CN106463006A - 人员认证和跟踪系统 - Google Patents

人员认证和跟踪系统 Download PDF

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CN106463006A
CN106463006A CN201580026024.7A CN201580026024A CN106463006A CN 106463006 A CN106463006 A CN 106463006A CN 201580026024 A CN201580026024 A CN 201580026024A CN 106463006 A CN106463006 A CN 106463006A
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CN106463006B (zh
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S·E·霍尔
R·F·布雷温
S·M·克莱门茨
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Safe Section's Fire-Fighting And Safe Corp
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    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
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Abstract

公开了对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签、接收识别通过探测区域或在探测区域内的人员的数目的数据、比较由接收到的数据识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目，以及当探测到识别出的人员的数目与在探测区域内具有人员的探测区域中的标签的数目存在差异时使得警报被断言的技术。

Description

人员认证和跟踪系统
优先级保护
本申请根据35U.S.C.§119(e)要求于2014年4月2日提交且标题为“WirelessSensor Network”的临时美国专利申请61/973,962和于2014年8月20日提交且标题为“Personnel Authentication and Tracking System”的实用美国专利申请14/463,984的优先权，这些申请的全部内容通过引用被结合于此。
背景技术
本描述涉及特定入侵系统中安全系统的操作。具有基于远程服务器监控和报告生成的基于无线传感器网络/无线设备的数据收集系统在诸如家庭安全监控、电和水公用事业仪表监控以及人力和资产跟踪的应用中变得更常见。例如，对于企业和房主来说，具有用于探测在其处所的报警状况并用于向安全系统的监控站或者授权用户发信号通知这种状况的安全系统是常见的。
传统的出入控制系统提供宝贵的周边保护功能，以防止未经授权出入建筑物或建筑物内的受保护区域。具有用于火灾，监视和出入控制的单独系统的传统建筑系统的例子具有人计数分析，以探测尾随(tailgating)。
发明内容
根据一方面，一种系统包括处理器和存储器，其中该系统被配置为对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签、接收识别通过探测区域或在探测区域内的人员的数目的数据、比较由接收到的数据识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目，并且当探测到识别出的人员的数目与在探测区域内具有人员的探测区域中标签的数目存在差异时，使得警报被断言。
其它方面包括计算机程序产品和方法。
虽然，传统的出入控制系统提供有价值的周边保护功能，以防止未授权出入建筑物或建筑物内的受保护区域，但是这种系统对于提供关于建筑物内的人的位置的实时信息具有缺点，尤其是在紧急情况下。通常在疏散期间，出入控制常常被禁用并且门被打开以便于人们从建筑物向外移。这给安全管理者带来了多个问题。员工需要在集合地点手动登记，以便考虑到(account for)所有人并确保每个人都出去了。如果员工没有在疏散点出现，则管理者可能假定他仍然在建筑物中，但实际上他可能在其它地方(不在办公室中而是在出差或者与医生有约)。这种不确定性会延迟对失踪员工的搜索，或者潜在地将紧急救援人员置于寻找不在里面的人的危险之中。在紧急情况下，出入控制系统常常被禁用，以允许人们自由移动，以离开建筑物或协助他人撤离，这对设施产生安全漏洞，允许人们在疏散期间出入安全区域。传统出入控制系统的另一个缺点是它们主要集中在周边保护，并且一旦人已经穿过建筑物或受保护区域的周边，就提供很少的入侵探测。
