CN106546091B - Bergamot fruit drying equipment and drying method thereof - Google Patents
Bergamot fruit drying equipment and drying method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106546091B CN106546091B CN201510978531.2A CN201510978531A CN106546091B CN 106546091 B CN106546091 B CN 106546091B CN 201510978531 A CN201510978531 A CN 201510978531A CN 106546091 B CN106546091 B CN 106546091B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
- A23N12/083—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting with stirring, vibrating or grinding devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bergamot fruit product drying device and a drying method thereof, wherein the bergamot fruit drying device comprises a heat supply system and a drying production line, and is characterized in that the heat supply system takes solar energy as a main heat source, comprises an air-heat oil composite flat-plate solar heat collector and a heat-heat oil energy storage and heat supply device, is assisted by an air source heat pump, and realizes waste heat recycling; the drying production line is provided with a tunnel dryer and a PLC control cabinet; according to the bergamot fruit drying method, a heat supply system provides temperature-stable dry hot air, products of different types of bergamot fruits are dried in a segmented mode through hot air in a drying area with a temperature gradient difference, vibration overturning and atomization are achieved in an atomization area to be uniform, the whole drying process is intelligent and automatic through a PLC (programmable logic controller) full-automatic control system, the energy-saving and efficient beneficial effects are achieved, meanwhile, the sanitary quality of the bergamot fruits is fully guaranteed, and the product quality is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preserved fruit drying, and particularly relates to a full-automatic energy-saving drying technology for bergamot fruit series products.
Background
The fructus Citri Sarcodactylis also known as fructus Citri Sarcodactylis, and is a evergreen small arbor of Rutaceae. It is produced mainly in Minyue, Chuan and Jiangzhe provinces in China. The product has pungent, bitter, sour and warm taste, contains various traditional Chinese medicine components such as limonin, diosmin, hesperidin, flavonoid glycoside and active polysaccharide, and has the effects of strengthening spleen and stomach, relaxing muscles and tendons, promoting blood circulation, regulating qi and reducing phlegm; the bergamot fruit is rich in nutrition, the protein (1.2%) is 1.5 times of that of cucumber, the vitamin C (9.45 mg/100 g) is obviously higher than that of cucumber, and the bergamot fruit has the advantages of low calorie, low sodium and high potassium, and is special bergamot oil and particularly a famous and precious spice.
The Guangdong style preserved fruit industry from Tang and Song is a traditional food with local characteristics in China. Since Ming dynasty, Chaoshan countrymen understand that the bergamot fruit is added with a plurality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and processed into a medicated food homologous preserved fruit product, the product has the advantages of bright and black color and soft state like paste, has the effects of removing food retention, dispelling wind, stimulating appetite, regulating qi, reducing phlegm, promoting the production of body fluid and the like, and can treat diseases such as stomachache, abdominal distension, vomiting, excessive phlegm and cough and the like; in addition, fresh bergamot fruits are sliced and dried to be used as excellent medicinal materials.
In the production process of preserved fruits, drying is an important process, and aims to remove water in semi-finished products after curing so as to facilitate further deep processing, transportation, storage and use. At present, most production producers still use the traditional open-air natural drying method when the fingered citron preserved fruits are dried, although the method is more convenient to use and has no energy consumption, the method has no facilities for preventing rats, flies, insects, foreign matters and the like, the products are easily polluted, the occupied land is large, the labor intensity of workers is high, and the like. In addition, the open air drying method is generally small in scale and low in efficiency, and the industry is difficult to be greatly improved. At present, some manufacturers use a drying method to dry agricultural and sideline products such as preserved fruits, wherein steam or electric energy is used as a heat source to dry in a sealed space, but the method consumes a large amount of energy, has high operation cost, can generate a large amount of combustion emissions, and is not in accordance with the modern green production concept. The solar air heat collector has high air heating efficiency, but has the defects of small capacity, poor heat insulation performance, incapability of producing in rainy days and at night, and high labor intensity of workers; the water tank is used for supplying heat at night in a solar energy storage mode, but the heat conversion efficiency is low, and the hot air drying temperature is not ideal.
