CN108497526B - Normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables - Google Patents
Normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN108497526B CN108497526B CN201810424028.6A CN201810424028A CN108497526B CN 108497526 B CN108497526 B CN 108497526B CN 201810424028 A CN201810424028 A CN 201810424028A CN 108497526 B CN108497526 B CN 108497526B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
- A23N12/12—Auxiliary devices for roasting machines
- A23N12/125—Accessories or details
Abstract
The utility model relates to a normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables and application thereof, belonging to the field of agricultural product and food drying processing technology and mechanical equipment manufacturing. The filter is connected with a blower, the blower is connected with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the ultrasonic atomizer are connected with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer through an air inlet pipe; the lower interlayer of the spouted bed dryer is connected with the heat exchanger through a dehumidifying fan, the spouted bed dryer is also connected with a compressed air storage tank, and the compressed air storage tank is connected with an air compressor; the upper end of the spouted bed dryer is connected with a low-frequency microwave source, and the low-frequency microwave source is connected with a control cabinet. According to the method, the ultrasonic atomization, low-frequency microwave and pulse spouted bed fusion drying mode is adopted to improve the drying efficiency of conditioning fruits and vegetables, shorten the drying time, reduce the drying energy consumption, improve the drying quality, solve the problems of high-sugar conditioning fruits and vegetables such as drying adhesion, low quality, time and labor waste and the like, and realize the normal-pressure high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality drying of conditioning fruits and vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables and application thereof, which are suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality drying processing of various conditioning fruits and vegetables, and belong to the fields of agricultural product and food drying processing technology and mechanical equipment manufacturing.
Background
The technology and equipment for normal pressure hot air drying of agricultural products and foods are relatively mature. The microwave-assisted normal-pressure hot air drying technology and equipment are an important direction for improving the traditional normal-pressure fruit and vegetable drying and processing industry. The microwave-assisted hot air drying can eliminate heat transfer resistance, improve drying rate, shorten drying time and achieve the purposes of high efficiency and energy conservation. However, the microwave-assisted hot air drying has very remarkable non-uniformity key technical problems, the uniformity of the dried product is only 50% -60%, and the retreatment cost is greatly increased. In addition, non-fried conditioning fruit and vegetable drying processes have become an important trend in the development of the snack food processing industry. The traditional fruit and vegetable conditioning pretreatment adopts a simple mixing mode before the drying processing, and solves the problems of adhesion, caking, high crushing rate, deterioration in quality, time and labor waste and the like of products in the drying processing process for some high-sugar and high-viscosity seasoning liquid. In recent years, the export of dehydrated fruit and vegetable products is increasingly competitive, and the international market has a strong demand for high-quality and low-cost dried fruits and vegetables. Some researches find that the low-frequency microwave (915 MHz) has the advantages of strong penetrating power, improved uniformity of the dried product, improved processing capability of the dried product and the like compared with the high-frequency microwave (2450 MHz). According to the utility model, through ultrasonic atomization, low-frequency microwave and pulse spouted fusion drying, the adhesion problem in the process of conditioning fruits and vegetables is solved, and the efficient energy-saving uniform drying of fruits and vegetables is realized. Compared with the traditional hot air drying, the method provided by the utility model has the advantages that the uniformity of the dried fruit and vegetable finished product is over 90%, the energy is saved by over 40%, and the actual high-efficiency, energy-saving, low-cost and high-quality drying of the fruit and vegetable is realized.
Li Xiangli, liu Jing, zhu Jiubin, wei Haixiang (2016) disclose "hot air-microwave vegetable drying apparatus" utility model patents (patent application number 201621068692.4). The patent equipment comprises a drying chamber, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet cover, wherein a microwave generator is arranged on the inner wall of the drying chamber, the air inlet pipe is provided with a heater, and a vegetable drying tray is connected with a vibration motor. The uniformity of hot air and microwaves in vegetables is improved by adopting a mechanical vibration mode, and the problem of uniformity of a dried product is difficult to solve because the material space motion cannot be realized by adopting the mode due to low material vibration intensity and non-uniform distribution of microwave fields. In addition, the patent is suitable for drying vegetables without conditioning liquid pretreatment or low-sugar conditioning liquid, and for dehydrated vegetables pretreated with high sugar, the patent can not solve the problems of adhesion and caking of products and the like. The utility model is characterized in that low-frequency microwave pulse spouting is adopted to realize the uniformity of drying fruits and vegetables; the conditioning liquid is adopted for ultrasonic atomization, atomized liquid drops are contacted with the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables, and the drying is carried out by low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying, so that the problem of adhesiveness of the dried fruits and vegetables is solved.
