CN108895767B - Negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and application thereof - Google Patents
Negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108895767B CN108895767B CN201810922324.9A CN201810922324A CN108895767B CN 108895767 B CN108895767 B CN 108895767B CN 201810922324 A CN201810922324 A CN 201810922324A CN 108895767 B CN108895767 B CN 108895767B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/092—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating
- F26B3/0926—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed agitating the fluidised bed, e.g. by vibrating or pulsating by pneumatic means, e.g. spouted beds
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/001—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure
- F26B21/002—Drying-air generating units, e.g. movable, independent of drying enclosure heating the drying air indirectly, i.e. using a heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/003—Supply-air or gas filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
- F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed
- F26B3/082—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed arrangements of devices for distributing fluidising gas, e.g. grids, nozzles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/08—Granular materials
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Abstract
A negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and application thereof belong to the technical field of agricultural product and food drying processing technology and mechanical equipment manufacturing. The utility model causes the wet material in the spouted bed to be heated under the effect of the radio frequency field between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, evaporates the water content of the material under the effect of the blower and the dehumidifier, and realizes the space movement and even dispersion of the material under the action of negative pressure pulse spraying. According to the utility model, the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying is adopted to replace the traditional hot air drying, so that the wet material drying efficiency is improved, the drying time is shortened, the drying energy consumption is reduced, and the uniformity of a dried product is improved; the negative pressure pulse spouting is adopted to achieve even dispersion of materials, solve the problems of adhesion, agglomeration, poor quality, time and labor waste and the like in the normal pressure drying process of high-viscosity materials, achieve energy conservation of more than 40% and uniformity of more than 90%, and achieve normal pressure, high efficiency, energy conservation and high quality drying of agricultural products and foods.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and application thereof, which are suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality drying processing of various high-viscosity materials, and belong to the technical fields of agricultural product and food drying processing technology and mechanical equipment manufacturing.
Background
The conventional normal pressure drying processing technology and equipment for agricultural products and foods are relatively mature, but the defects of low efficiency, poor quality, high cost, heavy pollution and the like are also present. The efficient physical combination normal pressure hot air drying technology and equipment using microwaves, infrared rays, radio frequency and the like are an important direction for improving the traditional normal pressure agricultural product and food drying processing technology. The microwave and radio frequency combined hot air drying can increase the heat and mass transfer efficiency of material drying, improve the drying rate, shorten the drying time and achieve the purposes of high efficiency and energy conservation. However, the microwave and radio frequency assisted hot air drying has the key technical problems of uneven product drying, serious quality deterioration and the like, the uniformity of the product is only 50-60%, and the retreatment cost is greatly improved. In addition, non-fried conditioned foods have become an important trend in the snack food processing industry. The prepared food seasoning liquid has higher sugar content, so that the problems of product adhesion, caking, high crushing rate, deterioration in quality, time and labor waste and the like are caused in the drying process. In recent years, dehydrated food and snack food outlets are increasingly competing, and there is a strong demand in the international market for high quality, low cost dry food. In addition, the environmental pollution is severe at home and abroad, and the low-carbon green drying of foods is also challenged. The research shows that compared with microwaves, the radio frequency has the advantages of strong penetrating power, uniform product drying, simple equipment structure, high drying processing productivity and the like. The utility model integrates a plurality of technologies such as a negative pressure pulse technology, a radio frequency heating technology, a pulse spouted bed drying technology and the like, thereby solving the adhesion problem in the process of conditioning agricultural products and food drying, improving the drying uniformity and improving the drying efficiency and the productivity of conditioning products. Compared with the traditional hot air drying, the uniformity of the dried finished product of the conditioning product reaches more than 90%, the drying time is shortened by more than 50%, the energy is saved by more than 40%, and the really efficient, energy-saving, green, low-cost and high-quality drying of agricultural products and foods is realized.
Pan Leiqing, he Xinyi, yan Xu, tu Kang, lin Lizhong, zhu Jinxing (2017) discloses an utility model patent of a "drying apparatus for producing apple semi-dried flakes" (patent application number CN 201621401053.5). The device comprises a gas jet impact drying device and a hot air auxiliary radio frequency drying device, and can improve the product quality and reduce the loss of nutrient components. However, the device only has plane motion in the radio frequency drying process, and the uniformity problem of the dried product is difficult to solve. In addition, the patent is suitable for fruit and vegetable products which do not need conditioning liquid pretreatment or low-sugar conditioning liquid to dry, and for apple slices pretreated by high sugar, the patent can not solve the problems of product adhesion and caking. The utility model is characterized in that the uniformity of the dried fruit and vegetable products is realized by adopting the negative pressure pulse and normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed integrated drying device, and the problem of the adhesiveness of the high-sugar conditioned dried fruit and vegetable products is solved.