In the mode of utilizing solar energy to generate hot air, the air heat collector has high heat efficiency and high heating speed, so the application is wide, but the solar energy irradiation has intermittence, even in the sunny day, the solar energy irradiation changes in one day, sometimes, even if clouds cover the day, the temperature of the hot air is reduced, and the mode is suitable for the general fruit-cooling drying with wider hot air temperature range and no specific requirement on drying time. The liquid heat collector generally uses water as a heating medium, the temperature of hot air is relatively stable, but the heat conversion efficiency is low, and the hot air drying temperature is not ideal. The heat conducting oil has the advantages of uniform heating, accurate temperature adjustment and control, capability of quickly generating high temperature under low pressure, good heat transfer effect and capability of being used as a good energy storage and heat dissipation medium.
The bergamot fruit has high heat sensitivity due to the medicinal components and rich nutrient substances, and has high requirement on the hot air temperature stability in industrial continuous production, and the special aromatic smell of the bergamot fruit is reserved as much as possible in the hot air drying process. The drying specification of the fingered citron comprises four types of pickled whole melons, strips, blocks and fresh fruit sheets, the types, sizes, heating areas and final moisture contents of the fingered citron fruits are different, and the drying conditions are different for loading capacity, temperature, humidity, wind speed and conveying belt speed, for example, whole melons treated by pinholes need to be slowly dried by hot air at a slightly lower temperature, and the blocks need to be quickly dried at a higher temperature; the whole melon and the flaky melon do not need atomization treatment, but the strip-shaped melon and the block-shaped melon need glycerin atomization for moisturizing; in addition, the rear section in the sealed tunnel is dried, and the hot air humidity is not too dry, so that the quality of the fingered citron preserved fruit is not damaged.
In order to solve the technical problems in the process of drying the bergamot fruits, the prior art and equipment need to be improved, a PLC full-automatic control system is researched, hot air with stable temperature is provided, the requirement for high-quality drying equipment and method of the bergamot fruits with various specifications is met, energy is saved, efficiency is high, and sanitary, safe and automatic production is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a bergamot fruit drying device, which comprises a heat supply system and a drying production line, and is characterized in that the heat supply system takes solar energy as a main heat source, comprises an air-heat oil-conducting composite flat-plate solar heat collector and a heat-conducting oil energy storage and heat supply device, is assisted by an air energy heat pump, and realizes waste heat recycling; the air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector is of a sealing structure, air grooves are connected at air inlets and air outlets at two ends of the device, air can be directly heated to generate dry hot air, a heat conducting oil pipe is arranged in the composite flat-plate solar collector, and surplus solar heating heat conducting oil is used for storing energy in the production process; the heat conduction oil energy storage and heat supply device comprises a heat conduction oil storage tank, a temperature detector, a heat exchanger, an oil pipe, an oil pump and an electromagnetic valve; the outer body of the heat conducting oil storage tank is a phenolic foam heat insulation layer, the storage tank is internally partitioned by layered partition plates, each layer of the storage tank is provided with a temperature detector, heat conducting oil heating and heat supply pipelines are independent and are respectively controlled by solenoid valves of the respective pipelines, the heat exchanger is positioned at an air outlet of the solar heat collector, two ends of the heat exchanger are connected with air grooves, when the temperature of hot air produced by the solar heat collector is insufficient in the daytime, a temperature system immediately starts the heat conducting oil heating function, the solenoid valve corresponding to the layered storage tank with the highest temperature is opened, an oil pump is started, the heat conducting oil heats the air through the heat exchanger to reach the temperature required for drying, and when the temperature of the layered heat conducting oil is reduced to the set temperature and the heat supply cannot be continued, the layered heat conducting oil of the storage tank with the highest temperature is started to supply heat; when the solar energy is surplus and the temperature of hot air generated by the solar heat collector exceeds the required drying temperature, the temperature system immediately starts the heat conduction oil energy storage function, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the layered storage tank with the lowest temperature is opened, the oil pump is started, the heat conduction oil absorbs heat and stores energy through the heat conduction oil pipe in the solar heat collector, meanwhile, the temperature of the hot air is reduced to meet the drying requirement, when the layered heat conduction oil is heated to the set temperature, the layered heat conduction oil of the storage tank with the lowest temperature is started to continuously store energy, and