WO2010052835A1 - 無線通信システムの制御方法、無線通信システム、アレイ重みベクトルの調整方法、及び無線通信装置 - Google Patents
無線通信システムの制御方法、無線通信システム、アレイ重みベクトルの調整方法、及び無線通信装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010052835A1 WO2010052835A1 PCT/JP2009/005425 JP2009005425W WO2010052835A1 WO 2010052835 A1 WO2010052835 A1 WO 2010052835A1 JP 2009005425 W JP2009005425 W JP 2009005425W WO 2010052835 A1 WO2010052835 A1 WO 2010052835A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/74—Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single antenna system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a system for performing wireless communication by adaptively controlling a radio beam and a control method therefor.
- the millimeter-wave wireless technology is expected to be applied particularly to wireless transmission of high-definition images and high-speed data wireless communication of gigabit (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3).
- Millimeter waves with high frequencies have a strong straight line property, and there are problems when assuming indoor wireless transmission. Millimeter waves have strong straightness and signal attenuation due to the human body. For this reason, when a person is present between the transmitter and the receiver in a room or the like, it becomes out of sight and transmission becomes difficult (the problem of shadowing). This problem is due to the result of the propagation environment changing as the frequency increases and the straightness of radio waves becomes stronger, and is not limited to the millimeter wave band (30 GHz or higher). The frequency at which the radio wave propagation environment changes cannot be clearly specified, but it is said to be around 10 GHz.
- the power loss coefficient (power loss ⁇ ⁇ coefficients) representing the attenuation of radio waves with respect to the distance during propagation is 28-32 at 0.9-5.2 GHz in the office, at 60 GHz. Is 22. Since the free space loss is 20, it is considered that the influence of scattering and diffraction is small at a high frequency of about 60 GHz.
- a plurality of transmission paths are provided by installing a plurality of reception units in the reception apparatus, and one of the transmission paths between the transmission apparatus and the reception section is shielded.
- a system that continues transmission on the other transmission path is described in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 2 makes it difficult to continue communication when the vicinity of the transmission device is shielded or when a plurality of receiving units are shielded. Further, in the method described in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to request special consideration from the user, for example, it is necessary to install a reflector in consideration of the arrangement of the transmitter and the receiver.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a system using a wide-angle antenna
- FIG. 28 is a diagram illustrating an example of a delay profile in the room of the system using the wide-angle antenna as illustrated in FIG.
- the received power of the main wave that arrives first is the largest, as shown in FIG.
- delayed waves such as the second wave and the third wave arrive, but their received power is smaller than that of the main wave.
- These second wave and third wave are reflected waves from the ceiling and the wall.
- This situation is significantly different from the propagation environment of radio waves with weak straightness such as the 2.4 GHz band used in, for example, a wireless LAN (Local Area Network).
- 2.4 GHz it is difficult to clearly separate the arrival directions of radio waves due to diffraction effects and multiple reflection.
- the arrival direction of the radio wave is relatively clear, but the number of delayed waves is limited and the reception level is small.
- a narrow beam having a high directivity gain is received by the reflected wave.
- the reception level at the receiver must be secured in the direction.
- a beam forming technique that dynamically controls the direction of the narrow beam is essential.
- an antenna array In beam forming, it is necessary to configure an antenna array. In a millimeter wave with a short wavelength (for example, 5 mm at a frequency of 60 GHz), the antenna array can be realized in a small area. Phase shifter arrays and oscillator arrays for use in such an antenna array for millimeter wave communication have been developed (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- a direction-of-arrival estimation technique is known as a technique different from the beam forming using the antenna array.
- the arrival direction estimation technique is a technique used in radar, sonar, propagation environment measurement, and the like, and is used for accurately estimating the arrival direction and power of radio waves received by an antenna array.
- a beam former method is known as an algorithm used there.
- Non-Patent Document 6 shows such an example.
- the inventors of the present application have found that the following problems occur when wireless transmission is continued with a reflected wave when a direct wave is shielded in an indoor millimeter wave system.
- the narrower the beam width the more directions (steps) to search for. For this reason, it takes time to search and set a beam direction capable of effectively receiving an incoming wave, and the transmission interruption time becomes long. Therefore, in such a case, a beam direction setting method that can shorten the transmission interruption time is strongly desired. Note that even a device capable of buffering data is not practical because a very large memory is required if the transmission interruption time becomes long.
- FIG. 4 shows the configuration of a transceiver used in beam forming. However, illustration of circuits that are not necessary for the description of the operation is omitted.
- the transmitter 401 includes a transmission circuit 403, and data is input from the outside.
- the output of the transmission circuit 403 is divided into M branches, which are respectively input to AWV (array weight vector) control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M.
- AWV array weight vector
- the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M can be realized by, for example, a serial connection of an analog phase shifter and a variable gain amplifier. In this case, both the amplitude and phase of the signal are continuously controlled.
- the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M are realized by digital phase shifters, only the signal phase is discretely controlled.
- the AWV controlled by the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M can be generally expressed as the following formula (1).
- w 1 , w 2 ,... W M are complex numbers, and the subscript T represents transposition.
- the equation (1) can be expressed as the following equation (2).
- ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 ,..., ⁇ M are phase control amounts.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 instructs the AWV setting of the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M through the control circuit 407.
- the direction and width of the beam emitted from the transmitter can be controlled by changing the amplitude and / or phase given to each signal.
- the receiver 402 has a configuration opposite to that of the transmitter 401. Signals received by the receiving antenna array composed of the antenna elements 411-1 to 41-N are combined after the amplitude and / or phase are adjusted by the AWV control circuits 410-1 to 410-N, and are combined via the receiving circuit 409 to the outside. Data is output to Similar to the transmitter 401, the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 controls the amplitude and / or phase of the AWV control circuits 410-1 to 410-N.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a wireless communication system configured with two transceivers (400 and 500) configured as shown in FIG.
- the transceiver 500 has K transmitting antennas and L receiving antennas.
- SVD singular value decomposition
- a unitary matrix for example, a Hadamard matrix
- a unitary matrix for example, a Hadamard matrix
- the training of the antenna array of the transmitter and the training of the antenna array of the receiver are repeated.
- a method for determining the optimal AWV is disclosed. Although this method can shorten the time compared with SVD, it takes a predetermined time to obtain the optimum AWV combination in order to repeatedly switch between transmission and reception.
- Non-Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for optimizing the beam direction for transmission and reception while gradually increasing the beam resolution. However, even in such a technique, it is necessary to measure the communication quality for a combination of a large number of transmission and reception beams while repeatedly switching between transmission and reception, and a great deal of time is required to find the optimum beam combination. .
- a pseudo omni pattern refers to a pattern having a substantially constant antenna gain over a very wide direction in a space around a transmitter / receiver, although it is not a complete omni (non-directional). Since it is often difficult to obtain a complete omni pattern in a millimeter wave antenna array, this pseudo omni pattern is often substituted.
- One of the objects of the present invention is to suppress adverse effects of side lobes of an antenna array when determining an AWV to be used for communication based on a transmission / reception result of a training signal in a communication apparatus that performs beam forming and performs wireless communication.
- a wireless communication system control method, a wireless communication system, an array weight vector adjustment method, and a wireless communication apparatus are provided.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a method for controlling a wireless communication system including first and second communication devices.
- the first communication device includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements, and an array weight vector (AWV) control circuit that changes at least one of amplitude and phase of a transmission signal or a reception signal of the plurality of antenna elements.
- the method according to this aspect includes the following steps (a) to (f). (A): transmitting the training signal between the first and second communication devices.
- the first communication device transmits or receives the training signal while scanning a beam pattern.
- the second communication device receives or transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern.
- the first communicator scans a beam pattern in a state in which signal emission in the at least one main radiation direction or signal reception from the at least one main arrival direction is limited, while the training signal is scanned. Is sent or received.
- the second communication device receives or transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern.
- a 2nd aspect of this invention is related with the radio
- the first communication device includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements, and an array weight vector (AWV) control circuit that changes at least one of amplitudes and phases of transmission signals or reception signals of the plurality of antenna elements. .
- the first and second communication devices are configured to perform AWV determination processing in cooperation.
- the AWV determination process includes the following steps (a) to (f). (A): transmitting the training signal between the first and second communication devices.
- the first communication device transmits or receives the training signal while scanning a beam pattern.
- the second communication device receives or transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern.
- the first communicator scans a beam pattern in a state in which signal emission in the at least one main radiation direction or signal reception from the at least one main arrival direction is limited, while the training signal is scanned. Is sent or received.
- the second communication device receives or transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern.
- an antenna array and an array weight vector (hereinafter referred to as AWV) control circuit that changes at least one of amplitude and phase of a signal received by a plurality of antenna elements constituting the antenna array.
- AWV array weight vector
- a first arrival direction here
- a 4th aspect of this invention is related with a radio
- the wireless device includes an antenna array, an array weight vector (hereinafter, AWV) control unit, a processing unit, and a receiving unit.
- the AWV control unit changes at least one of amplitude and phase of a signal received by a plurality of antenna elements constituting the antenna array.
- the processing unit determines an AWV to be used for wireless communication with the counterpart device and supplies the AWV to the AWV control unit.
- the receiving unit performs a demodulation process on a signal received by the antenna array. Further, the processing unit is configured to perform the following processes (a) to (c).
- A Based on the result of the reception unit receiving a training signal transmitted from the counterpart device while scanning the beam direction of the antenna array, at least one main signal arrival direction (hereinafter referred to as a first arrival direction). ); (B) Based on a result of the reception unit receiving the training signal while scanning a beam direction of the antenna array in a state in which signal reception from the first arrival direction is limited, Determine at least one different signal arrival direction (hereinafter referred to as second arrival direction); and (c) a main beam in the first arrival direction or a beam direction equivalent thereto to supply to the AWV control unit And AWV having a main beam in the second arrival direction or a beam direction equivalent thereto.
- the adverse effect of the side lobe of the antenna array is reduced.
- it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the influence of a side lobe.
- It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the 1st influence which the effect of a side lobe gives to an angle profile.
- It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the 2nd influence which the effect of a side lobe gives to an angle profile.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the 1st angle profile obtained in the process of the control procedure of this invention.
- it is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the directivity pattern at the time of performing main lobe scanning in the state which fixed the null point.
- FIG. 5 A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the transition diagram shown in FIG.
- the apparatus configuration shown in FIG. 5 can be adopted as the apparatus configuration of the wireless communication system according to the present embodiment.
- the transceiver 400 and the transceiver 500 optimize the AWV control circuits 404-1 to M, 410-1 to N, 504-1 to K, and 510-1 to L provided therein. To do initial training.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 or 506 or these two circuits cooperate to calculate a plurality of AWV combination candidates. A method of calculating a plurality of AWV combination candidates in S13 will be described later.
- the obtained plurality of AWV combination candidates are stored as data strings in the storage circuits 408 and 508 or one of them.
- communication is performed by selecting one of the plurality of AWV combination candidates obtained in S13. A method of selecting the AWV combination at this time will also be described later.
- the transceivers 400 and 500 monitor the communication state. For example, when the transceiver 500 is operated for reception, the communication quality may be measured by the reception circuit 509 or the processing / arithmetic circuit 506. Communication quality includes, for example, reception level, signal power to noise power ratio (SNR), bit error rate (BER), packet error rate (PER), and frame error rate. (FER: Frame Error Rate) etc. may be measured.
- SNR signal power to noise power ratio
- BER bit error rate
- PER packet error rate
- FER Frame Error Rate
- the monitoring of the communication state in the transmitter / receiver 400 operated as the transmitter at this time may be performed by measuring the reception status of the communication quality degradation alarm from the transmitter / receiver 500 and the reception status of the reception confirmation response (ACK).
- ACK reception confirmation response
- the transceivers 400 and 500 select another AWV combination from the data strings recorded in the storage circuits 408 and 508 or one of them. (S15).
- the quality of the communication quality may be determined, for example, by measuring the reception level, SNR, etc. in the reception circuit 509 or the processing / arithmetic circuit 506 when the transceiver 500 is operated to receive. If it is determined in S16 that the communication quality is good, the transceivers 400 and 500 return to the communication state (S14). On the other hand, when it is determined in S16 that the communication quality is insufficient, the transceivers 400 and 500 transition to S15 and reselect the AWV combination.
