CN106537823A - 使用固定卫星服务对机载平台和地面终端的宽带接入的提供 - Google Patents
使用固定卫星服务对机载平台和地面终端的宽带接入的提供 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述系统和方法,其使用固定卫星服务(FSS)和直接广播服务(DBS)系统的下行链路和上行链路频率带来提供对包含飞机、遥控飞机和无人机(UAV)例如气球的航空平台的宽带接入。辅助服务航空平台发射器配置成避免到主卫星服务接收器中的干扰。航空平台可以能够检测并且连接到具有最强信号的小区站点。航空平台可以能够从一个小区站点切换到另一个小区站点。描述系统和方法,其经由诸如无人驾驶飞机和UAV例如气球的航空平台来提供对地面终端的宽带接入。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2014年2月17日提交的美国临时专利申请序号61/940805、2014年2月28日提交的美国临时专利申请序号61/946575以及2014年5月21日提交的美国非临时专利申请序号14/284079的优先权。
背景技术
诸如飞机、气球、软式飞艇和遥控飞机或无人机(UAV)的许多航空平台可期望宽带接入。
联邦通信委员会(FCC)近来已经发布建议规则制定通知(NPRM),以便允许使用Ku或14-14.5 GHz频带供空对地(ATG)系统的使用。将14-14.5 GHz频带用于ATG部署对于保护这个频带中的现有卫星服务是可能的。ATG小区站点必须按照如实现将由FCC所强加的朝向对地静止卫星的低发射极限的这种方式来设计。14至14.5 GHz频带主要用于对地静止卫星系统的上行链路。
对于以非干扰为基础用于ATG应用的候选的另一个频谱带是用于卫星下行链路的频谱,例如用于卫星直接广播服务(DBS)的12-12.7 GHz频带以及用于固定卫星服务(FSS)的下行链路的11.7-12.2 GHz。
11.7-12.2 GHz和11.2-12.7 GHz频带在美国、所谓的2区是可用的。DBS和FSS频带在Ku (12-18 GHz)频带的不同部分中在其他区也是可用的。还存在本公开的技术也可应用到的C和Ka频带中可用的FSS频谱。Ka频带下行链路和上行链路FSS频谱分别处于18-20 GHz和26.5-40 GHz范围中。所指定范围中的下行链路和上行链路的准确位置取决于世界的特定区。C频带下行链路和上行链路处于3.7-4.2 GHz和5.925-6.425 GHz范围中。
因此,存在对于一种系统的需要,该系统在没有干扰现有卫星接收器/服务的情况下利用FSS和DBS频带的下行链路和上行链路来提供到航空平台终端以及地面终端的因特网连通性。
发明内容
本公开描述用于使用固定卫星服务(FSS)和直接广播卫星(DBS)频谱作为辅助服务来提供对诸如飞机、气球、软式飞艇和遥控飞机或无人机(UAV)的航空平台的宽带因特网接入的系统的方面。
一些实施例提供用于提供对航空平台的宽带接入的系统和方法。一种系统可包含:航空平台,由无线电发射器子系统、无线电接收器子系统、处理器子系统、存储器子系统和天线子系统来组成。该系统的覆盖区域可划分为小区站点,其中小区站点无线电设备由放置在每个小区站点的上角和下角处的处理器子系统、存储器子系统、天线子系统和陆地因特网连通性子系统来组成。该系统还可包含小区站点的第一角(上角或下角)处的无线无线电发射器子系统以及小区站点的第二剩余角处的无线无线电接收器。
一些实施例提供通过使航空平台从仅位于小区站点的第一角处的无线电天线子系统接收数据并且仅向小区站点的第二角的无线电子系统传送数据来确保航空平台与小区站点设备之间所有无线无线电传输在一个方向(由北至南或者由南至北,这取决于系统是部署在北半球中还是南半球中)上的系统和方法。
一些实施例提供系统和方法,该系统和方法用于经由工作在除了用于与航空平台进行通信的频率之外的可能的第二频率上的陆地网络或第二无线网络来连接每个站点的第一角和第二角处的小区站点设备以及相邻小区站点;用于位于小区站点的第一角处的小区站点无线电子系统以便向航空平台发送信令消息;以及用于位于小区站点的第二角处的无线电子系统以便从航空平台接收信令消息,并且将信令消息转发到相同小区站点的第一角处的小区站点设备。
一些实施例提供系统和方法,该系统和方法用于航空平台发射天线以在到接收小区站点的较短距离处降低其发射天线增益,以便保持路径损耗加上发射天线增益的几乎恒定总和,而与航空平台和接收小区站点天线之间的距离无关。小区站点发射天线还包含系统和方法,其用来在到航空平台的较短距离处降低其发射天线增益,以便保持路径损耗加上发射天线增益的几乎恒定总和,而与航空平台和发射小区站点天线之间的距离无关。
一些实施例提供系统和方法,其允许:航空平台无线电子系统测量从位于小区站点的第一角处的附近小区站点发射器所接收的信标信号;航空平台向位于小区站点的第二角处的接收器无线电子系统(从其中它接收具有最强信号质量的信标)发送关联/连接请求消息;小区站点的第二角处的接收小区站点无线电子系统响应于关联消息而向小区站点的第一角处的小区站点无线电子系统发送确认消息;以及小区站点的第一角处的小区站点无线电发射器将关联确认消息转发到航空平台,以完成关联/连接。
一些实施例提供系统和方法,其允许:航空平台无线电子系统接收器测量来自从位于小区站点的第一角处的小区站点无线电子系统发射器所发送的信号的下行链路信号质量,并且基于测量信号质量来确定最高可达到下行链路数据速率(称作下行链路数据速率指示符(DDRI));位于小区站点的第二角处的小区站点无线电子系统接收器测量由航空平台在上行链路所发送的信号的信号质量,并且基于测量信号质量来确定最高可达到上行链路数据速率(称作上行链路数据速率指示符(UDRI));小区站点的第二角处的小区站点设备向小区站点的第一角处的小区设备发送UDRI,并且第一角的无线电子系统发射器向航空平台发送UDRI;航空平台无线电子系统向小区站点的第二角处的接收无线电子系统发送DDRI,第二角处的小区站点设备向第一角的小区站点设备发送DDRI;以及第一角处的小区站点设备使用DDRI来确定向航空平台要进行传送的数据速率。