在具有出入控制系统的典型安装中，建筑物监视系统和消防系统是分开的。在这些传统系统中，入侵者常常会通过尾随在授权人后面来逃避出入控制保护。安全管理人员曾试图通过在门口处实现尾随探测系统来防止这种情况，其中尾随探测系统将给出的凭证数量与通过入口的人员的数目相关联。
但是，被用来计数人的技术通常具有不完全的准确度，在门口处可能只有大约95％。因此，假警报的数量通常为大约5％。可以部署具有更高准确度的人计数系统，但是安装这些系统以便可靠地防止尾随而没有高的假警报的成本通常对于许多应用来说都太高。
本发明的一个或多个实施例的细节在附图和下面的描述中阐述。本发明的其它特征、目的和优点从说明书和附图以及从权利要求是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是示例性联网安全系统的示意图。
图2是人员认证和跟踪系统的框图。
图3是人员认证和跟踪标签的框图。
图4是人员认证和跟踪装置的框图。
图5是与传统消防系统通知装置组合的人员认证和跟踪装置的示例实现的框图。
图6是与传统消防系统烟雾或热探测器组合的人员认证和跟踪装置的示例实现的框图。
图7和8是绘出由人员认证和跟踪处理器进行的处理的流程图。
图9是示出人员认证和跟踪系统装置在具有外部入口、内部人流区域和安全区域的场所周围的部署的框图。
图10是示出作为建筑物内的火灾通知和探测网络的一部分部署的人员认证和跟踪系统装置的部署的框图。
图11是示例联网安全系统的部件的框图。
具体实施方式
本文所描述的是可以在各种背景中使用的网络特征的例子，包括，但不限于，安全/入侵和报警系统。示例安全系统可以包括被电或无线地连接到各种传感器的入侵探测面板。那些传感器类型可以包括运动探测器、相机和接近传感器(例如，用来确定门或窗是否已经被打开)。通常，这种系统从这些传感器当中一个或多个接收相对简单的信号(电气开或关)，以指示被监控的特定状况已经改变或变得不安全。
例如，典型的入侵系统可被设置为监控建筑物中的入口门。当门是安全的时候，接近传感器感测到磁性接触并产生电关闭电路。当门被打开时，接近传感器打开电路，并向面板发送指示报警状况已发生(例如，打开的入口门)的信号。
数据收集系统在一些应用，诸如家庭安全监控，当中变得越来越普遍。数据收集系统采用无线传感器网络和无线设备，并且可以包括基于远程服务器的监控和报告生成。如下面更详细描述的，无线传感器网络一般使用计算设备之间的有线和无线链路的组合，无线链路通常用于最低级的连接(例如，端节点设备到集线器/网关)。在示例网络中，网络的边缘(无线连接的)层由具有特定功能的资源受限设备组成。这些设备可以具有小至中等量的处理能力和存储器：并且可以是电池供电的，因此要求它们通过将大量时间花费在睡眠模式下来节省能源。典型的模式是边缘设备通常形成单个无线网络，其中在该单个无线网络中每个端节点以集线器和幅条式体系架构直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是，例如，网关上的接入点或子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一个子协调器。
所描述的是，除了由出入控制系统提供的传统周边防御机制之外，还执行包括监控建筑物或安全区域内的授权人员位置的功能的解决方案，从而在撤离或紧急情况期间提供实时监控，使得安全人员可以确定失踪人员的位置并提供对建筑物或区域内未授权人的探测。
现在参考图1，示出了用于无线传感器网络(WSN)的示例性(全局)分布式网络10拓扑。在图1中，分布式网络10在逻辑上被划分为一组层或分层级别12a-12c。在网络的上层或分层级别12a中部署服务器和/或运行“云计算”范例的虚拟服务器14，这些服务器利用诸如互联网协议的完善联网技术联网在一起，或者可以是不使用互联网或使用互联网的一部分的私有网络。在那些服务器14上运行的应用利用各种协议，诸如用于Web互联网网络的XML/SOAP、RESTful的web服务以及诸如HTTP和ATOM的其它应用层技术，来通信。分布式网络10在设备(节点)之间具有直接链路，如下面所示和讨论的。
分布式网络10包括第二逻辑划分的层或分层级别12b，在这里被称为中间层，其涉及位于单独建筑物和结构内部的中央的、方便的地点处的网关16。这些网关16与上层中的服务器14通信，不管服务器是独立专用服务器和/或利用web编程技术运行云应用的基于云的服务器。中间层网关16还被示为既具有局域网17a(例如，以太网或802.11)又具有蜂窝网络接口17b。