- the transceiver 400 is operated to transmit, and the AWV is set to generate an omni or pseudo omni pattern.
- An AWV control method for generating a pseudo omni pattern will be described in Embodiments 17 to 19.
- a training signal is transmitted.
- the training signal arrives at the transceiver 500 via a plurality of propagation paths.
- the transceiver 500 is operated to receive, and the antenna array 511-1 to L, the receiving circuit 509, the control circuit 513, and the processing / arithmetic circuit 506 are interlocked to change the AWV of the antenna array, thereby changing the main beam direction.
- a data string describing the relationship between the arrival direction of the signal and the received power in the transceiver 500 that has been operated for reception is acquired.
- the data string describing the relationship between the arrival direction of the signal and the received power is referred to as an “angle profile”.
- AWV control and angle profile acquisition may be executed using a known arrival direction estimation algorithm.
- the arrival direction estimation algorithm is a technique used in radar, sonar, propagation environment measurement, and the like, and there are various algorithms. For example, a beam former method may be applied.
- the angle profile describing the relationship between the arrival direction and the reception power is acquired.
- reception signal characteristics other than the reception power may be associated with the arrival direction of the signal.
- the received signal characteristics other than the received power are, for example, signal power to noise power ratio (SNR).
- the transceivers 400 and 500 are installed in a room (two-dimensional) surrounded by a wall 61. It is assumed that there are three propagation paths P1 to P3 that can be used for communication between the transceivers 400 and 500.
- an angle profile indicating the relationship between the reception power and the arrival direction as shown in the schematic diagram illustrated in FIG. 7 can be acquired.
- the arrival direction of the signal that is, the direction of the propagation path that can be used for communication can be detected.
- a plane (two-dimensional) propagation environment as shown in FIG. 6 is considered, and therefore the arrival direction on the horizontal axis in FIG. 7 is also a one-dimensional quantity.
- the dimension of the antenna array is assumed to be one dimension.
- the present invention can also be applied to a case where a two-dimensional antenna array is used in a three-dimensional propagation environment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 7 is a two-dimensional array composed of two angles.
- the transceiver 500 is operated to receive and scan the main beam direction, that is, the main lobe.
- an actual antenna array includes a field emission component called a side lobe in addition to the main lobe. This is schematically shown in FIG.
- a signal from a direction different from the main lobe direction (direction called the arrival direction regardless of the presence or absence of the arrival signal in FIG. 7). It happens that the side lobe receives.
- the reception signal by the side lobe is combined with the reception signal by the main lobe in the reception circuit 509, and affects the measured reception power (or other reception signal characteristics).
- the influence method depends on the phase difference between the reception signal due to the main lobe and the reception signal due to the side lobe, and is not necessarily a simple addition.
- reception has been described above as an example, the same thing occurs in the case of transmission. That is, when the side lobe of the transmitter is directed in the propagation path direction, the radiation from the side lobe reaches the receiver and affects the received power (or other received signal characteristics).
- This side lobe effect may affect the angle profile shown in FIG. 7 in two ways.
- the solid line in FIG. 10 schematically shows the first influence mode.
- the effect of the signal received by the side lobe is superimposed on the profile of FIG. 7 (shown by a broken line graph in FIG. 10 for comparison), resulting in a dull angle profile as shown by the solid line graph in FIG. May occur.
- it may be difficult to detect a peak with relatively small received power.
- the solid line in FIG. 11 schematically shows the second influence mode.
- the profile without the sidelobe effect is indicated by a broken line.
- a side lobe having a relatively large electric field strength receives a signal with high power (usually, a direct wave propagating through a high-priority propagation path)
- a side lobe-derived peak as shown in FIG. 11 may appear.
- the arrival direction corresponding to the side lobe-derived peak is the direction in which the main lobe is directed when the side lobe is receiving a high power signal. That is, the arrival direction corresponding to the side lobe-derived peak is a direction in which no signal actually arrives.
- the AWV setting at this time is used, communication using the side lobe instead of the main lobe is possible, but the actual propagation path is a propagation path that propagates a high-power signal (higher priority propagation). Road). Therefore, when the communication quality of a higher-priority propagation path deteriorates due to shielding or the like, the AWV setting for performing sidelobe reception also deteriorates at the same time. Therefore, the AWV setting for performing sidelobe reception has a very low value as the AWV setting stored as a reserve.
- the angle profile acquired by the above-described procedure of scanning the main lobe direction by operating the transceiver 500 to receive is referred to as a “first angle profile”.
- a first angle profile The angle profile acquired by the above-described procedure of scanning the main lobe direction by operating the transceiver 500 to receive is referred to as a “first angle profile”.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 506 performs a peak search using the obtained data string of the first angle profile, and identifies only a signal having the maximum received power (or the best received signal characteristic).
- the signal of the maximum received power is a signal that has propagated through the first propagation path P1.
- the direction of arrival of this maximum received power signal is referred to as the first direction of arrival.
- a training signal is transmitted from the transceiver 400 with the AWV of the transceiver 400 set to generate an omni or pseudo omni pattern.
- This training signal arrives at the transceiver 500 via a plurality of propagation paths.
- the transceiver 500 is again or continuously operated, and the main beam direction (main lobe direction) is scanned by changing the AWV of the antenna array.
- the main beam direction (main lobe direction) is scanned while the null point is fixed in the first arrival direction determined using the result of the previous scanning.
- a data string describing the relationship between the arrival direction of the signal and the received power in the transceiver 500 that has been operated for reception is acquired.
- the null point refers to a direction in which the electric field strength becomes very small in the directivity characteristics of the antenna array.
- FIG. 13 schematically shows changes in the directivity pattern at this time.
- a null point may be directed in the direction including the point where the main beam scanning direction coincides with the first arrival direction or the vicinity thereof. Alternatively, the main beam scanning may not be performed around the first arrival direction.
- An angle profile obtained by scanning the main beam direction (main lobe direction) with the null point fixed in the first arrival direction is referred to as a “second angle profile”.
- An AWV control method for scanning the main beam direction (main lobe direction) with the null point fixed in the first arrival direction will be described in Embodiments 11 to 16.
- the null point is always directed in the first arrival direction, or the main beam scanning around the first arrival direction is omitted. Therefore, the peak of the maximum received power (first propagation path) in the first angle profile does not appear or is greatly suppressed. Also, the two phenomena resulting from the sidelobe effect described above do not appear or are greatly weakened. This is because a null point is always directed to the signal of the first propagation path that causes the two phenomena, and the side lobe does not receive this signal. Accordingly, the second profile as shown by the solid line in FIG. 14 is acquired. In this second profile, the dullness of the profile around the second and third propagation path signals is improved, and no peak due to side-veiling occurs. Therefore, the peak after the second propagation path signal can be detected with high accuracy, and the peak due to the side lobe is not detected.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 506 performs a peak search again using the obtained data string of the second angle profile, and identifies signals in the order of received power. At this time, the identification process may be terminated when the identification is completed up to a predetermined number of signals.
- Patent Document 7 describes that after a database in which beam patterns are arranged in the order of received power is created, a threshold is set for received power, and only beam patterns exceeding the threshold are targeted for updating. The concept of limiting the target to an AWV with a certain level of received power is the same, but the application location and purpose are different.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 506 calculates an AWV for directing the main beam or a beam according to the arrival direction of each signal, and stores the AWV in the storage circuit 508 in the order of received power.
- each signal includes both the first propagation path signal detected from the first angle profile and the signals after the second propagation path detected from the second angle profile.
- the AWV is calculated for both the AWV control circuits 510-1 to 510-L of the receiver 502 and the AWV control circuits 504-1 to 504-1 of the transmitter 501.
- the former may be used when the transceiver 500 performs a reception operation, and the latter may be used when a transmission operation is performed. Further, instead of newly calculating the AWV, it is possible to use the AWV used when the beam scanning is performed, with the main beam or a beam conforming thereto directed in the corresponding arrival direction.
- the roles of the transceivers 400 and 500 are changed, and the same processing is executed. That is, the transceiver 500 is operated to transmit, and the AWV is set to generate an omni or pseudo omni pattern. In this state, the transceiver 500 transmits a training signal.
- the training signal arrives at the transceiver 400 through a plurality of propagation paths. At this time, as shown in FIG. 15, there are first to third propagation paths P1 to P3 whose directions are opposite to those in FIG.
- the transceiver 400 is operated to receive, and the antenna array 411-1 to L, the receiving circuit 409, the control circuit 413, and the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 are interlocked to perform main beam scanning.
- a first angle profile as shown by a solid line in FIG. 16 is obtained.
- the broken line in FIG. 16 is an ideal angle profile when there is no influence due to sidelobe reception.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 performs a peak search using the first angle profile and specifies the arrival direction of the first propagation path signal.
- the transceiver 400 performs main beam scanning while fixing the null point in the specified first arrival direction, and acquires a second angle profile as indicated by a solid line in FIG.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 performs a peak search again using the data string of the obtained second angle profile, and identifies signals in the order of received power. At this time, the identification process may be terminated when the identification is completed up to a predetermined number of signals. Subsequently, the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 calculates an AWV that directs the main beam or a beam according to the arrival direction of each signal, and stores the AWV in the storage circuit 408 in the order of received power.
- each signal includes both the first propagation path signal detected from the first angle profile and the signals after the second propagation path detected from the second angle profile.
- the AWV is calculated for both the AWV control circuits 410-1 to 410-N of the receiver 402 and the AWV control circuits 404-1 to M of the transmitter 401.
- the former may be used when the transceiver 400 performs a reception operation, and the latter may be used when a transmission operation is performed.
- the AWV instead of newly calculating the AWV, it is possible to use the AWV used when the beam scanning is performed, with the main beam or a beam conforming thereto directed in the corresponding arrival direction.
- the distance between the antenna array 505-1 to K of the transmitter 501 of the transceiver 500 and the antenna array 511-1 to L of the receiver 502 is sufficiently smaller than the distance of the propagation path and can be ignored.
- the transceivers 400 and 500 select the AWVs of the same rank from the AWVs stored in the storage circuits 408 and 508 by the method described above and start communication (S13 and S14 in FIG. 1).
- an AWV having a predetermined order among the AWVs stored in the storage circuit 408 may be set in the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M of the transmitter 401.
- an AWV with a predetermined order among the AWVs stored in the storage circuit 408 may be set in the AWV control circuits 410-1 to 410-N of the receiver 402.
- the combination of AWV between the transceivers 400 and 500 is determined based on the received power ranking during training.
- Patent Document 6 describes that AWV is ranked in the order of received power.
- the received power ranks are used to determine the combination of AWV between the transceivers 400 and 500, which is a concept different from that of Patent Document 6.
- the transceivers 400 and 500 select another AWV combination of the same order from the AWVs stored in the storage circuits 408 and 508 (see FIG. 1). S15) The communication quality is confirmed (S16 in FIG. 1), and if it is good, the candidate is adopted (transition from S13 to S14).
- the AWV selection may be performed, for example, in the order of AWV storage, that is, the order of received power in the initial training.
- 18A and 18B are sequence diagrams showing operations of the transceivers 400 and 500 in the transition process from S11 to S13 in FIG. 1, that is, the process from the execution of initial training to the start of communication.
- the transceiver 400 performs a transmission operation and 500 performs a reception operation, the transceiver 400 transmits input data from the outside to the transceiver 500 during normal communication.
- the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 causes the transmission circuit 403 to output a training signal.
- a training signal is transmitted from the transceiver 400 to the transceiver 500.
- the transceiver 400 performs a reception operation and the 500 performs a transmission operation.
- the transceiver 400 performs a reception operation and the 500 performs a transmission operation.
- the transceiver 400 performs a reception operation and the 500 performs a transmission operation.
- the transceiver 400 performs a reception operation and the 500 performs a transmission operation.
- the transceiver 1 the transceiver 1
- the transceiver 500 is represented as “transceiver 2”.
