CN106659495A - 圆形针驱动器 - Google Patents

圆形针驱动器 Download PDF

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CN106659495A
CN106659495A CN201580041926.8A CN201580041926A CN106659495A CN 106659495 A CN106659495 A CN 106659495A CN 201580041926 A CN201580041926 A CN 201580041926A CN 106659495 A CN106659495 A CN 106659495A
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syringe
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W·J·怀特
D·T·马丁
M·D·克罗宁
D·J·穆莫
M·J·布克班德
D·L·盖格
A·C·德克
J·R·摩根
R·C·杨
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0482Needle or suture guides
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06114Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures
    • A61B17/06133Packages or dispensers for needles or sutures of parallelepipedal shape, e.g. made of rectangular or slightly oval panels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/062Needle manipulators
    • A61B17/0625Needle manipulators the needle being specially adapted to interact with the manipulator, e.g. being ridged to snap fit in a hole of the manipulator
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00367Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
    • A61B2017/00407Ratchet means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/0046Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable
    • A61B2017/00473Distal part, e.g. tip or head
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • A61B2017/047Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery having at least one proximally pointing needle located at the distal end of the instrument, e.g. for suturing trocar puncture wounds starting from inside the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/0469Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery
    • A61B2017/0479Packages or dispensers for MIS suturing instruments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06066Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations
    • A61B2017/06071Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations with an abrupt angle formed between two adjacent sections
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for suturing wounds; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06Needles ; Sutures; Needle-suture combinations; Holders or packages for needles or suture materials
    • A61B17/06066Needles, e.g. needle tip configurations
    • A61B2017/0608J-shaped

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Abstract

本发明提供了一种外科缝合装置,该外科缝合装置包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径在第一旋转方向上驱动该针。楔件突伸到该圆形路径中,并且能够操作以接合针并防止针在与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。该楔件可向内突伸到该圆形路径的平面中。

Description

圆形针驱动器
发明背景
本发明总体涉及外科装置和规程,更具体地涉及外科缝合。
缝合线通常用于多种外科规程中。手动缝合通常是由外科医生使用一对精细抓紧器来抓住并保持缝合针,用针穿刺组织,释放针,然后重新抓住针以将针和附带的缝合线牵拉穿过待缝合组织而完成。此类针通常是弯曲的,其中缝合线附接到针的后端。人们已经尝试使用多种自动缝合装置以加速缝合过程并有利于内窥镜式、腹腔镜式或关节镜式外科手术过程中的精细缝合或缝合。尽管自动缝合装置一般来讲是已知的,但此前还没有人制造或使用根据本发明的外科缝合装置。
附图说明
虽然本说明书得出的最终结论是具体指出并明确要求本发明的权利要求书,但据信根据结合附图的以下描述将更好地理解本发明,附图示出了本发明的一些非限制性示例。除非另外指明,否则附图未必按比例绘制附图,而是示出本发明的原理。
图1示出了外科缝合装置的侧视图;
图2A示出了接收器的顶部分解透视图;
图2B示出了接收器的底部分解透视图;
图3A示出了针筒的缩放顶部透视图;
图3B示出了针筒的缩放底部透视图;
图4示出了针筒的分解图;
图5A示出了用于在针行程的一端处驱动针的传输装置的透视图;
图5B示出了用于在中间行程处驱动针的传输装置的透视图;
图5C示出了用于在针行程的另一端处驱动针的传输装置的透视图;
图6A示出了针盖的外部透视图;
图6B示出了针盖的内部透视图;
图7示出了在近侧位置中具有保持架的针筒的缩放透视图;
图8示出了针筒的透视图;
图9示出了针盖的透视图;
图10示出了接合针的后端的楔件的详细视图;
图11示出了针盖的平面图;
图12示出了具有打开式针盖的针筒的透视图;
图13示出了具有打开式针盖的针筒的透视图;
图14示出了具有打开式针盖的针筒的透视图;以及
图15示出了具有打开式针盖的针筒的透视图。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,外科缝合装置包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径在第一旋转方向上驱动针。楔件突伸到圆形路径中,并且能够操作以接合针并防止该针在与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。楔件可向内突伸到圆形路径的平面中。
在另一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。轨道接收针并限定圆形路径。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径在第一旋转方向上旋转针。盖捕获轨道中的针。盖包括外面、内面和从内面突伸到轨道中的楔件。楔件适于接合针的后端并防止针在与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。