分布式网络拓扑还包括下层(边缘层)12c设备集合，其涉及全功能的传感器节点18(例如，包括无线设备的传感器节点，例如收发器或至少发送器，在图1中用“F”标记)以及受约束的无线传感器节点或传感器端节点19(在图1中用“C”标记)。在一些实施例中，有线传感器(未示出)可以包括在分布式网络10的各方面中。
如在本文所使用的，受约束的计算设备19是比探测系统中的其它计算设备、传感器具有基本上更少持久性和易失性存储器的设备。目前受约束设备的例子将是具有小于约一兆字节的闪存/持久存储器和小于10-20千字节的RAM/易失性存储器的那些设备。这些受约束的设备19以这种方式配置，这一般是由于成本/物理配置的考虑。
在典型的网络中，网络的边缘(无线连接)层由具有特定功能的高度资源受约束的设备组成。这些设备具有小到中等量的处理能力和存储器，并且常常是电池供电的，因此需要它们通过将其大部分时间花费在睡眠模式中来节省能量。典型的模式是边缘设备通常形成单个无线网络，其中在该单个无线网络中每个端节点以集线器和幅条式体系架构直接与其父节点通信。父节点可以是例如网关上的接入点或者子协调器，其又连接到接入点或另一子协调器。
每个网关配备有物理地附连到那个接入点并且提供到无线网络中的其它节点的无线连接点的接入点(全功能节点或“F”节点)。图1中所示的链路(由未编号的线示出)代表设备之间的直接(单跳网络层)连接。(在图1中所示的三层中的每一层中起作用的)正式联网层连同路由设备一起使用一系列这些直接链路来经网络从一个设备向另一个设备发送消息(分段的或未分段的)。
WSN 10对在下层设备18和19上运行的应用层实现状态机方法。下面讨论这种方法的特定实现的例子。状态机中的状态由协同执行的函数集合组成，并且这些函数可以被单独地删除或替换或添加，以更改特定下层设备的状态机中的状态。
基于WSN状态函数的应用层使用允许各个函数(在设备引导之后)加载和执行而无需重新引导设备(所谓的“动态编程”)的边缘设备操作系统(未示出，但诸如在上面提到的临时申请中所公开的)。在其它实现中，边缘设备可以使用其它操作系统，只要这种系统允许优选地在不重新引导边缘设备的情况下(在设备引导之后)加载和执行各个功能即可。
在一些实现中，上述分布式网络10具有提供视频数据和感测到的凭证数据的节点。凭证或徽章对视频使用诸如RFID、蓝牙低能量(BLE)等技术。传感器，诸如图1中的一些节点，感测通常由通过传感器的范围的个人携带的凭证标签的存在。这些传感器从结合利用射频识别(RFID)、低能量对等设备等可操作的电路系统的徽章/标签设备接收信号。从部署在整个处所的相机和其它图像捕获设备，例如作为网络10上的节点，接收视频信息。一个或多个算法被应用于探测未授予证书的个人的存在等。图1中的各种节点可以从图1的服务器或其它系统接收对在这些节点处执行的函数(未示出)的更新。
识别软件可被用来区分作为人的对象和作为动物的对象；进一步的面部识别软件可以内置在相机中。这种视频相机将包括处理器和存储器以及识别软件，以处理相机的输入(捕获的图像)并产生数据，以传达关于由视频相机捕获的个人的识别或缺乏识别的信息。该处理还可以作为替代地或附加地包括关于在由视频相机捕获/监控的区域中的个人的特征的信息。
现在参考图2，示出了人员认证和跟踪系统20。人员认证和跟踪系统20包括人员认证控制系统22和至少一个并且一般是多个人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n，人员认证和跟踪装置探测标签的存在并认证标签并将关于探测和认证的数据发送到人员认证控制系统22。在涉及图1的WSN 10的实现中，其中的一个或多个服务器可以是人员认证控制系统22。
人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n固定在例如物理位置，例如在建筑物或场所(在内部和外部位置)中，并且读取在相应指派的探测区26a-26n内的标签和/或其它凭证。人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n中的每一个产生在相应探测区26a-26n中具有证书的徽章的人员的数目的计数并维护该计数。当人们来往通过被指派给相应装置24a-24n的探测区时，这些计数被周期性地并且优选地连续更新和维护。人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n可选地可以在作为建筑物的火灾和安全基础设施的一部分安装的其它电子设备中组合。
人员认证和跟踪系统20还包括人员认证和跟踪标签26，例如由个人携带的包括出入控制凭证(上面讨论的有证书的徽章)的便携式出入控制令牌设备，这是经由传统的周边安全系统获得出入设施所必需的。人员认证和跟踪标签26还包括用于经由人员认证和跟踪系统20进行认证和跟踪的电子设备，如下面将进一步讨论的。
图3和4示出了人员认证和跟踪系统20的两个潜在实现30a、30b。