the electromagnetic valve, the oil pump and the temperature sensor are connected with the PLC control cabinet through leads; the waste heat is recycled, semi-open hot air circulation is adopted, a humidity sensor at an air outlet of the drying tunnel detects waste heat air, when the humidity reaches a set limit value, a valve of a moisture discharging air channel is automatically opened, an air blower is started to discharge moisture air outwards, and meanwhile, an air inlet channel air quantity regulating valve is opened to blow air and heat; if the humidity is lower than the set limit value, the valve of the moisture-removing air channel is closed, the air blower is pumped to the heat supply system again for heating and then enters the drying tunnel again for drying the materials, so that the hot air is recycled, and the air channel valve, the air volume regulating valve and the air blower are connected with the PLC control cabinet through leads; the heating system is characterized in that in sunny days, air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar heat collector and a heat conducting oil energy storage heating device provide hot air with stable temperature, the hot air is conveyed to a drying production line to dry bergamot fruits, and an air source heat pump is started in rainy days or at night; the drying production line is provided with a tunnel dryer and a PLC control cabinet; the tunnel dryer is divided into a drying area and an atomizing area, wherein the drying area comprises a sealed tunnel, a conveying belt, a motor, a conveying speed adjusting device, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and a support; the drying area is designed by multiple sections of drying temperatures, each section of drying tunnel is provided with an independent heat supply system and a vertical air inlet capable of allowing hot air with different temperatures to enter, and the inlet air temperature closer to the feed port is higher, and the inlet air temperature closer to the discharge port is lower, so that a certain drying temperature gradient is formed; each section of drying tunnel is also provided with an air outlet which is arranged at the upstream of the air inlet side by side, so that the bergamot fruits are heated and dried against hot air; a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a wind speed sensor are arranged in each section of drying tunnel and are connected with a PLC control cabinet through leads; the PLC control cabinet integrates a PLC full-automatic control system, visually displays the change of each monitoring parameter in the drying process on a computer touch screen, and performs operation control through the touch screen, so that the intellectualization and automation of the drying process are realized.
Furthermore, the PLC full-automatic control system comprises a temperature system, a humidity system and a wind speed system which are three monitoring subsystems on a logic level, and a whole-melon drying system, a sheet drying system, a strip drying system and a block drying system which are developed according to the drying characteristics of the bergamot fruits with different specifications.
Further, the atomization zone comprises a vibrating conveyor, an atomizer, a partition plate, an electric eye and a transition bridge plate; the atomizing area is positioned at the rear section of the drying tunnel machine, the atomizing area and the drying area are separated by the partition plate, a trough of the vibrating conveyor inclines at 15 ℃, the trough is sealed in the tunnel, an electric eye is arranged at a feeding position of the trough and senses whether materials pass through, and when the materials pass through, the atomizer is started; the transition bridge plate is connected with the drying area and the atomizing area to ensure that the fingered citron fruits pass through smoothly; the electric eye and the atomizer are connected with the PLC control cabinet through wires.
The invention also provides a bergamot fruit drying method, the drying equipment is adopted, the drying subsystem corresponding to the PLC full-automatic control system is started according to the specification of the bergamot fruits, the heat supply system provides temperature-stable drying hot air and recovers and utilizes waste heat, the bergamot fruits are dried in a drying area with temperature gradient against the hot air in a subsection manner, and vibration overturning and uniform atomization are realized in an atomization area according to the requirement of varieties; the drying step comprises:
step 1, placing finger citron fruits of different specifications on a tunnel dryer conveyor belt according to corresponding loading capacity;
step 2, starting a corresponding drying subsystem through a PLC control cabinet;
and 7, performing final drying on the bergamot fruits in a drying area against hot air to obtain finished products.
Furthermore, in the drying subsystem in the step 2, the control points of the drying subsystem comprise temperature, humidity, wind speed and whether atomization is carried out, and the control point parameters of each drying subsystem are different; when the system runs, the control information in the PLC full-automatic control system is transmitted to each drying subsystem on the drying equipment, the suitability control of each process condition in the drying process is realized through each drying subsystem, and each sub-monitoring system also feeds the process monitoring information back to the PLC full-automatic control main system at any time, so that the good connection among the drying subsystems can be coordinated.