针驱动器可在驱动行程和返回行程之间往复运动。驱动行程可将针旋转约180度。盖可包括突伸到轨道中并沿着圆形路径彼此间隔约180度的两个楔件。楔件可定位成在驱动行程的末端处邻近针的后端。楔件和盖可一体地形成。楔件在尺寸上可能妨碍针轨道中的针。盖可弹性偏转以适应这种妨碍。盖的上面可包括与楔件对准的离隙部。楔件可包括倾斜的前面和适于接合针的后端的阶梯式后面。
在另一个实施方案中,外科缝合装置包括具有前端、后端和连接至针的一段缝合线的弧形针。针驱动器适于接合并沿圆形路径在第一旋转方向上旋转针。一种部件,该部件用于接合针并防止针在与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。
在又一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。主体具有接收针并限定圆形路径的轨道。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径旋转针。盖捕获轨道中的针。保持架接合并保持针盖贴靠主体。保持架可相对于主体滑动以脱离盖的一部分,从而允许盖偏转并从轨道释放针。
在另一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。主体具有一对朝远侧突伸的臂和接收针并限定圆形路径的轨道。针驱动器能够操作以跨过主体臂地沿着圆形路径旋转针。盖捕获轨道中的针,该盖具有一对朝远侧突伸且与主体臂对准的臂。保持架可相对于主体在远侧位置和近侧位置之间滑动,在远侧位置,保持架将盖臂约束为贴靠主体臂以捕获轨道中的针,在近侧位置,保持架脱离盖臂,从而允许将针从轨道中排出。主体和盖臂可限定大致U形的远侧端部,保持架可包括U形远侧端部,当保持架处于其远侧位置时,该端部与U形远侧端部对准。盖臂偏转以排出针。
在又一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。针筒主体具有接收针并限定圆形路径的轨道。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径旋转针。盖位于主体上并且定位在轨道中的针的上方。盖可相对于主体选择性地运动以从轨道释放针。
针筒还可包括将盖连接至主体的铰链。主体可具有纵向轴线并且铰链正交于纵向轴线地取向。铰链平行于纵向轴线地取向。针筒还可包括将盖连接至主体的枢轴。盖可围绕枢轴在平行于圆形路径的平面上旋转。盖可相对于主体侧向滑动。
在另一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有前端、后端和一段缝合线的弧形针。针筒主体具有接收针并限定圆形路径的轨道。针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径旋转针。盖位于主体上,定位在轨道中的针的上方。针筒包括用于移动盖以从轨道释放针的部件。
在又一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括具有一定长度、宽度和高度的主体。长度是宽度的至少2倍,宽度小于高度的3.5倍。针筒包括弧形针和缝合线,以及能够操作以沿圆形路径驱动针的针驱动器。长度可小于宽度的5倍,宽度可大于高度。
针筒还可包括一个或多个不对称的特征结构,这些特征结构能够操作以防止不恰当地接合接收器。针筒还可包括将旋转输入件连接至针驱动器的传输装置。针筒还可包括能够操作以被接收器上的锁齿接合的台阶。主体还可包括大致平坦且彼此平行的上面和下面。
在另一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括大致平坦且彼此平行的上面和下面、近侧端部以及两个远侧臂。针筒具有一定长度、宽度和高度,其中长度是宽度的至少2倍,宽度小于高度的3.5倍。针筒具有弧形针和缝合线,以及能够操作以沿圆形路径横跨臂驱动针的针驱动器。长度可小于宽度的5倍,宽度可大于高度。
上表面和下表面可不对称以防止不恰当地接合接收器。远侧面可不对称以防止不恰当地接合接收器。上面上的凹陷台阶能够操作以被接收器上的锁齿接合。下面上的旋转输入件和传输装置可操作地将旋转输入件连接至针驱动器。
在另一个实施方案中,针筒适于附接到外科缝合装置上的接收器。针筒包括各自大致平坦且彼此平行的上面和下面。上面和下面各自为具有U形远侧凹口的大致矩形。上面和下面各自具有一定长度和宽度,其中长度是宽度的至少2倍。针筒具有弧形针和缝合线,以及能够操作以沿平行于上面和下面且跨过U形凹口的圆形路径驱动针的针驱动器。传输装置可操作地将下面上的旋转输入件连接至针驱动器。
