CN102062525B - Negative-pressure microwave uniform spraying and drying device and application - Google Patents
Negative-pressure microwave uniform spraying and drying device and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN102062525B CN102062525B CN2010105728430A CN201010572843A CN102062525B CN 102062525 B CN102062525 B CN 102062525B CN 2010105728430 A CN2010105728430 A CN 2010105728430A CN 201010572843 A CN201010572843 A CN 201010572843A CN 102062525 B CN102062525 B CN 102062525B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a negative-pressure microwave uniform spraying and drying device and application, belonging to the technical field of uniform drying devices. The negative-pressure microwave uniform spraying and drying device comprises a circulating material storage device, a feeder, a negative-pressure spraying pipe, a microwave heating cavity, a cyclone separator, a vacuum storage tank, a discharger, a water ring vacuum pump, a circulating pipe and microwave sources. The circulating material storage device is used for storing materials dried circularly, the feeder is used for feeding dry materials to the negative-pressure spraying pipe which is a channel for drying and circulating the materials, and the microwave sources are uniformly distributed inside the microwave heating cavity, two ends of which are sealed. The cyclone separator is connected with an outlet of the negative-pressure spraying pipe inside the microwave heating cavity and is connected with the vacuum storage tank and the discharger through a channel. The discharger is connected with the circulating material storage device through the circulating pipe. Because the materials can be sprayed under negative pressure, the device can be used for spraying, rotating and circulating the materials under a microwave vacuum drying condition so as to achieve the purpose of drying the materials efficiently and uniformly, meanwhile, is favorable for shortening the drying time by above 40% and reducing the cost of large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of material even dry method and device under the microwave subsidiary conditions, be applicable to that industry granule materials negative pressure microwave homogenising sprays such as food, chemical industry, agricultural are moving dry.Belong to even drying device technical field.
Background technology
Current conventional material particularly fruits and vegetables ' dehydration process technology and equipment (mainly being normal pressure heated-air drying and freeze-drying) is ripe relatively.Utilizing microwave to assist freeze-drying, hot blast process technology and equipment is an important directions that promotes traditional fruits and vegetables ' dehydration processing industry.The general thinking of material highly effective drying research at present mainly concentrates on heating thermal source such as the inside of adopting microwave, far infrared, high frequency and carries out combined drying, realizes the shortening of heated-air drying or freeze-drying process, reaches efficient, purpose of energy saving.But there is the heating non-uniform phenomenon (cold and hot some phenomenon) of highly significant in efficient, the most significant microwave drying of power conservation feature; Thereby cause its drying quality obviously descend (overheated coking with cross cold not dried); The finished product uniformity is merely 50%-60%, and the cost of handling once more significantly improves.Simultaneously, there are three a big outstanding difficult problem and demands in the outlet of China dehydration processing of farm products industry: (1) agricultural product drying exists that energy consumption is big, drying time a difficult problem such as length, cost height, the highly effective drying technology is had tight demand.Traditional heated air drying fruit and vegetable food organoleptic quality is poor, reconstitution rate is low; Though conventional freeze-dry process technology and equipment can keep the sense organ and the nutritional quality of dehydrated vegetables product to greatest extent, long processing time, production cost height, and the high defective of both energy consumptions, this has become the bottleneck of restriction agricultural product dewatering industry development.(2) the agricultural product highly effective drying exists that lack of homogeneity, yield rate are low, the product integrated quality becomes difficult problems such as bad aggravation, and efficient evenly dry technology is had tight demand.Single microwave drying; Because the inhomogeneity of its heating and the weak penetrability of microwave; Characteristics such as the wedge angle centrality of the selectivity of heating using microwave and microwave; The heat energy that makes different heating object each several parts produce possibly produce bigger difference, thereby it is restricted on suitability for industrialized production is used.(3) the comprehensive competitive advantage of outlet heated-air drying and freeze-drying prods is in decline, the international market to high-quality, export heated-air drying cheaply and the freeze-drying vegetables and fruits have tight demand.And the present invention realizes even, fast dewatering under the highly effective drying primary drying finished product uniformity being reached more than 98% through the moving flow field of the spray under the negative pressure, realizes real quick, low-cost even dry.
