CN106497412B - 一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，涉及涂料技术领域，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂12‑23％，溶剂33‑48％，硅烷偶联剂0.7‑0.9％，填料36‑42％，固化剂0.1‑0.3％，陶瓷粉末0.03‑0.08％和纳米金刚石0.02‑0.07％，本发明获得的涂料导热率高，可在较高温度下仍能长期使用，稳定性好，绝缘性、耐磨性和耐蚀性好，制备工艺简答，可操作性强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涂料技术领域，具体涉及一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料和一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺。
背景技术
涂料是一种用不同的施工工艺涂覆在物件表面，形成粘附牢固、具有一定强度、连续的固态薄膜。这样形成的膜通称涂膜，又称漆膜或涂层。”涂料具有保护功能、装饰功能以及其他基础功能。随着时代的发展，对涂料的要求也越来越高。随着全球范围内对环境问题和能源问题的日益重视，传统的涂料已经无法满足现实的需求，环境友好涂料和多功能节能涂料是目前世界各国努力发展的方向。
现有的几乎所有设备都会产生热量，热量的累积会使设备的温度升高进而影响设备的正常使用，为了保护设备，这些设备都配有散热部分。目前为了强化散热器的散热效果，主要是改变散热器的几何形状、散热器的材质、流体的流态等方式。但是这些方法的成本和运费很高，应用受到了一定的限制。强化散热涂料的出现，把散热技术推向了一个新的领域。现有的涂料大多散热效果不好，不能够尽快将设备等物品的表面将热量散发出去以达到降温目的，而散热较好的散热涂料又存在着与基体结合强度较低、使用寿命较低、耐磨耐腐蚀性差的问题，因此，如何提供一种快速高效且寿命较好的散热涂料十分迫切。
中国专利申请号为201310628825.3公开了一种聚乙烯醇缩丁醛导热涂料及其制备方法，按质量百分比计，该导热涂料原料配方组成为：PVB5～10％，导热填料15～35％，溶剂50～75％，助剂1～4％；制备时，将PVB加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到PVB溶液；将助剂加到PVB溶液中，并搅拌均匀；将导热填料加入到步骤2)所得溶液中，用均质分散机分散、细化；过滤，真空脱泡。该种涂料虽然与金属基材之间具有较好的附着力，但是其导热性、耐磨性及稳定性仍然存在不足。
中国专利申请号为201110155147.4公开了一种导热涂料，主要是由导热粉体与合成树脂所构成，其中，导热粉体的重量百分比约为导热涂料的4％～25％，其内部包含二氧化硅、二氧化钛、硅酸锆、氮化硼，另可添加三氧化二铝及碳化硅等辅助材，而合成树脂的重量百分比配合导热粉体的重量百分比形成100％，其由一树脂及至少一溶剂充分混合所构成，此树脂依据需求选自环氧树脂、聚酯、丙烯酸树脂及有机硅树脂的其中一种。虽然该种涂料具备优良的导电性能，但是其工作温度低，导致其适用范围窄，且耐磨性及与基体的附着力存在不足。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题是提供一种耐高温、导热率高、耐蚀耐磨性好的涂料及其制备工艺。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：所提供的一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂12-23％，溶剂33-48％，硅烷偶联剂0.7-0.9％，填料36-42％，固化剂0.1-0.3％，陶瓷粉末0.03-0.08％和纳米金刚石0.02-0.07％。
优选的，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂15％，溶剂45％，硅烷偶联剂0.7％，填料39％，固化剂0.2％，陶瓷粉末0.05％和纳米金刚石0.05％。
优选的，所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯。
优选的，所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯的质量比为:4：3:3。
优选的，所述填料包括氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼，上述组份在填料中所占的比重分别为氮化硅70-80％，氧化铝8-15％，氧化镁5-15％和氮化硼2-6％。
优选的，所述氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼的粒径为300-10000nm。
一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，所述的制备工艺按照以下步骤进行，
(1)在环氧改性有机硅树脂中加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液；