Liu Qizhong, shen Yan, wang Lei (2014) discloses an utility model patent (patent application number CN 201320589984.2) of "a radio frequency drying apparatus". The device comprises a plurality of radio frequency drying boxes, a plurality of layers of power electrode plates, a radio frequency power detection module, a radio frequency generator, a temperature sensor, a terminal controller and a central controller, and can improve the material drying speed and the productivity. However, when the device is used for drying materials, the dried materials are in a static state in the drying process, and the problem of uniformity of the dried materials cannot be solved. In addition, the patent can not solve the problem of adhesion and caking of the product, and is not suitable for high-sugar conditioning materials. The utility model is characterized in that a pulse spouted bed structure is adopted to realize space movement in the process of radio frequency drying of materials, thereby achieving the purpose of uniform drying, and meanwhile, negative pressure pulse is adopted to cooperate with normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying, thereby solving the problem of adhesion in the process of normal pressure drying of high-sugar conditioned materials.
Zhang, sun Jincai, zhong Jifeng, yan Weijiang (2008) and the like disclose spouting assist methods for improving the uniformity of microwave drying of granular fruits and vegetables (patent application No. 200810244418.1). The utility model adopts two airflow fields to carry out microwave spouted drying, and the water content of the dried product is below 6 percent. However, the patent is suitable for fruit and vegetable drying without conditioning liquid pretreatment or low-sugar conditioning liquid, and for fruits and vegetables pretreated with high sugar, the patent is difficult to realize spatial movement and uniform dispersion of conditioning fruit and vegetable particles, and can not solve the problems of product adhesion, caking and the like in the drying process. In addition, the patent has low microwave penetration depth, and the problems of uneven drying products, low drying processing capacity and the like are easy to occur. The utility model is characterized in that negative pressure pulse is adopted to cooperate with normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying, thereby improving the space movement effect of conditioning fruit and vegetable particles and effectively solving the problem of adhesiveness of conditioning fruit and vegetable drying; meanwhile, the quality of the dried product is improved, the drying productivity is increased, and the drying energy consumption is reduced.
Jiang Shuiquan, sun Fang, sun Tong (2016) disclose a "combined drying process for removing moisture from fruit" (patent application number CN 201610109806.3). The method adopts the combined drying technology of hot air drying, radio frequency drying and microwave pulse spouted drying for drying the fruits, improves the drying efficiency, reduces the product loss and is suitable for drying the fruits with high sugar content. However, the patent has complicated drying procedures, difficult connection of drying equipment and is not suitable for drying and processing high-sugar conditioning fruits. The utility model has the advantages that the integrated drying equipment of the radio frequency spouted bed is adopted, and meanwhile, the negative pressure pulse technology is adopted, so that the space movement effect of the conditioned fruits and vegetables is improved, the adhesion problem in the drying process of the fruits and vegetables is effectively solved, and the method is suitable for drying and processing the high-sugar conditioned fruits and vegetables; meanwhile, the utility model can also improve the quality of the dried product, increase the drying productivity and reduce the drying energy consumption.
Liu Yangong, li Xin, xie Yongkang, zhang Yue, liao Qian discloses "a non-fried yacon crisp and a processing method thereof" (patent application number CN 201710317730.8). The utility model adopts fructo-oligosaccharide, citric acid and salt conditioning liquid to impregnate fresh yacon slices, and utilizes the radio frequency hot air combined drying technology to prepare yacon crisp slices, and has the advantages of simple processing technology, convenient operation and lower cost. However, the conditioning saussurea involucrata slices are in a static or plane motion state in the radio frequency drying process, so that the problem of uneven drying exists, and in addition, the conditioning saussurea involucrata slices are not suitable for drying high sugar and multilayer conditioning saussurea involucrata slices. The utility model is characterized in that a pulse spouted bed structure is adopted to replace a conveyer belt structure, so that the conversion from planar motion to space motion state in the radio frequency drying process of materials is realized, and the aim of uniform drying is fulfilled. Meanwhile, the utility model adopts a negative pressure pulse cooperated with normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying technology and a device, so as to solve the problem of adhesion in the drying process of the high-sugar conditioning fruit and vegetable products.
