CN106564240B - 一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106564240B
CN106564240B CN201610974800.2A CN201610974800A CN106564240B CN 106564240 B CN106564240 B CN 106564240B CN 201610974800 A CN201610974800 A CN 201610974800A CN 106564240 B CN106564240 B CN 106564240B
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游维涛
张述文
白建辉
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其步骤包括:以改性含氮杂环环氧树脂为树脂基体,无碱玻璃纤维毡为基材,经喷涂、烘焙、叠合和热压而成。本发明的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板具有优异的耐漏电起痕性和耐电弧性,同时又具有良好的常态/热态机械性能和加工性。

Description

一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种层压板的制备方法,特别是涉及一种玻璃毡层压板的制备方法。
背景技术
玻璃毡是采用无碱玻璃纤维均匀分散铺成各种克重(225-900g/m2),使用3-7%比重的粘接剂粘接烘焙而成,其结构疏散、渗透性好,且各向同性。与玻璃布层压板比,玻璃毡层压板以其良好的各向同性、机械加工性、不分层、不翘曲等特性被广泛应用于大型电机和变压器中,适用于绝缘支撑件和紧固件,克服了金属固定件的爬电现象。
随着电机向着高电压、高功率、大容量、高性能等方向发展,对线圈在槽部和端部固定材料的要求也越来越高,既要具有良好的机械性能和电绝缘性能,又要保持良好的长期热稳定性,从而促使电机绝缘层压板进一步向高耐热以及高性能方向发展。
同时为保障高电压、特高电压等电力系统的正常运行,尤其是在一些运行环境比较严酷的地区,如在面对一些像公路边、沿海地区和高原地带等,以及一些如低压、沙尘、放射线辐射和高磁场等的特殊环境时,电气设备中的绝缘材料的性能对输配设备的可靠性和使用寿命有决定性影响;而其中一项重要的安全可靠性指标——耐漏电起痕性能,更加不可忽视;高湿、污浊的环境下耐漏电起痕指数越高,电绝缘性能越好,反之则越差;因为绝缘材料在电场和电解液的联合作用下易逐渐形成导电通路,破坏材料的绝缘性,并容易产生火花,造成局部短路失火,严重者甚至易导致火灾发生;故耐漏电起痕指数的高低直接制约了电气设备的运行安全性。
为同时满足耐热和高耐漏电起痕要求,首先需要选用耐热性环氧树脂,同时需要向树脂结构中引入一定量的五元杂环或者六元杂环,尤其是引入一定量的含氮或者含磷杂环,在提高其热稳定性的同时,又可有效降低碳密集度,阻隔树脂本身的碳通路,从而实现耐漏电起痕效果。
专利(CN103254574A)公开了一种玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,提出了以双酚A环氧树脂、酚醛环氧树脂和多官能度环氧树脂为复合树脂,芳香型胺类为固化剂,三氟化硼单乙胺为促进剂,固化而成的玻璃毡板,体现出了良好的热机械性能,可满足F级耐热要求;并且采用了自制独有的喷淋设备进行上胶,保证了规模化生产。
专利(CN102504197A)公开了一种具有高漏电起痕指数的无卤环氧树脂组合物及其应用,提出了以含氮杂环环氧树脂和含磷有机物DOPO通过化学改性制成含磷并氮杂环环氧树脂组合物,配合胺类固化剂、促进剂和无机填料制成具有优异的耐漏电起痕性能的玻璃布层压板;当选用芳香型固化剂DDS时,板材具有良好的热机械性能。
专利(CN1793224A)公开了一种无卤素的阻燃型环氧树脂组合物以及含有该组合物的半固化片及覆铜箔层压板,提出了以双酚A环氧树脂、马来海松酸缩水甘油酯、高邻位酚醛型环氧树脂、含氮类酚醛树脂、协同阻燃剂磷酸三苯酯和无机填充剂等制成无卤阻燃型环氧树脂组合物,并以此组合物制成的覆铜箔不仅具有无卤阻燃,还具有耐漏电起痕指数大于600V的特性。
上述专利中主要通过化学改性或者共混添加直接或者间接向树脂体系中引入了一定比例的氮元素或者磷元素,且辅以一定量的无机填充剂,实现了对其耐漏电起痕性的提高;且采用耐热型环氧树脂,以芳香型胺类为固化剂,达到了良好的热机械性能。
但是因为玻璃毡板上胶方式的特殊性,树脂体系中不可加入无机添加剂,但不加入无机添加剂且保证高耐漏电起痕性的技术文件鲜有报道,而且直接应用到玻璃毡层压板的实例更是少之又少。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法。通过选用耐热型双酚A环氧树脂对含氮杂环环氧树脂进行改性,以芳香型胺类为固化剂,制成改性含氮杂环环氧树脂,以其为树脂基体,经喷涂、烘焙、叠合和热压制成一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板。本发明所制得的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板具有优异的耐漏电起痕性和耐电弧性,同时又具有良好的常态/热态机械性能和加工性。
本发明所述的一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,包括如下步骤:以改性含氮杂环环氧树脂为树脂基体,无碱玻璃纤维毡为基材,经喷涂、烘焙、叠合和热压而成。
本发明所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其中,改性含氮杂环环氧树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料投入反应釜,升温至120~130℃,反应30~90min;所述原料为含氮杂环环氧树脂和耐热型双酚A环氧树脂;
(2)将步骤(1)的体系降温,然后加入芳香型胺类固化剂,在110~120℃下,反应30~90min;所述芳香型胺类固化剂为二氨基二苯甲砜和二氨基二苯甲烷中的一种或者两种;
(3)将步骤(2)的体系降温,然后加入稀释剂,将固体含量调为45~65%;加入固化促进剂,将树脂胶固化时间调成4~6min,其中测试温度为160±1℃,即得改性含氮杂环环氧树脂;所述稀释剂为溶剂型或者反应型的醇类、酮类、酰胺类或者醚类稀释剂。
上述步骤(1)中含氮杂环环氧树脂和耐热型双酚A环氧树脂的重量比为1~2:1。