Zhang Min, SUN Jin-cai, Zhongqi Feng, Yan Weiqiang, etc. (Patent Application No. 200810244418.1) discloses a microwave drying fruits and vegetables to improve the uniformity of granular spout helper method, using two types of flow field spouted microwave drying, water content in the final product 6 % or less.Zhang Min, SUN Jin-cai, Yan Weiqiang, etc. (Patent Application No. 200910213559.1) also discloses a method for improving microwave spouted drying fruits and vegetables evenly puffed effect granular segmentation method.Adopt different intakes at different drying stages, it is moving predrying promptly to be initially the hot blast spray, and the method that following adopted air-flow and microwave combine is dry.Through controlling the motion conditions of dry fruit-vegetable granules in airflow field and Microwave Hybrid field, to reach the expansion effect that improves the granular garden stuff particle.But the difference of this patent is under condition of negative pressure, to realize moving, the rotation, mobile of spray of material; Through adjustment vacuum, the moving effect of speed of exhaust adjustment material spray; Realize the drying of material under the different temperatures simultaneously; Dry run is accomplished continuously, in addition under negative pressure state in the material water evaporates speed be higher than atmospheric pressure state, it is moving dry that materials quality is higher than normal pressure spray.
(number of patent applications 200810224613.8) such as Shao person of outstanding talent, Su Xiaohui, Zhao Xu discloses a kind of flue gas semi-closure road circulation brown coal straight pipe type airflow drying method.It is through the brown coal generation flue gas that directly burns, and this flue gas is sent the wet-milling coal into the fluidized drying of straight tube air feed as carrier, and primary drying reaches product predetermined moisture branch, discharges from outlet and obtains dried coal dust.But the required thermal source of dry materials that is not all of this patent is a microwave energy, and the efficiency of heating surface is high, dry materials is even; Material adopts pipe negative pressure to carry, and does not need the malleation overheated gas to carry, and does not have energy waste; Adopt the cyclic drying mode, help the control of dry materials final moisture.
Jiang Shu discloses the vertical feeding system of a kind of negative pressure with, Huo Xingmao, Li Zongrui (number of patent application 200820080086.3), and its conveyance conduit by band feeding mouth and blanking port is formed, and motor-driven chain gearing is arranged in the conveyance conduit.Described introducing dried material uses hot gas to be the useless flue gas that produces in the power generation process, the drying of this system applies in the biomass fuel course of conveying of biological power plant.But the required thermal source of dry materials that is not all of this patent is a microwave energy, and the efficiency of heating surface is high, dry materials is even; Material is carried through pipe negative pressure, and resistance is little, does not need chain to carry.
In the master thesis of Qingdao University of Science and Technology " the energy-conservation research of air-transport system ", to having carried out verification experimental verification through the theory analysis and the effect of the air-transport system conservation measures that calculates.Bypass pipe and two secondary piping system are carried out the comparative test of air consumption; In close mutually two-tube conveying, adopt the control of controlled bypass pipe tonifying Qi mode and adjustable LAVAL pipe tolerance to carry out the demonstration test of flow and percentage of damage.Through experiment, confirmed the correctness of two secondary piping system saving tolerance and adjustable LAVAL tube coupling ability.But carry drying particularly to adopt microwave not study to strength.
In the master thesis of Kunming University of Science and Technology " heat, gas, fixed double phase flow are coupling in the application in the tube type drying system " according to the physical environment of institute's research object work (heat, flow field); Take all factors into consideration theory of gas-solid two-phase, computational fluid dynamics theory and strength Conveying Theory; Confirm the principal element of its influence, set up Mathematical Modeling and governing equation; To the Mathematical Modeling that studies a question, utilize the FLOTRAN CFD in the ANSYS program to carry out finite element analysis computation, draw the distribution of temperature, speed, pressure and gas-solid two phases in whole threedimensional model flow field.But particularly adopt microwave not study to dry materials under the negative pressure.
Xiao of key lab of the coal gasification Ministry of Education of East China University of Science is state; Guo Xiaolei; Dai Zhenghuas etc. are delivery of carrier gas and medium with dry air and fine coal respectively in " fine coal concentrated phase flow behavior in the technical grade pipeline ", in the horizontal stainless steel tube of 39 mm technical grades, have carried out concentrated phase Gas-solid Two-phase Flow characteristic test research.The fine coal flow pattern that the high-speed camera appearance photographs shows, has stratified flow under the concentrated phase transport condition.Under fluidized gas and adjusting gas synergy, the ducted fine coal concentrated phase of technical grade is carried the rule auxilliary closely pass of two-way air flow rate therewith, and has obtained the fine coal strength conveying phasor under the 39 mm calibers.Carry comparison shows that of result with the horizontal stainless steel tube of 20mm that caliber is less: under the big caliber condition, discharge pressure is more remarkable to the influence of fine coal flow rate, and the economic gas speed of conveying is higher relatively; Under the identical conveying flux situation, the convey unit pipe range pressure drop of big caliber is low, and the unit pipe range change in pressure drop of carrying variations of flux to cause is also comparatively mild.But particularly adopt microwave not study to the dry materials under the negative pressure.