具体实施方式
图1示出了外科缝合装置的实施方案。细长轴20具有近侧端部21、远侧端部22和在两者之间延伸的纵向轴线。致动器10连接至轴20的近侧端部21。在该实施方案中,致动器10是手动手枪式握把柄部;然而,还可使用多种其它手动致动器,包括剪刀式握把柄部、注射器式握把柄部、内窥镜式旋钮等等。致动器10还可采用机器人式接口的形式,诸如DAVINCI弹力盘、或包括齿轮或滑轮的外壳、伺服机构等等。
圆形针施放器30连接至轴20的近侧端部22。圆形针施放器30沿圆形路径旋转弧形针,使外科医生能够选择性地施加缝合线。圆形针施放器30可与轴20和致动器10成一体,作为旨在用于单次外科规程的一体式一次性器械。圆形针施放器30也可与轴20和致动器10成一体,作为可重复使用的器械。任选地,如本文所述,圆形针施放器30可包含在一次性针筒90中,并且轴20可包括用于保持针筒90的接收器50。在此实施方案中,轴20和致动器10也可为一次性的或可重复使用的。具有可重复使用部件的实施方案需要进行清洁、灭菌,然后再次用于多个外科规程中,并且可包括冲洗口18以利于清洁。可重复使用器械的优选使用寿命为至少50次操作,更优选至少150次操作,最优选至少200次操作。可重复使用部件可使用能够承受至少135℃高压釜杀菌温度的材料制成,但也可采用本领域已知的低温杀菌技术来使用低温材料。
此处所示的第一输入件12作为在打开位置和闭合位置之间枢转的触发器,能够被用来选择性地致动圆形针施放器30。触发器可被弹簧偏置,以使触发器回到其打开位置。此处所示的第二输入件14作为旋钮,能够被用来选择性地使轴20进行关节运动。此处所示的第三输入件16作为旋钮,能够被用来选择性地使圆形针施放器30围绕轴20旋转。当然,输入件12、14和16的数目、类型、构造和操作可能不同。
外科缝合装置和子部件的示例公开于在2013年3月15日提交的共同拥有的美国专利申请13/832595(案卷号END7266USNP)中,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。此申请中公开的许多教导内容适用于本公开。
图2A-图2B示出了接收器50的实施方案的分解图。轴远侧端部22包括关节运动接头23和旋转轴承24。接头23包括转向节23A,其接收连接至轴承支撑件24B、24C的销23B、23C。因此,销23B、23C限定接头23的枢转轴线,使得接收器50可相对于轴20向左和向右进行关节运动。杆27A、27B可操作地连接至接头23。在该实施方案中,杆27A、27B延伸穿过轴20,穿过转向节23A,并连接至轴承支撑件24C上的销29A、29B。杆27A、27B操作地连接至第二输入件14,以交替地推拉杆27A、27B。因为销29A、29B与枢转轴线侧向间隔开,因此推拉动作继而使接收器50相对于轴20围绕接头23进行关节运动。
旋转轴承24定位在关节运动接头23的远侧。轴承24包括在轴承支撑件24B和24C之间捕获的周边凸缘24A,使得凸缘24A可相对于轴承支撑件24B、24C旋转并使得接收器50相对于轴20无限旋转。驱动杆28延伸穿过轴20。在该实施方案中,驱动杆28包括固定地连接到彼此的近侧刚性部分28A和远侧可弯曲部分28B。可弯曲部分28B延伸穿过接头23并穿过轴承24,远侧端部28C固定地连接至齿条45上的安装座49。
齿条45在下钳口51中纵向地往复运动,其中从动件45A、45B、45C和45D分别约束在轨道55A、55B、55C和55D中。轨道55A、55B、55C和55D打开穿过下钳口51,为下钳口51内的内部部件提供流体通道,因此更利于清洁。用齿条45中的销46将小齿轮47安装到下钳口51,使得齿条45的纵向往复运动转换为小齿轮47的旋转往复运动。键48将往复式旋转转换为针筒90中的传输,继而致动圆形针施放器30。
驱动杆28操作地连接至第一输入件12并连接至第三输入件16。第一输入件12的致动将赋予驱动杆28轴向推拉载荷,以使齿条45纵向往复运动并致动圆形针施放器30。第三输入件16的致动将赋予驱动杆28旋转载荷,因此使接收器50相对于轴20围绕轴承24旋转。因此,单个驱动杆28用于致动圆形针施放器30同时控制远侧旋转。使用单个驱动杆28合并两个功能,部件的数目减少,并且在轴20中提供更多空间,使得装置制造成本更低且更易于清洁。
