确控制脱涩过程中浓度、料液比、脱涩时间等技术参数,有效脱除光皮木瓜本身的苦涩味,保障产品品质,极大程度地改善了因溶液浓度过低过高、脱涩时间过长造成产品变色变质的现象,以及因浓度过低、脱涩时间短造成的产品酸涩适口性差的问题。
四、本发明采用复合酶处理脱涩后木瓜块。由于木瓜质地坚硬、果肉细胞结构紧密、纤维素含量高和水分含量低的特点,特别是植物细胞壁组织结构紧密,物理方式难以将其破碎,从而造成细胞内汁液无法释放,导致出汁率低下,是榨汁过程中一大难题。该法针对光皮木瓜特征,利用复合酶,靶点式渗透促使光皮木瓜有效成分更好渗出、提高木瓜出汁率。应用中果胶酶可催化果胶解聚,把大分子长链的原果胶降解为小分子半乳糖醛酸、低聚半乳糖醛酸和果胶,迅速降低了底物粘度,从而增加可溶性果胶的含量。纤维素酶和半纤维素酶能催化纤维素水解,使纤维素增溶和糖化,同时半纤维素酶可减少果汁中不溶性果胶的含量,起到了澄清果汁的作用。蛋白酶可使不溶性的大分子蛋白质和淀粉降解为可溶性物质。在果胶酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和蛋白酶的共同作用下,植物细胞壁被降解,使细胞内的液体和可溶性物质释放出来,从而增加了果蔬的出汁率。此外,葡萄糖苷酶水解木瓜汁释放出大量呈香醇、苯甲醛和苯乙醇等,大大增加了其香气。
具体实施方式
本发明的光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料制备方法包括预处理、护色、脱涩、冲淋、打浆、胶磨、酶解、灭酶、过滤、澄清,配料、脱气、高压均质、瞬时灭菌、灌装、喷淋冲洗、风干、贴标、检验入库等。下面对主要的步骤详述如下:
(1)预处理
选择成熟无变质的光皮木瓜,去皮、去瓤、去瘢痕、切块,其中光皮木瓜切块的尺度大小5-8mm为宜。
(2)护色
将切块后的光皮木瓜块应立即投入配置好的护色液中护色,将木瓜块淹没为宜。其中护色液的配方为:每100份(质量比)水中加入植酸0.01-0.04份(质量比),六偏磷酸钠0.03-0.05份(质量比),D-异抗坏血酸钠0.02-0.04份(质量比)。
本发明采用复合护色剂进行前处理,与传统的单一硫酸钠护色相比,避免常用单一亚硫酸钠护色处理造成的饮料中硫酸根离子增加,从而生成其它盐类化合物影响产品品质,故生产的果汁稳定性好,更利于饮料品质安全和稳定,色泽也比较诱人,引起顾客品尝的欲望。
(3)脱涩
将光皮木瓜块从护色液中捞出,沥干后置于脱涩液中脱涩;脱涩液采用浓度为0.2-0.5%(质量比)的碳酸钠水溶液中,木瓜块与脱涩溶液的比例为1:8-1:12(质量比)之间,脱涩处理时间为2-4小时;
本发明采用碳酸钠水溶液为脱涩液,精确控制脱涩过程中浓度、料液比、脱涩时间等技术参数,有效脱除光皮木瓜本身的苦涩味,保障产品品质。
(4)冲淋、浸泡
将经过脱涩处理后的光皮木瓜块捞出,置于安装有喷头的水龙头下反复冲洗5-8次,沥干、再次置入事先配置好的浓度为0.03-0.06%(质量比)的柠檬酸冷水中浸泡3-6分钟,捞出冲淋、沥干。
(5)打浆
沥干后的木瓜块置入不锈钢打浆机中制作成光皮木瓜粗浆液,粗木瓜液再经胶体磨胶磨,过滤到不锈钢罐中。
(6)酶解
在不锈钢罐中加入复合酶进行酶解。每1000份(质量比)粗浆液中添加复合酶2-4份(质量比);其中复合酶的配方(质量比)为果胶酶15-20份、半纤维素酶5-10份、纤维素酶3-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、葡萄糖苷酶5-10份;酶解温度为40-50℃,酶解时间为2-3小时;
复合酶解是本发明的特色要点之一。由于光皮木瓜质地坚硬、果肉细胞结构紧密、纤维素含量高和水分含量低的特点,特别是植物细胞壁组织结构紧密,物理方式难以将其破碎,从而造成细胞内汁液无法释放,导致出汁率低下,是榨汁过程中一大难题。该法针对光皮木瓜特征,利用复合酶,靶点式渗透促使光皮木瓜有效成分更好渗出、提高木瓜出汁率。应用中果胶酶可催化果胶解聚,把大分子长链的原果胶降解为小分子半乳糖醛酸、低聚半乳糖醛酸和果胶,迅速降低了底物粘度,从而增加可溶性果胶的含量。纤维素酶和半纤维素酶能催化纤维素水解,使纤维素增溶和糖化,同时半纤维素酶可减少果汁中不溶性果胶的含量,起到了澄清果汁的作用。蛋白酶可使不溶性的大分子蛋白质和淀粉降解为可溶性物质。在果胶酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和蛋白酶的共同作用下,植物细胞壁被降解,使细胞内的液体和可溶性物质释放出来,从而增加了果蔬的出汁率。此外,葡萄糖苷酶水解木瓜汁释放出大量呈香醇、苯甲醛和苯乙醇等,大大增加了其香气。
(7)澄清
将酶解后的光皮木瓜汁再泵入另一个不锈钢罐中,置入0.05-0.08%的琼脂作为澄清剂,静置2-4小时,将澄清后的光皮木瓜上清液再经过滤泵入配料罐调配。
(8)配料
按照下面的配方(质量比)调配木瓜复合果汁:
木瓜纯汁40-50份、果品蔬菜汁20-30份、纯净水50-60份、柠檬酸0.05-0.08份、L-苹果酸0.02-0.04份、柠檬酸钠0.1-0.15份、乙基麦芽酚0.01-0.015份、β-环糊精0.3-0.5份、脱氢醋酸钠0.03-0.05份;其中果品蔬菜汁包括胡萝卜汁、南瓜汁、草莓汁、苹果汁或梨汁,需要事先制备好之后留作备用。
配料中还可以加入稳定剂,稳定剂的组分构成为(质量比):每100份配料后的饮品中,加入果胶0.05-0.08份、CMC-Na 0.08-0.1份、结冷胶0.02-0.04份。