The Master's thesis of Jiangsu University " technical research of spray movable bed grain drying " is explored the scale-up problem of spray movable bed Grain drier and the possibility that the spray movable bed is applied to wheat and malt drying; In the spouted bed drying system of design voluntarily, moving technology optimization of drying test of wheat spray and the moving drying test of Fructus Hordei Germinatus spray have been carried out.Test shows: (1) used spray movable bed is reasonable in design; (2) optimum process is that air mass flow is got 42 m
3/ h, wet wheat loading amount is 3.8kg, and the hear rate of optimizing technology is a 5588kJ/kg water, and hot air temperature has appreciable impact to index in each factor; Different fixed bed, moving bed and the fluid bed of giving of its design feature was worth further carrying out Research of amplified when (3) the spray movable bed was as Grain drier.But particularly adopt microwave not study to the dry materials under the negative pressure.
The master thesis of Northwest University " Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid body flow numerical simulation in the literary composition spray movable bed " adopts two-fluid model that Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid body flow behavior in the spray movable bed has been carried out numerical simulation study.Numerical simulation result shows: divide inlet zone, fountain district, three zones, annular space district in the spray movable bed; Before the moving formation of spray, a bed body local granule has turbulent phenomenon; Form a bottleneck at the jet inlet place.Experimental data compares on distribution such as time average particle speed that analog computation obtains and concentration and the document, numerical simulation result and experimental result coincide better.But particularly adopt microwave not study to the dry materials under the negative pressure.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provide a kind of under microwave supplies vacuum drying condition, realize material efficient, evenly, low-cost drying, improve the even drying means of continuous negative pressure microwave and the device of dry materials quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention: a kind of moving drying device of material continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray that is used for; Comprise circulation bank 1 and loader 2, also comprise the moving pipe of negative pressure spray 3, heating using microwave cavity 4, cyclone separator 5, vaccum storage tank 6, discharger 7, water ring vacuum pump 8, circulation pipe 9, microwave source 10.Circulation bank 1 is positioned at loader top, connects through pipeline; Loader 2 is positioned at heating using microwave cavity 4 front upper places, is connected with 3 imports of the moving pipe of negative pressure spray through pipeline, and the horizontal slice of the moving pipe of negative pressure spray is placed in the heating using microwave cavity; Cyclone separator 5 is positioned at heating using microwave cavity rear portion, link to each other through the moving pipe outlet of pipeline and negative pressure spray, and the right connects vaccum storage tank 6, the following discharger 7 that connects; Discharger 7 is connected with the feeding cycle device through circulation pipe 9.
The moving pipe 3 of negative pressure spray horizontal direction number of permutations in heating using microwave cavity 4 is 3-10 row, and it is 3-10 row that vertical direction is arranged the number of plies.Heating using microwave cavity 4 inwalls are provided with microwave source 10 and are distributed in cavity four positions up and down, and press evenly alternately distribution of length direction, and each direction distribution microwave source quantity is 2-10.
The moving pipeline internal diameter of negative pressure spray is 32-100mm, and pipe material adopts that anti-microwave absorptivity is low, high temperature resistant, low temperature, food-grade polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material that coefficient of friction is low are made.
Microwave power is regulated continuously automatically according to material design temperature curve and is followed the tracks of, and ERROR CONTROL is at ± 1 ℃.
Material can be observed variable condition from four positions in the moving dry run of negative pressure microwave spray.
Material vacuum and speed of exhaust in the moving dry run of negative pressure microwave spray can be regulated automatically.
Material is material spray flowing mode under negative pressure: material mobile drying in the moving pipeline of negative pressure spray receives following each power effect: 1, gas (air, low area overheat water vapour) is in turbulent condition in negative-pressure pipeline; So the power that exists turbulent gas vertical direction component velocity to produce, its velocity component accounts for average speed more than 15%; 2, the pipe end particle upper and lower flow velocity particle top and the bottom differential static pressure that do not coexist produces power; 3, circumgranular circulation produces lift with the interior air-flow acting in conjunction of pipe; The thrust of the irregular generation of graininess is at the component of vertical direction; 4, owing to particle jumps each other or with the tube wall collision, so there is the component of reaction force in vertical direction.Under the effect of above-mentioned each power, material is pushed ahead as great-jump-forward at the horizontal tube inner suspension and with air-flow, takes off successively and lands, and does the heavy motion while floating.Material reduces at dry initial stage, mid-term, later stage moisture content gradually, and the present invention changes airflow rate through adjusting the water ring pump speed of exhaust automatically, makes dry materials be in suspended state.