Yin Ci (2013) discloses an utility model patent (patent application 201320576400.8) of an ultrasonic microwave combined vacuum drying system. The patent combines ultrasonic atomization and microwave vacuum drying, and dries liquid materials, and feed liquid is atomized under the action of ultrasonic waves and enters a drying box body, and then is heated and dried by a microwave generator. The patent is applicable to direct drying of liquid materials. The utility model is characterized in that the drying object is fruits and vegetables, the ultrasonic atomization is applied to the atomization of the seasoning liquid, so that atomized liquid drops are contacted with the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables, and the problem of adhesiveness of the dried fruits and vegetables is solved by low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying.
Wang Yuchuan, zhang, cui Zhengwei, wang Bo et al (patent No. ZL 201510352097.7) disclose a microwave vacuum drying apparatus for ultrasonic atomizing pulse spouting of liquid materials and a method for drying the same, which adopts ultrasonic atomization to replace the conventional centrifugal and pressure atomizer for microwave vacuum drying of liquid materials. The utility model is characterized in that the drying object is fruits and vegetables, the seasoning liquid is atomized by utilizing ultrasonic, atomized liquid drops are contacted with the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables, and the drying is carried out by normal pressure low frequency microwave pulse spouting, so that the problem of adhesiveness of the dried fruits and vegetables is solved.
Zhang, sun Jincai, zhong Jifeng, yan Weijiang and the like (patent application number 200810244418.1) disclose a spouting auxiliary method for improving the microwave drying uniformity of granular fruits and vegetables, wherein two types of airflow fields are adopted for microwave spouting drying, and the water content of the dried products is below 6%. The patent is suitable for drying vegetables without conditioning liquid pretreatment or low-sugar conditioning liquid, and for dehydrated vegetables pretreated with high sugar, the patent can not solve the problems of adhesion and caking of products and the like. The utility model is characterized in that the conditioning liquid is adopted for ultrasonic atomization, atomized liquid drops are contacted with the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables, and the problem of adhesiveness of the dried fruits and vegetables is solved through low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying.
Zheng Dandan, zhang, huang Gupeng, zhang Weiming and the like (patent application number CN 201510654273.2) disclose a method for rapidly preparing fruit and vegetable crisp granules by three-stage normal pressure microwave spouted drying, wherein the patent adopts three-stage normal pressure microwave (the frequency is 2450 MHz) spouted drying, and compared with hot air and single-stage microwave, the requirements of energy saving and time shortening can be realized. The utility model is characterized in that low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying and ultrasonic atomization are adopted, so that the problems of drying uniformity, improved drying processing capacity, adhesion, low quality, time and labor waste and the like in the process of conditioning fruits and vegetables are solved.
Xie Jiansong, cinnamomum, ultrasonic spray-coating color-preserving peony freeze-drying test study (drying technique and equipment, 2009, 7 (1): 19-23) was performed. The study was performed by ultrasonic atomization of a color retention solution prior to lyophilization, spray-coating the peony with a color retention treatment, and then vacuum freeze-drying the treated peony. The utility model has the difference that ultrasonic atomization liquid drops are contacted with the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables in the drying process, and the problem of adhesion of the dried fruits and vegetables under normal pressure is solved by low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying.
Wei Jingchen A small-sized spray drying device design research (Nanjing aviation aerospace university's Shuoshi paper, 2017) based on an ultrasonic atomizer is carried out. The utility model is characterized in that ultrasonic atomization is utilized to enable atomized liquid drops of the seasoning liquid to contact the surfaces of the dried fruits and vegetables, and then the dried fruits and vegetables are sprayed and dried by low-frequency microwave pulse, so that the problem of adhesiveness of the dried fruits and vegetables is solved.