Xie Yongkang, lin Yawen, zhu Anfei, yu Xianlong, xue Lingyang, gao Zhenjiang, liu Yangong have conducted radio frequency drying system structural optimization and experimental studies based on heating uniformity (journal of agricultural engineering, 2018, 34 (5): 248-255). The research adopts a method of combining radio frequency drying with hot air convection technology and layering loading, solves the problems of hot offset and corner effect of the radio frequency drying of corn seeds, and improves the uniformity of the radio frequency drying. The utility model has the difference that the material is dried in the spouted bed between the electrode plates, the material moves in a timing space in the radio frequency drying process, the uniform drying of the material is realized, and meanwhile, the negative pressure pulse is adopted to cooperate with the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying technology and the device, so that the problem of adhesion in the high-viscosity material drying process is solved.
In a word, the negative pressure pulse cooperated with the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and the high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality processing method are not reported in the related literature at home, and papers and patents are not searched at present abroad. The utility model is an innovation of the high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality drying technology for agricultural products and foods under normal pressure, and fills the gap of the technology in China.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to overcome the defects, and provides a negative pressure pulse and normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device and application thereof, and a method and a device for realizing normal pressure efficient, energy-saving, low-cost, green and high-quality drying of agricultural products and foods under the conditions of negative pressure pulse, radio frequency and spouted bed cooperation.
The technical scheme of the utility model is that the negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device comprises an air filter, a blower, a heat exchanger, a gas-solid separator, a dehumidifying fan, a radio frequency heating cavity, a spouted bed, a left electrode plate, a right electrode plate, a product collector, a cooler, a refrigerating unit, a vacuum pump and a control cabinet;
the air filter is connected with the air blower, and the air blower is connected with the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with an outlet of the spouted bed, an inlet of the spouted bed is connected with a gas-solid separator, the gas-solid separator is connected with a moisture-pumping fan, and the moisture-pumping fan is connected with the heat exchanger; the inlet of the spouted bed is also connected with a cooler, and the cooler is respectively connected with a refrigerating unit and a vacuum pump;
the spouted bed is arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity, a left electrode plate is arranged on one side of the spouted bed, a right electrode plate is arranged on the other side of the spouted bed, and the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate are both arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity; the lower part of the spouted bed is connected with a product collector;
also comprises a control cabinet.
The device also comprises a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve, a normal pressure electromagnetic valve, a circulating electromagnetic valve, a pulse electromagnetic valve, a feeding valve, an air inlet and discharging switcher, a negative pressure electromagnetic valve, a radio frequency conveying line and a radio frequency generator;
the heat exchanger is connected with an air inlet and discharge switcher through a pulse electromagnetic valve, and the air inlet and discharge switcher is connected with an outlet of the spouted bed; the inlet of the spouted bed is connected with the gas-solid separator through a normal pressure electromagnetic valve; the inlet of the spouted bed is also connected with a cooler through a negative pressure electromagnetic valve;
the dehumidifying fan is connected with the heat exchanger through a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve, and is also connected with the pulse electromagnetic valve through a circulating electromagnetic valve;
the right electrode plate is connected with the radio frequency generator through a radio frequency conveying line;
the control cabinet is connected with each part through a circuit.
The temperature and humidity meter and the optical fiber sensor are also included; the outlet of the gas-solid separator is provided with a hygrothermograph; and an optical fiber sensor is arranged on the spouted bed.
The device also comprises a viewing window; and an observation window is arranged on the radio frequency heating cavity.
The control cabinet is connected with the air blower and controls the start and stop and the rotating speed of the air blower; the control cabinet is connected with the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve and controls the start and stop of the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve; the control cabinet is connected with the hygrothermograph and used for detecting the temperature and the humidity of air in the spouted bed and feeding back signals to the control cabinet; the control cabinet is connected with the normal pressure electromagnetic valve and controls the start and stop of the normal pressure electromagnetic valve; the control cabinet is connected with the circulating electromagnetic valve and controls the starting and stopping of the circulating electromagnetic valve; the control cabinet is connected with the dehumidifying fan and used for controlling the start and stop and the rotating speed of the dehumidifying fan; the control cabinet is connected with the pulse electromagnetic valve and controls the start and stop of the pulse electromagnetic valve; the control cabinet is connected with the air inlet and discharge switcher and is used for switching and controlling the air inlet and discharge switcher; the control cabinet is connected with an optical fiber sensor, and the optical fiber sensor is used for detecting the temperature of materials in the spouted bed and feeding back signals to the control cabinet; the control cabinet is connected with the negative pressure electromagnetic valve and controls the start and stop of the negative pressure electromagnetic valve; the control cabinet is connected with the refrigerating unit and controls the starting and stopping of the refrigerating unit; the control cabinet is connected with the vacuum pump and controls the start and stop of the vacuum pump; the control cabinet is connected with the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate and controls the distance between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate; the control cabinet is connected with the radio frequency generator and controls the start and stop and the power of the radio frequency generator.