接收器50的尺寸被设计成适于接收和保持一次性针筒90。接收器具有上钳口56和下钳口51,钳口具有适于接收和保持针筒90的闭合位置以及适于释放针筒的打开位置。在该实施方案中,下钳口51固定并且上钳口56枢转;然而,此布置方式可相反,或在另选的实施方案中,两个钳口56、51均枢转。下钳口51具有两个侧向偏置的纵向轨道52,其尺寸被设计成适于接收针筒90。轨道52利于在接收器50中纵向对准针筒90并将针筒90侧向保持在钳口51、56中。上钳口56相对于下钳口51围绕孔57中接收的销53旋转。齿59从上钳口56朝具有倾斜远侧面和阶梯式近侧面的下钳口51弹性地向下取向。齿59的尺寸被设计成适于锁住针筒90并将针筒纵向保持在钳口51、56中。齿59通过从上钳口56的远侧端部朝近侧延伸的弹性悬臂偏转。在该实施方案中,齿59和悬臂与上钳口56成一体,因此减少部件和移动件的数目,使得装置制造成本更低且更易于清洁。
按钮60用于打开和关闭钳口51、56。虽然按钮60可放置在致动器10上或其附近,但在该实施方案中,按钮60邻近接收器50定位,这样在轴20中无需连接件,因此在轴20中形成空间并使得装置成本更低且更易于清洁。按钮60的动作可能不同,但在该实施方案中,按钮60相对于下钳口51围绕孔61中接收的销63枢转。从动件62由凸轮狭槽54、58接收。朝近侧枢转按钮60将打开钳口51、56,而朝远侧枢转钳口将闭合钳口51、56。弹簧64接合按钮60并朝远侧偏压按钮60。通过朝近侧牵拉按钮60,从动件62将驱动凸轮狭槽58以打开上钳口56。当释放按钮60时,弹簧64将朝远侧偏压按钮60以闭合上钳口56。
图3A-图3B示出了适于附接到接收器50的一次性针驱动器针筒90的一个实施方案。上面96和下面91为具有大致U形远侧凹口的大致矩形。上面96和下面91大致平坦且彼此平行。出于功能和美学考虑,针筒90的尺寸比例可能不同,但在该实施方案中,针筒90是细长的,其长度为宽度的至少2倍,宽度小于高度的3.5倍。任选地,长度可小于宽度的5倍,宽度可大于高度的1.0倍。
下面91适于接合下钳口51,上面96适于接合上钳口56。针筒90上的不对称特征结构能够操作以防止针筒90不恰当地插入进入接收器50中,同时也有助于针筒90的美学外观。例如,下面91具有一对纵向带凹口的肩部92,其尺寸被设计成接合并配合轨道52。在该实施方案中,带凹口的肩部92的形状为阶梯式槽口,但也可采用多种其它美学形状,诸如倒角和半径。相比之下,上面96相对于下面91是不对称的并缺少肩部凹口,因此如果倒置插入针筒,上面96将妨碍轨道52。又如,近侧面98的几何形状是竖直不对称的,从而防止针筒90倒置插入钳口51和钳口56之间。在该实施方案中,近侧面98包括平缓过渡到上面96的弯曲表面,其匹配接收器50中的类似几何形状,同时在过渡到下面91时具有较小的半径。当然,也可采用多种其它可有助于针筒90的视觉外观的尺寸比例和不对称美学几何形状。
当针筒90滑动到进入接收器50中时,狭槽95和旋转输入件94对准并且其尺寸被设计成接收键48。当针筒90完全位于接收器50中时,凹陷台阶99与齿59对准并接收齿59以将针筒90锁在接收器50中。键48也与旋转输入件94对准,从而提供旋转地联接小齿轮47和旋转输入件94的扭转接口。在使用中,针70离开臂93A并进入臂93B。
保持架120在针筒90上的远侧位置(如图3A-图3B所示)和近侧位置(如图7所示)之间纵向滑动。保持架120可由冲压和弯曲的金属片形成,但也可使用其它材料和制造工艺。一对侧向隔开腿部122A、122B各自包括接合阶梯式凹口87A、87B并在其中滑动的凸缘127A、127B。桥接件121在腿部122A和122B之间延伸,接合针盖100并保持其贴靠针筒90。桥接件121包括与臂93A、93B对准的远侧U形凹口。腿部122A、122B各自包括用于接收来自针筒90的侧向突起部83的开口123。突起部83扩大针筒90中的空间以容纳针和支架轨道84、88。突起部83各自包括远侧倾斜部分和近侧阶梯式部分,远侧倾斜部分允许保持架120朝近侧滑动,近侧阶梯式部分接合开口123的边缘,从而防止保持架120朝远侧滑动偏离针筒90。
可添加特征结构以利于滑动保持架120。在一个示例中,桥接件121上设置有凹陷部125,外科医生可向其中插入外科器械以朝近侧推动保持架120。凹陷部125与纵向凹陷部110对准,以利于器械和凹陷部125之间更牢固的接合。在另一个示例中,圆形孔124延伸穿过腿部122A、122B中的每个腿部,外科医生可向其中插入外科器械以朝近侧推动保持架120。当然,特征结构的形状、尺寸和构造可能与上述不同。
