CN106461157A - 用于低温液化介质存储仓的衬体 - Google Patents

用于低温液化介质存储仓的衬体 Download PDF

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CN106461157A
CN106461157A CN201580008630.6A CN201580008630A CN106461157A CN 106461157 A CN106461157 A CN 106461157A CN 201580008630 A CN201580008630 A CN 201580008630A CN 106461157 A CN106461157 A CN 106461157A
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steel plate
gas storage
liquefied gas
plate strip
support component
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M·克罗尔
T·瓦斯
K·朗
F·迈德勒
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Lintner Group GmbH
Linde GmbH
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Lintner Group GmbH
Linde GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及包括用于容纳储罐(2)的封闭混凝土壳体(1)的液化气存储站，容器的壁位于距混凝土壳体(1)内壁的一定距离处，所述混凝土壳体(1)内侧的壁区域中具有钢板的衬体(3)。本发明的特征在于所述衬体(3)由薄钢板条(6)形成，其相邻边缘(6.1)通过夹持连接件以气密方式连接。

Description

用于低温液化介质存储仓的衬体
本发明涉及用于低温液化介质存储仓的衬体(lining)，尤其是液化气存储仓，在所述存储仓中，充装液体介质的储罐(tank)由封闭的混凝土壳体所围绕。
目前，在液化气存储仓的混凝土壳体内侧上提供大约5mm厚的钢板的气密性衬体(也称为内衬)。在运转状态下，所述衬体防止气体从非气密的混凝土壳体中逸出，并防止水分渗入存储仓的隔离层中，隔离层通常位于充装液化气的储罐和混凝土壳体之间。在储罐可能发生泄漏的情形下，所述衬体防止气体逸出，并防止低温液化气通过混凝土壳体泄漏到外面。所述衬体由连续焊接在一起的金属薄板制成，其通常焊接到经混凝土加固的钢条上。由于混凝土壳体具有10到25m、或者有时达到大约40m的整体高度，包括焊接相对厚的金属薄板的这样的衬体在材料、加工和组装上带来高成本。
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有可低成本生产并易于装配的气密性衬体的液化气存储仓。
这一目的通过如独立权利要求1所述的液化气存储仓实现。从属权利要求涉及所述液化气存储仓的优选实施方案。
由此提供了一种液化气存储仓，包括用于容纳储罐的封闭的混凝土壳体，所述储罐的壁位于距混凝土壳体内壁的一定距离处，混凝土壳体在内侧上的壁区域中具有钢板衬体。如本发明所述，所述衬体由薄钢板条形成，钢板条的相邻边缘通过夹持连接件以气密方式互相连接。这避免了为使衬体气密而需要的复杂焊接工作。夹持连接件使钢板条因温度变化导致的尺寸变化成为可接受的。在本发明的范围中，封闭的混凝土壳体也表示所述混凝土壳体由底部区域和侧壁区域中的混凝土构成，并且具有不同材料的顶部，例如钢材。
相邻钢板条的边缘优选通过夹持作用连接在支撑元件上，有气体密封件插入在其中。支撑元件可由成型的金属板材形成，例如通过法兰装配。然而，支撑元件也可以是挤压部件，其优选呈低成本标准挤压部件的形式。
条带(strip)形式的气密性密封件可用作所述气体密封件。也可以使用液体密封剂，其优选施用至支撑元件。
所述支撑元件或者挤压部件具有优选C形的横截面，其具有优选向内有角度的边缘区域，并适于支撑密封件和板材条的相邻边缘区域。所述C形截面的边缘区域因此优选向内成90°的角度。也可以使用中空部件，例如具有矩形截面的中空部件。所述挤压部件或支撑元件的向内成角度的边缘区域优选与板材条的边缘区域重叠，并且通过夹持装置相互连接。