在图3中，在人员认证和跟踪系统20的一个潜在实现30a中，人员认证和跟踪装置，例如24a，被示为与扬声器32和灯34组合，以传送指令并在探测区域36上方提供紧急照明。
在图4中，人员认证和跟踪系统20的另一潜在实现具有与消防系统通知装置40，例如火灾探测器设备，组合的人员认证和跟踪装置，例如装置24a，以监控探测区域42。这种实现使用由现有的火灾探测网络提供的备用电力44，这在紧急情况期间通常比正常建筑物电力更有可能可用。
现在参考图5，人员认证和跟踪标签26a-26n，例如除常规周边访问控制令牌50之外的标签26a，还包括出入控制令牌个人认证电路系统52，该电路系统包括人员通信处理54、处理器和存储器56，以及作为将标签链接到装置的无线链路的一部分的天线58。传统的周边出入控制令牌50是可选的并且允许通过现有遗留系统的出入。出入控制令牌个人认证电路系统52与系统20中的人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n一起操作，其执行如下面讨论的各种算法。
现在参考图6，用于人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n，例如24a，的电路系统包括认证标签读取器62、处理器和存储器64以及作为将装置链接到标签和/或将装置链接到服务器22的无线链路的一部分的天线66。人员认证和跟踪装置24a还包括控制令牌个人认证通信处理68。处理器和存储器被配置为用于视频处理70和分析72。人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n还接收来自相机的图像并且在一些实现中可以包括用于拍摄图像并通过特征识别编程来对图像中的人进行计数的相机。人员认证和跟踪装置24a还包括电力管理和储存器76。电力可以在板上提供或经由诸如上面提到的火灾探测系统的备用系统提供。
在用于分析处理72的一些实现中，人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n，例如24a，包括处理器和存储器64及天线66并且因此可以是图1的传感器网络上的节点之一。人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n、处理器和存储器64可以接收各种算法来处理经由天线66和RF电路系统来自传感器网络的数据，不管是认证、跟踪还是视频数据。
现在参考图7，人员认证和跟踪处理器和存储器被配置为认证80通过建筑物周围和内部的探测区域的标签。认证过程包括将这些标签与存储在个人认证系统22上和/或人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n中特定一个人员认证和跟踪装置当中的出入控制列表进行比较82。出入控制列表存储对应于被授权人的一组标签并且还存储描绘其中这些标签的授权用户被授权出入的那些区域的数据。如果在未授权区域中探测到标签，则人员认证和跟踪处理器引发84警报。
人员认证和跟踪处理器将利用系统的人计数部件识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目进行比较86，并且如果计数的人员的数目超过计数的标签的数目就引发90警报(指示没有标签的人存在)。在一些情况下88，系统被编程为仅在多于一个探测区中或在单个探测区内的不同时间探测到这种条件之后才引发警报，以减少由于人员计数系统中的不准确性或而读取标签的失败导致的错误警报。
人员认证和跟踪处理器还将建筑物内的人员的位置与预定义的规则进行比较92，以确保遵循既定的过程。过程是特定于实现的。例如，一个过程可以是关于清洁人员。一个过程是确保清洁人员访问建筑物的所有区域。另一个过程是确保警卫正在完成所有区域的巡视。其它过程是可能的。如果过程未被遵循94，则依赖于过程生成报告98和/或警报96。
在另一个过程中，人员认证和跟踪处理器基于一组预定义的商业规则来确定安全过程是否被遵循以及通信异常，诸如确保在现场至少有1个在CPR中被培训的人。
现在参考图8，在紧急情况期间，系统20执行提供关于正在进行的撤离的状态的信息的各种算法。执行提供各种功能的各种算法。例如，覆盖整个建筑物中各个点的探测区的人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n产生(与标签相关联的)人在他们穿过并离开建筑物时所采取的路径的图形或视觉描述。
系统22中或任何人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n中的处理器周期性地(在一些实现中连续地)搜集来自整个处所的各种标签的标签信息。这种标签信息与出入控制列表相关并且，当每个标签通过人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n时，那个人员认证和跟踪装置的已知位置可被用来确定标签(即，携带该标签的个人)所采取的路径中的点。