一些实施例提供系统和方法,该系统和方法检测对于从一个小区站点到另一个小区站点的切换的需要,并且执行切换,由此:航空平台无线电子系统测量位于附近小区站点的第一角处的小区站点无线电发射器的信标信号强度;航空平台无线电或处理器子系统基于测量信标信号质量来确定第二小区站点的信标信号的信号强度是否处于当前服务于航空平台的第一小区站点的信标信号的某个阈值之内,即,是否需要到第二小区站点的切换;航空平台无线电子系统向位于第一小区站点的第二角处的小区站点无线电接收器发送请求到第二小区站点的切换的切换请求消息;以及位于第一服务小区站点的第二角处的小区站点设备将切换请求消息转发到位于第一小区站点的第一角处的小区站点设备以及航空平台已请求到其的切换的第二小区站点,以完成切换过程。
在一些实施例中,小区站点的第一角处的无线电子系统包含无线电接收器,以及小区站点的第二角处的无线电子系统包含无线电发射器。在其中小区站点的两个角处的小区站点设备包含无线电发射器和接收器的系统的实施例中:航空平台在FSS上行链路频率上向小区站点的第一角处的小区站点设备进行传送并且在FSS下行链路频率上从小区站点的第一角处的小区站点设备进行接收;航空平台在FSS下行链路频率上向小区站点的第二角处的小区站点设备进行传送并且在FSS上行链路频率上从小区站点的第二角处的小区站点设备进行接收;以及小区站点的一个角处的小区站点设备被识别为到因特网的锚(anchor),并且来自另一角处的小区站点设备的数据被发送给锚角以到达因特网。
在另一个实施例中,只有小区站点的南角具有无线电和天线子系统设备,以及航空平台无线电子系统在FSS下行链路频率上向南角处的小区站点无线电子系统进行传送,以及南角处的小区站点无线电子系统使用FSS上行链路频率向航空平台进行传送。
一些实施例提供使用航空平台来提供对地面终端的因特网接入的系统和方法。地面终端包括:处理器子系统;存储器子系统;无线电发射器,其对数据进行编码并且调制信号且使用FSS下行链路频率带的一个或多个向航空平台进行传送;无线电接收器单元,其对于在FSS下行链路频率带其中之一上从航空平台所接收的信号进行解调和解码;以及至少一个天线器材,其调谐到指向至少一个航空平台的一个或多个FSS下行链路。
在一些实施例中,地面终端处理器和无线电子系统控制一个天线指向其北方方向的航空平台,并且控制第二天线指向地面终端的南方的第二航空平台。此外,地面终端在FSS下行链路频率带上向其北方或南方(这取决于地面终端是位于北半球中还是南半球中)的航空平台进行传送,并且在FSS下行链路频率带上从第二航空平台进行接收。
在一些实施例中,地面终端在一个或多个FSS上行链路频率带上向部署在北半球中的多个终端的终端北方的两个航空平台其中之一进行传送,或者向部署在南半球中的多个终端的终端南方的航空平台进行传送;以及地面终端在一个或多个FSS上行链路频率带上从其北方或南方的航空平台其中之一或两者进行接收。在本公开的另一方面中,地面终端仅与其北方或南方的两个航空平台其中之一进行通信。
在一些实施例中,地面终端无线电子系统还通过对于将要经由比数据速率要宽的带宽所传送的数据进行扩展和编码,来降低发射功率频谱密度。此外,地面终端无线电子系统使用终端特定代码对于待传送终端数据进行编码,使得航空平台无线电子系统可对于在相同频率上从不同地面终端所接收的信号进行分离和解码。
在前简短总结意图用作对本发明的一些示范实施例的各种特征的简介。其他实施例可采取其他特定形式来实现,而没有背离本发明的精神。
附图说明
在所附权利要求书中阐述本发明的新特征。但是,为了便于说明,在下面附图中阐述本发明的若干实施例。
图1图示一些实施例的直接广播卫星服务系统的示意框图;
图2图示示出用于使用FSS或DBS频率带的下行链路频谱来提供对航空平台的宽带接入的一些实施例的系统的示意框图;
图3图示由一些实施例所使用的天线结构的概念表示;
图4图示一些实施例的地面终端无线电设备的示意框图;
图5图示示出航空平台传输与小区站点之间的角度的示意框图;
图6图示示出地面终端与小区站点之间的角度的示意框图;
图7A图示由航空平台用来检测小区站点信标并且建立与小区站点的连接的概念过程的流程图;
图7B图示小区站点可执行以建立与航空平台的连接的概念过程的流程图;
图8A图示由一些实施例用来确定航空平台和小区站点无线电子系统用来传送数据的数据速率的概念过程的流程图;
图8B图示由一些实施例用来确定航空平台和小区站点无线电子系统用来传送数据的数据速率的概念过程的流程图;
图9图示示出航空平台从一个小区站点到另一个小区站点的切换的示意框图;
图10A图示由一些实施例用来执行航空平台从第一服务小区站点到第二切换候选小区站点的切换的概念过程的流程图;
图10B图示由一些实施例用来执行航空平台从第一服务小区站点到第二切换候选小区站点的切换的概念过程的流程图;
图11图示适合使用FSS频率带的下行链路和上行链路来提供对航空平台的宽带接入的系统的示意框图;
图12图示适合经由航空平台来提供对地面终端的宽带接入的系统的示意框图;
图13图示使用FSS频带的下行链路和上行链路频率经由多个航空平台来提供对地面终端的宽带接入的系统的示意框图;
图14图示使用FSS频带的下行链路和上行链路频率经由单个航空平台来提供对地面终端的宽带接入的系统的示意框图;以及
图15在概念上图示采用其可实现本发明的一些实施例的计算机系统的示意框图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述属于执行本发明的示范实施例的当前最佳预期模式。本描述不是要在限制意义上进行,而只是为了便于图示本发明的一般原理来做出,因为本发明的范围通过所附权利要求书来最佳地限定。
以下描述各种发明特征,其各能够相互无关地使用或者与其他特征结合使用。广义来说,本发明的一些实施例一般提供共享C、Ku和Ka频带中的FSS和DBS频带的下行链路和上行链路的频谱以便在没有干扰现有卫星服务的情况下提供到航空平台以及到地面终端的因特网连通性的方式。一些实施例可使用卫星FSS和DBS频带的下行链路来以非干扰为基础提供到航空平台的因特网连通性。与下行链路频谱相结合的FSS频带的上行链路频谱可通过一些实施例用来提供到航空平台的因特网连通性。一些实施例可在使用航空平台作为转发器的同时使用FSS和DBS频带来提供到地面终端的因特网连通性。