In a word, the normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables and the high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality processing method are not reported in China, and papers and patents on the aspects are not searched at home and abroad so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects, and provides a normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables and application thereof, which can realize normal pressure efficient, energy-saving, low-cost and high-quality drying of conditioning fruits and vegetables under the synergistic conditions of ultrasonic atomization, low frequency microwave and pulse spouted bed.
According to the technical scheme provided by the utility model, the normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables comprises a suction filter, a blower, a heat exchanger, an ultrasonic atomizer, a dehumidifying fan, a spouted bed dryer, a compressed air storage tank, an air compressor, a low frequency microwave source and a control cabinet;
the suction filter is connected with a blower, the blower is connected with a heat exchanger, and the heat exchanger and the ultrasonic atomizer are connected with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer through an air inlet pipe; the interlayer at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer is connected with the heat exchanger through a dehumidifying fan, the bottom of the spouted bed dryer is also connected with a compressed air storage tank, and the compressed air storage tank is connected with an air compressor; the upper end of the spouted bed dryer is connected with a low-frequency microwave source, and the low-frequency microwave source is connected with a control cabinet.
The drying device also comprises an electromagnetic valve; and a solenoid valve is arranged on the pipeline connected with the ultrasonic atomizer.
The drying device also comprises a gas-solid separator, an exhaust port, a feed inlet, an air inlet and discharge switcher, an air inlet pipe and a discharge pipe;
the top of the spouted bed dryer is provided with an exhaust port and a gas-solid separator, the inlet of the gas-solid separator is connected with the exhaust port, and the outlet of the gas-solid separator is connected with an interlayer at the upper part of the spouted bed dryer; the lower part of the spouted bed dryer is provided with an air inlet and discharge switcher which is respectively connected with an air inlet pipe and a discharge pipe; and a feed inlet is also formed in the spouted bed dryer.
The drying device also comprises a pulse spouted valve; the air inlet pipe is connected with the compressed air storage tank through the pulse spouted valve.
The drying device also comprises a microwave feed port and a waveguide; the upper part of the spouted bed dryer is provided with a microwave feed port, and the microwave feed port is connected with a low-frequency microwave source through a waveguide.
The control cabinet is used for controlling the whole system; the control cabinet is respectively connected with the air feeder, the ultrasonic atomizer, the electromagnetic valve, the dehumidifying fan, the exhaust port, the air inlet and discharge switcher, the pulse spouting valve, the air compressor and the low-frequency microwave source.
The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic atomizer is 1.0-100MHz, the number of ultrasonic atomizing units is more than 10, the atomizing speed is 0-50L/h, and the temperature of atomized liquid is regulated within the range of 20-35 ℃.
The spouted bed dryer adopts a sandwich structure, and the thickness of the sandwich is 10-50mm.
The application of the normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables comprises the following steps: the fruit and vegetable raw materials enter the spouted bed dryer from a feed inlet, and after the drying is finished, the fruits and vegetables are discharged from a discharge pipe at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer; the gas distributor is fixed on the upper part of the gas inlet pipe, the gas inlet pipe and the discharge pipe are integrally processed, and the gas inlet pipe, the discharge pipe and the bottom of the spouted bed dryer are alternately connected and sealed through the horizontal movement and the up-down movement of the gas inlet and discharge switcher;
the conditioning liquid is atomized into mist drops through an ultrasonic atomizer, the mist drops enter an air inlet pipe in a fixed quantity at fixed time, are mixed with hot air, enter a spouted bed dryer, contact with dried fruits and vegetables, and are subjected to low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying under the action of a low-frequency microwave source and a pulse spouted valve; the gas from the compressed air storage tank enters the spouted bed dryer in a pulse mode through the pulse spouted valve and the air inlet pipe;
in the low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying process, high-temperature wet air discharged from a spouted bed dryer enters a spouted bed dryer interlayer through a gas-solid separator, enters a heat exchanger through a moisture extraction fan and is discharged, so that drying waste heat recovery is realized;
in the later stage of low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying, the blower and the dehumidifying fan automatically adjust the running speed according to the air humidity in the spouted bed dryer; the pulse spouted valve automatically adjusts the air flow rate entering the spouted bed dryer according to the material spouted height in the spouted bed dryer.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the ultrasonic atomization, low-frequency microwave and pulse spouted bed fusion drying mode is adopted to improve the drying efficiency of conditioning fruits and vegetables, shorten the drying time, reduce the drying energy consumption, improve the drying quality, solve the problems of high-sugar conditioning fruits and vegetables such as drying adhesion, low quality, time and labor waste and the like, and realize the normal-pressure high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality drying of conditioning fruits and vegetables.