The application of the moving drying device of said continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray is characterized in that opening water ring vacuum pump (8), makes vaccum storage tank vacuum reach setting value; It is every at a distance from 1 minute temperature value in drying time to set import in the moving pipe of negative pressure spray, outlet, middle three dry sections; Set high dry temperature, set in drying time whenever, preparation granule materials to be dried is put into loader (2) at a distance from 1 minute vacuum value and flow control valve setting value; Open starting switch; Vaccum storage tank (6) is connected valve with cyclone separator (5) to be opened automatically, and loader (2) is connected control valve with the negative pressure moving pipe of spray (3) to be opened automatically, and flow is according to setting adjustment automatically; Material carries out drying by setting in the moving pipe of flow entering negative pressure spray, and microwave source power is regulated size automatically according to temperature of charge; Cyclone separator is connected valve, circulation pipe (9) and is connected valve with discharger and opens automatically according to height of materials in the cyclone separator with discharger (7), carry out the material cyclic drying; Circulation bank (1) is connected valve with vaccum storage tank (6) and when material carries out cyclic drying, opens automatically; After setting end drying time, circulation bank (1) is connected valve with vaccum storage tank (6) closes automatically, and material is discharged from discharger.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, uniform drying: spray is moving because material in the microwave drying aid in the process, appears, rotation, flow regime, realizes that material is evenly dry, and the finished product uniformity reaches more than 98%, need not to handle once more.Avoided the traditional microwave drying to have the heating non-uniform phenomenon (cold and hot some phenomenon) of highly significant, its drying quality descends (overheated coking is not with excessively cold dried), and the cost of handling once more significantly improves.
2, efficient is high, cost is low: because material in microwave drying aid process, is located and high-speed motion state, heat exchange area and water evaporates area are far above the traditional drying mode, so dry materials speed is fast, and drying efficiency is high, cost is low.
3, investment is little, easy to operate: because material flows in negative-pressure pipeline and be dry; Pipeline adopts that anti-heating using microwave, microwave absorptivity are low, high temperature resistant, low temperature, polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material that coefficient of friction is low are made; Save the huge dry cavity of tradition,, use easy to operate so invest for a short time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 system flow chart of the present invention.1, circulation bank, 2, loader, 3, the moving pipe of negative pressure spray, 4, the heating using microwave cavity, 5, cyclone separator, 6, vaccum storage tank, 7, discharger, 8, water ring vacuum pump, 9, circulation pipe.
Fig. 2 heating using microwave cavity of the present invention and the moving pipe of negative pressure spray layout drawing.10, microwave source.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done to describe in further detail.
Embodiment is used for the dry device of the moving homogenising of granular material continuous negative pressure microwave spray for 1 one kinds, like Fig. 1, shown in Figure 2.Comprise circulation bank 1 and loader 2, also comprise the moving pipe of negative pressure spray 3, heating using microwave cavity 4, cyclone separator 5, vaccum storage tank 6, discharger 7, water ring vacuum pump 8, circulation pipe 9 and microwave source 10.Loader 2 is to deposit the container that needs dried material, gets into the inventory of the moving pipe 3 of negative pressure spray through Flow-rate adjustment control.The moving pipe of negative pressure spray is installed in the heating using microwave cavity 4, and it is mobile and dry that material carries out multipaths.Get into cyclone separator 5 behind the dry materials, get into discharger 7, confirm to get into circulation bank 1 through circulation pipe 9 according to moisture content of material through Flow-rate adjustment, or dry the end.Water ring vacuum pump 8 is connected with vaccum storage tank 6, and vaccum storage tank links to each other with cyclone separator, circulation bank.
The present invention adopts negative pressure mode to realize that material spray in pipe is moving, rotate, flow; Static drying mode of traditional microwave drying aid material or static relatively drying mode have been changed; Increase heat exchange area in the dry materials process, material surface water evaporates area, have uniform drying, efficient height, small investment, low cost and other advantages.