图1示出地面终端卫星接收器120和对地静止卫星140。考虑卫星终端120,其位于北半球中、例如在美国大陆(CONUS)上方。终端天线124向南指向卫星140。卫星140在一般北方方向上向终端传送信息。接收来自卫星的信号的终端天线124具有指向卫星的高增益天线以及指向北方的低增益“后瓣”天线。因此,使用用于对地静止卫星FSS或DBS下行链路的频谱(例如美国的Ku频带或者世界其他区的类似频带的12.2-12.7或11.7-12.2 GHz)的任何辅助服务必须避免朝卫星终端天线124的主天线瓣进行传送。还存在本发明的实施例可应用的其他卫星FSS频带(例如Ka和C频带)。
为了避免干扰,辅助服务的传输应当朝南方方向进行,以免传送到卫星终端天线的主瓣中。此外,在主服务卫星接收器120的后瓣处所接收的辅助服务的信号必须足够低,例如以便不使卫星接收器的热噪声增加超过某个阈值(例如由辅助服务所引起的热噪声增加量(ROT)必须保持低于某个阈值)。对辅助服务所允许的ROT极限通常为1%或以下。对于放置在南半球中的终端,卫星天线将会指向北方,以及南半球中所部署的任何辅助服务将会需要避免向南方传送。
一般来说,辅助服务需要限制对卫星终端天线的背部的传输,以免干扰卫星服务。本文所述的系统和方法可利用北半球中所部署的示范系统。系统和方法对于南半球中所部署的系统是相同的,但是通过传输方向将会反转。
一些实施例可使用地面小区站点的网络来提供到诸如飞机或遥控飞机的航空平台的因特网连通性。图2示出六边形小区站点覆盖区域160、部署在区域160的南角处的小区站点110s (具有关联小区站点无线电子系统112)以及部署在区域160的北角处的小区站点110n(具有关联小区站点无线电子系统112,未示出)。在一些实施例中,两个站点110s-110n可共同形成具有关联六边形覆盖区域160的单个小区站点110。如以下将详细描述,小区站点110s和110n可经由无线电子系统112按照如不干扰卫星终端120的这种方式与航空平台130进行通信。
小区站点无线电子系统112可包含存储器子系统412、处理器子系统414、用来调制数据并且将信号向航空平台传送的发射器子系统416、接收器子系统418以及发送和接收来自因特网的数据的陆地连通性子系统417。在一些实施例中,部署在区域160的北角处的站点110n的无线电子系统112可包含发射器子系统416但是不包含接收器子系统418,以及部署在南角处的站点110s可包含接收器418但是不包含发射器416。
机载平台可以是飞机、遥控飞机/UAV(无人机)、直升机、气球、软式飞艇、直升机器人(robocopter)、高空平台和/或可以能够从低空到高空(例如高达七万英尺或以上)飞行和/或盘旋的任何其他装置。如图2所示,航空平台130具有航空平台天线子系统134以及连接到天线子系统134的航空平台无线电子系统132。
如所示,航空平台无线电子系统132可包含:发射器316,用于调制数据并且经过天线器材134来发送信号;接收器318,用于对天线器材134上接收的小区站点信号进行解调和解码;处理器314,用于诸如控制发射器和接收器、进行切换并且确定哪些数据要发送给小区站点的功能连同其他功能一起;存储器子系统312,用于存储程序代码、配置数据和系统参数;以及开关子系统319,用于将从不同地面终端所接收的数据切换到小区站点以及反之亦然。
航空平台天线134必须具有360°的覆盖,以便具有对至少两个小区站点的可见度,一个对北方以及一个对南方。如图2所示,确保航空平台天线子系统134查看至少两个小区站点的一种方式是要安装两个天线器材134r和134f,以免因发动机吊舱、机翼和/或其他特征而引起的任何阻塞。航空平台天线134f和134r的每个必须覆盖至少180°的方位,以便确保至少一个天线具有对小区站点天线114n和114s的可见度而不管航空平台的取向。
航空平台天线134f和134r的每个可包含多个天线孔径。如图2所示,小区站点无线电子系统和航空平台无线电子系统可在通过Fd表示的FSS下行链路频率上进行通信。如果下行链路和上行链路FSS频率带均被使用,则传输使用Fd和Fu标签示出。
图3示出一个示例航空平台天线134结构,其具有七个孔径135,并且覆盖360°的方位以及低和高仰角。每个天线孔径可包含多个天线单元。天线单元可例如使用相控阵技术来适当结合,以便在方位和海拔中将天线束引导(steer)到预期位置。如果具有多个天线孔径的天线、例如图3中的天线用于航空平台中,则孔径之一可用来从小区站点天线114n进行接收,以及第二孔径可用来朝小区站点天线114s进行传送。
图4示出地面终端180的示意框图。地面终端无线电子系统182可包含处理器子系统814、存储器子系统812、发射器子系统816和接收器子系统818。图4的系统还包含地面终端的两个不同天线184a和184b。如以下更详细描述,在一些实施例中,一个天线用来从地面终端的北方的航空平台进行接收,而另一天线用来向地面终端的南方的航空平台进行传送,或者反之亦然。
在随后描述中,辅助服务可表示来往于航空平台所提供的服务。为了避免朝地面终端卫星天线的主瓣进行传送,所有传输必须仅朝南方。图2图示航空平台130与小区站点无线电子系统112n和112s之间的业务流。从因特网150预计送往航空平台130的数据可使用小区站点无线电子系统112n来发送给航空平台。小区站点112n的天线孔径114n可用来向小区站点112n的南方的航空平台130传送消息/数据分组212。由112n所传送的信号则可由卫星终端天线124的后瓣看到,由此避免到卫星终端120中的干扰。
来自航空平台130的消息/数据分组232可发送给小区站点110s。小区站点110s的小区站点天线孔径114s可以仅用来从如图2所示的航空平台130进行接收。换言之,航空平台130可从小区站点110n接收数据,并且向小区站点110s传送数据。用这种方式,来往于航空平台130的所有传输朝向南方方向,由此避免到也朝向南方方向的卫星天线124的主瓣中的传输。
在卫星终端接收器处由辅助服务航空平台130发射器所引起的干扰通过下式(1)给出:
干扰(dBW)=航空_平台_PA_功率(dBW)+航空_平台_天线_增益_朝向_卫星_终端(dB)-路径_损耗(dB)+卫星_接收器_天线_后瓣_增益(dB) 。(1)