The utility model improves the drying efficiency and reduces the energy consumption: the low-frequency microwaves (915 MHz) have the characteristic of internal heat sources, so that the whole material is heated and dried, the moisture migration direction of the dried material is consistent with the temperature gradient direction, and the heat transfer resistance is eliminated; the rapid evaporation of the moisture in the material forms a larger pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the material, accelerates the evaporation of the moisture, improves the drying rate and shortens the drying time; and the drying waste heat recovery is realized, and the energy loss is reduced.
The uniformity and the processing capacity of the dried product are improved: compared with high-frequency microwaves (2450 MHz), the low-frequency microwaves (915 MHz) have higher penetrating power, and the low-frequency microwaves combined with the pulse spouted bed technology can improve the uniformity of microwave dried products and improve the processing capacity of the dried products.
The drying processing time of the conditioned fruits and vegetables is saved, and the labor intensity is reduced: product adhesion, poor quality and high labor intensity in the traditional normal pressure fruit and vegetable hot air drying process adopt a seasoning liquid ultrasonic atomization mode and a low-frequency microwave pulse spouted bed to realize fusion drying, so that the seasoning uniformly permeates into the surface of a dried product in the drying process, and the problems of adhesion, caking, time and labor waste and the like in the traditional conditioning of fruit and vegetable drying are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the present utility model.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a suction filter; 2. a blower; 3. a heat exchanger; 4. an ultrasonic atomizer; 5. an electromagnetic valve; 6. a dehumidifying fan; 7. spouted bed dryer; 8. a gas-solid separator; 9. an exhaust port; 10. a feed inlet; 11. an air inlet and discharge switcher; 12. an air inlet pipe; 13. a discharge pipe; 14. a pulse spout valve; 15. a compressed air storage tank; 16. an air compressor; 17. a microwave feed port; 18. a waveguide; 19. a low frequency microwave source; 20. and a control cabinet.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present utility model in further detail with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1: the normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables comprises a suction filter 1, a blower 2, a heat exchanger 3, an ultrasonic atomizer 4, a dehumidifying fan 6, a spouted bed dryer 7, a compressed air storage tank 15, an air compressor 16, a low frequency microwave source 19 and a control cabinet 20;
the suction filter 1 is connected with the air blower 2, the air blower 2 is connected with the heat exchanger 3, and the heat exchanger 3 and the ultrasonic atomizer 4 are connected with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer 7 through an air inlet pipe; the interlayer at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer 7 is connected with the heat exchanger 3 through the dehumidifying fan 6, the bottom of the spouted bed dryer 7 is also connected with the compressed air storage tank 15, and the compressed air storage tank 15 is connected with the air compressor 16; the upper end of the spouted bed dryer 7 is connected with a low-frequency microwave source 19, and the low-frequency microwave source 19 is connected with a control cabinet 20.
Also comprises a solenoid valve 5; and a solenoid valve 5 is arranged on the pipeline connected with the ultrasonic atomizer 4.