The material in the spouted bed is heated under the action of the radio frequency field between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, the water content of the material is evaporated under the action of the blower and the dehumidifying fan, and the space movement and uniform dispersion of the material are realized under the action of negative pressure pulse spouting.
The emission frequency of the radio frequency generator is 27.12MHz, the maximum power is 50kw, the power adjusting range is 0-50kw, the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate are vertically arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity, the radio frequency power is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, the distance adjusting range between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate is 200-1000mm, and the radio frequency heating cavity is provided with an observation window which can observe the state change of materials in the spouted bed during drying.
The spouted bed is cylindrical, two ends of the spouted bed are closed, the spouted bed is made of glass, the outer diameter of the cylindrical part is 200-500mm, the wall thickness is 5-15mm, the height is 500-2000mm, the two ends of the spouted bed are turned and frosted, the outer diameter of the ports is 100-300mm, the wall thickness is 5-12mm, the taper angle is 30-60 degrees, the taper is 200-500mm, and the side surface of the lower part of the spouted bed is provided with a pipe hole with the diameter of 1-2mm for installing an optical fiber sensor.
The spouted bed is vertically arranged between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, is fixed in the radio frequency heating cavity through a metal flange, a tetrafluoro ring and a vacuum sealing material, an inlet at the upper part of the spouted bed is connected with a four-way metal pipeline through the metal flange, an outlet at the lower part of the spouted bed is connected with an air inlet and discharge switcher through the metal flange, and the air inlet and discharge switcher is sealed with an outlet flange of the spouted bed in vacuum.
The material in the spouted bed is heated in a radio frequency field between the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, and wet air in the spouted bed is discharged through the blower, the heat exchanger, the pulse electromagnetic valve and the dehumidifying fan, so that the drying of the material normal-pressure radio frequency pulse spouted bed is realized.
In the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying process, a refrigerating unit and a vacuum pump are started, a negative pressure electromagnetic valve is opened, and the spouted bed is switched from a normal pressure working state to a negative pressure pulse working state; under the negative pressure working state of the spouted bed, the pulse electromagnetic valve is opened, heated air enters the spouted bed in a pulse mode, and materials in the spouted bed are spatially moved and uniformly dispersed, so that the uniform radio-frequency spouted bed drying of the materials is realized.
In the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying process, high temperature and high humidity air discharged from the upper part of the spouted bed device enters a heat exchanger through a gas-solid separator through a dehumidifying fan and a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve, and is discharged after waste heat is exchanged, so that the drying waste heat recovery is realized.
In the normal pressure radio frequency spouted drying process, according to the humidity set value of the hygrothermograph, the normal pressure electromagnetic valve is opened, the dehumidifying fan is started, the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve is closed, the circulating electromagnetic valve and the pulse electromagnetic valve are opened, the low-humidity hot air in the spouted bed is recycled, and the drying waste heat recycling is realized.
According to the material spouting height in the spouted bed, the opening degree of the pulse electromagnetic valve and the rotating speeds of the blower and the dehumidifying fan are automatically adjusted, the air flow entering the spouted bed is controlled, and the crushing of the dried product and the loss of hot air are reduced.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. the drying efficiency is improved, and the energy consumption is reduced: the radio frequency has the characteristic of internal heat source, so that the wet material is heated and dried integrally, and the heat transfer resistance is eliminated; because of the rapid evaporation of the moisture in the material, a large pressure difference is formed inside and outside the product, the evaporation of the moisture is accelerated, the drying rate is improved, and the drying time is shortened; meanwhile, the drying waste heat circulation and recovery are realized, and the energy loss is reduced.
2. Improving uniformity and processing capacity of the dried product: compared with microwaves and infrared rays, the radio frequency has higher penetrating power, and the radio frequency combined pulse spouted bed drying technology not only improves the radio frequency drying uniformity of materials, but also improves the radio frequency drying processing capability.