- the transceiver 400 sets the AWV to a training value, that is, an omni or pseudo omni pattern generation value (S602-1), and sends a training signal (S604). 1).
- the transceiver 500 (transmitter / receiver 2 in FIGS. 18A and 18B) changes the AWV (S603-2), and until the signal reception with all the predetermined AWV settings is completed (S605-2), the training signal Is repeated (S604-2).
- the transceiver 500 creates an angle profile (first angle profile) that is a data string indicating the relationship between the received power of the signal and the arrival direction from the measurement result of the received signal (S606-2).
- the transceiver 500 performs a peak search using the data profile of the angle profile, identifies the signal with the maximum received power, and detects its arrival direction (first arrival direction) (S607-2).
- the transmitter / receiver 400 transmits a training signal again (S609-1).
- the transceiver 500 changes the AWV (S608-2), and until the signal reception with all the predetermined AWV settings is completed (S610-2), the training signal Is repeated (S609-2).
- the AWV setting here is performed such that the main beam is scanned while the null point is fixed in the first arrival direction.
- the transceiver 500 creates an angle profile (second angle profile) which is a data string indicating the relationship between the received power of the signal and the arrival direction from the measurement result of the received signal (S611-2).
- the transceiver 500 performs a peak search using the data string of the second angle profile, identifies signals in the order of received power, and detects the arrival direction of each signal (S612-2).
- the identification process may be terminated when the identification is completed up to a predetermined number of signals.
- the transceiver 500 calculates an AWV that directs the main beam or a beam according to the arrival direction of each signal, and stores the AWV in the order of received power (S613-2).
- the transceiver 500 sets the AWV to a training value, that is, a value for generating an omni or pseudo omni pattern (S614-2), and transmits a training signal (S616-2). While changing the AWV (S615-1), the transmitter / receiver 400 repeats the reception of the training signal (S616-1) until the signal reception with all the predetermined AWV settings is completed (S617-1).
- the transceiver 400 creates a first angle profile, which is a data string indicating the relationship between the received power of the signal and the arrival direction, from the measurement result of the received signal (S618-1).
- the transceiver 400 performs a peak search using the data string of the first angle profile, identifies the signal with the maximum received power, and detects the arrival direction (first arrival direction) (S619-2).
- the transmitter / receiver 500 (the transmitter / receiver 2 in FIGS. 18A and 18B) transmits a training signal again (S621-2).
- the transceiver 400 (the transceiver 1 of FIGS. 18A and 18B) changes the AWV (S620-1), and until the signal reception with all the predetermined AWV settings is completed (S622-1), the training signal Is repeatedly received (S621-1).
- the AWV setting here is performed such that the main beam is scanned while the null point is fixed in the first arrival direction.
- the transceiver 400 creates an angle profile (second angle profile) that is a data string indicating the relationship between the received power of the signal and the arrival direction from the measurement result of the received signal (S623-1).
- the transceiver 400 performs a peak search using the data string of the second angle profile, identifies signals in the order of received power, and detects the arrival direction of each signal (S624-1).
- the identification process may be terminated when the identification is completed up to a predetermined number of signals.
- the transceiver 400 calculates an AWV that directs the main beam or a beam according to the arrival direction of each signal, and stores the AWV in the order of received power (S625-1).
- an AWV number to be used is transmitted from the transceiver 400 (S626-1), and the transceiver 500 receives it (S626-2).
- the AWV number is the order of AWV stored in order of received power during training.
- the transmission of the AWV number may be performed in the reverse direction, that is, from the transceiver 500 toward the transceiver 400.
- the selection of the AWV number may be performed in the order of storage, that is, the order of received power.
- the transceivers 400 and 500 set the AWV control circuit to the AWV corresponding to the AWV number (S627-1 and 2). As a result, communication between the transceivers 400 and 500 becomes possible (S628-1 and 2).
- FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram showing operations of the transceivers 400 and 500 in the transition process from S14 to S16 in FIG.
- the transceiver 400 (the transceiver 1 in FIG. 19) is performing a transmission operation
- the transceiver 500 (the transceiver 2 in FIG. 11) is performing a reception operation
- the transceiver 500 during reception operation detects that communication quality has deteriorated (S702-2), and notifies the transceiver 400 (S703-2).
- the transmitter / receiver 400 during the transmission operation receives a communication quality degradation notification from the transmitter / receiver 500 or receives an ACK signal transmitted from the transmitter / receiver 500 through normal communication when data reception is successful. Recognize that there was an interruption (or worsening of communication status).
- the transceivers 400 and 500 each acquire the next candidate AWV from the respective databases (S704-1, 2).
- step S705-1 the transceiver 400 sets the next candidate AWV in the AWV control circuits 404-1-M.
- step S705-2 the transceiver 500 sets the next candidate AWV in the AWV control circuits 510-1 to 510-L.
- the transceivers 400 and 500 resume communication (S706-1, 2).
- the transceiver 500 confirms the communication quality (S707-2). If it is good, the communication is continued, and if not good, an AWV change notification is sent (S708-2).
- the transmitter / receiver 400 continues the communication as it is, except when an AWV change notification is received or when an ACK signal cannot be received from the transmitter / receiver 500 (S709-1). If not, as long as there is a next AWV combination candidate, the transceivers 400 and 500 try to communicate with the next candidate (S710-1, 2). If any of the AWV combination candidates recorded in the storage circuits 408 and 508 does not improve the communication quality and there is no next candidate, the transceivers 400 and 500 return to the initial training.
- the training on the transceiver 500 side is performed first, but the training on the transceiver 400 side may be performed first.
- the first and second angle profiles are created and the AWV calculation / storage is performed by each of the transceivers 400 and 500.
- these processes are collectively performed by one transceiver. You may go.
- data acquired by training of the transceiver 500 may be transmitted to the transceiver 400, and the processing / arithmetic circuit 406 of the transceiver 400 may create an angle profile of the transceiver 500 and perform AWV calculation / storage.
- the transceiver 500 may create an angle profile, send it to the transceiver 400, and perform only AWV calculation / storage in the transceiver 400.
- the AWV instead of sending the AWV number from the transceivers 400 to 500 (S626-1), the AWV may be sent directly to the transceiver 500.
- adding an AWV combination acquired by a method other than the method specifically described in the present specification does not depart from the scope of the present embodiment.
- the present embodiment when communication quality degradation such as wireless communication interruption occurs, communication can be resumed quickly by selecting another AWV combination candidate generated in advance. .
- every time communication quality deteriorates it is not necessary to perform processing such as training, acquisition of an angle profile, and generation of an AWV combination again, so a new beam is determined in a short time. Is possible.
- when generating the above AWV combination candidates it is not necessary to measure the communication quality for all the AWV combinations between the two communication devices, and the generation of the AWV combination candidates is also short. Can be done.
- a propagation path that can be used for wireless communication is limited. That is, direct waves and reflected waves from specific objects such as walls, windows, and fixtures. Therefore, the angle to be radiated or the angle to be received in each propagation path is greatly different depending on each wave (signal).
- a propagation path with low rectilinearity such as a 2.4 GHz microwave band, it is necessary to consider the effects of multiple scattering and diffraction. . For this reason, the situation differs between microwave communication and millimeter wave communication of approximately 10 GHz or more and microwave communication of approximately 2.4 GHz.
- the number of reflected waves other than direct waves is limited. Even when a specific direct wave or reflected wave is blocked by an obstacle (for example, a human body), the blocked specific wave and other waves are uncorrelated. Therefore, as described in the present embodiment, in the millimeter wave communication system, a spare beam direction can be secured while performing communication in a beam direction having the best communication state.
- the frequency is less than about 10 GHz, the contribution to the communication quality of multiple reflection and diffraction is large. Therefore, even if a directional antenna is used, the propagation state of the spare beam direction changes depending on the presence or absence of an obstacle. That is, there is a high possibility that the reception state from the spare beam direction, which is good when there is no obstacle, varies depending on the presence of the obstacle. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain the effect of the present invention in 2.4 GHz microwave communication or the like.
- FIGS. 26A and 26B a propagation path due to local reflection may be formed. This is shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B.
- FIG. 26A there are transceivers 81 and 82, and it is assumed that there are a direct wave A, a local reflected wave B, and a reflected wave C in a distant path as propagation paths in beam forming.
- the direct wave A and the locally reflected wave B are simultaneously blocked by, for example, shielding by the human body.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which priority is not given to a beam direction in the vicinity of a beam direction that has already been given priority, or the priority is lowered.
- the combination of AWVs set in the transceiver 400 and the transceiver 500 is based on the order of received power at the time of initial training.
- the error means that AWVs corresponding to different propagation paths are combined.
- the quality is confirmed in S16 of FIG. 1, and in the case of the above combination error, the process proceeds to S15 and the AWV combination is reselected. , There is no fatal effect such as interrupting communication for a long time or stopping it completely.
- Another countermeasure for this AWV combination error will be described in the seventh embodiment.
- the AWV of the transmitter / receiver to be transmitted is set to an omni or pseudo omni pattern.
- another fixed pattern may be used. That is, the antenna gain may be a fixed pattern beam having direction dependency.
- the pattern needs to have an antenna gain over a sufficiently wide angle range.
- a process for removing the influence of the direction dependency of the antenna gain of the fixed pattern beam from the angle profile acquired by the above method may be added.
- a data string describing the direction dependency of the antenna gain of the fixed pattern beam may be transmitted and received between the transceivers.
- the beam forming operation between two transceivers has been described. Such an operation is often performed between two transceivers in a system composed of three or more transceivers.
- this system there are usually transceivers with special privileges called piconet coordinators and access points.
- piconet coordinators and access points are usually transceivers with special privileges called piconet coordinators and access points.
- which two transmitters / receivers perform the beamforming operation may be determined by a command from a transmitter / receiver normally called a piconet coordinator or an access point.
- the piconet coordinator and access point may issue a command in response to a request from a general transceiver.
- the same processing is executed between the two transceivers 400 and 500 by exchanging roles.
- which transmitter / receiver performs which role first may be determined by a command from a transmitter / receiver called a piconet coordinator or an access point, for example.
- a transition is made from the communication ongoing state (S24) to perform additional second training.
- the second training may be executed periodically, or may be executed as appropriate during an idle period in which no transmission / reception data exists.
- the processing / arithmetic circuits 406 and 506 recalculate a plurality of AWV combination candidates.
- the processing / arithmetic circuits 406 and 506 update the data strings in the storage circuits 408 and 508 with a plurality of AWV candidates obtained by recalculation.
- the situation with respect to the spare beam direction is periodically or appropriately investigated by the second training, and a plurality of AWV combination candidates are updated.
- wireless communications system concerning this Embodiment can always ensure the newest AWV combination candidate.
- the second training (S27) may be divided between communications. This eliminates the need to stop communication for a long time.
- communication is interrupted or communication quality deteriorates, it is required to return in a very short time.
- an arrival direction estimation algorithm is used. There is no problem even if it executes.
- the immediacy requirement is often weaker than the initial training. Therefore, by changing the AWV of the antenna array, the angular resolution when scanning the beam direction is increased and scanning is performed. May be. This makes it possible to search for an AWV combination that realizes better communication quality.
- the scanning in the beam direction in the second training may be performed only in the vicinity of the arrival direction corresponding to each AWV combination obtained in the initial training. This makes it possible to search for an AWV combination that realizes good communication quality in a shorter time.
- a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the transition diagram shown in FIG.
- the configuration of the wireless communication system according to the present embodiment may be the same as that shown in FIG.
- the same operation as that of the second embodiment is performed. That is, the states of S31 to S38 in FIG. 3 and the transition conditions between them are the same as S21 to S28 in FIG. 2 described in the second embodiment. For this reason, detailed description regarding S31 to S38 is omitted.
- the next candidate AWV combination recorded in the database is selected (S35), and fine adjustment is performed in that state (S39).
- This fine adjustment refers to a method of searching for an optimum beam without taking time. Specifically, adjustment may be made so that the communication quality is improved by slightly changing the beam or the set AWV. Further, a simplified beam search procedure such as “Beam Tracking” described in Patent Document 4 may be applied. Further, the same processing as the initial training may be performed around the arrival direction corresponding to the newly selected AWV combination with an angular resolution higher than that of the initial training.