The device also comprises a gas-solid separator 8, an exhaust port 9, a feed inlet 10, an air inlet and discharge switcher 11, an air inlet pipe 12 and a discharge pipe 13;
the top of the spouted bed dryer 7 is provided with an exhaust port 9 and a gas-solid separator 8, the inlet of the gas-solid separator 8 is connected with the exhaust port 9, and the outlet of the gas-solid separator 8 is connected with an interlayer at the upper part of the spouted bed dryer 7; the lower part of the spouted bed dryer 7 is provided with an air inlet and discharge switcher 11, and the air inlet and discharge switcher 11 is respectively connected with an air inlet pipe 12 and a discharge pipe 13; the spouted bed dryer 7 is also provided with a feed inlet 10.
Also included is a pulse spout valve 14; the intake pipe 12 is connected to a compressed air storage tank 15 via a pulse spout valve 14.
The microwave feed port 17 and the waveguide 18 are also included; the upper part of the spouted bed dryer 7 is provided with a microwave feed port 17, and the microwave feed port 17 is connected with a low-frequency microwave source 19 through a waveguide 18.
The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic atomizer 4 is 1.0-100MHz, the number of ultrasonic atomizing units is more than 10, the atomizing speed is 0-50L/h, and the temperature of the atomized liquid is regulated within the range of 20-35 ℃.
The spouted bed dryer 7 adopts a sandwich structure, and the thickness of the sandwich is 10-50mm.
The working process of the utility model comprises the following steps: the fruit and vegetable raw materials enter a spouted bed dryer from a feed inlet 10, and after drying, the fruit and vegetable raw materials are discharged from a discharge pipe 13 at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer; the gas distributor is fixed on the upper part of the gas inlet pipe 12, so that low-frequency microwave leakage is prevented, hot air, atomized liquid drops and spouted gas are guaranteed to enter the spouted bed dryer 7, the gas inlet pipe 12 and the discharging pipe 13 are integrally processed, and the gas inlet pipe 12, the discharging pipe 13 and the bottom of the spouted bed dryer 7 are alternately connected and sealed through horizontal movement and up-down movement of the gas inlet and discharging switcher 11.
The conditioning liquid is atomized into mist drops through the ultrasonic atomizer 4, the mist drops enter the air inlet pipe 12 in a fixed quantity at fixed time, are mixed with hot air, enter the spouted bed dryer 7, contact with dried fruits and vegetables, and are subjected to low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying under the action of the low-frequency microwave source 19 and the pulse spouted valve 14. In the low-frequency microwave drying process, gas (0.5-1.0 MPa) from a compressed air storage tank 15 enters the spouted bed dryer 7 in a pulse mode through a pulse spouted valve 14 and an air inlet pipe 12, so that the spatial three-dimensional movement of the dried fruits and vegetables in the drying process is realized, and the problems of non-uniformity, adhesion and the like of a normal-pressure low-frequency microwave drying product are solved.
In the low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying process, high-temperature wet air discharged from a spouted bed dryer 7 enters an interlayer of the spouted dryer 7 through a gas-solid separator 8, and enters a heat exchanger 3 through a dehumidifier 6 to be discharged, so that drying waste heat recovery is realized.
In the later stage of low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying, the blower 2 and the dehumidifying fan 6 automatically adjust the running speed according to the air humidity in the spouted bed dryer cavity 7; the pulse spouting valve 14 automatically adjusts the flow rate of air entering the spouted bed dryer 7 according to the spouting height of the material in the spouted bed dryer 7.