上述步骤(1)中的含氮杂环环氧树脂为1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂和异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯中的一种或者两种,其优选为1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂和异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯,且二者的重量比为1:0~1。
上述步骤(2)中的芳香型胺类固化剂用量为步骤(1)中原料重量的20~30%。
上述步骤(3)中所述固化促进剂为三氟化硼单乙胺、卞胺、咪唑中的一种或者多种;固化促进剂的用量为步骤(1)中原料重量的1%~1.5%。
本发明所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其中,所述的无碱玻璃纤维毡为短切毡,每平米克重为300~600g。
本发明所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其中,所述喷涂过程采用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
本发明高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法与现有技术相比,其突出效果在于:
(1)本发明选用耐热性较好的耐热型双酚A环氧树脂对含氮杂环环氧树脂进行改性,在不添加无机添加剂的前提下保证良好耐漏电起痕特性(600V)和耐电弧性(180s)的同时,体现出优异的常/热态机械性能:常态下弯曲强度大于等于500MPa,155℃下弯曲强度大于等于300MPa,180℃下弯曲强度大于等于200MPa。
(2)良好的加工性和各向同性保证了在绝缘领域的支撑件和紧固件的应用。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法作进一步说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂150g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂150g,升温至120~130℃反应30min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲砜(DDS)75g,于110~120℃下反应60min;
(3)降温并依次加入丙二醇单甲醚95g和丙酮155g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为3g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为300g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为1#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例2
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂175g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂125g,升温至120~130℃反应45min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)80g,于110~120℃下反应60min;
(3)降温并依次加入丙二醇单甲醚95g和丙酮155g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为4g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为450g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为2#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例3
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂100g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂125g,并投入异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)75g,升温至120~130℃反应90min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲砜(DDS)85g,于110~120℃下反应60min;
(3)降温并依次加入二甲基甲酰胺150g和丙酮100g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液以及二甲基咪唑-二甲基甲酰胺溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为2g,二甲基咪唑的有效含量为1.5g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为300g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为3#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例4
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂100g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂150g,并投入异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)50g,升温至120~130℃反应60min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)80g,于110~120℃下反应90min;
(3)降温并依次加入二甲基甲酰胺120g和丙酮130g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-卞胺-甲醇溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为2g,卞胺的有效含量为1g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为450g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为4#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例5