图4示出包括下主体81、上主体82和针盖83的针筒90的示例。针驱动器86、旋转输入件94和连接件85被捕获在下主体81和上主体82之间。下主体81和上主体82使用包括焊接、销、粘合剂等在内的多种已知技术彼此附接,以形成针筒主体。针70具有前端71和从后端72延伸的一段缝合线73。针70沿由针轨道84限定的圆形路径在臂93A和臂93B之间旋转。可提供特征结构74以利于针驱动器86接合和驱动针70。由针盖83捕获针轨道84中的针70。保持架87在针筒主体上方滑动以贴靠下主体81附接针盖83。
图5A-图5C示出针筒90中用于沿圆形路径驱动针70的传输装置的驱动行程的实施方案。针驱动器86在支架轨道88中移动并延伸到针轨道84中以接合并驱动针70。连接件85将旋转输入件94连接至针驱动器86。图5A示出位于其在支架轨道88中的行程的一端处的针驱动器86。如图5B所示,旋转输入件94的逆时针旋转将使针驱动器86沿着支架轨道88顺时针平移,从而顺时针驱动针70。如图5C所示,旋转输入件94继续逆时针旋转将使针驱动器86继续平移,并顺时针驱动针70直至其到达其在支架轨道88中的行程的另一端。在该实施方案中,驱动行程沿其圆形路径旋转针70约180度。对于返回行程,可通过顺时针旋转旋转输入件94而颠倒顺序,这将在支架轨道88中逆时针平移针驱动器86。因此,一系列驱动行程和返回行程将沿圆形路径旋转针70。
图6A-图6B示出具有外面101和内面102的针盖100的实施方案,该内面接合下主体81。臂103A、103B限定大致U形的远侧端部,该端部与针筒90上的相应臂93A、93B对准。突片104A、104B有利于相对于相应臂93A、93B对准并侧向稳定臂103A、103B。柱105有利于将盖100附接到下主体81,并且可与下主体81上的配对孔进行过盈配合。盖100捕获轨道84中的针70。中间边缘103C部分地覆盖针轨道84,从而沿着针轨道84的长度限定中间窗口,缝合线可通过该窗口延伸出。但是,该窗口的尺寸设定成小于针70的厚度,以便将针70约束在针轨道84中。
楔件106A、106B从内面102延伸到针轨道84中。虽然本实施方案示出楔件106A、106B向内突伸到针轨道84的平面中,但这些楔件可能以另选的取向,诸如从针轨道84的侧壁或从针轨道84的底板来定位。楔件106A、106B定位成在驱动行程的末端处邻近针70的后端72。楔件106A、106B允许针70在驱动行程过程中旋转,但在返回行程过程中接合后端72以防止针70在相反方向上旋转。因此,针70只在一个方向上旋转且前端71向前行进。楔件106A、106B的尺寸可设计成妨碍位于针轨道84中的针70,并且可偏转以允许针70由于楔件材料或总体系统中的回弹力在驱动行程过程中通过。例如,该实施方案在盖100的外面101上包括与相应楔件106A、106B对准的离隙部107A、107B。离隙部107A、107B减小了盖100的厚度,提供减小的局部刚度并允许盖100弹性地偏转以在针70通过时适应妨碍。
与防止针向后旋转的其它技术诸如片簧或棘爪相比,楔件106A、106B具有多种优势。例如,楔件106A、106B可与盖100一体地形成,因此无需单独的部件,从而有利地降低成本和简化组装。例如,盖和楔件可使用像聚碳酸酯、聚醚酰亚胺等材料注塑成形。又如,楔件106A、106B是静态的,因此无需运动零件,从而使得系统更稳健、更可靠。再如,尤其是当与金属片簧相比时,楔件106A、106B边缘的磨蚀性往往较小,因此减少了对缝合线73的不利磨损。
隆起部109A、109B、109C和109D从盖100的外面101向外突伸。隆起部109A、109B、109C和109D的尺寸妨碍接合保持架120的桥接件121,因此将盖100偏压成贴靠下主体81。在该实施方案中,远侧隆起部109A、109B比近侧隆起部109C、109D短。内面102上的离隙部108C、108D与相应的近侧隆起部109C、109D对准。离隙部108C、108D减小了盖100的厚度,从而提供减小的局部刚度并允许盖100弹性地偏转。
如图7所示,保持架120可相对于针筒90朝近侧滑动以释放针70。在近侧位置,保持架120完全脱离臂103A、103B,因此它们不再被约束为贴靠下主体81。因此,轻轻牵拉针70将致使臂103A、103B远离下主体81偏转,从而允许将针70从针轨道84排出。任选地,当朝近侧牵拉保持架120时,作用在隆起部109C、109D上的向内载荷可摇动盖100,使得臂103A、103B提升远离下主体81,从而留出空隙,针70可从该空隙中排出。