(2)将经硅烷偶联剂表面处理过的填料加入到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液中，利用超声搅拌器高速搅拌0.3-0.5h，调节粘度，再加入陶瓷粉末和纳米金刚石，继续搅拌0.2-0.3h，最后加入固化剂，继续搅拌0.4-0.6h，待用；
(3)将步骤(2)中搅拌后的溶液经过滤，真空脱泡处理后即可获得所需涂料。
优选的，所述固化剂为聚酰胺651。
优选的，所述步骤(1)中，所述溶剂的温度预热至30-32℃。
本发明的有益效果：
环氧改性有机硅树脂由环氧树脂和活性基团的有机硅低聚物经化学改性而成，兼具环氧树脂的优良黏接性能、高强度和有机硅的优异耐高温性，同时还有优良的电绝缘性能。该树脂外观为黄色均匀液体，含部分溶剂，黏度低，工艺性好，可以用环氧固化剂进行室温或中温固化，施工方便，固化后树脂力学性能好。此外，该树脂具有耐湿、耐候、耐水、耐盐水、耐油、耐温、防潮、电绝缘、附着力好、耐核辐射以及透波性能等优点。故本发明选择环氧改性有机硅树脂作为该研究的树脂基体。
溶剂对成膜物质的溶解力决定了所形成的树脂溶液的均匀性、漆液的粘度和漆液的贮存稳定性。在涂膜干燥过程中，溶剂的挥发性极大的影响了涂膜的干燥速度、涂膜的结构和涂膜外观的完美型；本发明中采用具有较高的沸点及对聚酯改性有机硅树脂良好的溶解性，且三者的沸点在120℃-150℃之间，能保证烘烤时不因挥发过快导致膜层起泡、龟裂的现象，且二甲苯的加入有助于降低成本。
填料的选择对涂料的导热性、绝缘性和稳定性起到了重要的作用，本发明中优选氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼作为填料，其中氮化硅具有较好的导热率，且价格比传统技术中使用的氮化铝低，氧化铝和氧化镁也是优良的导热介质，氧化镁的导热率约为36w/mk，比氧化铝略高，且价格更便宜，但它在空气中的吸湿性很高，过多填充可能会影响涂料的耐候性，氧化铝与少量氧化镁填料混合使用有利于涂料导热率的提高，表现出较好的耐高温和电绝缘性，所述氮化硼的折射率较好，能够迅速将热量以辐射形式传递或以折射的形式传导出去，提高了涂料整体的散热效率，通过选用纳米级的上述填料，提高了其与基体树脂及溶剂的结合度，分散性好，提高了涂料整体的稳定性。
本发明中还加入了少量的陶瓷粉末，用于提高涂料的热稳定性，使其能够在200-250℃的使用环境下仍能够保持较好的性能，并可长期使用，本发明中还加入了少量的纳米金刚石，一方面可提高涂料的耐磨性能，另一方面，其均匀分散在基体树脂内，借助其优良的化学稳定性，提高了涂料的防锈、耐蚀性能。
本发明的制备工艺简单，可操作性强，通过分步加入各个原料组份，使得其混合充分，结合力强，显著提高了涂料的附着力，使其能够与基材结合牢固，不易脱落。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料制备工艺的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案便于理解，下面结合附图来进一步阐述本发明的技术方案。
实施例1：
一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂12％，溶剂48％，硅烷偶联剂0.7％，填料39％，固化剂0.2％，陶瓷粉末0.06％和纳米金刚石0.04％，其中环氧改性有机硅树脂具体为环氧改性有机硅树脂HG-41。
在本实施例中，所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯的质量比为:4：3:3。
在本实施例中，所述填料包括氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼，上述组份在填料中所占的比重分别为氮化硅70％，氧化铝15％，氧化镁10％和氮化硼5％。
在本实施例中，所述氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼的粒径为300-10000nm。
如图1所示，一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，所述的制备工艺按照以下步骤进行，
(1)在环氧改性有机硅树脂中加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液，，所述溶剂的温度预热至31℃；
(2)将经硅烷偶联剂表面处理过的填料加入到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液中，利用超声搅拌器高速搅拌0.3h，调节粘度，再加入陶瓷粉末和纳米金刚石，继续搅拌0.3h，最后加入固化剂，继续搅拌0.5h，待用；
(3)将步骤(2)中搅拌后的溶液经过滤，真空脱泡处理后即可获得所需涂料。
实施例2：
一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂15％，溶剂45％，硅烷偶联剂0.7％，填料39％，固化剂0.2％，陶瓷粉末0.05％和纳米金刚石0.05％，其中环氧改性有机硅树脂具体为环氧改性有机硅树脂HG-41。
在本实施例中，所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯的质量比为:4：3:3。
在本实施例中，所述填料包括氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼，上述组份在填料中所占的比重分别为氮化硅75％，氧化铝10％，氧化镁10％和氮化硼5％。