- the received power gradually decreases, and the accuracy is improved. It may get worse.
- gain adjustment at the time of reception and performing fine adjustment in an optimal state in a state where reception power is reduced due to shielding an effect that an AWV combination capable of highly accurate and stable transmission can be found. Is obtained.
- ⁇ Fourth embodiment> training and AWV combination acquisition / setting are performed at a low speed (narrow band), and actual communication is performed at a relatively high speed (wide band).
- the method described in any of the first to third embodiments may be used.
- the received power is expected to be small due to large free space propagation loss. For this reason, when the AWV on the transmission side is set to generate an omni or pseudo omni pattern during training, a sufficient carrier power-to-noise ratio (CNR) may not be obtained. Therefore, by using a low speed (narrow band) with good reception sensitivity, it is possible to expect effects such as training and improvement in accuracy. Note that using a low speed (narrow band) here means narrowing the frequency band used for training signal transmission or adopting a modulation method with a small required CNR so that the noise bandwidth becomes small. means.
- ADV optimum beam
- the first arrival direction is detected from the first angle profile
- the second and subsequent arrival directions are detected from the second angle profile.
- the first propagation path is often a line-of-sight (LOS) component, and its signal strength is overwhelming compared to the second and subsequent propagation paths. This is because there are many strong cases.
- the main factor of the influence of the side lobe effect described above on the angle profile is the first propagation path signal. Therefore, in creating the second angle profile, it is highly possible to detect the arrival angles after the second propagation path using the second angle profile by removing the influence of the first propagation path signal.
- the propagation path numbers are given for convenience in the order of received power or other received signal characteristics.
- the procedure shown in the sequence diagram shown in FIGS. 20A to 20D may be taken.
- the first arrival angle is detected from the first angle profile (S606-2) (S607-2)
- the second arrival angle is detected from the second angle profile (S6062-2) (S6072- 2), and so on.
- the arrival directions of all the remaining signals may be detected together (S612-2).
- step S606k-2 main beam scanning is performed with null points fixed in the (k-1) arrival directions of -1).
- step S608-2 main beam scanning is performed with null points fixed in the first to k-th arrival directions.
- the procedure from S603k-2 to S607k-2 may be repeated until the last signal. That is, detecting one arrival angle from one angle profile may be repeated for all signals.
- the above is the description of the training of the transceiver 500 (the transceiver 2 of FIGS. 20A to 20D), but the same applies to the training portion of the transceiver 400 (the transceiver 1 of FIGS. 20A to 20D).
- FIGS. 21A and 21B For example, for a propagation environment in which the signal strength of the first to kth propagation paths is relatively strong and the signal strength of the (k + 1) th and subsequent propagation paths is greatly reduced, the sequences of FIGS. 21A and 21B are used. The procedure shown in the figure is effective.
- the first angle profile (S606-2) is used to detect the arrival directions of the first to kth signals (S631-2), and then the second angle profile to be acquired is detected.
- the (k + 1) th and subsequent signals are detected using (S611-2) (S632-2).
- null points are set in the first to k-th k arrival directions detected in S631-2.
- the main beam scanning is performed in a fixed state.
- ⁇ Seventh embodiment> As described at the end of the first embodiment, when the combination of AWVs set in the transmitter / receiver 400 and the transmitter / receiver 500 is performed based on the order of received power during initial training, two or more propagation paths When the propagation loss has a close value, or when the accuracy of the pseudo omni pattern is poor, that is, when the antenna gain varies depending on the radiation direction, an error may occur in the AWV combination.
- the error means that AWVs corresponding to different propagation paths are combined. The probability of such an error occurring is considered to depend on the propagation environment and the like, but if errors occur frequently, the procedure described in this embodiment may be applied.
- not all the combinations of the AWV for the transceiver 400 and the AWV for the transceiver 500 are stored, instead of combining the AWV between the transceivers based on the order of the received power at the initial training. , Training is performed, and an AWV combination with good communication quality is ensured.
- An example of a sequence diagram is shown in FIGS. 22A to 22C.
- 22A to 22C are modifications of the sequence diagram shown in FIGS. 18A and 18B, and S641 to S647 are added between S625 and S626 of FIG. 18B.
- the transceiver 400 sequentially sets a plurality of AWVs stored in the storage circuit 408 and transmits a training signal.
- the transceiver 500 performs reception processing of the training signal transmitted from the transceiver 400 while sequentially setting all the AWVs stored in the storage circuit 508.
- the transceiver 500 determines a receiving AWV with the best communication quality for each transmitting AWV used by the transceiver 400 for transmission.
- the transceiver 500 creates a data string (database) indicating a combination of AWVs with good communication quality (S646-2), and transmits the data string (database) indicating a combination of AWVs to the transceiver 400 (S647). -2).
- the transceiver 400 updates the AWV information stored in the storage circuit 408 using the database received from the transceiver 500 (S647-1).
- the number of AWV candidates is limited to a small number in the process up to S625-1, so that the processing time required to measure the transmission quality for all combinations can be suppressed.
- three propagation paths are considered in the illustrative two-dimensional propagation environment shown in FIGS. 6 and 15, the number of propagation paths applicable to communication is limited to a small number in an actual three-dimensional millimeter wave propagation environment. It is assumed that For example, even if there are seven propagation paths, all AWV combinations are at most 49.
- the above procedure for measuring communication quality for all combinations of AWVs may be changed as described below.
- the combination of AWVs set in the transceiver 400 and the transceiver 500 is determined based on the order of received power or other communication quality at the time of initial training.
- a communication quality test is performed on these AWV combinations, and only combinations of AWV combinations that do not satisfy a predetermined communication quality standard are canceled.
- a new AWV combination is searched by performing a communication quality test for all the combinations.
- the priority order of the AWV combinations may be determined again based on the results of the two communication quality tests.
- ⁇ Ninth embodiment> during initial training, a training signal is transmitted from a transceiver that has generated a pseudo omni-pattern, and the other transceiver measures the received signal while changing the AWV to create an angle profile. I was going. However, while changing the AWV of the transmitter / receiver that sends the training signal, the received signal is measured by the other transmitter / receiver that has generated the pseudo-omni pattern, and the angle profile is obtained by feeding back the measurement data to the former transmitter / receiver. It is also possible to create. An example of a sequence diagram in that case is shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B.
- the angle profile in this case is a data string indicating the relationship between the signal radiation direction and the received power. Also, processing for transmitting the received measurement data to the transmitting / receiving transceiver side (S852-1, S852-2, S854-1, S854-2, S856-1, S856-2, S858-1, S858- 2) is inserted.
- the distance between the antenna array 405-1 to M of the transmitter 401 of the transceiver 400 and the antenna array 411-1 to N of the receiver 402 is sufficiently smaller than the distance of the propagation path and can be ignored. Assumed. Similarly, the distance between the antenna array 505-1 to K of the transmitter 501 of the transceiver 500 and the antenna array 511-1 to L of the receiver 502 is sufficiently smaller than the distance of the propagation path and can be ignored.
- these assumptions regarding the distance between the transmitting and receiving antennas are not necessary when the following procedure is taken.
- A One transmitter / receiver (for example, transmitter / receiver 400) is operated to transmit, a pseudo omni pattern is set in the antenna array, and a training signal is transmitted.
- the other transmitter / receiver (for example, the transmitter / receiver 500) is operated to receive and scan the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array.
- C Based on the reception result of the training signal in the transceiver 500 that has been operated for reception, a data string describing the relationship between the arrival direction of the signal in the transceiver 500 and the received signal characteristics is acquired.
- the processes (b) and (c) are performed twice according to the method described in the first embodiment. As described in the first embodiment, the AWV setting method in the second process is different from that in the first process.
- the transceiver 500 is operated to receive and a pseudo omni pattern is set in the antenna array.
- E Scan the beam direction by causing the transceiver 400 to perform a transmission operation and changing the AWV of the antenna array.
- F The reception result of the training signal in the transceiver 500 operated for reception is fed back to the transceiver 400 operated for transmission, and the received signal characteristics in the transceiver 500 opposite to the radiation direction of the signal in the transceiver 400 operated for transmission. Get a data string describing the relationship.
- the processes (e) and (f) are performed twice according to the method described in the first embodiment. As described in the first embodiment, the AWV setting method in the second process is different from that in the first process.
- AWV combination candidates of the transmitter of the transceiver 400 and the receiver of the transceiver 500 can be obtained. If the processes (a) to (f) are performed on the receiver of the transceiver 400 and the transmitter of the transceiver 500, the AWV combination of the receiver of the transceiver 400 and the transmitter of the transceiver 500 can be obtained.
- This control method differs depending on the hardware configuration of the transceivers 400 and 500. Specifically, it differs depending on whether the AWV control circuits 404-1 to 404 -M and 504-1 to M are circuits that control both the phase and amplitude of the signal, or circuits that control only the phase. come.
- the former is, for example, a case where the phase shifter and the gain variable amplifier are connected in series, and the latter is a case where the phase shifter is configured only with the phase shifter.
- the AWV control method differs depending on whether the above-described phase and amplitude are controlled continuously or discretely.
- the former is a case where an analog phase shifter is used
- the latter is a case where a digital phase shifter is used. Therefore, in the following, an AWV control method is shown according to conditions required from these hardware configurations. A plurality of control methods may be presented for some conditions. They should be selected according to conditions such as antenna array characteristics, propagation environment, processing speed of the processing / arithmetic circuits 406 and 506, and are not contradictory.
- Equation (3) the desired complex signal output from the antenna array
- y the complex signal output from the antenna array
- E [•] the expected value calculation.
- the complex vector of the antenna array input can be defined by the following equation (4).
- the antenna array output can be written as in the following equation (5).
- the superscript H in Equation (5) represents a complex conjugate transpose.
- an autocorrelation matrix is defined by the following equation (6).
- a correlation vector between the desired signal and the input signal is defined by the following equation (7).
- Equation (9) the complex vector of the antenna array input can be written as Equation (9).
- d is the element spacing of the antenna array, and ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.
- the correlation vector between the desired signal and the input signal shown in Expression (7) can be transformed as shown in Expression (11) below.
- the purpose here is to scan the main beam direction (main lobe direction) with the null point fixed in the first arrival direction.
- the main beam may be directed in the desired signal direction and the null point may be directed in the first arrival direction. That is, if the Wiener solution given by the equations (8), (10), and (11) is calculated with ⁇ n as the first direction of arrival (fixed value) and ⁇ b as the main beam direction (variable), the desired AWV will be obtained.
- FIG. 25 shows a radiation pattern when the main beam direction (main lobe direction) is scanned with the null point fixed in the first arrival direction by determining AWV based on the method of the eleventh embodiment described above.
- 2 ] 1.0 and E [
- 2 ] 0.1. It can be seen that the null-point fixed main beam scanning function is well realized.
- ⁇ Twelfth embodiment> A control method in the case of continuously controlling either or both of the AWV phase and amplitude will be described.
- the electric field intensity E b (W) in the main beam direction the electric field intensity E n (W) in the null point direction, and the maximum electric field intensity of the side lobe in the direction excluding the periphery in the main beam direction.
- the evaluation function can be defined as a function of AWV as shown in Expression (12).
- k b , k n , and k s are coefficients for setting the weighting of the contribution of each term, and an optimal value may be set according to the propagation environment and antenna array characteristics.
- k b is a positive value
- k n and k s are normally negative values.
- an average value of the electric field strengths of a plurality of side lobes may be incorporated into the evaluation function.
- the AWV to maximum (if k b positive) the evaluation function may be determined by numerical calculation.
- ⁇ Thirteenth embodiment> A control method in the case of discretely controlling the phase and / or amplitude of AWV will be described.
- the radiation pattern of the antenna array may be calculated for all the discretized AWV amplitudes or phases, or a combination thereof, or obtained by an alternative means.
- the optimum AWV may be determined in consideration of the electric field strength of the main beam, the null depth, the side lobe characteristics in the direction excluding the periphery in the main beam direction, and the like.