假定用于上式(1)的干扰计算的卫星终端天线的最坏情况后瓣增益(即,假定卫星终端天线后瓣增益是恒定的)。则如从等式(1)能够看到,为了将从辅助服务发射器到卫星终端接收器中的干扰保持低于某个阈值,从辅助发射器到卫星终端接收器的路径损耗之和以及从辅助发射器到卫星终端接收器的有效全向辐射功率(EIRP)必须低于某个阈值,而不管辅助服务发射器和卫星终端接收器的相对位置。注意,(1)的右边的前两项之和(即,PA发射功率和发射天线增益)确定在给定方向上的EIRP。在主服务卫星终端处来自辅助服务的接收信号功率几乎是恒定的而与辅助服务发射器和主服务卫星终端接收器之间的距离无关的条件在本文档中称作“等通量”性质。
图5示出相对于地平线方向从机载平台天线134f的主波束到地面上的小区站点110或终端的角度θ。当航空平台130离小区站点110很远时,则航空平台天线134f的主波束正好在地平线下面指向小区站点110。因此,最高航空平台天线增益低于地平线几度,以覆盖最远距离小区站点。对于给定航空平台和小区站点位置,卫星终端越靠近机载平台,则角度θ越大。因此,机载发射器的天线增益在高角度θ必须具有低增益,使得来自机载发射器的EIRP以及到地面上的终端的路径损耗之和保持几乎恒定。换言之,来自机载发射天线的增益必须降低,因为角度θ与路径损耗中的降低相应地增加。注意,如果航空平台靠近小区站点,则朝小区站点的航空平台天线增益将是低的。但是,由于从航空平台到附近小区站点的路径损耗也因小距离而是小的,所以在小区站点处从航空平台所接收的信号将足够高以达到所要求数据速率。
如图6所示,主服务卫星终端120通常可位于房屋或建筑物170指向南方的一侧。小区站点天线114通常可位于足够高使得角度φ将尽可能高的塔顶处。对于更远离小区站点110n的终端,角度φ减小,但是路径损耗增加。在卫星接收器处从辅助服务所接收的干扰通过下式(2)给出:
干扰(dBW)=小区_站点_PA_功率(dBW)+ 小区_站点_天线_增益_朝向_卫星_终端(dB)-路径_损耗(dB)-房屋_穿透_损耗(dB)+卫星_接收器_天线_后瓣_增益(dB) 。(2)
保持到卫星接收器中的低干扰的一种方式将会是要设计小区站点天线114,使得地平线之下的天线的增益是低的。在到小区站点110的更靠近距离处,角度φ是高的,并且小区站点天线下降(roll off)将会是高的,从而帮助将到卫星接收器中的干扰保持低于阈值。在更远距离处,角度φ将会是低的,并且朝卫星接收器的小区站点天线增益将会是较高的;但是小区站点与卫星接收器之间的路径损耗也将会是较高的,从而帮助抑制干扰。此外,在离小区站点的更远距离处,极有可能的是,将存在诸如树木和建筑物的障碍物,其将会使从小区站点朝卫星接收器的信号显著衰减。实际上,如果辅助服务小区站点天线处于塔顶并且卫星接收器处于房屋/建筑物的南侧,则甚至在小区站点与卫星终端之间的近距离处,也可存在显著房屋/建筑物穿透损耗,从而降低到卫星接收器中的干扰。
图2示出无线电子系统112n与112s之间的通信通路200。通路200描绘用于在112n与112s之间运送必要信令消息以及数据分组的陆地通信路径,其在下面将进一步描述。通路200可经由专用物理有线或光纤链路、专用虚拟链路、微波链路、卫星链路和/或其他适当通信通路来实现。
起源于小区站点110n的消息212可以是信令消息,例如由小区站点周期发送的信标信号或者从因特网150所接收的数据分组。由航空平台130发送给小区站点110s的消息232类似地可以是信令消息,例如关联/注册、切换发起、上行链路带宽请求或者从航空平台130预计送往因特网150的数据分组。
如上所述,下行链路(从地面小区站点到航空平台的方向)和上行链路(从航空平台到地面小区站点的方向)传输从几何上远离的小区站点110n和110s进行。因此,在小区站点设备110n与110s之间需要信令机制,以便执行无线电链路管理功能,例如控制下行链路和上行链路上的数据速率、确认下行链路和上行链路分组并且执行从一个小区站点区域160到另一个小区站点区域的切换。
每个小区站点无线电子系统112n可周期地传送信标信号212。航空平台130可搜索信标信号。在搜索信标信号中,航空平台无线电子系统132可使用航空平台的视野中的小区站点的航空平台定位位置坐标和知识来限制对更可能处于航空平台天线134的视野中的那些信标的搜索。航空平台无线电子系统132可对于从所有小区站点110n(从其中它能够接收足够强的信号)所接收的信标信号212进行解码,并且选择小区站点110n(从其中它接收最强信标信号)。
航空平台无线电子系统132则可向所选小区站点无线电子系统112s发送消息232中的关联请求。小区站点无线电子系统又可向小区站点112n发送关联消息,使得小区站点112n可向航空平台130发送消息212中的关联请求的确认。这时,航空平台130可与小区站点110n和110s关联,其中站点110n提供到航空平台130的下行链路,以及站点110s提供到航空平台130的上行链路。
关联消息可以是建立航空平台130与小区站点110n和110s之间的连接的请求。当航空平台接收关联消息的确认消息时,可建立连接。
图7A图示由航空平台用来检测小区站点信标并且建立与小区站点的连接的概念过程700的流程图。该过程可由一些实施例的航空平台无线电子系统来执行。
如所示,该过程可从航空平台的北方搜索(在710处)小区站点无线电子系统所发送的所有小区站点信标。接着,该过程可选择(在720处)从其中它接收最强信标的小区站点(或者基于某个其他适当标准来选择小区站点)。该过程然后可向小区站点无线电子系统(其在航空平台的南方并且与在720处所选的北方小区站点组对)发送(在730处)关联消息。该过程然后可从所选北-南对的北方小区站点来接收(在740处)确认消息。随着通信链路被建立,该过程然后可结束。
图7B图示小区站点可执行以建立与航空平台的连接的概念过程750的流程图。这种过程可由北-南对的小区站点无线电子系统来执行。
如所示,该过程可传送(在760处)信标信号。这种信号可在站点正操作的同时不断传送。信标信号可由北-南对中的北站点来发送。接着,该过程可接收(在770处)来自航空平台的关联请求。这种关联请求可由北-南对中的南站点来接收。接着,该过程可从南站点向北站点(例如通过链路200)发送(在780处)关联消息。北站点然后可向航空平台传送(在790处)确认消息,以建立通信链路,以及该过程然后可结束。