在本实施例中，所述氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼的粒径为300-10000nm。
如图1所示，一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，所述的制备工艺按照以下步骤进行，
(1)在环氧改性有机硅树脂中加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液，，所述溶剂的温度预热至30℃；
(2)将经硅烷偶联剂表面处理过的填料加入到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液中，利用超声搅拌器高速搅拌0.4h，调节粘度，再加入陶瓷粉末和纳米金刚石，继续搅拌0.3h，最后加入固化剂，继续搅拌0.6h，待用；
(3)将步骤(2)中搅拌后的溶液经过滤，真空脱泡处理后即可获得所需涂料。
实施例3：
一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂23％，溶剂35％，硅烷偶联剂0.7％，填料41％，固化剂0.2％，陶瓷粉末0.06％和纳米金刚石0.04％，其中环氧改性有机硅树脂具体为环氧改性有机硅树脂HG-41。
在本实施例中，所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯的质量比为:4：3:3。
在本实施例中，所述填料包括氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼，上述组份在填料中所占的比重分别为氮化硅80％，氧化铝8％，氧化镁8％和氮化硼4％。
在本实施例中，所述氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼的粒径为300-10000nm。
如图1所示，一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，所述的制备工艺按照以下步骤进行，
(1)在环氧改性有机硅树脂中加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液，，所述溶剂的温度预热至30-32℃；
(2)将经硅烷偶联剂表面处理过的填料加入到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液中，利用超声搅拌器高速搅拌0.3h，调节粘度，再加入陶瓷粉末和纳米金刚石，继续搅拌0.3h，最后加入固化剂，继续搅拌0.5h，待用；
(3)将步骤(2)中搅拌后的溶液经过滤，真空脱泡处理后即可获得所需涂料。
经过以上工艺步骤后，取出涂料样品，将其用刷子刷到金属基材上，涂层厚度为0.5mm，涂刷后烘干，并对其各项性能进行检测，得出如下数据：
由以上数据可知，制备出的涂料样品，附着力强，导热率、硬度高，达到了预期的力学性能和导热率要求，且耐热性和耐化学腐蚀性达到了优级。
显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述的制备工艺按照以下步骤进行，
(1)将环氧改性有机硅树脂加入到溶剂中，充分溶解得到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液；
(2)将经硅烷偶联剂表面处理过的填料加入到环氧改性有机硅树脂溶液中，利用超声搅拌器高速搅拌0.3-0.5h，调节粘度，再加入陶瓷粉末和纳米金刚石，继续搅拌0.2-0.3h，最后加入固化剂，继续搅拌0.4-0.6h，待用；
(3)将步骤(2)中搅拌后的溶液经过滤，真空脱泡处理后即可获得所需涂料；
其中，所述涂料由以下质量百分数的原料组成:环氧改性有机硅树脂15％，溶剂45％，硅烷偶联剂0.7％，填料39％，固化剂0.2％，陶瓷粉末0.05％和纳米金刚石0.05％；所述溶剂包括丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯，所述溶剂中丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、二甲苯和醋酸丁酯的质量比为4:3:3；所述填料包括氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼，上述组份在填料中所占的比重分别为氮化硅70-80％，氧化铝8-15％，氧化镁5-15％和氮化硼2-6％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述固化剂为聚酰胺651。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，所述溶剂的温度预热至30-32℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种耐高温高导热绝缘涂料的制备工艺，其特征在于：所述氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁和氮化硼的粒径为300-10000nm。
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