- an evaluation function as described in the twelfth embodiment may be defined to automatically determine the optimum AWV.
- This discretization law is an example, and another law may be applied.
- the amplitude can be discretized. Both the phase and amplitude may be discretized, or only one may be discretized and the other may be continuously controlled.
- the method of the present embodiment corresponds to obtaining an approximate solution by discretizing the Wiener solution with appropriate accuracy.
- the AWV control method for scanning the main beam direction (main lobe direction) with the null point fixed in the first arrival direction has been described.
- the calculation of the AWV is performed before the start of the initial training for all the combinations of the main beam direction and the null direction discretized with a desired angular resolution, or a part of each, and the calculation result is stored in the storage circuit 408. 508, etc., and may be called at the time of initial training (for example, S608-2 and S620-1 in FIG. 18).
- a calculation method may be used during initial training (for example, S608-2 and S620-1 in FIG. 18).
- ⁇ Seventeenth embodiment> A control method in the case where the phase and / or amplitude of the AWV is continuously controlled will be described.
- an evaluation function is defined in consideration of the variation amount of the electric field strength with respect to the radiation angle in a desired radiation angle range.
- an AWV that minimizes the evaluation function may be obtained by numerical calculation.
- ⁇ Eighteenth embodiment> A control method in the case of discretely controlling the phase and / or amplitude of AWV will be described.
- the radiation pattern of the antenna array may be calculated for all the discretized AWV amplitudes or phases, or a combination thereof, or obtained by an alternative means.
- the optimum AWV may be determined in consideration of the variation amount of the electric field intensity with respect to the radiation angle in the desired radiation angle range.
- an evaluation function may be defined to automatically determine the optimum AWV.
- AWV control method for generating the pseudo omni pattern has been described. These AWV calculations are performed before the start of the initial training, and the calculation results are stored in the storage circuits 408, 508, etc., and called at the time of the initial training (for example, S602-1, S614-2 in FIG. 18). Also good.
- the communication quality includes, for example, reception level, signal power to noise power ratio (SNR: SignalSignNoise Ratio), bit error rate (BER: Bit Error Rate), packet error rate (PER: Packet Error Rate), frame error rate (FER: Frame Error Rate) or the like may be used as long as it represents communication quality, and one or more of them may be used.
- SNR SignalSignNoise Ratio
- bit error rate BER: Bit Error Rate
- PER Packet Error Rate
- frame error rate FER: Frame Error Rate
- control and arithmetic processing related to generation / switching of AWV candidates performed by the transceivers 400 and 500 in the first to tenth embodiments described above execute a program for transceiver control on a computer such as a microprocessor.
- the program can be stored in various types of storage media, and can be transmitted via a communication medium.
- the storage medium includes, for example, a flexible disk, a hard disk, a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD, a ROM cartridge, a RAM memory cartridge with battery backup, a flash memory cartridge, a nonvolatile RAM cartridge, and the like.
- the communication medium includes a wired communication medium such as a telephone line, a wireless communication medium such as a microwave line, and the Internet.
- the computer that executes the transceiver control program includes steps S602-1 to S627-1 in FIGS. 18A and 18B, and steps S703-1 to S705-1, S708 in FIG. The processing from 1 to S710-1 may be executed.
- control and calculation processing related to generation / switching of AWV candidates performed by the transceiver 500 can be realized by causing a computer such as a microprocessor to execute a program for transceiver control.
- the computer that executes the transceiver control program includes steps S603-2 to S627-2 in FIGS. 18A and B, and steps S702-2 to S705-2, S707- in FIG. The processing from 2 to S710-2 may be executed.
- the processing / arithmetic circuits 406 and 506 digital signals from a part of the transmission circuits 403 and 503 (modulation processing, etc.), a part of the reception circuits 409 and 509 (demodulation processing, etc.), the control circuits 407 and 507, etc.
- the components related to processing or device control may be realized by a computer such as a microcomputer or a DSP (Digital Signal Processor).
- so-called software antenna technology may be applied to the transceivers 400 and 500.
- the AWV control circuits 404-1 to M, 410-1 to N, 504-1 to K, and 510-1 to L may be configured by digital filters or by a computer such as a DSP. May be.
- the operation of the main beam direction, the creation of the angle profile, and the like are performed by the transceiver operated by the receiving operation while the pseudo omni pattern is generated by the transmitting / receiving device.
- the above procedure may be divided into a plurality of times. That is, after a pseudo omni pattern is generated and an angle profile is acquired, a pseudo omni pattern covering another direction range is generated, and the angle profile is acquired again. Finally, a signal may be specified using a plurality of obtained angle profiles.
- “sufficient direction range” means a direction range including all propagation paths used for communication.
- Non-patent document 5 discloses a method for covering a necessary angle range with a combination of a plurality of pseudo omni patterns.
- the invention described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-240156 (filed on Sep. 19, 2008) is simple and quick in a propagation environment where the above-mentioned side lobe influence is not a problem or in the use of an antenna array.
- a means for determining AWV is provided.
- the invention according to each of the embodiments described above is highly accurate even under conditions where the effect of side lobe is a problem, although the procedure is complicated and the processing time is increased compared to Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-240156.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
- a wireless communication device that performs beam forming as disclosed in Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 5, it is used for communication based on a transmission / reception result of a training signal. It is widely applicable when determining the AWV to be performed.
- the idea of the present invention includes the methods shown in the following first to sixth examples.
- AWV array weight vector
- a control method of a wireless communication system in which a plurality of communication devices provided individually perform communication When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, (A): A fixed beam pattern is set in the antenna array of the first communication device among the plurality of communication devices, and a training signal is transmitted from the first communication device, (B): receiving the training signal in the second communication device while scanning the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array of the second communication device among the plurality of communication devices; (C): Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a first data string representing the relationship between the signal arrival direction and the received signal characteristics in the second communication device, (D):
- the training signal is received by the two communication devices; (F): Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a second data string representing the relationship between the signal arrival direction and the reception signal characteristic in the second communication device, (G): An AWV having a main beam or an equivalent beam direction in the arrival direction of a plurality of signals or a single signal in the second communication device determined by using the second data string is determined for each signal, (H): The training signal transmission operation and the reception operation performed by the first communication device and the second communication device are switched to execute the steps (a) to (g).
- An AWV having a main beam in the direction of arrival or a beam direction equivalent thereto and an AWV having a main beam or a beam direction equivalent thereto in the direction of arrival of a plurality of signals or a single signal determined using the second data sequence (I): Use of the combination of the AWV obtained in the procedures (d) and (g) and the AWV obtained in the procedure (h) for communication between the first and second communication devices.
- AWV array weight vector
- a control method of a wireless communication system in which a plurality of communication devices provided individually perform communication When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, (A): A fixed beam pattern is set in the antenna array of the first communication device among the plurality of communication devices, and a training signal is transmitted from the first communication device, (B): receiving the training signal in the second communication device while scanning the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array of the second communication device among the plurality of communication devices; (C): Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a first data string representing the relationship between the signal arrival direction and the received signal characteristics in the second communication device, (D): determining the arrival direction (hereinafter referred to as the first arrival
- the second communication device receives the training signal while scanning the beam direction in the (G): Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a (k + 1) th data string representing the relationship between the signal arrival direction and the reception signal characteristic in the second communication device, (H): An AWV having a main beam or an equivalent beam direction in the arrival direction of a plurality of signals or a single signal in the second communication device determined by using the (k + 1) th data string for each signal. Seeking (I): First to second in the first communication device are executed by exchanging the transmission operation and the reception operation of the training signal by the first and second communication devices and executing (a) to (h).
- An antenna array, and an array weight vector (hereinafter, AWV) control circuit that changes at least one of amplitude and phase of a signal transmitted from a plurality of antenna elements constituting the antenna array or a signal received by the antenna element A control method of a wireless communication system in which a plurality of communication devices provided individually perform communication, When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, (A): A fixed beam pattern is set in the antenna array of the first communication device among the plurality of communication devices, and a training signal is transmitted from the first communication device, (B): receiving the training signal in the second communication device while scanning the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array of the second communication device among the plurality of communication devices; (C): Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a first data string representing the relationship between the arrival direction of the signal and the received signal characteristic in the second communication device, (D): Arrival direction (hereinafter, first, second,..., K
- An antenna array and an array weight vector (AWV) control circuit that individually changes at least one of amplitude and phase of a signal transmitted from a plurality of antenna elements constituting the antenna array or a signal received by the antenna element are provided.
- a control method of a wireless communication system in which a plurality of communication devices communicate When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, (A): a first communication device among the plurality of communication devices performs a receiving operation, and sets a fixed beam pattern in the antenna array; (B): A second communication device among the plurality of communication devices emits a training signal while scanning the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array; (C): feeding back reception signal data indicating the reception result of the training signal measured in the first communication device to the second communication device; (D): based on the received signal data, obtain a first data string representing a relationship between a signal radiation direction in the second communication device and a received signal characteristic in the first communication device
- a first antenna comprising: an antenna array; and an array weight vector (AWV) control circuit that changes at least one of an amplitude and a phase of a signal transmitted from a plurality of antenna elements constituting the antenna array or a signal received by the antenna element.
- AAV array weight vector
- a control method of a wireless communication system for performing communication between the communication device and a second communication device using a fixed beam pattern When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, the first communication device performs a reception operation, and scans the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array, Based on the reception result of the training signal, obtain a first data string representing the relationship between the signal arrival direction and the received signal characteristics in the first communication device, The first data string is used to determine the arrival direction (hereinafter referred to as the first arrival direction) of one signal in the first communication device, and the main beam in the first arrival direction or a beam direction equivalent thereto.
- the arrival direction hereinafter referred to as the first arrival direction
- the first communication device scans the beam direction in a state where the null direction or the direction equivalent thereto is fixed in the first arrival direction.
- Receiving the training signal at Based on the reception result of the training signal a second data string representing a relation between the arrival direction of the signal and the reception signal characteristic in the first communication device is obtained, AWV having a main beam or an equivalent beam direction in the arrival direction of a plurality or a single signal in the first communication device determined using the second data string is determined for each signal,
- a method for controlling a wireless communication system wherein the AWV obtained using the first and second data strings is used for wireless communication between the first and second communication devices.
- a method of controlling a wireless communication system for performing communication between a communication device and a second communication device using a fixed beam pattern When independently controlling the AWV of at least two antenna elements among the plurality of antenna elements forming the antenna array, the first communication device performs a transmission operation and emits a training signal while scanning the beam direction by changing the AWV of the antenna array, Feedback received signal data indicating a reception result of the training signal measured in the second communication device to the first communication device; Based on the received signal data, create a first data string representing the relationship between the signal radiation direction in the first communication device and the received signal characteristics in the second communication device, A radiation direction (hereinafter referred to as a first radiation direction) of one signal in the first communication
- the first communication device scans the beam direction in a state where the null direction or the direction equivalent thereto is fixed in the first radiation direction.