例如，对于人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n，如果(由人佩戴的)标签首先在人员认证和跟踪装置24a处、然后在人员认证和跟踪装置24c处、然后在人员认证和跟踪装置24d处、然后在人员认证和跟踪装置24n处被探测到，则处理器根据与对应人员认证和跟踪装置，即，装置24a、24c、24d和24n，相关联的探测区产生标签采取的路径。由于人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n在建筑物和/或场所内具有已知的、固定的物理位置，因此处理器可以确定标签所采取的路径。这个过程可以对建筑物中的每个标签持续进行，直到那个标签通过被验证为离开建筑物而“退役”。
处理器在例如显示设备上呈现建筑物或建筑物中的楼层的示意图的地图并且可以绘出由佩戴标签的每个人采取的路径或一系列路径。在紧急情况期间，诸如关于武装入侵者的事件，系统可以通过将人员认证和跟踪装置24a-24n和/或系统22的视频信息与标签信息相关联104来示出没有标签的任何人的位置。系统22可以将视频信息从相机发送到紧急响应者和安全管理器。
在火灾期间，系统将依靠由火灾警报面板供给的电力持续操作并且可以提供移动通过建筑物中的探测区的、也具有人员认证和跟踪标签的消防员的状态106。在火灾或其它紧急响应期间，系统可以从在探测区内移动的其它紧急设备收集信息108，诸如关于紧急响应者生命体征的遥测信息、他们的空气包中可用的空气量等。处理器在任何时候产生任何这些功能的报告和/或视觉表示。
现在参考图9，示出了在场所周围的人员认证和跟踪系统装置24a-24n的潜在部署，具体地示出了它们在外部入口、内部人流区域和安全区域的放置。一般而言，具体部署将是特定于实现和场所的。但是，可以遵循某些指南。例如，人员认证和跟踪系统装置24a-24n将被部署在外部入口/出口处，使得为每个标签产生的路径可以示出进入和/或离开建筑物的标签。在可被用来示出标签的连续路径的布置中，并且尤其是在被分成许多楼层上的许多房间的大型结构中，人员认证和跟踪系统装置也将在内部人流区域中部署，足够多的人员认证和跟踪系统装置将被部署，以便最小化在跟踪内部房间中的徽章时的“洞”。此外，人员认证和跟踪系统装置可以部署在所有安全区域。众多其它配置是可能的。
图10示出了如在火灾探测和通知系统(未引用)中表示的用于“探测区域”的人员认证和跟踪系统装置(由圆圈示出)的潜在部署。人员认证和跟踪系统装置24a-24n的这种部署使用来自火灾探测和通知系统的电力作为至少人员认证和跟踪系统装置24a-24n的电池备份。此外，当部署在内部人流区域中时，所示出的布置虽然没有每个内部房间都具有人员认证和跟踪系统装置，但是这种装置仍然被部署为最小化在跟踪内部房间中的徽章时的“洞”。
图11示出了具有关于图1所述的WSN的特征并且具有本文所述的各种功能的安全系统的例子。如图11中所示，关联处理从某些受限节点接收输入(但这些节点也可以是全功能节点)。这些输入可以包括凭证信息和视频信息，并且相关处理可以产生经网络发送的相关结果。背景管理处理从某些受限节点接收输入(虽然这些节点也可以是全功能节点)，例如，凭证信息以及视频和分组信息，并且对于经网络发送的结果执行背景处理。网络支持紧急出口指示器；紧急摄像头以及分布式规则处理和规则引擎/消息处理的操作。范围扩展器与例如网关一起使用，并且，如图所示，实时定位系统从各种传感器(例如，受限的类型)接收输入。经由云计算配置到WSN的服务器接口以及一些网络的部分可以作为子网运行。
除了在传感器的范围之内的区域中探测到某物的指示，传感器还提供可被用来评估那个指示是什么的详细附加信息，而无需入侵探测面板执行对特定传感器的输入的广泛分析。
例如，运动探测器可被配置为分析在房间内移动的温暖主体的热签名，以确定该主体是人的主体还是宠物的主体。那个分析的结果将是传达关于探测到的主体的信息的消息或数据。因此，各种传感器被用来以适当的组合感测声音、运动、振动、压力、热、图像等等，以探测在入侵探测面板处的真实或通过验证的报警条件。
辨别软件可被用来区分是人的对象和是动物的对象；进一步的面部辨别软件可以内置到视频相机中并被用来验证周边入侵是辨别出的被授权的个人的结果。这种视频相机将包括处理器和存储器和识别软件，以处理由相机(捕获的图像)的输入并产生元数据，以传达关于由视频相机捕获的个体的辨别或缺乏辨别的信息。处理还可以作为替代地或另外地包括关于在由视频相机捕获/监控的区域中的个体的特点的信息。因此，依赖于具体情况，信息将是从对到传感器的、给出周边入侵的特点的输入执行增强的分析的增强的运动探测器和视频相机接收到的元数据或者是从寻求建立对象的辨别的非常复杂的处理所得到的元数据。