一些实施例提供确认上行链路和下行链路分组的方式。在任何无线通信系统中,链路的每端需要检测尚未正确接收的分组,使得发射器可重传错误分组。小区站点110s处的上行链路接收器可确定哪些分组缺失(即,尚未从航空平台正确接收的分组),并且向小区站点110n处的下行链路发射器发送具有与任何缺失分组有关的信息的消息。小区站点发射器112n又可在下行链路上向航空平台130发送消息,其具有小区站点110s接收器仍然从航空平台130预计的分组的列表。航空平台130无线电子系统132则可向小区站点110s重传缺失分组。航空平台无线电子系统132可检测缺失下行链路分组,并且向小区站点110s发送具有缺失分组的列表的消息。小区站点110s又可向小区站点110n发送具有与任何缺失分组有关的信息的消息。小区站点无线电子系统112n则可向航空平台130重传缺失分组。
航空平台无线电子系统132可需要选择向小区站点110s发送消息/数据分组的最高数据速率,使得小区站点无线电系统112s可以能够以高概率对所接收数据正确地解码。小区站点无线电子系统112s可使用由航空平台无线电子系统132所发送的消息来测量信号质量量度、例如信号与干扰加噪声比(SINR)。小区站点无线电子系统112s则可确定它能够使用测量信号质量进行解码的最高数据速率(称作上行链路数据速率指标(UDRI)),并且向小区站点无线电子系统112n发送UDRI。小区站点110n又可向航空平台无线电子系统132发送消息212中的UDRI。航空平台无线电子系统然后可使用UDRI来选择向小区站点110s发送信息的数据速率。
类似地,航空平台无线电子系统132可使用它从小区站点无线电子系统112n接收的分组212来测量信号质量量度、例如SINR。子系统132然后可确定子系统可对给定测量信号质量进行解码的最高数据速率(称作下行链路数据速率指标(DDRI))。航空平台无线电子系统132可向小区站点无线电子系统112s发送所确定DDRI。无线电子系统112s又可使用陆地通信网络200向小区站点无线电子系统112n发送DDRI。小区站点无线电子系统112n又可使用所接收DDRI来选择它用来向航空平台130发送信息的数据速率。
图8A图示由一些实施例用来确定航空平台和小区站点无线电子系统用来传送数据的数据速率的概念过程800的流程图。这种过程可由一些实施例的航空平台来运行。
如所示,该过程可测量(在810处)下行链路性能,并且确定(在820处)数据速率。航空平台可使用所接收消息或信标/导频信号测量在下行链路和上行链路数据速率(DDRI和UDRI)上的所接收SINR。接着,该过程可向南小区站点110s发送(在830处)所确定DDRI。该过程然后可从北小区站点110n接收(在840处)所确定数据速率,并且然后可结束。北小区站点和航空平台无线电子系统132然后可以以DDRI和UDRI数据速率来传送数据。
图8B图示由一些实施例用来确定航空平台和小区站点无线电子系统用来传送数据的数据速率的概念过程850的流程图。这种过程可由一些实施例的小区站点对来运行。
如所示,该过程可使用所接收消息或信标/导频信号来确定(在860处)上行链路性能。接着,该过程可从航空平台接收(在870处)数据速率(例如所确定DDRI)。该过程然后可使用陆地链路200从南小区站点110s向北小区站点110n发送(在880处)所接收和确定的数据速率。该过程然后可从北小区站点110n向航空平台发送(在890处)数据速率。北小区站点和航空平台无线电子系统132然后可以以DDRI和UDRI数据速率来传送数据。
图9图示从具有关联覆盖区域160-1的第一小区站点110-1到具有关联覆盖区域160-2的第二小区站点110-2的航空平台切换的示意框图。航空平台无线电子系统可测量从相邻小区站点110-1和110-2所接收的信标信号。一旦航空平台无线电子系统发现处于它与之通信的小区站点的信标的某个阈值之内的信标信号,它可向南小区站点无线电子系统112s-1发送消息232-1内的切换请求。
小区站点110-1可向小区站点110-2发送消息,从而通知小区站点110-2航空平台130意图切换到小区站点110-2,并且还将指定时间,在该时间之后,航空平台130将开始与小区站点110-2的通信。小区站点无线电子系统112s-1还可向无线电子系统112n-1发送消息,从而通知北小区站点110n-1航空平台130将在某个时间之后切换到小区站点110-2。小区站点无线电子系统112n-1又可使用下行链路消息212-1向航空无线电子系统132发送切换的确认。
图10A图示由一些实施例用来执行航空平台从第一服务小区站点到第二切换候选小区站点的切换的概念过程1000的流程图。服务小区站点表示航空平台当前与其通信的小区站点。这种过程可由一些实施例的航空平台来运行。
如所示,该过程可确定(在1010处)可用站点的每个的信号质量。在一些实施例中,航空平台无线电子系统可测量相邻小区站点的信标信号。该过程然后可确定(在1020处)候选小区站点的信标信号强度是否处于服务小区站点的信标信号的信号强度的阈值之内。如果该过程确定候选信号的强度不在阈值之内,则该过程可重复操作1010-1020,直到该过程确定候选站点的信号强度处于服务站点信号强度的阈值之内。
接着,该过程可从航空平台向服务小区站点的南小区站点无线电子系统发送(在1030处)切换请求消息。该过程然后可从北小区站点接收(在1040处)包含切换将生效的时间的切换完成消息,并且该过程然后可结束。
图10B图示由一些实施例用来执行航空平台从第一服务小区站点到第二切换候选小区站点的切换的概念过程1050的流程图。这种过程可由活动和候选小区站点来运行。
如所示,该过程可在南站点无线电子系统处从航空平台来接收(在1060处)切换请求消息。接着,该过程可从活动站点向候选站点发送(在1070处)指示切换的意图和切换时间的消息。该过程然后可从南站点向组对北站点发送(在1080处)切换完成消息。北小区站点然后可向航空平台传送(在1090处)包含切换将生效的时间的切换完成消息。
上面描述包含的保护卫星终端接收器免受来自FSS和DBS下行链路频谱上由辅助服务向航空平台所发送的信号的干扰。一些实施例还允许使用FSS频带的下行链路频谱以及FSS频带的上行链路频谱。如上所述,感兴趣FSS频带是C、Ku和Ka频带。为了保护主卫星接收器免受由辅助服务在上行链路FSS频谱上传送的任何信号,辅助服务发射器必须将其到地球弧形(或者另一组卫星)中的发射限制低于某个阈值,以便不超过到卫星接收器中的某个ROT。位于北半球上的辅助服务小区站点发射器当在FSS上行链路频率带上进行传送时必须主要向其北方的航空平台进行传送,并且避免向地球弧形所在的南方进行传送。此外,航空平台天线必须将其到地球弧形中的传输限制低于某个阈值。