- Based on a reception result of the training signal a second data string representing a relationship between a signal radiation direction in the first communication device and a reception signal characteristic in the second communication device is obtained,
- An AWV having a main beam or a beam direction equivalent thereto in the radiation direction of a plurality or a single signal determined using the second data sequence is determined for each signal,
- a method for controlling a wireless communication system wherein the AWV obtained using the first and second data strings is used for wireless communication between the first and second communication devices.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、w1、w2、・・・wMは複素数であり、添え字Tは転置を表す。信号の位相のみを制御する場合には、式(1)は、以下の式(2)のように表記することができる。
ここで、θ1、θ2、・・・、θMは位相制御量である。
(a):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。ここで、前記第1の通信機は、ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う。;
(b):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(c):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で再び前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。ここで、前記第1の通信機は、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態でビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う。;
(d):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(e):前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVとを求めること;及び
(f):前記少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと前記少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVを、前記第1及び第2の通信機間の通信に選択的に使用すること。
(a):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。ここで、前記第1の通信機は、ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う。;
(b):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(c):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で再び前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。ここで、前記第1の通信機は、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態でビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う。;
(d):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(e):前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVとを求めること;及び
(f):前記少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと前記少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVを、前記第1及び第2の通信機間の通信に選択的に使用すること。
(a):前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査しながら、相手装置から送信されたトレーニング信号を前記無線通信装置において受信すること;
(b):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記無線通信装置における少なくとも1つの主要な信号到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定すること;
(c):前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態で前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査しながら、前記無線通信装置において前記トレーニング信号を受信すること;
(d):前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記無線通信装置における前記第1の到来方向とは異なる少なくとも1つの信号到来方向(以下、第2の到来方向)を決定すること、
(e):前記第1の到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVと、前記第2の到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれ求めること;及び
(f):前記(e)の手順で求めたAWVを前記相手装置との間の無線通信に利用すること。
さらに、前記処理部は以下の(a)~(c)の処理を行うよう構成されている。
(a)前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記受信部が前記相手装置から送信されるトレーニング信号を受信した結果に基づいて、少なくとも1つの主要な信号到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定すること;
(b)前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態で前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記受信部が前記トレーニング信号を受信した結果に基づいて、前記第1の到来方向とは異なる少なくとも1つの信号到来方向(以下、第2の到来方向)を決定すること;及び
(c)前記AWV制御部に供給するために、前記第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVと、前記第2の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求めること。
本発明における第1の実施の形態を、図1に示した遷移図を用いて説明する。なお本実施の形態にかかる無線通信システムの装置構成は、例えば、図5に示した装置構成を採用することができる。
主ローブを走査しながらトレーニング信号を受信する際、図9に示すように主ローブ方向(図7において到来信号の有無にかかわらず到来方向と呼んでいる方向)とは別の方向からの信号をサイドローブが受信することが起こる。このサイドローブによる受信信号は、主ローブによる受信信号と受信回路509内で合成され、測定している受信電力(あるいは他の受信信号特性)に影響を及ぼす。影響の仕方は、主ローブによる受信信号とサイドローブによる受信信号の位相差に依存するので、単純な加算とは限らない。以上においては受信の場合を例に説明したが、送信の場合にも同様の事が起こる。すなわち、送信機のサイドローブが伝搬路方向を向いた場合、サイドローブからの放射が受信機に達し、受信電力(あるいは他の受信信号特性)に影響を及ぼす。
本発明における第2の実施の形態を、図2に示した遷移図を用いて説明する。なお本実施の形態に係る無線通信システムの構成は、図5に示したものと同様とすればよい。図2のS21~S26の各状態とこれらの間での遷移条件は、第1の実施の形態で述べた図1のS11~S16と同様である。このため、S21~S26に関する詳細な説明は省略する。
本発明における第3の実施の形態を、図3に示した遷移図を用いて説明する。本実施の形態にかかる無線通信システムの構成は、図5に示したものと同様とすればよい。また、第3の実施の形態では、第2の実施の形態と同じ動作を行う。つまり、図3のS31~S38の各状態とこれらの間での遷移条件は、第2の実施の形態で述べた図2のS21~S28と同様である。このため、S31~S38に関する詳細な説明は省略する。
第4の実施の形態では、トレーニング及びAWV組合せの取得・設定を低速(狭帯域)で行い、実際の通信は比較的高速(広帯域)で行うことを特徴とする。それ以外の動作は、第1~第3の実施の形態の何れかに記載の方法を用いればよい。
第1の実施の形態においては、第1角度プロファイルから第1到来方向を検出し、第2角度プロファイルから第2以降の到来方向を検出するとしていた。これは、多くの伝搬環境において、特にミリ波の伝搬環境においては、第1伝搬路が見通し(LOS)成分であることが多く、その信号強度が第2以降の伝搬路に比較し圧倒的に強い場合が多いためである。この場合、先に述べたサイドローブの効果が角度プロファイルへ与える影響の主要因は第1伝搬路信号である。従って、第2角度プロファイルの作成に当って、この第1伝搬路信号の影響を除去することにより、第2角度プロファイルを用いて第2伝搬路以降の到来角度を検出できる可能性が高い。ここで、上記の伝搬路の番号は受信電力あるいは他の受信信号特性の順に便宜的に付与したものである。
例えば、第1から第k番目までの伝搬路の信号強度が比較的強く、第(k+1)番目以降の伝搬路の信号強度が大きく落ちるような伝搬環境に対しては、図21A及び21Bのシーケンス図に示すような手順が有効になる。この実施の形態においては、第1角度プロファイル(S606-2)を用いて、第1から第k番目までの信号の到来方向の検出を行い(S631-2)、続いて取得する第2角度プロファイル(S611-2)を用いて第(k+1)番目以降の信号の検出を行う(S632-2)。ここで、第2角度プロファイル作成(S611-2)のためのトレーニング用AWV設定(S608-2)においては、S631-2において検出した第1から第k番目のk個の到来方向へヌル点を固定した状態で主ビーム走査を行うようにする。以上は送受信機500(図21の送受信機2)のトレーニングの説明であるが、送受信機400(図21の送受信機1)のトレーニングの部分についても同様である。
第1の実施の形態の末尾でも述べたように、送受信機400と送受信機500に設定するAWVの組合せを、初期トレーニング時の受信電力の順序を手掛かりに行うと、2つ以上の伝搬路の伝搬損失が近い値を有する場合、あるいは擬似オムニパターンの精度が悪い、すなわち放射方向によりアンテナ利得にばらつきがある場合などに、AWVの組合せにエラーが起こる可能性がある。ここでエラーとは、異なる伝搬路に対応するAWV同士が組み合わされてしまうことを意味する。このようなエラーが起こる確率は伝搬環境等に依存するものと考えられるが、エラーが高頻度で起こる場合には、本実施の形態で述べる手順を適用するとよい。
以上の説明においては、ビームフォーミングにより指向性ビームを形成する送受信機間での通信を想定していた。しかし本発明は、固定ビームを形成する送受信機とビームフォーミングにより指向性ビームを形成する送受信機の通信にも適用可能である。送受信機400を固定ビームの送受信機、送受信機500をビームフォーミングにより指向性ビームを形成する送受信機とすると、この場合には送受信機500についてのみトレーニングを行えばよいので、シーケンス図は例えば図23のようになる。
以上の実施の形態においては、初期トレーニング時に、擬似オムニパターンを発生させた送受信機からトレーニング信号を送出し、他方の送受信機において、AWVを変化させながら受信信号を測定し、角度プロファイルの作成を行っていた。しかし、トレーニング信号を送出する送受信機のAWVを変化させながら、擬似オムニパターンを発生させた他方の送受信機で受信信号の測定を行い、測定データを前者の送受信機にフィードバックすることにより角度プロファイルの作成を行うことも可能である。その場合のシーケンス図の一例を図24A及びBに示す。
第1の実施の形態において、送受信機400の送信機401のアンテナアレイ405-1~Mと受信機402のアンテナアレイ411-1~Nの距離は、伝搬路の距離に比べ十分小さく無視できると仮定した。同様に、送受信機500の送信機501のアンテナアレイ505-1~Kと受信機502のアンテナアレイ511-1~Lの距離は、伝搬路の距離に比べ十分小さく無視できるとした。しかし、これらの送受アンテナ間距離に関する仮定は以下のような手順をとる場合には不要になる。
(a)一方の送受信機(例えば送受信機400)を送信動作させ、そのアンテナアレイにおいて擬似オムニパターンを設定してトレーニング信号を送信する。
(b)他方の送受信機(例えば送受信機500)を受信動作させ、そのアンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査する。
(c)受信動作させた送受信機500におけるトレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、送受信機500における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を記述したデータ列を取得する。
この(b)及び(c)の処理は、第1の実施の形態で述べた方法に従い2度行う。2度目の処理におけるAWV設定の仕方が1度目と異なることも、第1の実施の形態で述べた通りである。
(d)送受信機500を受信動作させ、そのアンテナアレイにおいて擬似オムニパターンを設定する。
(e)送受信機400を送信動作させ、そのアンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査する。
(f)受信動作させた送受信機500におけるトレーニング信号の受信結果を送信動作させた送受信機400にフィードバックし、送信動作させた送受信機400における信号の放射方向と対向する送受信機500における受信信号特性との関係を記述したデータ列を取得する。
この(e)及び(f)の処理は、第1の実施の形態で述べた方法に従い2度行う。2度目の処理におけるAWV設定の仕方が1度目と異なることも、第1の実施の形態で述べた通りである。
以上の結果を使えば、送受信機400の送信機と送受信機500の受信機のAWV組合せ候補を求めることができる。(a)~(f)の処理を送受信機400の受信機と送受信機500の送信機について行えば、送受信機400の受信機と送受信機500の送信機のAWV組合せを求めることができる。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方を連続的に制御する場合の制御方法を述べる。以下の説明では等間隔線形アレイを想定しているが、非等間隔アレイ、2次元アレイ等のより一般的な場合についても同様の考え方が適用可能である。
さらに、アンテナアレイ入力の複素ベクトルは、以下の式(4)により定義できる。式(4)におけるxi(t) (i=1,2,・・・,M)は、アンテナアレイの各素子への入力信号を表す。これにより、アンテナアレイ出力は、以下の式(5)のように書くことができる。式(5)における上添字Hは複素共役転置を表す。
さらに、自己相関行列(autocorrelation matrix)は以下の式(6)により定義される。また、所望信号と入力信号の相関ベクトル(correlation vector)は以下の式(7)により定義される。ここで、上添字 * は複素共役を表す。
このとき、式(3)で定義される平均自乗誤差を最小にするAWVは、以下の式(8)で与えられることが知られている。式(8)に示すAWVは、ウィーナ解(Wiener solution)と呼ばれる。この事項は、例えば非特許文献7~9に記載されている。
このとき、式(6)に示した自己相関行列の(k,l) 成分 (k,l=1,2,・・・,M) は、以下の式(10)で表すことができる。dはアンテナアレイの素子間隔、λは電磁波の波長である。
また、式(7)に示した所望信号と入力信号の相関ベクトルは、以下の式(11)のように変形できる。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方、もしくは一方を連続的に制御する場合の制御方法を述べる。本実施の形態においては、先ず、主ビーム方向の電界強度Eb(W)、ヌル点方向の電界強度En(W)、主ビーム方向の周辺を除いた方向のサイドローブの電界強度の最大値Es(W)等から構成される評価関数を定義する。評価関数は、例えば、AWVの関数として式(12)のように定義できる。
ここで、kb、kn、ksはそれぞれの項の寄与の重み付けを設定する係数であり、伝搬環境やアンテナアレイ特性に応じて最適な値を設定すればよい。係数kbを正値とした場合には、通常kn、ksは負値とする。サイドローブの電界強度については、最大値の代わりに、複数のサイドローブの電界強度の平均値を評価関数に組み込んでもよい。次に、評価関数を最大(kb正の場合)とするAWVを数値計算により求めればよい。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方、もしくはいずれか一方を離散的に制御する場合の制御方法を述べる。この場合には、離散化された全てのAWVの振幅もしくは位相又はそれらの組合せについて、アンテナアレイの放射パターンを計算、あるいはその代替手段により求めればよい。そして、主ビームの電界強度、ヌル深さ、主ビーム方向の周辺を除いた方向のサイドローブ特性等を考慮し、最適なAWVを決定すればよい。その際、第12の実施の形態で述べたような評価関数を定義し、自動的に最適なAWVを決定するようにしてもよい。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方を離散的に、もしくは一方を離散的に、他方を連続的に制御する場合の第1の制御方法を述べる。本実施の形態においては、第11の実施の形態で述べた手順により一旦AWVを計算した後、その位相及び振幅を、ハードウェア構成に応じて離散化する。例えば、2ビット(4値)のデジタル移相器を用いて位相を離散的に制御する場合、ウィーナ解の位相が-π/4<arg(Wopt)≦π/4の場合にはarg(Wopt)=0、π/4<arg(Wopt)≦3π/4の場合にはarg(Wopt)=π/2、3π/4<arg(Wopt)≦5π/4の場合にはarg(Wopt)=π、5π/4<arg(Wopt)≦7π/4の場合にはarg(Wopt)=3π/2、といったように離散化すればよい。この離散化の法則は一例であり、別の法則を適用してもよい。振幅についても、同様に離散化が可能である。なお、位相と振幅の両方を離散化してもよいし、一方のみを離散化し他方を連続制御してもよい。本実施の形態の方法は、ウィーナ解を適当な精度で離散化することにより、近似解を求めることに相当する。
第11~14の実施の形態において、第1到来方向へヌル点を固定した状態で主ビーム方向(主ローブ方向)を走査するためのAWV制御方法について述べた。それらのAWVの計算は、所望の角度分解能で離散化した主ビーム方向とヌル方向の全ての組合せ、もしくはその一部のそれぞれに対して、初期トレーニングの開始以前に行い、計算結果を記憶回路408、508等に備蓄し、初期トレーニングの際(例えば、図18におけるS608-2、S620-1)に呼び出す方式にしてもよい。
あるいは、初期トレーニングの際(例えば、図18におけるS608-2、S620-1)に計算する方式としてもよい。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方、もしくはいずれか一方を連続的に制御する場合の制御方法を述べる。本実施の形態においては、先ず、所望の放射角度範囲における放射角度に対する電界強度の変動量等を考慮した評価関数を定義する。次に、評価関数を最小(評価関数が放射角度に対する電界強度の変動量の場合)とするAWVを数値計算により求めればよい。
AWVの位相と振幅の両方、もしくはいずれか一方を離散的に制御する場合の制御方法を述べる。この場合には、離散化された全てのAWVの振幅もしくは位相又はそれらの組合せについて、アンテナアレイの放射パターンを計算、あるいはその代替手段により求めればよい。そして、所望の放射角度範囲における放射角度に対する電界強度の変動量等を考慮し、最適なAWVを決定すればよい。その際、第17の実施の形態で述べたように評価関数を定義し、自動的に最適なAWVを決定するようにしてもよい。
第17及び18の実施の形態において、擬似オムニパターンを発生するためのAWV制御方法について述べた。それらのAWVの計算は初期トレーニングの開始以前に行い、計算結果を記憶回路408、508等に備蓄し、初期トレーニングの際(例えば、図18におけるS602-1、S614-2)に呼び出す方式にしてもよい。
<第1の例>
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子から送信される信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御回路とを個々に備えた複数の通信機が通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
(a):前記複数の通信機のうち第1の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイに固定ビームパターンを設定するとともに、前記第1の通信機からトレーニング信号を送信し、