3. The quality of the dried product is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced: product adhesion, poor quality and high labor intensity in the traditional hot air drying process of the high-viscosity materials adopt a negative pressure pulse and normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed fusion drying technology to realize space movement and uniform dispersion of the materials in the drying process, and solve the problems of adhesion, agglomeration, crushing, time and labor waste and the like of the high-viscosity materials in the traditional hot air drying process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a system of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the present utility model.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. the device comprises an air filter, 2, a blower, 3, a heat exchanger, 4, a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve, 5, a temperature and humidity instrument, 6, a gas-solid separator, 7, a normal pressure electromagnetic valve, 8, a dehumidifying fan, 9, a circulating electromagnetic valve, 10, a pulse electromagnetic valve, 11, a feeding valve, 12, a radio frequency heating cavity, 13, a spouted bed, 14, a left electrode plate, 15, a right electrode plate, 16, an observation window, 17, an optical fiber sensor, 18, an air inlet and discharge switcher, 19, a product collector, 20, a negative pressure electromagnetic valve, 21, a cooler, 22, a refrigerating unit, 23, a vacuum pump, 24, a radio frequency conveying line, 25, a radio frequency generator, 26 and a control cabinet.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a negative pressure pulse cooperated with normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device comprises: the air filter 1, the blower 2, the heat exchanger 3, the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4, the hygrothermograph 5, the gas-solid separator 6, the normal pressure electromagnetic valve 7, the dehumidifying fan 8, the circulating electromagnetic valve 9, the pulse electromagnetic valve 10, the feed valve 11, the radio frequency heating cavity 12, the spouted bed 13, the left electrode plate 14, the right electrode plate 15, the observation window 16, the optical fiber sensor 17, the air inlet and discharge switcher 18, the product collector 19, the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 20, the cooler 21, the refrigerating unit 22, the vacuum pump 23, the radio frequency conveying line 24, the radio frequency generator 25, the control cabinet 26 and the like.
The air filter 1 is a device for removing impurities in air entering the spouted bed 13, the blower 2 is used for conveying purified air to the heat exchanger 3, and the heat exchanger 3 is an air heating device; the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4 controls the high-temperature and high-humidity air to be discharged after exchanging heat through the heat exchanger 3, the hygrothermograph 5 monitors the temperature and humidity change of the air in the spouted bed 13, the gas-solid separator 6 separates materials carried in the exhaust of the spouted bed 13, the dehumidifying fan 8 conveys the dry and wet air in the spouted bed 13 to the heat exchanger 3 and simultaneously conveys the dry and wet air to the spouted bed 13 for recycling, and the circulating electromagnetic valve 9 controls the low-humidity air to enter the spouted bed 13 for recycling; the radio frequency heating cavity 12 is an electrode plate protecting device, and the left electrode plate 14 and the right electrode plate 15 are devices for generating a radio frequency field; the pulse electromagnetic valve 10 controls the frequency of air entering the spouted bed 13 and the air inlet time; the normal pressure electromagnetic valve 7 controls the spouted bed 13 to work in a normal pressure state, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 20 controls the spouted bed 13 to work in a negative pressure state; the feeding valve 11 is an inlet for wet materials to enter the spouted bed 13, the spouted bed 13 is a constant-negative pressure radio frequency drying bin for the materials, the observation window 16 is used for observing the drying state of the materials in the spouted bed, the air inlet and discharge switcher 18 controls the connection sequence of the pulse electromagnetic valve 10 and the product collector 19 and the spouted bed 13, the air inlet of the air inlet and discharge switcher 18 is provided with a distribution plate, and the product collector 19 collects the dried products of the spouted bed through the air inlet and discharge switcher 18; the cooler 21 is connected with a refrigerating unit 22 for reducing the temperature of the wet air entering the inlet of a vacuum pump 23; the rf generator 25 generates rf, and transmits the rf to the right electrode plate 15 through the rf transmission line 24 to provide energy required for drying the materials, and the control cabinet 26 performs setting, detection and monitoring of process parameters and operation control of each component (as shown in fig. 2).
The utility model adopts the technology of combining negative pressure pulse spouting, radio frequency heating and pulse spouted bed drying, improves the material drying efficiency, shortens the drying time, reduces the drying energy consumption, improves the drying quality and low-carbon increment drying, solves the problems of high-viscosity material drying adhesion, low quality, time and labor waste and the like, and realizes the normal-pressure high-efficiency energy-saving high-quality drying of agricultural products and foods.
Application example 1 method for conditioning Korean vegetable particles by negative pressure pulse and normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying
Taking 5kg of washed and cut Korean vegetables (10 x10 mm), placing the Korean vegetables into hot water with the temperature of 95-98 ℃ to remove the green for 60s (the heating time of the Korean vegetables is controlled within 10 s), taking out, cooling, draining, weighing, adding 15% glucose powder according to the weight of the Korean vegetables after the green removal, uniformly stirring, standing for 5min, and then placing the Korean vegetables into a spouted bed (nonstandard, diameter 400mm, height 1000 mm) 13 through a feed valve 11. Before loading, the air inlet and outlet switch 18 is started to ensure that the air inlet is connected with the outlet of the spouted bed 13.