图11图示使用通过Fd表示的下行链路FSS频谱以及通过Fu表示的上行链路FSS频谱的宽带接入系统的示意框图。如由图2所述的系统中一样,使用FSS下行链路频率Fd的传输由北到南被限制,以避免传送到卫星终端的主波束中。如图11所示,上行链路频率Fu仅由小区站点110用来朝北方向航空平台进行传送,以免干扰南方的地球弧形。航空平台天线134被示出以使用上行链路频率Fu在北方和南方方向上进行传送,因为航空平台天线将其信号发送到地面并且远离地球弧形。此外,因为假定小区站点天线具有高增益,所以小区站点接收器可接收足够高的信号,即使航空平台发射器将其发射功率限制到低等级以将其到地球弧形中的发射保持低于某个阈值。
注意,如图11所示,由于南和北无线电子系统112均来往于航空平台进行传送/接收,则有可能通过仅具有每个覆盖区域160的下角或上角处的小区站点设备来提供到航空平台的连通性,由此降低每个小区站点的复杂度。但是,具有区域的下角和上角处的无线电子系统设备的益处在于,它允许区域较大。注意,如参照上面图2所述,系统的上(北)角处的小区站点无线电子系统可以仅具有无线电发射器,而小区站点的下(南)角处的无线电子系统可以仅具有无线电接收器。在图11所示的使用FSS上行链路和下行链路频率Fu和Fd的系统中,覆盖区域的下角和上角处的无线电子系统则各必须具有无线电发射器和无线电接收器。
上面详细描述使用部署在北半球中的宽带接入系统的示例。本领域的技术人员将会知道,通过反转参照北半球实现所述的传输方向,上面所述的所有系统和方法也可应用于部署在南半球中的系统。
一些实施例可使用航空平台、例如遥控飞机或UAV来提供对地面终端的宽带因特网接入。图12示出使用下行链路FSS频谱经由航空平台130在没有干扰现有卫星终端接收器的情况下提供对地面终端180的宽带接入的系统的框图。注意,图12示出连接航空平台和地面终端的框图。上面详细描述了用于将航空平台连接到因特网的系统的细节。为了避免干扰卫星终端接收器,下行链路FSS频谱上的所有传输对于部署在北半球中的终端是由北到南。航空平台130-1可向地面终端180发送消息232-1,以及地面终端可向其南方的航空平台130-2发送消息282。两个航空平台130-1和130-2本身使用本公开中先前所述的系统和方法来连接到因特网,并且完成地面终端180与因特网之间的连通性。
在卫星终端处从地面终端发射器所接收的干扰通过下式(3)给出:
干扰(dBW)=地面_终端_PA_功率(dBW)+地面_终端_天线_增益_朝向_卫星_终端(dB)-路径_损耗(dB)-房屋_穿透_损耗(dB)+卫星_接收器_天线_后瓣_增益(dB)-处理_增益(dB)。(3)
如在小区站点天线的情况一样,地面终端天线也设计成具有朝卫星终端接收器的高下降。等式(3)中的所有项与等式(1)类似。但是,由于房屋上安装的地面终端可能很靠近(比如说在数十米之内) 卫星终端接收器,则附加测量可需要进行,以进一步降低从地面终端到卫星终端接收器中的干扰。等式(3)右边上的最后一项处理_增益(dB)表示通过其扩展发射信号的带宽与数据速率之比。因此,降低干扰的一种技术是要通过较宽带宽来扩展数据,由此降低功率频谱密度和ROT。注意,如果数据通过较宽带宽来扩展以降低干扰,则系统的带宽效率可因使用比使用频谱作为主用户时通常需要的要大的带宽量而降低。为了改进带宽效率,可允许多个上行链路地面终端发射器按照码分多址(CDMA)方案在相同带宽上同时进行传送。在CDMA方案中,多个地面终端在相同带宽上同时进行传送,但是通过使用不同代码调制不同终端的数据,使得航空平台处的接收器可分离从不同地面终端所接收的数据。
图13示出使用FSS频带的下行链路和上行链路频率经由航空平台130-1和130-2来提供对地面终端180的宽带接入的系统的框图。如图4所示,地面终端具有到两种航空平台的双向链路。地面终端在上行链路频率Fu上仅向其北方的航空平台进行传送。地面终端的北方的航空平台可使用上行链路或下行链路频率向地面终端进行传送。因为两种航空平台均具有到地面终端的双向链路,所以还有可能使地面终端仅经由一个航空平台进行通信,如图14所示。
上面所述的过程和模块中的许多可实现为软件过程,其指定为非暂时存储媒介上记录的一个或多个指令集。当这些指令由一个或多个计算元件(例如微处理器、微控制器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用IC(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)等)来运行时,指令使(一个或多个)计算元件执行指令所指定的动作。
在一些实施例中,上面所述的各种过程和模块可完全使用可包含装置或元件(例如传感器、逻辑门、模拟到数字转换器、数字到模拟转换器、比较器等)的各种集合的电子电路系统来实现。这种电路系统可适合执行可与通篇所述的各种软件元件关联的功能和/或特征。
图15图示用来实现本发明的一些实施例的概念计算机系统1500的示意框图。例如,上面参照图1、图2和图4所述的系统可至少部分使用计算机系统1500来实现。作为另一个示例,参照图7A-8B、图10A和图10B所述的过程可至少部分使用采用计算机系统1500所运行的指令集来实现。
计算机系统1500可使用各种适当的装置来实现。例如,计算机系统可使用一个或多个个人计算机(“PC”)、服务器、移动装置(例如智能电话)、平板装置和/或任何其他适当装置来实现。各种装置可单独工作(例如,计算机系统可实现为单个PC)或者结合工作(例如,计算机系统的一些组件可由移动装置来提供,而其他组件由平板装置来提供)。
如所示,计算机系统1500可包含至少一个通信总线1505、一个或多个处理器1510、系统存储器1515、只读存储器(ROM) 1520、永久存储装置1525、输入装置1530、输出装置1535、各种其他组件1540(例如图形处理单元)以及一个或多个网络接口1545。
总线1505表示计算机系统1500的元件之间的所有通信通路。这类通路可包含有线、无线、光和/或其他适当通信通路。例如,输入装置1530和/或输出装置1535可使用无线连接协议或系统来耦合到系统1500。
处理器1510为了运行一些实施例的过程可从诸如系统存储器1515、ROM 1520和永久存储装置1525的组件中检索要运行的指令和/或要处理的数据。这类指令和数据可通过总线1505来传递。