图8-图11示出具有主体131和针盖132的针筒130的另一个实施方案。楔件136A、136B向内突伸,其在尺寸上妨碍针轨道84中的针70。每个楔件136A、136B均具有倾斜的前面133,从而允许针70在驱动行程过程中在楔件136A、136B的下方通过并向外偏转楔件。在驱动行程的末端处,阶梯式后端73将旋转通过楔件136A、136B中的一者,并且楔件随后将向内偏转。后面134将接合后端72以防止针70向后旋转。系统中的回弹力允许楔件136A、136B偏转并复位。例如,针盖132可在区域135A、135B和135C中通过焊接、粘合剂、紧固件、按扣配合件等固定到主体131上。但是,通过使针盖131不固定在与相应楔件136A、136B对准的区域139A、139B中,使盖131弹性地向外局部偏转,当针70通过时该盖可适应尺寸上的妨碍。
图12示出针筒140的另一个实施方案。针盖142通过相应臂143A、143B上的铰链145A、145B连接至主体141。在该实施方案中,铰链145A、145B对准,与针筒主体141的纵向轴线正交。可使用按扣配合件、紧固件、易碎元件等来附接针盖142的其余部分。可通过围绕铰链145A、145B移动针盖142远离主体141而排出针70,以打开并露出针轨道84。
图13示出针筒150的另一个实施方案。针盖152通过纵向取向的铰链155连接至主体151。在此示例中,铰链155邻近U形远侧端部的谷定位,但它也可定位在任一侧面上。可通过围绕铰链155移动针盖152远离针筒主体151而排出针70,以打开并露出针轨道84。
图14示出针筒160的另一个实施方案。针盖162通过位于其中一个臂的远侧端部处的枢轴165连接至主体161。可通过围绕枢轴165移动平行于针筒主体161的针盖162而排出针70,以打开并露出针轨道84。
图15示出针筒170的另一个实施方案。针盖172通过保持导轨175A、175B和175C连接至主体171。可通过相对于导轨175A、175B和175C移动针盖172而排出针70,以打开并露出针轨道84。在该实施方案中,针盖172侧向滑动,但它也可纵向或对角滑动。
已经示出和描述了本发明的多个实施方案和示例,可由本领域普通技术人员在不偏离本发明的范围的情况下进行适当修改来实现本文描述的方法和设备的进一步改进。已经提及了若干此类潜在修改形式,并且其它修改形式对本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见。例如,附图的具体材料、尺寸和比例将会被理解为非限制性示例。因此,本发明的范围应根据下面的权利要求书考虑,并且应理解为不限于本说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构、材料或操作的细节。

Claims (24)

1.一种外科缝合装置,包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针包括前端、后端和一段缝合线;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以沿着圆形路径在第一旋转方向上驱动所述针;和
楔件,所述楔件突伸到所述圆形路径中并能够操作以接合所述针并防止所述针在与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外科缝合装置,其中所述楔件向内突伸到所述圆形路径的平面中。
3.一种适于附接到位于外科缝合装置上的接收器的针筒,所述针筒包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针具有前端、后端和一段缝合线;
轨道,所述轨道接收所述针并限定圆形路径;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以沿着所述圆形路径在第一旋转方向上旋转所述针;和
盖,所述盖捕获位于所述轨道中的所述针,所述盖包括外面、内面和从所述内面突伸到所述轨道中的楔件,所述楔件适于接合所述针的所述后端并防止所述针在与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。
4.根据权利要求3所述的针筒,其中:
所述针驱动器在驱动行程和返回行程之间往复运动;
所述驱动行程将所述针旋转约180度;并且
所述盖包括突伸到所述轨道中并沿着所述圆形路径彼此间隔约180度的两个楔件。
5.根据权利要求4所述的针筒,其中楔件定位成在所述驱动行程的末端处邻近所述针的所述后端。
6.根据权利要求3所述的针筒,其中所述楔件和盖一体地形成。
7.根据权利要求3所述的针筒,其中所述楔件在尺寸上妨碍位于所述针轨道中的所述针。
8.根据权利要求7所述的针筒,其中所述盖弹性地偏转以适应所述妨碍。