Embodiment 2, the moving homogenising drying means of carrot grain negative pressure microwave spray
Fresh carrot is cleaned up, be cut into the cube of 5mm-10mm, at 96-98 ℃ of blanching 2-3 minute, the powdered glucose of pulling back adding 1% out mixed static 20 minutes, sloughed surface attachment moisture with centrifuge and prepared for use.Open water ring vacuum pump 8, make vaccum storage tank vacuum reach 4000Pa, set in import in the negative pressure pipe, outlet, middle three dry sections every in 1 hour at a distance from 1 minute temperature value; Maximum temperature is 50 ℃, set 1 hour in whenever at a distance from 1 minute vacuum value and flow control valve setting value, will prepare carrot for use and put into loader 2; Open starting switch; Vaccum storage tank is connected valve with cyclone separator 5 to be opened automatically, and loader 2 is connected control valve with the moving pipe 3 of negative pressure spray to be opened automatically, and flow is according to setting adjustment automatically; Material carries out drying by setting in the moving pipe of flow entering negative pressure spray, and microwave source power is regulated size automatically according to temperature of charge; Cyclone separator is connected valve, circulation pipe 9 and is connected valve with discharger and opens automatically according to height of materials in the cyclone separator with discharger 7, carry out the material cyclic drying.Circulation bank 1 is connected valve with vaccum storage tank 6 and when material carries out cyclic drying, opens automatically.After setting end drying time, the circulation bank is connected valve with vaccum storage tank closes automatically, and material is discharged from discharger 7.
Embodiment 3, the moving homogenising drying means of chive section negative pressure microwave spray
New chive being cleaned up, be cut into the 3-5mm section, is to soak blanching 10-15 minute in 2% the aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution in concentration, pulls static 10 minutes out, sloughs surface attachment moisture with centrifuge and prepares for use.Open water ring vacuum pump 8, make vaccum storage tank vacuum reach 5000Pa, set in import in the negative pressure pipe, outlet, middle three dry sections every in 40 minutes at a distance from 1 minute temperature value; Maximum temperature is 60 ℃, set 40 minutes in whenever at a distance from 1 minute vacuum value and flow control valve setting value, will prepare chive for use and put into loader 2; Open starting switch; Vaccum storage tank 6 is connected valve with cyclone separator 5 to be opened automatically, and loader 2 is connected control valve with the moving pipe 3 of negative pressure spray to be opened automatically, and flow is according to setting adjustment automatically; Material carries out drying by setting in the moving pipe of flow entering negative pressure spray, and microwave source power is regulated size automatically according to temperature of charge; Cyclone separator is connected valve, circulation pipe 9 and is connected valve with discharger and opens automatically according to height of materials in the cyclone separator with discharger 7, carry out the material cyclic drying.Circulation bank 1 is connected valve with vaccum storage tank 6 and when material carries out cyclic drying, opens automatically.After setting end drying time, circulation bank 1 is connected valve with vaccum storage tank 6 closes automatically, and material is discharged from discharger 7.
Claims (4)
1. one kind is used for the moving drying device of material continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray, it is characterized in that by circulation bank (1) loader (2); The negative pressure moving pipe of spray (3), heating using microwave cavity (4), cyclone separator (5); Vaccum storage tank (6); Discharger (7), water ring vacuum pump (8), circulation pipe (9) and microwave source (10) constitute; Circulation bank (1) is positioned at loader (2) top, connects through pipeline; Loader (2) is positioned at heating using microwave cavity (4) front upper place, is connected with (3) import of the moving pipe of negative pressure spray through pipeline, and (3) horizontal slice of the moving pipe of negative pressure spray is placed in the heating using microwave cavity (4); Cyclone separator (5) is positioned at heating using microwave cavity (4) rear portion, links to each other with the negative pressure moving pipe of spray (3) outlet through pipeline, and the cyclone separator top connects vaccum storage tank (6), the following discharger (7) that connects; Discharger (7) is connected with circulation bank (1) through circulation pipe (9), is provided with microwave source (10) at heating using microwave cavity inwall.
2. the moving drying device of material continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the moving pipe of negative pressure spray horizontal direction number of permutations in the heating using microwave cavity is 3-10 row, and it is 3-10 row that vertical direction is arranged the number of plies.
3. the moving drying device of material continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray that is used for according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: microwave power is regulated according to the automatic Continuous Tracking of material design temperature curve, and ERROR CONTROL is at ± 1 ℃.
4. the moving drying device of material continuous negative pressure microwave homogenising spray that is used for according to claim 1 is characterized in that: material vacuum and speed of exhaust in negative pressure, microwave, the moving dry run of spray can be regulated automatically.
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