本发明制备的光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料,除了具有木瓜和水果蔬菜的味道外,还具有木瓜的独特香气,表1为11人小组对该饮品的感官评价结果。
表1:光皮木瓜饮料的感官评价结果
评价项目 | 评价结果 |
色泽 | 取决于不同的添加果蔬的颜色 |
香气 | 水果味加木瓜自有的芳香气味 |
滋味 | 酸甜可口、含有木瓜和果蔬的口味 |
浊度 | 透明,有少许沉淀 |
杂质 | 无肉眼可见的杂质 |
实验表明,经常饮用该饮品,健脾开胃、提高人体免疫力和增强抵抗力作用,适用于长期从事智力活动的亚健康人群,而且通过增加果蔬汁,营养成分丰富,增加了多样化口感。
Claims (6)
1.一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1.1果蔬汁的制备:
将新鲜的胡萝卜、南瓜、草莓、苹果或梨炸成汁后备用;
1.2光皮木瓜预处理:
选择成熟无变质的光皮木瓜,去皮、去瓤、去瘢痕、切块;
1.3护色:
将光皮木瓜块投入配置好的护色液中护色;
1.4脱涩:
将光皮木瓜块从护色液中捞出,沥干后置于脱涩液中脱涩;
1.5打浆:
将经过脱涩处理后的光皮木瓜块捞出,冲洗沥干后置入打浆机中制作成粗浆液,粗浆液再经胶磨后,过滤到不锈钢罐;
1.6酶解:
不锈钢罐中加入复合酶进行酶解,每1000份(质量比)粗浆液中添加复合酶2-4份(质量比);其中复合酶的配方(质量比)为果胶酶15-20份、半纤维素酶5-10份、纤维素酶3-5份、蛋白酶1-5份、葡萄糖苷酶5-10份;酶解温度为40-50℃,酶解时间为2-3小时;
1.7澄清:
将酶解后的光皮木瓜汁再泵入另一个不锈钢罐中,每100份(质量比)木瓜汁加入0.05-0.08份(质量比)的琼脂作为澄清剂,静置2-4小时,将澄清后的光皮木瓜上清液作为木瓜纯汁再经过滤泵入配料罐调配;
1.8配料:
按照下面的配方(质量比)调配木瓜复合果汁:
木瓜纯汁40-50份、果蔬汁20-30份、纯净水50-60份、柠檬酸0.05-0.08份、L-苹果酸0.02-0.04份、柠檬酸钠0.1-0.15份、乙基麦芽酚0.01-0.015份、β-环糊精0.3-0.5份、脱氢醋酸钠0.03-0.05份;
1.9脱气、均质:
1.10灭菌、灌装。
2.根据权利要求所述的一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1.3中护色液的配方为:每100份(质量比)水中加入植酸0.01-0.04份(质量比),六偏磷酸钠0.03-0.05份(质量比),D-异抗坏血酸钠0.02-0.04份(质量比)。
3.根据权利要求所述的一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1.4中脱涩液采用浓度为0.2-0.5%(质量比)的碳酸钠水溶液中,木瓜块与脱涩溶液的比例为1:8-1:12(质量比)之间,脱涩处理时间为2-4小时。
4.根据权利要求所述的一种光皮木瓜复合果汁饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1.4和1.5之间,还包含浸泡步骤,将1.4沥干后的木瓜干置于浓度为0.03-0.06%(质量比)柠檬酸冷水中浸泡3-6分钟,捞出冲淋、沥干。
5.根据权利要求所述的一种光皮木瓜饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤1.8配料时还加入稳定剂,稳定剂的组分构成为(质量比):每100份配料后的饮品中,加入果胶0.05-0.08份、CMC-Na 0.08-0.1份、结冷胶0.02-0.04份。
6.根据权利要求所述的一种光皮木瓜饮料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤1.2中木瓜切块的尺寸为5-8mm。
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CN107223821A (zh) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-10-03 | 张俊辉 | 一种菟丝子牛奶果保健饮料的制作方法 |
CN108685054A (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-23 | 常龙田 | 一种木瓜果蓉的制备方法 |
CN111616290A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-09-04 | 河北工程大学 | 一种乳酸菌发酵红枣饮料及其制备方法 |
CN111616289A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-09-04 | 河北工程大学 | 一种乳酸菌发酵红枣沙棘饮料及其制备方法 |
CN114246240A (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-29 | 西安文理学院 | 一种光皮木瓜果片及其制备方法 |
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CN114246240A (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-03-29 | 西安文理学院 | 一种光皮木瓜果片及其制备方法 |
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