The suction filter 1 is a device for removing impurities in air sent into the spouted dryer 7, the blower 2 is a device for conveying filtered and purified air to the heat exchanger 3, the heat exchanger 3 is a device for heating air, the ultrasonic atomizer 4 is a device for atomizing seasoning liquid into mist drops, the electromagnetic valve 5 controls the time and flow rate of the mist drops entering the spouted dryer 7, the gas-solid separator 8 is used for separating materials carried by the exhaust port 9, the separated wet air enters an interlayer of the spouted dryer 7 and heats the inner cavity wall of the spouted dryer 7, the wet air coming out from the lower part of the interlayer in the spouted dryer 7 is conveyed to the heat exchanger 3 through the moisture suction fan 6, the waste heat is exchanged and then discharged, the feed inlet 10 is an inlet of the wet materials entering the spouted dryer 7, the air inlet pipe 12 is a channel for hot air, ultrasonic atomized liquid drops and compressed air to enter the spouted dryer 7, the pulse spouting valve 14 controls the time and flow of compressed air entering the spouting dryer 7, the discharging pipe 13 is a channel for discharging dry materials from the spouting dryer 7, the air inlet pipe 12 is provided with a distribution plate and is integrally processed with the discharging pipe 13, the air inlet pipe 12 and the discharging pipe 13 are alternately connected with the spouting dryer 7 through horizontal movement and vertical movement of the air inlet and discharging switcher 11, the air inlet pipe 12 is connected with the spouting dryer 7 in the drying process, the discharging pipe 13 is connected with the spouting dryer 7 after the drying is finished, the compressed air storage tank 15 and the air compressor 16 provide pulse spouting gas, the low-frequency microwave source 19 excites low-frequency microwaves, the waveguide 18 and the microwave feed port 17 transmit the low-frequency microwaves into the spouting dryer 7 to provide energy required for drying the materials, and the control cabinet 20 carries out setting and detection of process parameters and operation control of all parts (particularly shown in fig. 2).
The control cabinet 20 is used for controlling the whole system; the control cabinet 20 is respectively connected with the blower 2, the ultrasonic atomizer 4, the electromagnetic valve 5, the dehumidifying fan 6, the exhaust port 9, the air inlet and discharge switcher 11, the pulse spouted valve 14, the air compressor 16 and the low-frequency microwave source 19. The control cabinet 20 performs start-stop and rotation speed control on the blower 2, start-stop and temperature control on the ultrasonic atomizer 4, start-stop control on the electromagnetic valve 5, start-stop and rotation speed control on the dehumidifier 6, temperature and humidity detection on the exhaust port 9, switching control on the air inlet and outlet switcher 11, start-stop control on the pulse spout valve 14, start-stop and pressure control on the air compressor 16, and start-stop and power adjustment on the low-frequency microwave source 19.
The front end of the exhaust port 9 is also provided with a temperature and humidity sensor, and the controller is connected with the temperature and humidity sensor and collects data detected by the temperature and humidity sensor.
Application example 1
Normal-pressure ultrasonic atomization-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying method for conditioning Korean vegetables
5kg of the Korean vegetables which are pretreated by cleaning and cutting (10 x10 mm) are put into a spouted bed dryer 7 (with the diameter of 1000mm and the height of 1800 mm), and an air inlet and discharge switcher 11 is opened before drying, so that the air inlet pipe 12 is connected with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer 7. And starting a low-frequency microwave source (WY 5L-01) 19, carrying out low-frequency microwave heating blanching on the Korean vegetables, wherein the material temperature set value is 90 ℃, starting a blower 2 (HG-550S) and a dehumidifying fan 6 (HG-750S) after 60 seconds to dry the Korean vegetables, wherein the temperature design value of the Korean vegetables in the drying process is 70 ℃, the microwave power is automatically and continuously adjusted according to the temperature set value, the material temperature is detected by an optical fiber sensor, and the temperature value is recorded every 1 minute in the drying process.
Taking 10L of glucose solution with the mass concentration of 20%, placing the glucose solution into an ultrasonic atomizer 4 (20 ultrasonic atomization vibrators), setting the temperature of an atomization liquid to 25 ℃, and opening a power switch of the ultrasonic atomizer 4. The air compressor (OTS-600X 2) 16 was turned on and the compressed air storage tank (nonstandard, 600mm diameter, 1200mm height) 15 pressure was set to 0.7-0.8MPa. When the humidity of the exhaust port 9 of the spouted bed dryer reaches a set value (40%), the pulse spouted valve 14 is opened, compressed air is introduced into the spouted bed dryer to spout the Korean vegetables, the opening time interval of the pulse spouted valve 14 is set to 30s, and the opening time is set to 0.5s. When the humidity of the exhaust port 9 of the spouted bed dryer reaches a set value (35%), the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, atomized liquid drops enter the spouted bed dryer 7 to be dried in contact with Korean vegetables, the opening time interval of the electromagnetic valve 5 is 10s, and the opening time is 10s.