Further, according to the specification of the bergamot fruits in the step 6, an atomizer is used for spraying the strip-shaped and block-shaped bergamot fruits for 2-3 seconds every 10-20 seconds, and the atomized substances are glycerin and water which are mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1-10; the atomizer is closed for the flake and whole melon specifications.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector, the heat conducting oil energy storage heating device and the air energy heat pump of the heating system are used in combination, so that all-weather energy-saving and efficient drying treatment on the bergamot fruits is realized;
2. the traditional preserved fruit sun-drying processing process is transferred to indoor tunnel type sealing production, so that the sanitary quality of the bergamot fruits is fully guaranteed, and meanwhile, the environmental and weather obstacles are overcome, and continuous production is achieved;
3. the heat conduction oil storage tank is designed in a layered mode, so that the heat conduction oil can be rapidly heated and heat can be supplied;
4. the heating system generates hot air with stable temperature, so that the problem that the product quality is influenced due to too high temperature when the temperature is low and cannot reach the drying effect is avoided;
5. the waste heat wind is recycled, so that the energy is saved, the flavor loss in the process of drying the bergamot fruits is reduced to the maximum extent, and the product quality is ensured;
6. the drying tunnel atomization area is provided with a vibrating conveyor and an atomization device, so that the bergamot fruits are vibrated, turned over and completely atomized, and the product quality is improved;
7. according to the drying characteristics of various specifications of the bergamot fruits, a PLC full-automatic control system is developed and integrated in a PLC control cabinet, so that the efficient automatic operation of the bergamot fruit drying process is realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a main schematic view of a bergamot fruit drying apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a thermal oil-conducting energy-storing and heat-supplying device of bergamot fruit drying equipment according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for drying bergamot fruits according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
In the above figures: 1. a solar energy-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector; 2. a heat conducting oil storage tank; 3. an oil pipe; 4. a layered partition plate; 5. an electromagnetic valve; 6. an oil pump; 7. an air duct valve; 8. a blower; 9. an air volume adjusting valve 10 and a temperature detector; 11. an air inlet duct; 12. a moisture removal air duct; 13. a heat exchanger; 14. an air source heat pump; 15. sealing the tunnel; 16. a conveyor belt; 17. a motor; 18. a conveying speed adjusting device; 19. a wind deflector; 20. a temperature sensor; 21. a wind speed sensor; 22. a humidity sensor; 23. a support; 24. a vibrating conveyor; 25. a trough; 26. an atomizer; 27. an electric eye; 28. a partition plate; 29. a transition bridge plate; 30. a PLC control cabinet; 31. a touch screen.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection content of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a bergamot fruit drying apparatus, which comprises a heat supply system and a drying production line, and is characterized in that the heat supply system uses solar energy as a main heat source, comprises an air-heat oil-conducting composite flat-plate solar heat collector 1 and an oil-conducting energy-storing heat supply device, is assisted by an air energy heat pump, and realizes waste heat recycling. The air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector 1 is of a sealing structure, air inlets and air outlets are formed in two ends of the air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector and are connected with air grooves, air can be directly heated to generate dry hot air, an oil pipe 3 is arranged in the composite flat-plate solar collector 1 and is connected with a heat conducting oil storage tank 2, and surplus solar heating heat conducting oil is used for storing energy in the production process. The heat conduction oil heat storage device comprises a heat conduction oil storage tank 2, a temperature detector 10, a heat exchanger 13, an oil pipe 3, an oil pump 6 and an electromagnetic valve 5; the heat conducting oil storage tank 2 is characterized in that the outer body of the tank is a phenolic foam heat insulation layer, 3 independent layered storage tanks are partitioned by layered partition plates 4 in the storage tank, each layered storage tank is provided with a temperature sensor 10, the heat conducting oil heating and heat supplying pipelines are independent and are respectively controlled by branch pipeline electromagnetic valves 5, the heat exchanger 13 is positioned at the air outlet of the solar heat collector 1, the two ends of the heat exchanger