系统存储器1515可以是易失性读取和写入存储器、例如随机存取存储器(RAM)。系统存储器可存储处理器在运行时使用的指令和数据的一些。用来实现一些实施例的数据和/或指令集可存储在系统存储器1515、永久存储装置1525和/或只读存储器1520中。ROM1520可存储静态数据和指令,其可由处理器1510和/或计算机系统的其他元件使用。
永久存储装置1525可以是读取和写入存储器装置。永久存储装置可以是非易失性存储器单元,其甚至当计算机系统1500关断或是无动力的时也存储指令和数据。计算机系统1500可使用可移动存储装置和/或远程存储装置1560作为永久存储装置。
输入装置1530可使用户能够向计算机系统传递信息和/或操纵系统的各种操作。输入装置可包含键盘、光标控制装置、音频输入装置和/或视频输入装置。输出装置1535可包含打印机、显示器和/或音频装置。输入和/或输出装置的一些或全部可无线或光学地连接到计算机系统。
其他组件1540可执行各种其他功能。这些功能可包含执行特定功能(例如图形处理、声音处理等)、提供存储、与外部系统或组件进行接口等。
最后,如图15所示,计算机系统1500可经过一个或多个网络接口1545来耦合到一个或多个网络1550。例如,计算机系统1500可耦合到因特网上的万维网服务器,使得运行于计算机系统1500上的万维网浏览器可在用户与万维网浏览器中操作的界面进行交互时与万维网服务器进行交互。计算机系统1500可以能够经过网络接口1545和网络1550来访问一个或多个远程存储装置1560和一个或多个外部组件1565。(一个或多个)网络接口1545可包含一个或多个应用编程接口(API),其可允许计算机系统1500访问远程系统和/或存储装置,并且还可允许远程系统和/或存储装置访问计算机系统1500(或者其元件)。
如本说明书和本说明书的任何权利要求所使用的,术语“计算机”、“服务器”、“处理器”和“存储器”全部表示电子装置。这些术语不包括人或者人的编组。如本说明书和本说明书的任何权利要求所使用的,术语“非暂时存储媒介”完全限制到存储采取由电子装置可读的形式的信息的有形物理对象。这些术语不包括任何无线或其他短暂信号。
本领域的技术人员应当知道,计算机系统1500的组件的任何或全部可与本发明结合使用。此外,本领域的技术人员将会领会,许多其他系统配置也可与本发明或者本发明的组件结合使用。
另外,虽然所示示例可图示作为单独元件的许多个别模块,但是本领域的技术人员将会知道,这些模块可结合为单个功能块或元件。本领域的技术人员还将会知道,单个模块可划分为多个模块。
上述涉及本发明的示范实施例的说明性细节,并且可进行修改,而没有背离如下面权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (24)
1. 一种适合提供对航空平台的宽带接入的系统,所述系统包括:
至少一个航空平台,包括适合使用可用频带集合之中的固定卫星服务(FSS)下载频率带进行通信的无线电子系统和调谐到来自所述可用频带集的一个或多个频带的天线;以及
多个小区站点,适合使用所述FSS下载频率带与所述航空平台进行通信,每个小区站点包含:
六边形覆盖区域,包括至少第一角和第二角;
所述第一角处的无线无线电发射器;以及
所述第二角处的无线无线电接收器。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,所述航空平台与所述小区站点之间的所有无线无线电传输在特定地理方向上广播,其中所述特定地理方向在所述系统位于北半球中时为南方,以及所述特定地理方向在所述系统位于南半球中时为北方。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括陆地网络,其适合在通信上将位于所述第一角处的小区站点设备耦合到在所述第二角处的小区站点设备位置以及将与从所述多个小区站点之中的第一站点关联的小区站点设备耦合到与从所述多个小区站点之中的至少第二站点关联的小区站点设备,其中所述无线无线电发射器适合在所述FSS下行链路频率带上向所述航空平台发送信令消息,以及所述无线无线电接收器适合在所述FSS下载频率带上从所述航空平台接收信令消息并且将所述信令消息转发到位于所述小区站点的所述第一角处的所述小区站点设备。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,与所述航空平台关联的发射天线适合至少部分基于从所述航空平台到所述小区站点的距离来降低与所述发射天线关联的增益,以便将所述增益和路径损耗之和保持接近恒定。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中,与所述小区站点关联的发射天线适合至少部分基于从所述小区站点到所述航空平台的距离来降低与所述发射天线关联的增益,以便将所述增益和路径损耗之和保持接近恒定。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统,还包括至少一个地面终端,所述地面终端包括:
接收器,适合在所述FSS下载频率带上从至少一个航空平台接收信号;
发射器,适合向至少一个航空平台发送信号;以及
至少一个天线器材,指向至少一个航空平台。
7.如权利要求6所述的系统,其中,所述地面终端的第一天线器材朝向第一航空平台对准,并且所述地面终端的第二天线器材朝向第二航空平台对准,以及所述地面终端向所述第一航空平台进行传送并且从所述第二航空平台进行接收。
8.一种将航空平台关联到从候选小区站点集之中的特定小区站点以便使用在固定卫星服务(FSS)下载频率带上传送的通信来提供对所述航空平台的宽带接入,所述方法包括:
接收信标信号集,每个信标信号关联于所述候选小区站点集的小区站点,信标信号;
从所述信标信号集之中识别具有最强信号质量的第一信标信号,所述第一信标信号与第一小区站点关联;
从所述航空平台向所述第一小区站点发送关联请求消息;以及
从所述第一小区站点接收确认消息。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括在所述第一小区站点处:
经由与所述第一小区站点关联的第一无线电子系统来接收所述关联请求消息;
从所述第一无线电子系统向与所述第一小区站点关联的第二无线电子系统发送确认消息;以及