After the drying is finished, the air compressor 16, the ultrasonic atomizer 4, the pulse spouted valve 14, the low-frequency microwave source 19, the blower 2 and the dehumidifying fan 6 are sequentially stopped, the air inlet and discharging switcher 11 is regulated to switch, the discharging pipe 13 is connected with the lower part of the spouted bed dryer 7, and dried Korean vegetables are collected.
Application example 2
Carrot normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted bed drying method
Taking and cutting (8 x8x8 mm) pretreated carrot 5kg, putting into a spouted bed dryer 7 (diameter 1000mm, height 1800 mm), and opening an air inlet and discharge switcher 11 before putting into the spouted bed dryer, so as to ensure that an air inlet pipe 12 is in butt joint with a nozzle at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer 7. And starting a low-frequency microwave source 19 (WY 5L-01), and heating and blanching carrots by using low-frequency microwaves, wherein the material temperature is set to be 90 ℃. After 90S, the blower 2 (HG-550S) and the dehumidifying fan (HG-750S) 6 are started to dry the carrots, the design value of the carrot temperature in the drying process is 65 ℃, the microwave power is automatically and continuously adjusted according to the temperature set value, the carrot temperature is detected by the optical fiber sensor, and the temperature value is recorded every 1 minute in the drying process. Taking 10L of glucose solution with the mass concentration of 15%, placing the glucose solution into an ultrasonic atomizer 4 (20 ultrasonic atomization vibrators), setting the temperature of an atomization liquid to 25 ℃, and opening a power switch of the ultrasonic atomizer 4. The air compressor 16 (OTS-600X 2) was turned on and the pressure value of the compressed air tank 15 (diameter 600mm, height 1200 mm) was set to 0.7-0.8MPa.
When the humidity of the exhaust port 9 of the spouted bed dryer reaches a set value (35%), the pulse spouted valve 14 is opened, compressed air enters the spouted bed dryer 7 to spout the carrot granules, the opening time interval of the pulse spouted valve 14 is set to 20s, and the opening time is set to 0.5s. When the humidity of the exhaust port 9 of the spouted bed dryer 7 reaches a set value (30%), the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, atomized liquid drops enter the spouted bed dryer 7 to be contacted with carrot granules for drying, the opening time interval of the electromagnetic valve 5 is set to be 15s, and the opening time is set to be 15s.
After the drying is finished, the air compressor 16, the ultrasonic atomizer 4, the pulse spouted valve 14, the low-frequency microwave source 19, the blower 2 and the dehumidifying fan 6 are sequentially stopped, the switch of the air inlet and discharging switcher 11 is regulated, the discharging pipe 13 is connected with the lower part of the spouted bed dryer 7, and the dried carrot particles are collected.
Claims (9)
1. A normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouts a drying device for conditioning fruit vegetables which characterized in that: the device comprises a suction filter (1), a blower (2), a heat exchanger (3), an ultrasonic atomizer (4), a dehumidifying fan (6), a spouted bed dryer (7), a compressed air storage tank (15), an air compressor (16), a low-frequency microwave source (19) and a control cabinet (20);
the suction filter (1) is connected with the air feeder (2), the air feeder (2) is connected with the heat exchanger (3), and the heat exchanger (3) is connected with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer (7) through the air inlet pipe; the interlayer at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer (7) is connected with the heat exchanger (3) through the dehumidifying fan (6), the bottom of the spouted bed dryer (7) is also connected with the compressed air storage tank (15), and the compressed air storage tank (15) is connected with the air compressor (16); the upper end of the spouted bed dryer (7) is connected with a low-frequency microwave source (19), and the low-frequency microwave source (19) is connected with a control cabinet (20);
atomizing the conditioning liquid into fogdrops through an ultrasonic atomizer (4), enabling the fogdrops to enter an air inlet pipe (12) at fixed time and fixed quantity, mixing with hot air, entering a spouted bed dryer (7), contacting with dried fruits and vegetables, and performing low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying under the action of a low-frequency microwave source (19) and a pulse spouted valve (14); the gas from the compressed air storage tank (15) enters the spouted bed dryer (7) in a pulse mode through the pulse spouted valve (14) and the air inlet pipe (12).
2. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: also comprises an electromagnetic valve (5); and a solenoid valve (5) is arranged on the pipeline connected with the ultrasonic atomizer (4).
3. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the device also comprises a gas-solid separator (8), an exhaust port (9), a feed inlet (10), an air inlet and discharge switcher (11), an air inlet pipe (12) and a discharge pipe (13);
the top of the spouted bed dryer (7) is provided with an exhaust port (9) and a gas-solid separator (8), the inlet of the gas-solid separator (8) is connected with the exhaust port (9), and the outlet of the gas-solid separator (8) is connected with an interlayer at the upper part of the spouted bed dryer (7); the lower part of the spouted bed dryer (7) is provided with an air inlet and discharge switcher (11), and the air inlet and discharge switcher (11) is respectively connected with an air inlet pipe (12) and a discharge pipe (13); and a feed inlet (10) is also arranged on the spouted bed dryer (7).
4. A normal pressure ultrasonic atomizing-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 3, wherein: also comprises a pulse spouting valve (14); the air inlet pipe (12) is connected with a compressed air storage tank (15) through a pulse spouted valve (14).
5. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the microwave oven also comprises a microwave feed port (17) and a waveguide (18); the upper part of the spouted bed dryer (7) is provided with a microwave feed port (17), and the microwave feed port (17) is connected with a low-frequency microwave source (19) through a waveguide (18).
6. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomizing-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the control cabinet (20) is used for controlling the whole system; the control cabinet (20) is respectively connected with the blower (2), the ultrasonic atomizer (4), the electromagnetic valve (5), the dehumidifying fan (6), the exhaust port (9), the air inlet and discharge switcher (11), the pulse spouting valve (14), the air compressor (16) and the low-frequency microwave source (19).
7. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic atomizer (4) is 1.0-100MHz, the number of ultrasonic atomizing units is more than 10, the atomizing speed is 0-50L/h, and the temperature of atomized liquid is regulated within the range of 20-35 ℃.
8. The normal pressure ultrasonic atomization-low frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the device comprises: the spouted bed dryer (7) adopts a sandwich structure, and the thickness of the sandwich is 10-50mm.
9. The drying method of an atmospheric ultrasonic atomizing-low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying device for conditioning fruits and vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the fruit and vegetable raw materials enter the spouted bed dryer (7) from the feed inlet (10), and after the drying is finished, the fruit and vegetable are discharged from a discharge pipe (13) at the lower part of the spouted bed dryer (7); the gas distributor is fixed on the upper part of the gas inlet pipe (12), the gas inlet pipe (12) and the discharge pipe (13) are integrally processed, the gas inlet pipe (12) and the discharge pipe (13) are alternately connected and sealed with the bottom of the spouted bed dryer (7) through the horizontal movement and the up-down movement of the gas inlet and discharge switcher (11);
atomizing the conditioning liquid into fogdrops through an ultrasonic atomizer (4), enabling the fogdrops to enter an air inlet pipe (12) at fixed time and fixed quantity, mixing with hot air, entering a spouted bed dryer (7), contacting with dried fruits and vegetables, and performing low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying under the action of a low-frequency microwave source (19) and a pulse spouted valve (14); the gas from the compressed air storage tank (15) enters the spouted bed dryer (7) in a pulse mode through the pulse spouted valve (14) and the air inlet pipe (12);
in the low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying process, high-temperature wet air discharged from a spouted bed dryer (7) enters an interlayer of the spouted bed dryer (7) through a gas-solid separator (8), enters a heat exchanger (3) through a dehumidifying fan (6) and is discharged, so that drying waste heat recovery is realized;
in the later stage of low-frequency microwave pulse spouted drying, the air feeder (2) and the dehumidifying fan (6) automatically adjust the running speed according to the air humidity in the spouted bed dryer (7); the pulse spouted valve (14) automatically adjusts the air flow rate entering the spouted bed dryer (7) according to the material spouted height in the spouted bed dryer (7).
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