传感器设备可以集成多个传感器，以生成更复杂的输出，使得入侵探测面板可以利用其处理能力通过建立环境的虚拟图像或签名以便做出关于闯入的有效性的智能决策来执行分析环境的算法。
存储器存储由入侵探测面板的处理器使用的程序指令和数据。存储器可以是随机存取存储器和只读存储器的适当组合，并且可以托管合适的程序指令(例如，固件或操作软件)，并且配置和操作数据并且可以被组织为文件系统或其它。所存储的程序指令可以包括用于认证一个或多个用户的一个或多个认证过程。存储在面板的存储器中的程序指令还可以存储软件组件，从而允许网络通信和到数据网络的连接的建立。软件组件可以，例如，包括互联网协议(IP)栈，以及用于各种接口的驱动程序组件，包括接口和键盘。适于建立连接并跨网络进行通信的其它软件组件对于普通技术人员将是清楚的。
存储在存储器中的程序指令，连同配置数据一起，可以控制面板的整体操作。
监控服务器包括一个或多个处理设备(例如，微处理器)、网络接口和存储器(都未示出)。监控服务器可以物理地采取机架安装卡的形式并且可以与一个或多个操作者终端(未示出)通信。示例监控服务器是SURGARDTM SG-System III Virtual，或类似的系统。
每个监控服务器的处理器充当用于每个监控服务器的控制器，并且与每个服务器通信并控制每个服务器的整体操作。处理器可以包括存储器，或者与存储器通信，其中存储器存储处理器可执行指令，从而控制监控服务器的整体操作。合适的软件使每个监控服务器能够接收报警并导致适当的动作发生。软件可以包括合适的互联网协议(IP)栈和应用/客户端。
中央监控站的每个监控服务器可以与IP地址和(一个或多个)端口关联，它通过该IP地址和(一个或多个)端口与控制面板和/或用户设备进行通信，以处理报警事件等。监控服务器地址可以是静态的，并且因此总是对入侵探测面板识别监控服务器中特定的一个。作为替代，动态地址可以被使用，并且与通过域名服务解析的静态域名相关联。
网络接口卡与网络接合以接收进入的信号，并且可以例如采取以太网网络接口卡(NIC)的形式。服务器可以是计算机、瘦客户端等等，接收到的代表报警事件的数据被传递到该服务器，用于由人类操作员处理。监控站还可以包括，或能访问，包括在数据库引擎的控制下的数据库的订阅者数据库。数据库可以包含对应于到面板，就像由监控站提供服务的面板，的各个订阅者设备/过程的条目。
本文描述的过程的全部或部分及其各种修改(以下称为“过程”)可以至少部分地经由计算机程序产品，即，有形地体现在是计算机和/或机器可读存储设备的一个或多个有形的物理硬件存储设备中的计算机程序，来实现，用于由数据处理装置，例如可编程处理器、计算机或多个计算机来执行，或者控制数据处理装置的操作。计算机程序可以用任何形式的编程语言编写，包括编译或解释语言，并且它可以以任何形式部署，包括作为独立程序或作为模块、组件、子例程或适合在计算环境中使用的其它单元。计算机程序可被部署成在一个计算机上或在一个站点的多个计算机上执行或者跨多个站点分布并由网络互连。
与实现过程相关联的动作可以由执行一个或多个计算机程序以执行校准过程的功能的一个或多个可编程处理器来执行。过程的全部或部分可被实现为专用逻辑电路，例如FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)和/或ASIC(专用集成电路)。
举例来说，适于计算机程序的执行的处理器包括通用和专用微处理器，以及任何类型的数字计算机的任何一个或多个处理器。一般而言，处理器将从只读存储区或随机存取存储区域或两者接收指令和数据。计算机(包括服务器)的元件包括用于执行指令的一个或多个处理器和用于存储指令和数据的一个或多个存储区域设备。一般而言，计算机还将包括一个或多个机器可读存储介质，诸如用于存储数据的大容量存储设备，例如磁盘、磁光盘或光盘，或者操作耦合到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质以便从其接收数据，或将数据传送到该一个或多个机器可读存储介质，或两者兼有。
适于体现计算机程序指令和数据的有形的物理硬件存储设备包括所有形式的非易失性储存区域，举例来说，包括半导体存储区域设备，例如EPROM、EEPROM和闪存存储区域设备；磁盘，例如内部硬盘或可移动盘；磁-光盘；及CD-ROM和DVD-ROM盘，和易失性计算机存储器，例如，诸如静态和动态RAM的RAM，以及可擦存储器，例如闪存。
此外，附图中绘出的逻辑流不要求所示出的特定次序或顺序次序才能达到期望的结果。此外，可以提供其它动作，或者动作可以从所描述的流程被去除，并且其它组件可被添加到或从所描述的系统中去除。同样，附图中所绘出的动作可以由不同的实体执行或者被合并。