And starting a blower (HG-550S) 2, a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4, a dehumidifying fan (HG-750S) 8, a pulse electromagnetic valve 10, a normal pressure electromagnetic valve 7 and a radio frequency generator (SO-06B) 25 to perform normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying of the conditioning Korean vegetables. In the drying process, the material temperature set value is 70 ℃, the distance between the left electrode plate 14 and the right electrode plate 15 (length 1000m and width 500 mm) is automatically adjusted according to the temperature set value, the material temperature is detected by the optical fiber sensor 17, and the temperature value and the electrode plate distance are recorded every 1 min.
The temperature of the cooler (nonstandard, diameter 600mm, height 1000 mm) 21 is set to 0+ -2deg.C, the vacuum degree is 8+ -1 kPa, and the refrigerating unit (motor power 2kW, refrigerating medium R22) 22 and vacuum pump (LD-60A) 23 are turned on. Closing the normal pressure electromagnetic valve 7, the dehumidifying fan 8 and the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4, opening the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 20, and entering a negative pressure pulse spouting working state, wherein the spouting parameters are as follows: the spraying frequency is 2 times/min, the spraying time is 0.2s, the spraying time of each negative pressure pulse is 1min, and then the drying is carried out by switching to the normal pressure radio frequency spraying bed. And the drying of the constant and negative pressure pulse spouted bed is alternately performed for 10min.
When the humidity value of the hygrothermograph (IAQ-2-TH-F04) 5 is lower than a set value (35%), the circulation electromagnetic valve 9 is opened, the moisture discharging electromagnetic valve 4 and the blower 2 are closed, and the low-humidity air circulation work in the spouted bed 13 is carried out. When the humidity value of the hygrothermograph 5 is higher than a set value (35%), the circulation electromagnetic valve 9 is closed, and the moisture-discharging electromagnetic valve 4 and the blower 2 are opened. This process is automatically repeated until the drying is completed. After the drying is finished, the radio frequency generator 25, the vacuum pump 23, the refrigerating unit 22, the blower 2 and the dehumidifying fan 8 are sequentially stopped, the air inlet and discharge switcher 18 is started, the discharge port is connected with the spouted bed outlet, and the product collector 19 is used for collecting the dried and conditioned Korean vegetable granular products.
Method for drying apple particles by using negative pressure pulse and normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed in cooperation with application example 2
Taking 5kg of cleaned, peeled, stoned and cut (10 x10 mm) apple particles, adding 5% glucose powder according to the weight of the apple particles, uniformly stirring, standing for 10min, then opening a feed valve 11, and putting the conditioned apple particles into a spouted bed (nonstandard, diameter 400mm and height 1000 mm) 13. Before feeding, the air inlet and discharge switcher 18 is opened to ensure that the air inlet is connected with the outlet of the spouted bed 13.
And starting a blower (HG-550S) 2, a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4, a dehumidifying fan (HG-750S) 8, a pulse electromagnetic valve 10, an atmospheric electromagnetic valve 7 and a radio frequency generator (SO-06B) 25 to perform normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying of the conditioned apple particles. In the drying process, the temperature set value of the material is 60 ℃, the radio frequency power is automatically regulated according to the temperature set value, the radio frequency power is regulated through the distance between the left electrode plate 14 and the right electrode plate 15 (the length is 1000m and the width is 500 mm), the temperature of the material is detected by the optical fiber sensor 17, and the temperature value and the electrode plate distance are recorded every 1 min.
The temperature of the cooler (nonstandard, diameter 600mm, height 1000 mm) 21 was set to 0.+ -. 2 ℃ and the vacuum degree to 7.+ -.1 kPa, and the refrigerating unit (motor power 2kW, refrigerant R22) 22 and vacuum pump (LD-60A) 23 were turned on. Closing the normal pressure electromagnetic valve 7, the dehumidifying fan 8 and the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4, opening the negative pressure electromagnetic valve 20, and entering a drying working state of the negative pressure pulse radio frequency spouted bed, wherein the spouted parameters are as follows: the spraying frequency is 4 times/min, the spraying time is 0.2s, the spraying working time of each negative pressure pulse is 2min, and then the drying working state of the normal pressure radio frequency spraying bed is switched. And the drying of the constant and negative pressure pulse spouted bed is alternately performed for 8min.
When the humidity value of the hygrothermograph (IAQ-2-TH-F04) 5 is lower than a set value (30%), the circulation electromagnetic valve 9 is opened, the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve 4 and the blower 2 are closed, and the low-humidity air circulation work in the spouted bed 13 is carried out. When the humidity value of the hygrothermograph 5 is higher than a set value (30%), the circulation electromagnetic valve 9 is closed, and the moisture-discharging electromagnetic valve 4 and the blower 2 are opened. This process is automatically repeated until the drying is completed. After the drying is finished, the radio frequency generator 25, the vacuum pump 23, the refrigerating unit 22, the blower 2 and the dehumidifying fan 8 are sequentially stopped, the air inlet and discharge switcher 18 is started, the discharge port is connected with the spouted bed outlet, and the dried and conditioned apple particle products are collected through the product collector 19.