are connected with air grooves, when the temperature of hot air generated by the solar heat collector 1 is insufficient in daytime, the temperature system immediately starts the heat conducting oil heat supply function, the electromagnetic valves corresponding to the layered storage tanks with the highest temperature are opened, for example, the electromagnetic valves 5 (05) and 5 (08) are opened, at the same time, the oil pump 6 and the electromagnetic valve 5 (02) are started, the electromagnetic valve 5 (01) is closed, the heat conducting oil heats the air to reach the temperature required by drying through the heat exchanger 13, when the temperature of the heat conducting oil is reduced to the set temperature and heat supply cannot be continued, starting the heat conducting oil of the other two layered storage tanks with the highest temperature for heat supply; when the solar energy is surplus and the temperature of hot air generated by the solar heat collector 1 exceeds the required drying temperature, the temperature system immediately starts the heat conduction oil energy storage function, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the layered storage tank with the lowest temperature is opened, such as the electromagnetic valves 5 (04) and 5 (07) are opened, the oil pump 6 and the electromagnetic valve 5 (01) are started at the same time, the electromagnetic valve 5 (02) is closed, the heat conduction oil absorbs heat through the oil pipe 3 in the solar heat collector 1 to store energy, the temperature of the hot air is reduced to meet the drying requirement, when the temperature of the layered heat conduction oil reaches a set value, the heating is stopped, and the layered heat conduction oil of the other two storage tanks with the lowest temperature is started to continuously store energy; the electromagnetic valve 5, the oil pump 6 and the temperature detector 10 are connected with a PLC control cabinet through leads. The waste heat utilization is semi-open type hot air circulation, the humidity sensor 22 at the air outlet of the drying tunnel detects waste heat air, when the humidity reaches a set limit value, the air duct valve 7 (01) of the moisture exhaust air duct 12 is automatically opened, the air duct valve 7 (02) is closed, the air blower 8 (01) is started to exhaust moisture air outwards, and meanwhile, the air inlet duct 11, the air quantity regulating valve 9 and the air blower 8 (02) are opened to blow air and heat air; if the humidity is lower than the set limit value, the air duct valve 7 (01) is closed, the valve 7 (02), the air volume adjusting valve 9, the blower 8 (01), the blower 8 (02) are opened, the air volume adjusting valve is pumped to the heating system again to be heated, and then the air volume adjusting valve enters the sealed tunnel 15 again to dry the materials, so that the hot air is recycled; the air duct valve 7, the air volume adjusting valve 9 and the blower 8 are connected with the PLC control cabinet 30 through wires. The heat supply system provides hot air with stable temperature by the air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector 1 and the heat conducting oil energy storage and heat supply device in sunny days, the hot air is conveyed to a drying production line to dry the bergamot fruits, and the air source heat pump 14 is started in rainy days or at night; the drying production line is provided with a tunnel dryer and a PLC control cabinet 30; the tunnel dryer is divided into a drying area and an atomizing area, wherein the drying area comprises a sealed tunnel 15, a conveying belt 16, a motor 17, a conveying speed adjusting device 18, a temperature sensor 20, a humidity sensor 22, an air speed sensor 21 and a support 23; the drying region is the design of multistage drying temperature, and sealed tunnel 15 divide into 9 sections dry tunnels, has 7 sections before the atomizing region, has 2 sections after the atomizing region, and every section dry tunnel possess a whole set of independent heating system as shown in figure 1, and every section dry tunnel is provided with the hot-blast perpendicular air intake of different temperatures that can get into, and the air inlet temperature that is close to the feed inlet more high more, and the air inlet temperature that is close to the discharge gate more low more, forms certain drying temperature gradient. An air outlet is also formed in each section of the tunnel and is arranged at the upstream of the air inlet side by side, so that the bergamot fruits are heated and dried against hot air; and a temperature sensor 20, a humidity sensor 22 and an air speed sensor 21 are arranged in each section of drying tunnel and are connected with a PLC control cabinet 30 through leads. The PLC control cabinet 30 integrates a PLC full-automatic control system, visually displays the change of each monitoring parameter in the drying process on a computer touch screen 31, and performs operation control through the touch screen 31, so that the intellectualization and automation of the drying process are realized.