本文所述的不同实施例的元素可以组合，以形成未在上面具体阐述的其它实施例。元素可被排除在本文所述的过程、计算机程序、网页等等之外，而不会不利地影响它们的操作。此外，各种独立的元素可被组合成一个或多个个别的元素，以执行本文所述的功能。
本文未具体描述的其它实现也在以下权利要求书的范围之内。

Claims (13)

1.一种系统，包括：
处理器；及
存储器，该系统被配置为：
对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签；
接收识别通过探测区域或在探测区域内的人员的数目的数据；
比较由接收到的数据识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目；及
当探测到识别出的人员的数目与在探测区域内具有人员的探测区域中的标签的数目存在差异时，使得警报被断言。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中系统还被配置为：
对照出入控制列表比较在特定探测区域内识别出的人员与由系统识别出的标签，以探测在标签未被授权的探测区域内的该标签；及
当在探测区域内探测到未被授权的标签时，使得警报被断言。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中系统还被配置为：
对照预定义的规则比较建筑物内人员的位置，以确保过程被遵循。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中系统还被配置为：
从覆盖整个建筑物各个点中的探测区的人员认证和跟踪装置收集数据；
当标签通过与人员认证和跟踪装置关联的各个探测区域时，产生标签的路径；及
在建筑物或楼层平面图的示意图的呈现设备上呈现的所产生的绘出由标签采取的各个路径的地图。
5.一种人员认证和跟踪系统，包括：
人员认证控制系统；
一个或多个人员认证和跟踪装置，馈送人员认证控制系统并接收分析算法，其中人员认证和跟踪装置在场所中固定的物理位置中并且被配置为：
读取对应探测区内的标签和其它凭证；及
提供在相应探测区中人员的数目的计数，
接收更新的分析算法，以修改对人员认证控制系统和/或一个或多个人员认证和跟踪装置的处理。
6.如权利要求5所述的人员认证和跟踪系统，还包括：
包括便携式出入控制令牌设备的多个人员认证和跟踪标签，包括用于经由人员认证和跟踪装置来进行认证和跟踪的电子器件和出入控制凭证。
7.如权利要求5所述的人员认证和跟踪系统，其中一个或多个人员认证和跟踪装置包括：
处理器；及
存储器，被配置为：
对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签；
比较识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目；
对照预定义的规则比较场所内人员的位置，以确保过程被遵循；及
当探测到差异时，引发警报。
8.如权利要求5所述的人员认证和跟踪系统，其中人员认证和跟踪系统装置部署在场所的外部入口、内部人流区域和安全区域处的场所的周围。
9.如权利要求5所述的人员认证和跟踪系统，其中人员认证和跟踪系统装置部署在火灾探测和通知系统内，火灾探测和通知系统向人员认证和跟踪系统装置提供电池备份。
10.一种计算机实现的方法，包括：
由具有处理器和存储器的计算系统对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签；
由计算系统接收识别通过探测区域或在探测区域内的人员的数目的数据；
由计算系统比较由接收到的数据识别出的人员的数目与由系统识别出的标签的数目；
当探测到识别出的人员的数目与在地点内具有人员的地点中的标签的数目存在差异时，由计算系统使得警报被断言。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：
对照出入控制列表认证通过探测区域的标签；
对照出入控制列表比较在特定探测区域中识别出的人员与由系统识别出的标签，以探测标签未被授权的地点内的该标签；及
当在该地点内探测到未被授权的标签时，使得警报被断言。
12.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：
对照预定义的规则比较建筑物内人员的位置，以确保过程被遵循。
13.如权利要求10所述的方法，还包括：
从覆盖整个建筑物各个点中的探测区的人员认证和跟踪装置收集数据；
当标签通过与人员认证和跟踪装置关联的探测区时，产生传达标签的路径的数据；及
在建筑物或楼层平面图的示意图的呈现设备上呈现绘出由标签采取的各个路径的地图。
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