Claims (7)
1. Negative pressure pulse cooperatees ordinary pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device, its characterized in that: the device comprises an air filter (1), a blower (2), a heat exchanger (3), a gas-solid separator (6), a dehumidifying fan (8), a radio-frequency heating cavity (12), a spouted bed (13), a left electrode plate (14), a right electrode plate (15), a product collector (19), a cooler (21), a refrigerating unit (22), a vacuum pump (23) and a control cabinet (26);
the device also comprises a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4), an atmospheric electromagnetic valve (7), a circulating electromagnetic valve (9), a pulse electromagnetic valve (10), a feed valve (11), an air inlet and discharge switcher (18), a negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20), a radio frequency conveying line (24) and a radio frequency generator (25);
the feed valve (11) is arranged above the inlet of the spouted bed (13);
the air filter (1) is connected with the air blower (2), and the air blower (2) is connected with the heat exchanger (3); the heat exchanger (3) is connected with an outlet of the spouted bed (13), an inlet of the spouted bed (13) is connected with the gas-solid separator (6), the gas-solid separator (6) is connected with the dehumidifying fan (8), and the dehumidifying fan (8) is connected with the heat exchanger (3); the inlet of the spouted bed (13) is also connected with a cooler (21), and the cooler (21) is respectively connected with a refrigerating unit (22) and a vacuum pump (23);
the spouted bed (13) is arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity (12), a left electrode plate (14) is arranged on one side of the spouted bed (13), a right electrode plate (15) is arranged on the other side of the spouted bed, and the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15) are both arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity (12); the lower part of the spouted bed (13) is connected with a product collector (19);
also comprises a control cabinet (26);
the heat exchanger (3) is connected with an air inlet and discharge switcher (18) through a pulse electromagnetic valve (10), and the air inlet and discharge switcher (18) is connected with an outlet of the spouted bed (13); the inlet of the spouted bed (13) is connected with the gas-solid separator (6) through the normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7); the inlet of the spouted bed (13) is also connected with a cooler (21) through a negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20);
the dehumidifying fan (8) is connected with the heat exchanger (3) through a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4), and the dehumidifying fan (8) is also connected with the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) through a circulating electromagnetic valve (9);
the right electrode plate (15) is connected with a radio frequency generator (25) through a radio frequency conveying line (24);
the control cabinet (26) is connected with all the components through a circuit;
the temperature and humidity meter (5) and the optical fiber sensor (17) are also included; an outlet of the gas-solid separator (6) is provided with a hygrothermograph (5); an optical fiber sensor (17) is arranged on the spouted bed (13);
also comprises a viewing window (16); an observation window (16) is arranged on the radio frequency heating cavity (12).
2. The negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to claim 1, wherein: the control cabinet (26) is connected with the air feeder (2), and the control cabinet (26) controls the start and stop and the rotating speed of the air feeder (2); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4) and controls the start and stop of the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the hygrothermograph (5), and the hygrothermograph (5) is controlled to detect the temperature and the humidity of air in the spouted bed (13) and feed back signals to the control cabinet (26); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7) and controls the start and stop of the normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the dehumidifying fan (8) and controls the start and stop and the rotating speed of the dehumidifying fan (8); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the circulating electromagnetic valve (9) and controls the starting and stopping of the circulating electromagnetic valve (9); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) and controls the start and stop of the pulse electromagnetic valve (10); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the air inlet and outlet switcher (18) and is used for switching and controlling the air inlet and outlet switcher (18); the control cabinet (26) is connected with an optical fiber sensor (17), and the optical fiber sensor (17) is used for detecting the temperature of materials in the spouted bed (13) and feeding back signals to the control cabinet (26); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20) and controls the starting and stopping of the negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the refrigerating unit (22) and controls the starting and stopping of the refrigerating unit (22); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the vacuum pump (23) and controls the start and stop of the vacuum pump (23); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15) and controls the distance between the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15); the control cabinet (26) is connected with the radio frequency generator (25) and controls the start and stop and the power of the radio frequency generator (25).
3. The negative pressure pulse cooperated normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to claim 1, wherein: the spouted bed (13) is of a cylindrical structure, two ends of the spouted bed are closed, the material is glass, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 200-500mm, the wall thickness is 5-15mm, the height is 800-2000mm, the flanges at the two ends are frosted, the outer diameter of the ports is 100-300mm, the wall thickness is 5-12mm, the taper angle is 30-60 degrees, and the taper height is 100-500mm.