Furthermore, the PLC full-automatic control system comprises three monitoring subsystems, namely a temperature system, a humidity system and a wind speed system, and four drying subsystems, namely a whole melon drying system, a sheet drying system, a strip drying system and a block drying system, which are divided according to the specifications of the bergamot fruits on a logic level;
further, the atomization zone comprises a vibrating conveyor 24, an atomizer 26, a partition 28, an electric eye 27 and a transition bridge plate 29; the atomizing area is positioned at the rear section of the drying tunnel machine, the atomizing area and the drying area are separated by the partition plate 28, the trough 25 of the vibrating conveyor 24 is inclined at 15 ℃ and sealed in the tunnel, an electric eye 27 is arranged at the feeding position of the trough to sense whether materials pass through, and when the materials pass through, the atomizer 26 is started; the transition bridge plate 29 is connected with the drying area and the atomizing area to ensure that the fingered citron fruits pass through smoothly; the atomizer 26 and the electric eye 27 are connected with a PLC control cabinet 30 through wires.
The second embodiment of the invention also provides a bergamot fruit drying method, the drying equipment is adopted, the drying subsystem corresponding to the PLC full-automatic control system is started according to the specification of the bergamot fruits, the heating system provides drying hot air with stable temperature and recycles waste heat, the bergamot fruits are dried in a sectional manner by the reverse hot air in the drying production line with temperature gradient difference, and the bergamot fruits are vibrated, turned over and uniformly atomized in the atomization area of the drying tunnel according to the requirement of varieties; the drying step comprises:
step 1, placing finger citron fruits of different specifications on a tunnel dryer conveyor belt according to corresponding loading capacity;
step 2, starting a corresponding drying subsystem through a PLC control cabinet;
and 7, performing final drying on the bergamot fruits in a drying area against hot air to obtain finished products.
Furthermore, in the drying subsystem in the step 2, the control points of the drying subsystem comprise temperature, humidity, wind speed and whether atomization is carried out, and the control point parameters of each drying subsystem are different; when the system runs, the control information in the PLC full-automatic control system is transmitted to each drying subsystem on the drying equipment, the suitability control of each process condition in the drying process is realized through each drying subsystem, and each monitoring subsystem also feeds the process monitoring information back to the process full-automatic control total system at any time, so that the good connection among the drying subsystems can be coordinated. The parameters of the drying process of the fingered citron fruit with various specifications are shown in the following table.
Note that: the unit of the loading capacity is the weight of the bergamot fruits loaded on each square of the conveyer belt.
In the aspect of temperature control in the drying process, a temperature system detects the temperature of hot air through a temperature sensor 20 in a sealed tunnel 15 and feeds information back to a PLC (programmable logic controller) full-automatic control total system, and when the temperature of the hot air is lower than the required drying temperature, the system preferentially starts supplementary heat supply according to the sequence of a solar heat collector 1, a heat-conducting oil energy-storing heat supply device and an air-energy heat pump; when the hot air temperature is higher than the required drying temperature, the system preferentially stops heat supply according to the sequence of the air energy heat pump 14 and the heat conduction oil energy storage and heat supply device, and starts the energy storage function of the heat conduction oil energy storage and heat supply device, and the heat conduction oil absorbs part of heat of the solar heat collector 1 to reduce the temperature of the hot air generated by the solar heat collector.
In the aspect of humidity control in the drying process, a humidity system detects the humidity of waste heat air through a humidity sensor 22 in a sealed tunnel 15 and feeds information back to a full-automatic control system, when the humidity exceeds the standard, the system opens an air duct valve 7 (01) of a moisture exhaust air duct 12, closes the valve 7 (02), and exhausts the waste heat air; when the humidity is not over the standard, the air duct valve 7 (01) is closed, the valve 7 (02) is started, and the waste heat air enters the heating system for reheating and recycling;
in the aspect of controlling the air speed in the drying process, an air speed system detects the speed of hot air through an air speed sensor 21 in a sealed tunnel 15 and feeds information back to a PLC (programmable logic controller) full-automatic control system, and the system controls the air quantity of the inlet air through adjusting an air quantity adjusting valve 9 of an air inlet duct 11 to achieve the required hot air speed.