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)175g和融化好的耐热性双酚A环氧树脂125g,升温至120~130℃反应75min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲砜(DDS)85g,于110~120℃下反应90min;
(3)降温并依次加入二甲基甲酰胺155g和丙酮95g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液以及二甲基咪唑-二甲基甲酰胺溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为3g,二甲基咪唑的有效含量为1g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为600g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为5#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例6
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂100g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂100g,并投入异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)100g,升温至120~130℃反应90min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲砜(DDS)90g,于110~120℃下反应70min;
(3)降温并依次加入二甲基甲酰胺155g和丙酮95g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为4.5g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为300g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为6#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
实施例7
按照以下步骤制备:
(1)向反应瓶中投入融化好的1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂150g和耐热性双酚A环氧树脂120g,并投入异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯(TGIC)30g,升温至120~130℃反应45min;
(2)降温并投入二氨基二苯甲砜(DDS)60g,于110~120℃下反应90min;
(3)降温并依次加入丙二醇单甲醚100g、二甲基甲酰胺60g和甲醇90g;加入三氟化硼单乙胺-甲醇溶液以及二甲基咪唑-二甲基甲酰胺溶液(三氟化硼单乙胺的有效含量为1.5g,二甲基咪唑的有效含量为2g),制成固体含量45~65%、树脂胶固化时间4~6min(测试温度为160±1℃)的含氮杂环环氧树脂,备用;
用该改性含氮杂环环氧树脂体系喷涂单位平米克重为450g的无碱玻璃纤维短切毡,经烘焙、叠合和热压制成板,该板编号为7#,性能测试结果见表1。其中,喷涂过程使用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
表1性能测试结果
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述,并非对本发明的范围进行限定,在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下,本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变形和改进,均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:以改性含氮杂环环氧树脂为树脂基体,无碱玻璃纤维毡为基材,经喷涂、烘焙、叠合和热压而成;
所述改性含氮杂环环氧树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将原料投入反应釜,升温至120~130℃,反应30~90min;所述原料为含氮杂环环氧树脂和耐热型双酚A环氧树脂;
(2)将步骤(1)的体系降温,然后加入芳香型胺类固化剂,在110~120℃下,反应30~90min;所述芳香型胺类固化剂为二氨基二苯甲砜和二氨基二苯甲烷中的一种或者两种;
(3)将步骤(2)的体系降温,然后加入稀释剂,将固体含量调为45~65%;加入固化促进剂,将树脂胶固化时间调成4~6min,其中测试温度为160±1℃,即得改性含氮杂环环氧树脂;所述稀释剂为溶剂型或者反应型的醇类、酮类、酰胺类或者醚类稀释剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中含氮杂环环氧树脂和耐热型双酚A环氧树脂的重量比为1~2:1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述含氮杂环环氧树脂为1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂和异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯中的一种或者两种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述含氮杂环环氧树脂为1,3-二缩水甘油海因环氧树脂和异三聚氰酸三缩水甘油酯,二者的重量比为1:0~1。
5.根据权利要求4所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中所述芳香型胺类固化剂用量为步骤(1)中原料重量的20~30%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述固化促进剂为三氟化硼单乙胺、卞胺、咪唑中的一种或者多种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的固化促进剂用量为步骤(1)中原料重量的1%~1.5%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的无碱玻璃纤维毡为短切毡,每平米克重为300~600g。
9.根据权利要求1所述的高耐漏电起痕玻璃毡层压板的制备方法,其特征在于:所述喷涂过程采用往复式喷枪进行来回喷涂。
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