4. Use of a negative pressure pulse in combination with an atmospheric pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the air filter (1) eliminates impurities in the air entering the spouted bed (13), the blower (2) conveys purified air to the heat exchanger (3), and the heat exchanger (3) heats the air; the dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4) controls high-temperature and high-humidity air to be discharged after exchanging heat through the heat exchanger (3), the hygrothermograph (5) monitors the temperature and humidity change of air in the spouted bed (13), the gas-solid separator (6) separates materials carried in exhaust gas of the spouted bed (13), the dehumidifying fan (8) conveys dry humid air in the spouted bed (13) to the heat exchanger (3) and conveys the dry humid air to the spouted bed (13) for recycling, and the circulating electromagnetic valve (9) controls low-humidity air to enter the spouted bed (13) for recycling; the radio frequency heating cavity (12) is an electrode plate protection device, and the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15) are devices for generating a radio frequency field; the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) controls the frequency of air entering the spouted bed (13) and the air inlet time; the normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7) controls the spouted bed (13) to work in a normal pressure state, and the negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20) controls the spouted bed (13) to work in a negative pressure state; the feeding valve (11) is an inlet for wet materials to enter the spouted bed (13), and the spouted bed (13) is a constant and negative pressure radio frequency drying bin for the materials; the observation window (16) is used for observing the drying state of the materials in the spouted bed; the air inlet and discharge switcher (18) controls the connection sequence of the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) and the product collector (19) with the spouted bed (13), a distribution plate is arranged at an air inlet of the air inlet and discharge switcher (18), and the product collector (19) collects dry materials of the spouted bed (13) through the air inlet and discharge switcher (18); the cooler (21) is connected with a refrigerating unit (22) and is used for reducing the temperature of the wet air entering the inlet of the vacuum pump (23); the radio frequency generator (25) generates radio frequency, and the radio frequency is transmitted to the right electrode plate (15) through the radio frequency conveying line (24) to provide energy required by material drying, and the control cabinet (26) is used for setting, detecting and monitoring process parameters and controlling the operation of each component.
5. The use of a negative pressure pulse cooperated with an atmospheric pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to claim 4, wherein: the radio frequency generator (25) generates radio frequency with the frequency of 27.12MHz and the radio frequency power adjusting range of 0-50kw; the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15) are vertically arranged in the radio frequency heating cavity (12), the distance between the left electrode plate (14) and the right electrode plate (15) simultaneously moves inwards or outwards at the center positions of the left electrode plate and the right electrode plate, and the distance adjusting range is 200-1000mm.
6. The use of a negative pressure pulse cooperated with an atmospheric pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to claim 5, wherein: after the air is subjected to impurity removal through an air filter (1), the air is heated through a heat exchanger (3), enters a spouted bed (13) through a blower (2) and a pulse electromagnetic valve (10), contacts with materials, and is subjected to normal-pressure radio-frequency spouted bed drying under the action of a radio-frequency field between a left electrode plate (14) and a right electrode plate (15) and a dehumidifying fan (8).
7. The use of a negative pressure pulse cooperated with an atmospheric pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying device according to claim 6, wherein: in the drying process of the radio frequency pulse spouted bed, a refrigeration unit (22) and a vacuum pump (23) are started by closing a normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7), a dehumidifying fan (8), a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4) and a circulating electromagnetic valve (9), a negative pressure electromagnetic valve (20) is opened, and the spouted bed (13) is switched from a normal pressure working state to a negative pressure working state;
the heating air enters the spouted bed (13) in a pulse mode through the timing control of the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) and the control cabinet (26), and the materials generate space three-dimensional movement and are uniformly dispersed;
in the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying process, high temperature and high humidity air discharged from a spouted bed (13), a normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7), a gas-solid separator (6), a moisture extraction fan (8) and a moisture discharge electromagnetic valve (4) enter a heat exchanger (3), exchange heat and then are discharged;
in the normal pressure radio frequency spouted bed drying process, according to the set value of a hygrothermograph (5), opening a normal pressure electromagnetic valve (7), starting a dehumidifying fan (8), closing a dehumidifying electromagnetic valve (4), opening a circulating electromagnetic valve (9) and a pulse electromagnetic valve (10), and recycling low-humidity hot air in a spouted bed (13) to realize the recycling of waste heat;
according to the material spouting height in the spouted bed (13), the opening degree of the pulse electromagnetic valve (10) and the rotating speeds of the blower (2) and the dehumidifying fan (8) are automatically adjusted, and the air flow entering the spouted bed (13) is controlled.
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| CN115869651B (en) * | 2023-02-13 | 2024-05-03 | 西北农林科技大学 | Solid-liquid extraction system based on radio frequency waves |
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