Further, step 6, when the fingered citron fruits with the specification, the strip-shaped and block-shaped fingered citron fruits pass through a material groove of the vibration conveyor, an electric eye senses that materials pass through, an atomizer is started, and spraying is carried out for 2 seconds every 12 seconds; the atomization substance is glycerol and water, the mixing ratio is 1:4, the flake and whole melon specifications do not need to be atomized, and the electric eye is stopped.
From the above description of the embodiments, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented by other structures, and the features of the present invention are not limited to the above preferred embodiments. Any changes or modifications that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art are also intended to be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A bergamot fruit drying device comprises a heat supply system and a drying production line, and is characterized in that the heat supply system takes solar energy as a main heat source, comprises an air-heat oil-conducting composite flat-plate solar heat collector and a heat-oil-conducting energy-storing heat supply device, is assisted by an air energy heat pump, and realizes waste heat recycling; the air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar collector is of a sealing structure, air grooves are connected at air inlets and air outlets at two ends of the device, air can be directly heated to generate dry hot air, a heat conducting oil pipe is arranged in the composite flat-plate solar collector, and surplus solar heating heat conducting oil is used for storing energy in the production process; the heat conduction oil energy storage and heat supply device comprises a heat conduction oil storage tank, a temperature detector, a heat exchanger, an oil pipe, an oil pump and an electromagnetic valve; the outer body of the heat conducting oil storage tank is a phenolic foam heat insulation layer, the storage tank is internally partitioned by layered partition plates, each layer of the storage tank is provided with a temperature detector, heat conducting oil heating and heat supply pipelines are independent and are respectively controlled by solenoid valves of the respective pipelines, the heat exchanger is positioned at an air outlet of the solar heat collector, two ends of the heat exchanger are connected with air grooves, when the temperature of hot air produced by the solar heat collector is insufficient in the daytime, a temperature system immediately starts the heat conducting oil heating function, the solenoid valve corresponding to the layered storage tank with the highest temperature is opened, an oil pump is started, the heat conducting oil heats the air through the heat exchanger to reach the temperature required for drying, and when the temperature of the layered heat conducting oil is reduced to the set temperature and the heat supply cannot be continued, the layered heat conducting oil of the storage tank with the highest temperature is started to supply heat; when the solar energy is surplus and the temperature of hot air generated by the solar heat collector exceeds the required drying temperature, the temperature system immediately starts the heat conduction oil energy storage function, the electromagnetic valve corresponding to the layered storage tank with the lowest temperature is opened, the oil pump is started, the heat conduction oil absorbs heat and stores energy through the heat conduction oil pipe in the solar heat collector, meanwhile, the temperature of the hot air is reduced to meet the drying requirement, when the layered heat conduction oil is heated to the set temperature, the layered heat conduction oil of the storage tank with the lowest temperature is started to continuously store energy, and the electromagnetic valve, the oil pump and the temperature sensor are connected with the PLC control cabinet through leads; the waste heat is recycled, semi-open hot air circulation is adopted, a humidity sensor at an air outlet of the drying tunnel detects waste heat air, when the humidity reaches a set limit value, a valve of a moisture discharging air channel is automatically opened, an air blower is started to discharge moisture air outwards, and meanwhile, an air inlet channel air quantity regulating valve is opened to blow air and heat; if the humidity is lower than the set limit value, the valve of the moisture-removing air channel is closed, the air blower is pumped to the heat supply system again for heating and then enters the drying tunnel again for drying the materials, so that the hot air is recycled, and the air channel valve, the air volume regulating valve and the air blower are connected with the PLC control cabinet through leads; the heating system is characterized in that in sunny days, air-heat conducting oil composite flat-plate solar heat collector and a heat conducting oil energy storage heating device provide hot air with stable temperature, the hot air is conveyed to a drying production line to dry bergamot fruits, and an air source heat pump is started in rainy days or at night; the drying production line is provided with a tunnel dryer and a PLC control cabinet; the tunnel dryer is divided into a drying area and an atomizing area, wherein the drying area comprises a sealed tunnel, a conveying belt, a motor, a conveying speed adjusting device, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor and a support; the drying area is designed by multiple sections of drying