从所述第二无线电子系统向所述航空平台发送所述确认消息。
10.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括在所述航空平台处:
从所述第一小区站点测量下行链路信号质量;
至少部分基于所测量下行链路信号质量来确定最高可达到下行链路数据速率;
向所述第一小区站点发送所述最高可达到下行链路数据速率;
从所述第一小区站点接收最高可达到上行链路数据速率;以及
以所述最高可达到上行链路数据速率向所述第一小区站点进行传送。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,还包括在所述第一小区站点处:
在与所述第一小区站点关联的第一无线电子系统处从所述航空平台测量上行链路信号质量;
至少部分基于所测量上行链路信号质量来确定最高可达到上行链路数据速率;
经由与所述第一小区站点关联的第二无线电子系统向所述航空平台发送所述最高可达到上行链路数据速率,其中所述第一无线电子系统在通信上耦合到所述第二无线电子系统;
从所述航空平台接收最高可达到下行链路数据速率;以及
以所述最高可达到下行链路数据速率向所述航空平台进行传送。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,还包括在所述航空平台处:
将所述第一信标信号的信标信号强度与关联于从所述候选小区站点集之中的第二小区站点的第二信标信号进行比较;
确定所述第二信标信号的信号强度是否处于所述第一信标信号的所述信号强度的特定阈值之内;
当确定所述第二信标信号的所述信号强度处于所述第一信标信号的所述信号强度的所述特定阈值之内时,向所述第一小区站点发送切换请求消息;以及
从所述第二小区站点接收切换完成消息。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,还包括在所述第一小区站点处:
在与所述第一小区站点关联的第一无线电子系统处从所述航空平台接收切换请求消息;
经由陆地连接向所述第二小区站点发送所述切换请求消息;
向与所述第一小区站点关联的第二无线电子系统发送切换完成消息;以及
从所述第二无线电子系统向所述航空平台传送所述切换完成消息。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中,所述第一无线电子系统位于与所述第一小区站点的六边形覆盖区关联的北角和南角其中之一处,以及所述第二无线电子系统位于与所述第一无线电子系统的相对角处。
15. 一种适合提供对航空平台的宽带因特网接入的通信系统,所述系统包括:
多个航空平台,适合通过至少一个固定卫星服务(FSS)频率带进行通信;以及
多个小区站点,适合通过至少一个FSS频率带进行通信,每个小区站点与六边形覆盖区域关联,每个小区站点包括:
第一无线电子系统,适合从所述航空平台接收通信;
第二无线电子系统,适合向所述航空平台发送通信;以及
所述第一无线电子系统与所述第二无线电子系统之间的通信链路。
16.如权利要求15所述的系统,其中,每个小区站点与六边形覆盖区域关联,以及所述第一无线电子系统和第二无线电子系统位于所述六边形覆盖区域的相对角处。
17.如权利要求16所述的系统,其中,特定航空平台位于所述第一无线电子系统与所述第二无线电子系统之间。
18.如权利要求17所述的系统,其中,所述第一无线电子系统向所述航空平台进行传送,并且所述航空平台沿特定方向向所述第二无线电子系统进行传送。
19.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中,所述特定方向是南方,以及所述系统位于所述北半球中。
20.如权利要求18所述的系统,其中,所述特定方向是北方,以及所述系统位于所述南半球中。
21. 一种适合使用固定卫星服务(FSS)频率带的至少一部分来提供对地面终端集的宽带接入的系统,所述系统包括:
第一航空平台,适合向所述地面终端集的特定地面终端发送数据;以及
第二航空平台,适合从所述特定地面终端接收数据,
其中每个地面终端包括:
至少一个接收器子系统,适合从所述第一航空平台接收数据,以及
至少一个发射器子系统,适合向所述第二航空平台发送数据。
22.如权利要求21所述的系统,其中,多个发射器子系统可以能够使用码分多址方案在所述FSS频率带的所述部分上同时进行传送。
23.如权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述第一航空平台还适合从所述特定地面终端接收数据,并且所述特定地面终端能够在包括所述FSS频率带的上行链路和下行链路部分的频率集上从所述第一航空平台接收数据,并且使用包括所述FSS频率带的所述上行链路部分的频率集向所述第一航空平台传送数据。
24.如权利要求21所述的系统,其中,所述第二航空平台还适合向所述特定地面终端传送数据,并且所述特定地面终端能够在包括所述FSS频率带的上行链路和下行链路部分的频率集上从所述第二航空平台接收数据,并且使用包括所述FSS频率带的所述下行链路部分的频率集向所述第二航空平台传送数据。
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2015
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CN107431526A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
US10341010B2 (en) | 2019-07-02 |
AP2016009395A0 (en) | 2016-08-31 |
US10187140B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 |
WO2015123698A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
WO2015175055A3 (en) | 2016-01-07 |
US20150236781A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
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