(b):前記複数の通信機のうち第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(c):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を取得し、
(d):前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第2の通信機における一つの信号の到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(e):前記第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1の到来方向にヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(f):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第2のデータ列を取得し、
(g):前記第2のデータ列を用いて決定した前記第2の通信機における複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
(h):前記第1及び第2の通信機による前記トレーニング信号の送信動作と受信動作を入れ替えて前記(a)乃至(g)を実行することにより、前記第1の通信機における第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWV、及び第2のデータ列を用いて決定する複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(i):前記(d)、(g)の手順で求めたAWVと、(h)の手順で求めたAWVの組み合わせを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子から送信される信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御回路とを個々に備えた複数の通信機が通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
(a):前記複数の通信機のうち第1の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイに固定ビームパターンを設定するとともに、前記第1の通信機からトレーニング信号を送信し、
(b):前記複数の通信機のうち第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(c):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を取得し、
(d):前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第2の通信機における一つの信号の到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(e):下記(e1)~(e3)を、k=2から必要数まで繰返し、
(e1):前記第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1から第(k-1)の到来方向全てにヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(e2):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第kのデータ列を取得し、
(e3):前記第kのデータ列を用いて前記第2の通信機における一つの信号の到来方向(以下、第kの到来方向)を決定するとともに、前記第kの到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求める
(f)前記第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1から第kの到来方向全てにヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(g):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第(k+1)のデータ列を取得し、
(h):前記第(k+1)のデータ列を用いて決定した前記第2の通信機における複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
(i):前記第1及び第2の通信機による前記トレーニング信号の送信動作と受信動作を入れ替えて前記(a)乃至(h)を実行することにより、前記第1の通信機における第1乃至第kの到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWV、及び第(k+1)のデータ列を用いて決定する複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(j):前記(d)、(e3)、及び(h)の手順で求めたAWVと、(i)の手順で求めたAWVの組み合わせを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子から送信される信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御回路とを個々に備えた複数の通信機が通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
(a):前記複数の通信機のうち第1の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイに固定ビームパターンを設定するとともに、前記第1の通信機からトレーニング信号を送信し、
(b):前記複数の通信機のうち第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(c):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を取得し、
(d):前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第2の通信機におけるk個(kは2以上の自然数)の信号の到来方向(以下、第1、第2、・・・、第kの到来方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1、第2、・・・、第kそれぞれの到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(e):前記第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1、第2、・・・、第k全ての到来方向にヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第2の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(f):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第2のデータ列を取得し、
(g):前記第2のデータ列を用いて決定した前記第2の通信機における複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
(h):前記第1及び第2の通信機による前記トレーニング信号の送信動作と受信動作を入れ替えて前記(a)乃至(g)を実行することにより、前記第1の通信機における第1乃至第kそれぞれの到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWV、及び第2のデータ列を用いて決定する複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(i):前記(d)、(g)の手順で求めたAWVと、(h)の手順で求めたAWVの組み合わせを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子から送信する信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信する信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路とを個々に備えた複数の通信機が通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
(a):前記複数の通信機のうち第1の通信機が受信動作を行うとともに、そのアンテナアレイに固定ビームパターンを設定し、
(b):前記複数の通信機のうち第2の通信機がそのアンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査しながらトレーニング信号を放射し、
(c):前記第1の通信機において測定された前記トレーニング信号の受信結果を示す受信信号データを前記第2の通信機へフィードバックし、
(d):前記受信信号データに基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の放射方向と前記第1の通信機における受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を取得し、
(e):前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第2の通信機における一つの信号の放射方向(以下、第1の放射方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
(f):前記第2の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1の放射方向にヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、トレーニング信号を放射し、
(g):前記第1の通信機において測定された前記トレーニング信号の受信結果を示す受信信号データを前記第2の通信機へフィードバックし、
(h):前記受信信号データに基づいて、前記第2の通信機における信号の放射方向と前記第1の通信機における受信信号特性の関係を表す第2のデータ列を取得し、
(i):前記第2のデータ列を用いて決定した複数または単数の信号の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
(j):前記第1及び第2の通信機による前記トレーニング信号の送信動作と受信動作を入れ替えて前記(a)乃至(i)を実行することにより、前記第1の通信機における複数または単数の信号の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
(k):前記(e)、(i)の手順で求めたAWVと、前記(j)の手順で求めたAWVの組み合わせを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子から送信する信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信する信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路とを備えた第1の通信機と、固定のビームパターンを用いる第2の通信機との間で通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
前記第2の通信機からトレーニング信号が送信されている状態で、前記第1の通信機が受信動作をし、前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査し、
前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を取得し、
前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第1の通信機における一つの信号の到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
前記第1の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1の到来方向にヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第1の通信機において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における信号の到来方向と受信信号特性の関係を表す第2のデータ列を取得し、
前記第2のデータ列を用いて決定した前記第1の通信機における複数または単数の信号の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
前記第1及び第2のデータ列を用いて求めたAWVを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の無線通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成するアンテナ素子から送信する信号または前記アンテナ素子で受信する信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路とを備えた第1の通信機と、固定のビームパターンを用いる第2の通信機との間で通信を行う無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記アンテナアレイをなす複数のアンテナ素子のうち少なくとも2つ以上のアンテナ素子のAWVを独立に制御するに際して、
前記第2の通信機が受信動作をしている状態で、前記第1の通信機が送信動作をし、前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることによりビーム方向を走査しながらトレーニング信号を放射し、
前記第2の通信機において測定された前記トレーニング信号の受信結果を示す受信信号データを前記第1の通信機へフィードバックし、
前記受信信号データに基づいて、前記第1の通信機における信号の放射方向と前記第2の通信機における受信信号特性の関係を表す第1のデータ列を作成し、
前記第1のデータ列を用いて前記第1の通信機における一つの信号の放射方向(以下、第1の放射方向)を決定するとともに、前記第1の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求め、
前記第1の通信機が有する前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記第1の放射方向にヌル方向もしくはそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でビーム方向を走査しながら、前記第1の通信機から前記トレーニング信号を放射し、
前記第2の通信機において測定された前記トレーニング信号の受信結果を示す受信信号データを前記第1の通信機へフィードバックし、
前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における信号の放射方向と前記第2の通信機における受信信号特性の関係を表す第2のデータ列を取得し、
前記第2のデータ列を用いて決定した複数または単数の信号の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれの信号に対して求め、
前記第1及び第2のデータ列を用いて求めたAWVを前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の無線通信に利用することを特徴とする無線通信システムの制御方法。
401、801、81、91 送信機
402、502、82、92 受信機
403、503 送信回路
404-1~M、504-1~K AWV(アレイ重みベクトル)制御回路
405-1~M、505-1~K 送信アンテナアレイ
406、506 処理・演算回路
407、507 制御回路
408、508 記憶回路
409、509 受信回路
410-1~N、510-1~L AWV(アレイ重みベクトル)制御回路
411-1~N、511-1~L 受信アンテナアレイ
413、513 制御回路
83 ビームパターン(イメージ)
84、85 反射体
86 人体
61 壁
Claims (55)
- 第1及び第2の通信機を含む無線通信システムの制御方法であって、
前記第1の通信機は、
複数のアンテナ素子を含むアンテナアレイ;及び
前記複数のアンテナ素子の送信信号または受信信号の振幅および位相のうち少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路、を備え、
前記方法は、
(a):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。前記第1の通信機は、ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う;
(b):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(c):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で再び前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。前記第1の通信機は、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態でビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う;
(d):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(e):前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVとを求めること;及び
(f):前記少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと前記少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVを、前記第1及び第2の通信機間の通信に選択的に使用すること、
を備える無線通信システムの制御方法。 - 前記第2の通信機は、
複数のアンテナ素子を含むアンテナアレイ;及び
前記複数のアンテナ素子の送信信号または受信信号の振幅および位相のうち少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路、を備え、
前記方法は、
(g):前記第1及び第2の通信機の役割を入れ替えて前記ステップ(a)乃至(d)を実行することにより、前記第2の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWV、及び少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求めること、
をさらに備え、
前記ステップ(f)は、前記ステップ(e)で得られたAWVと前記ステップ(g)で得られたAWVの組み合わせを、前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に使用することを含む、請求項1に記載の制御方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向は、唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向のみを含む、請求項1又は2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向は、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する、請求項3に記載の制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(c)~(e)を複数回繰り返すことをさらに備え、
2回目以降の繰り返しにおいてビームパターンを走査する場合には、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限することに加えて、それまでに得られた前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの二次的な到来方向からの信号受信が制限される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。 - 前記ステップ(b)では、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向を、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又到来方向として決定し、
複数回繰り返される前記ステップ(d)の各々では、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向を、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向として決定する請求項5に記載の制御方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向は、複数の放射方向又は到来方向を含み、
前記前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向は、複数の放射方向又は到来方向を含む、請求項1に記載の制御方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に含まれる前記複数の放射方向又は到来方向は、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向から順に選択される、請求項7に記載の制御方法。
- 前記固定ビームパターンは、オムニパターンもしくは擬似オムニパターンである、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(a)及び(c)において、前記第1の通信機は、ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の受信を行い、