temperatures, each section of drying tunnel is provided with an independent heat supply system and a vertical air inlet capable of allowing hot air with different temperatures to enter, and the inlet air temperature closer to the feed port is higher, and the inlet air temperature closer to the discharge port is lower, so that a certain drying temperature gradient is formed; each section of drying tunnel is also provided with an air outlet which is arranged at the upstream of the air inlet side by side, so that the bergamot fruits are heated and dried against hot air; a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a wind speed sensor are arranged in each section of drying tunnel and are connected with a PLC control cabinet through leads; the PLC control cabinet integrates a PLC full-automatic control system, the change of each monitoring parameter in the drying process is visually displayed on a computer touch screen, and operation control is carried out through the touch screen, so that the intellectualization and automation of the drying process are realized; the PLC full-automatic control system comprises three monitoring subsystems, namely a temperature system, a humidity system and a wind speed system, and four drying subsystems, namely a whole-melon drying system, a sheet drying system, a strip drying system and a block drying system, which are developed according to the drying characteristics of the bergamot fruits with different specifications on a logic level; the atomization zone comprises a vibrating conveyor, an atomizer, a partition plate, an electric eye and a transition bridge plate; the atomizing area is positioned at the rear section of the drying tunnel machine, the atomizing area and the drying area are separated by the partition plate, a trough of the vibrating conveyor inclines at 15 ℃, the trough is sealed in the tunnel, an electric eye is arranged at a feeding position of the trough and senses whether materials pass through, and when the materials pass through, the atomizer is started; the transition bridge plate is connected with the drying area and the atomizing area to ensure that the fingered citron fruits pass through smoothly.
2. A bergamot fruit drying method is characterized in that the drying equipment in claim 1 is adopted, a drying subsystem corresponding to a PLC full-automatic control system is started according to bergamot fruit specifications, a heat supply system provides temperature-stable drying hot air, waste heat is recycled, bergamot fruits are dried in a drying area with a temperature gradient against the hot air in a sectional manner, and vibration overturning and uniform atomization are realized in an atomization area according to the needs of varieties; the drying step comprises:
step 1, placing finger citron fruits of different specifications on a tunnel dryer conveyor belt according to corresponding loading capacity;
step 2, starting a corresponding drying subsystem through a PLC control cabinet;
step 3, starting a heat supply system, starting to heat air, and conveying the air to a sealed tunnel;
step 4, when the hot air in the sealed tunnel reaches the temperature required by drying, the conveyer belt starts to operate and the conveying speed is adjusted to the required conveying speed;
step 5, drying the bergamot fruits in a drying area by hot air;
step 6, vibrating and turning the bergamot fruits in an atomization area and completely atomizing the bergamot fruits;
and 7, performing final drying on the bergamot fruits in a drying area against hot air to obtain finished products.
3. The method for drying bergamot fruits according to claim 2, wherein the control points of the drying subsystems in the step 2 comprise temperature, humidity, wind speed and whether atomization is performed, and the control point parameters of the drying subsystems are different; when the system runs, the control information in the PLC full-automatic control system is transmitted to each drying subsystem on the drying equipment, the suitability control of each process condition in the drying process is realized through each drying subsystem, and each sub-monitoring system also feeds the process monitoring information back to the PLC full-automatic control main system at any time, so that the good connection among the drying subsystems can be coordinated.
4. The method for drying the bergamot fruits according to claim 2, wherein in the step 6, an atomizer is used for the strip-shaped and block-shaped bergamot fruits, and the spraying is carried out for 2-3 seconds every 10-20 seconds; the atomization substance is glycerol and water, the mixing ratio is 1: 1-10, and the atomizer is closed when the flake melon and the whole melon are in specifications.
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| CN112754039A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-05-07 | 谢文金 | Hot air tunnel circulation fruit and vegetable dryer and method |
| CN108497526B (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2023-09-19 | 江南大学 | Normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables |
| CN110663969A (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2020-01-10 | 山东天力能源股份有限公司 | Drying device and drying method |
| CN111006488B (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2021-05-14 | 宿州市创新生态农业科技有限公司 | Instant black corn air drying device and air drying method |
| CN113419583A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-09-21 | 广东南兴天虹果仁制品有限公司 | Nut redrying machine and method |
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