9.根据权利要求8所述的针筒,其中所述盖的上面包括与所述楔件对准的离隙部。
10.根据权利要求3所述的针筒,其中所述楔件包括倾斜的前面和适于接合所述针的所述后端的阶梯式后面。
11.一种外科缝合装置,包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针包括前端、后端和连接至所述针的一段缝合线;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器适于接合所述针并沿圆形路径在第一旋转方向上旋转所述针;
部件,所述部件用于接合所述针并防止所述针在与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向上旋转。
12.一种适于附接到位于外科缝合装置上的接收器的针筒,所述针筒包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针具有前端、后端和一段缝合线;
主体,所述主体具有接收所述针并限定圆形路径的轨道;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以沿着所述圆形路径旋转所述针;和
盖,所述盖捕获位于所述轨道中的所述针;和
保持架,所述保持架接合并保持针盖贴靠所述主体。
13.根据权利要求12所述的针筒,其中所述保持架相对于所述主体滑动以脱离所述盖的一部分,从而允许所述盖偏转并从所述轨道释放所述针。
14.一种适于附接到位于外科缝合装置上的接收器的针筒,所述针筒包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针具有前端、后端和一段缝合线;
主体,所述主体具有一对朝远侧突伸的臂和接收所述针并限定圆形路径的轨道;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以跨过主体臂地沿着所述圆形路径旋转所述针;
盖,所述盖捕获位于所述轨道中的所述针,所述盖具有与所述主体臂对准的一对朝远侧突伸的臂;
保持架,所述保持架能够相对于所述主体在远侧位置和近侧位置之间滑动,在所述远侧位置,所述保持架将盖臂约束为贴靠所述主体臂以捕获位于所述轨道中的所述针,在所述近侧位置,所述保持架脱离所述盖臂,从而允许将所述针从所述轨道排出。
15.根据权利要求14所述的针筒,其中所述主体和所述盖臂限定大致U形的远侧端部,并且所述保持架包括U形远侧端部,当所述保持架处于其远侧位置时,所述U形远侧端部与所述U形的远侧端部对准。
16.根据权利要求14所述的针筒,其中所述盖臂偏转以排出所述针。
17.一种适于附接到位于外科缝合装置上的接收器的针筒,所述针筒包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针具有前端、后端和一段缝合线;
针筒主体,所述针筒主体具有接收所述针并限定圆形路径的轨道;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以沿着所述圆形路径旋转所述针;和
盖,所述盖位于所述主体上并定位在位于所述轨道中的所述针的上方,所述盖能够相对于所述主体选择性地运动以从所述轨道释放所述针。
18.根据权利要求17所述的针筒,还包括将所述盖连接至所述主体的铰链。
19.根据权利要求18所述的针筒,其中所述主体具有纵向轴线,并且所述铰链正交于所述纵向轴线地取向。
20.根据权利要求18所述的针筒,其中所述主体具有纵向轴线,并且所述铰链平行于所述纵向轴线地取向。
21.根据权利要求17所述的针筒,还包括将所述盖连接至所述主体的枢轴。
22.根据权利要求17所述的针筒,其中所述盖在与所述圆形路径平行的平面中围绕所述枢轴旋转。
23.根据权利要求17所述的针筒,其中所述盖相对于所述主体侧向滑动。
24.一种适于附接到位于外科缝合装置上的接收器的针筒,所述针筒包括:
弧形针,所述弧形针具有前端、后端和一段缝合线;
针筒主体,所述针筒主体具有接收所述针并限定圆形路径的轨道;
针驱动器,所述针驱动器能够操作以沿着所述圆形路径旋转所述针;
盖,所述盖位于所述主体上并定位在位于所述轨道中的所述针的上方;和
部件,所述部件用于移动所述盖以从所述轨道释放所述针。
CN201580041926.8A 2014-06-06 2015-05-21 圆形针驱动器 Pending CN106659495A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20170510