前記ステップ(b)及び(d)において、前記第1の通信機は、前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の到来方向と前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係を、到来方向推定アルゴリズムを用いて取得する、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。 - 前記AWVの組合せは、各々の通信機で得られたAWVをトレーニング時の前記受信信号特性順に並べたとき同順序となるAWVどうしを組合わせることにより決定される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 請求項11に記載した手順により求めたAWV組合せに対して受信信号特性の良好なものから順に優先順位を付与し、この優先順位に従って順次選択したAWV組合せを用いて無線通信を行う、請求項11に記載の制御方法。
- 通信中に通信品質が悪化したことに応じて、前記優先順位に従って次順位のAWV組合せを選択し、選択したAWV組合せを適用して無線通信を行う、請求項12に記載の制御方法。
- 前記ステップ(e)で得られたAWVと前記ステップ(g)で得られたAWVの組み合わせの少なくとも一部について通信品質を測定し、測定された通信品質に基づいて通信に使用するAWVの組合せを複数または単数選択する、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 請求項14に記載した手順により求めたAWV組合せに対して通信品質の優れたものから順に優先順位を付与し、この優先順位に従って順次選択したAWV組合せを用いて無線通信を行う、請求項14に記載の制御方法。
- 通信中に通信品質が悪化したことに応じて、前記優先順位に従って次順位のAWV組合せを選択し、選択したAWV組合せを適用して無線通信を行う請求項15に記載の制御方法。
- 前記受信信号特性が、受信電力、信号電力対雑音電力比(SNR)、ビット誤り率(BER)、パケット誤り率(PER)、フレーム誤り率(FER)のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1~16のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。
- 主としてデータ通信に用いる信号を含む電波と、これに比してデータ伝送速度が低い又は伝送周波数帯域が小さい電波を用い、前記データ伝送速度が低い又は伝送周波数帯域が小さい電波を用いて前記トレーニング信号の送受信を行う、請求項1~17のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。
- 前記到来方向推定アルゴリズムが、ビームフォーマー法である、請求項10に記載の制御方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限することは、前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定することにより行われる、請求項1~19のいずれか1項に記載の制御方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定するためのAWVを、ウィーナ解を計算することにより求めることをさらに含む、請求項20に記載の制御方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でのビーム方向の走査は、前記アンテナアレイのAWVの振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を離散的に変化させることにより行われ、
前記離散的に変化するAWVは、前記ウィーナ解の振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を離散化することにより求められる、請求項21に記載の制御方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でのビーム方向の走査は、前記アンテナアレイのAWVの振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を連続的に変化させることにより行われ、
前記連続的に変化するAWVは、主ビーム強度、ヌル深さ、並びに、主ビーム及びヌル方向以外の方向におけるサイドローブレベルのうち少なくとも1つを考慮した評価関数を用いた最適化計算により求められる、請求項20に記載の制御方法。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定した状態でのビーム方向の走査は、前記アンテナアレイのAWVの振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を離散的に変化させることにより行われ、
前記離散的に変化するAWVは、離散的な振幅若しくは位相又はこれらの組み合わせの各々についてアンテナアレイの放射パターンを求めると共に、主ビーム強度、ヌル深さ、並びに主ビーム及びヌル方向以外の方向におけるサイドローブレベルのうち少なくとも1つを考慮して求めた放射パターンの中から決定される、請求項20に記載の制御方法。 - 前記第1の通信機は、所望の角度分解能で離散化した主ビーム方向とヌル方向の組合せの各々に対してAWVを予め決定して記憶しておき、トレーニング中もしくは通信中にそれらを呼び出して使用する、請求項20に記載の制御方法。
- AWVを求める計算はトレーニング中もしくは通信中に行われる、請求項20に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第2の通信機にオムニパターンもしくは擬似オムニパターンを設定するにあたり、前記第2の通信機のAWVの振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を連続的に変更する場合に、所望の放射角度範囲における放射角度に対する電界強度の変動量を考慮した評価関数を設定し、最適化計算によりAWVを決定する、請求項9に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第2の通信機にオムニパターンもしくは擬似オムニパターンを設定するに当たり、前記第2の通信機のAWVの振幅及び位相の少なくとも一方を離散的に変更する場合に、離散的な振幅若しくは位相又はこれらの組み合わせの各々について前記第2の通信機のアンテナアレイの放射パターンを求めると共に、所望の放射角度範囲における放射角度に対する電界強度の変動量を考慮して、求めた放射パターンの中から最適なAWVを決定する、請求項9に記載の制御方法。
- 請求項27に記載の方法によりAWVを予め決定して記憶しておき、トレーニング中もしくは通信中にそれらを呼び出して使用する、請求項27に記載の制御方法。
- 請求項28に記載の方法によりAWVを予め決定して記憶しておき、トレーニング中もしくは通信中にそれらを呼び出して使用する、請求項28に記載の制御方法。
- 第1及び第2の通信装置を備え、
前記第1の通信機は、
複数のアンテナ素子を含むアンテナアレイ;及び
前記複数のアンテナ素子の送信信号または受信信号の振幅および位相のうち少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路、を備え、
前記第1及び第2の通信機は、協調してAWV決定処理を行うよう構成され、
前記AWV決定処理は、
(a):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。前記第1の通信機は、ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う;
(b):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、前記第1の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(c):前記第1及び第2の通信機の間で再び前記トレーニング信号を送信すること。前記第1の通信機は、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態でビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の送信又は受信を行う。前記第2の通信機は、固定ビームパターンで前記トレーニング信号の受信又は送信を行う;
(d):前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の放射方向又は到来方向と、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記第1又は第2の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係に基づいて、少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向を決定すること;
(e):前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVとを求めること;及び
(f):前記少なくとも1つの主要なAWVと前記少なくとも1つの二次的なAWVを、前記第1及び第2の通信機間の通信に選択的に使用すること、
を備える無線通信システム。 - 前記第2の通信機は、
複数のアンテナ素子を含むアンテナアレイ;及び
前記複数のアンテナ素子の送信信号または受信信号の振幅および位相のうち少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(AWV)制御回路、を備え、
前記AWV決定処理は、
(g):前記第1及び第2の通信機の役割を入れ替えて前記ステップ(a)乃至(d)を実行することにより、前記第2の通信機における少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有する少なくとも1つの主要なAWV、及び少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求めること、
をさらに備え、
前記ステップ(f)は、前記ステップ(e)で得られたAWVと前記ステップ(g)で得られたAWVの組み合わせを、前記第1及び第2の通信機の間の通信に使用することを含む、請求項31に記載の無線通信システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向は、唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向のみを含む、請求項31又は32に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向は、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する、請求項33に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記AWV決定処理は、前記ステップ(c)~(e)を複数回繰り返すことをさらに備え、
2回目以降の繰り返しにおいてビームパターンを走査する場合には、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限することに加えて、それまでに得られた前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの二次的な到来方向からの信号受信が制限される、請求項31~34のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。 - 前記ステップ(b)では、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向が、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又到来方向として決定され、
複数回繰り返される前記ステップ(d)の各々では、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向に対応する唯1つの放射方向又は到来方向が、前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向として決定される、請求項35に記載の無線通信システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向は、複数の放射方向又は到来方向を含み、
前記前記少なくとも1つの二次的な放射方向又は到来方向は、複数の放射方向又は到来方向を含む、請求項31に記載の無線通信システム。 - 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向に含まれる前記複数の放射方向又は到来方向は、前記受信品質特性が最良の方向から順に選択される、請求項37に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記固定ビームパターンは、オムニパターンもしくは擬似オムニパターンである、請求項31~38のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1の通信機は、
ビームパターンを走査しながら前記トレーニング信号の受信を行うよう構成されるとともに、
前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の到来方向と前記第1の通信機における前記トレーニング信号の受信信号特性との関係を、到来方向推定アルゴリズムを用いて取得するよう構成されている、請求項31~39のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。 - 前記AWVの組合せは、各々の通信機で得られたAWVをトレーニング時の前記受信信号特性順に並べたとき同順序となるAWVどうしを組合わせることにより決定される、請求項32に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、受信信号特性の良好なものから順に前記AWV組合せに対して優先順位を付与し、この優先順位に従って順次選択したAWV組合せを用いて無線通信を行う、請求項41に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、通信中に通信品質が悪化したことに応じて、前記優先順位に従って次順位のAWV組合せを選択し、選択したAWV組合せを適用して無線通信を行う、請求項42に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、前記ステップ(e)で得られたAWVと前記ステップ(g)で得られたAWVの組み合わせの少なくとも一部について通信品質を測定し、測定された通信品質により通信に使用するAWVの組合せを複数または単数選択する、請求項32に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、通信品質の優れたものから順に前記AWV組合せに対して優先順位を付与し、この優先順位に従って順次選択したAWV組合せを用いて無線通信を行う、請求項44に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、通信中に通信品質が悪化したことに応じて、前記優先順位に従って次順位のAWV組合せを選択し、選択したAWV組合せを適用して無線通信を行う、請求項45に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記受信信号特性が、受信電力、信号電力対雑音電力比(SNR)、ビット誤り率(BER)、パケット誤り率(PER)、フレーム誤り率(FER)のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項31~46のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記第1及び第2の通信機は、主としてデータ通信に用いる信号を含む電波と、これに比してデータ伝送速度が低い又は伝送周波数帯域が小さい電波を用い、前記データ伝送速度が低い又は伝送周波数帯域が小さい電波を用いて前記トレーニング信号の送受信を行うよう構成されている、請求項31~47のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記到来方向推定アルゴリズムが、ビームフォーマー法である、請求項40に記載の無線通信システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向への信号放射又は前記少なくとも1つの主要な到来方向からの信号受信を制限することは、前記アンテナアレイのAWVを変化させることにより、前記少なくとも1つの主要な放射方向又は到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定することにより行われる、請求項31~49のいずれか1項に記載の無線通信システム。
- アンテナアレイと、前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子によって受信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御回路とを備える無線通信装置のAWV調整方法であって、
(a):前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査しながら、相手装置から送信されたトレーニング信号を前記無線通信装置において受信し、
(b):前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記無線通信装置における少なくとも1つの主要な信号到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定し、
(c):前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態で前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査しながら、前記無線通信装置において前記トレーニング信号を受信し、
(d):前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態での前記トレーニング信号の受信結果に基づいて、前記無線通信装置における前記第1の到来方向とは異なる少なくとも1つの信号到来方向(以下、第2の到来方向)を決定し、
(e):前記第1の到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVと、前記第2の到来方向に主ビーム又はそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVをそれぞれ求め、
(f):前記(e)の手順で求めたAWVを前記相手装置との間の無線通信に利用することを特徴とするAWV調整方法。 - 前記(e)の手順は、前記無線通信装置内又は前記相手装置内で実行される、請求項51に記載のAWV調整方法。
- アンテナアレイと、
前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子によって受信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御部と、
相手装置との無線通信に利用するAWVを決定して前記AWV制御部に供給する処理部と、
前記アンテナアレイによって受信された信号の復調処理を行う受信部とを備え、
前記処理部は、
前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記受信部が前記相手装置から送信されるトレーニング信号を受信した結果に基づいて、少なくとも1つの主要な信号到来方向(以下、第1の到来方向)を決定し、
前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信を制限した状態で前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記受信部が前記トレーニング信号を受信した結果に基づいて、前記第1の到来方向とは異なる少なくとも1つの信号到来方向(以下、第2の到来方向)を決定し、
前記AWV制御部に供給するために、前記第1の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVと、前記第2の到来方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求める、
無線通信装置。 - 前記第1の到来方向からの信号受信の制限は、前記第1の到来方向にヌル方向又はそれに準ずる方向を固定した指向性パターンを用いることにより行う、請求項53に記載の無線通信装置。
- アンテナアレイと、
前記アンテナアレイを構成する複数のアンテナ素子によって送信される信号の振幅および位相の少なくとも一方を変化させるアレイ重みベクトル(以下、AWV)制御部と、
相手装置との無線通信に利用するAWVを決定して前記AWV制御部に供給する処理部と、
前記アンテナアレイから送信される送信信号を生成する送信部とを備え、
前記処理部は、
前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記送信部によって生成されるトレーニング信号を無線送信した結果に基づいて、少なくとも1つの主要な信号放射方向(以下、第1の放射方向)を決定し、
前記第1の放射方向への信号放射を制限した状態で前記アンテナアレイのビーム方向を走査させながら前記トレーニング信号を無線送信した結果に基づいて、前記第1の放射方向とは異なる少なくとも1つの信号放射方向(以下、第2の放射方向)を決定し、
前記AWV制御部に供給するために、前記第1の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVと、前記第2の放射方向に主ビームまたはそれに準ずるビーム方向を有するAWVを求める、
無線通信装置。
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US20120119953A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
JPWO2010052835A1 (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
US8508409B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
JP5267567B2 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
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