所述夹持连接体可通过任意种类的非刚性连接技术实现，例如螺纹连接，钳接(clinching)或者弹簧夹持，例如以夹杆(clamping bar)的形式。
在优选的实施方案的情形下，用于板材条边缘区域的支撑元件通过横截面呈C形的钢板部件形成，其向内成角度的边缘区域与板材条的边缘区域重叠，并通过夹杆相互连接。
在液化气存储仓的进一步优选的实施方案中，所述支撑元件通过中空部件形成，通过螺纹将夹持部件紧固至所述中空部件，板材条的边缘区域则插入于其中。所述夹持部件优选以U形方式形成。在本实施方案的情形下，在夹持部件和板材条之间以及在板材条和支撑元件之间有气体密封件。
用于板材条的支撑元件优选保持在紧固于混凝土壳体的有角度的托架之间。支撑元件和所述托架可通过钳接装置以气密方式相互连接。
但是，还可能的实施方案是用于板材条的支撑元件直接紧固到混凝土壳体上-不使用托架。所有种类的非刚性连接均可用于紧固支撑元件或托架到混凝土壳体上。例如，所述支撑元件或托架可铸到混凝土壳体中。优选通过射钉(fired-in pin)或者螺钉，优选具有销钉(dowel)的螺钉连接也是可行的。
隔离材料如矿物纤维或阻隔泡沫如聚氨酯可置于板材条和混凝土壳体之间。珍珠岩或泡沫玻璃也可作为所述隔离材料。其它不代表典型隔离材料的填充材料也可用于填充板材条和混凝土壳体之间的间隙，例如所有种类的块状材料。低成本的刨花板也可以使用。如果支撑元件具有空腔，例如在中空部件的情形下，其同样可以布置前述的隔离或填充材料。
形成液化气存储仓的钢板条优选从薄钢板卷(coil)展开。这提供了使用无缝钢板条覆盖需要高度的可能性，所述高度通常为10m到40m。这使得由接头构成的完成表面区域的比例能够保持下降。
钢板条优选由碳钢形成。其对通常在所用的混凝土材料中发现的氯化物的氯离子不敏感。高等级钢也可作为用于所述钢板条的材料。所述钢板条优选具有0.5mm到3mm的板厚。钢板条的宽度优选0.5m到2.5m，尤其优选为1.5m或2m。
钢板条优选在一侧或两侧提供防腐涂层。所述涂层可通过涂漆、橡胶覆盖物或层压物形成。在高等级钢条上可施用例如锌层。
包括钢板条的衬体可沿混凝土壳体的整个(垂直)侧壁延伸。在储罐下部的衬体也是可能的。
在如本发明所述的液化气存储仓的情形下，相邻的钢板条优选通过密封膜以气密方式在其连接区域覆盖。所述密封膜在此情形下可通过粘接剂或夹持连接件连接到相邻的钢板条上。所述密封膜可由例如金属板形成，优选钢材，或者由塑料垫子形成。位于密封膜后的空腔可用于监测泄露，由此其优选配置永久性冲洗设备。
下文中本发明的实施方式将以附图为基础进一步进行详细的解释，其中：
附图1示出了具有混凝土壳体的液化气存储仓的截面图。
附图2示出了具有衬体的混凝土壳体的壁部分的透视图。
附图3示出了附图2中通过两个相邻的板材条的连接区域沿着线A-A的截面视图。
附图4示出了通过连接区域另一实施方案的横截面。
附图5示出了通过连接区域的进一步实施方案的横截面。
附图6示出了通过钢板条顶端的横截面。
附图1示出了常规圆筒状的整体式混凝土壳体1，其中存在用于接收低温液化介质的储罐2，尤其是液化天然气LNG，其存储在大约零下164℃。混凝土壳体1的侧壁设置气密性衬体3，其形成密封性外壳(skin)。隔离材料4或者填充材料4可设置在储罐2和壳体1之间。然而，这不是必须存在的。
附图标记5表示在混凝土壳体1的底部区域中的钢托，其用于收集从储罐2泄露的液化气并且作为隔离钢槽，其在附图1中只是示意性地示出。LNG储罐2在顶部是敞开的，并提供有盖体(covering)2.1，盖体之上施用隔离材料4。在2.2处，用于盖体2.1的悬挂件2.2由虚线表示。
衬体3以常规方式由约5mm厚的焊接钢板制成，其以气密的方式焊接到钢托5。这需要费力的焊接工作，导致整个生产涉及高成本并且耗费大量的装配工时。
而依照本发明，衬体3通过夹持作用由相互连接的薄金属板条制成，如附图2到附图5示意性示出的。
附图2示出了混凝土壳体1的金属衬体3的透视图。衬体3由垂直延伸的板材条6制成，板材厚度可介于约0.5到3mm，例如0.63mm。板材6的单个条通过连接区域7以气密方式相互连接，其在附图3的横截面中示意性示出。
在混凝土壳体1上的板材条6的边缘区域中，钢板的有角度的托架8被紧固到混凝土壳体1，例如通过彼此间隔开预定距离的销钉和螺钉8.1或者射筒销(cartridge-firedpin)。相邻的托架8之间的柄榫头(held)是横截面近似C形的金属板部件9形式的支撑元件9，其向内有角度的边缘部分9.1与板材条6的边缘部分6.1重叠。重叠区域中设置夹杆10，该夹杆将板材条6的边缘区域6.1和C形部件9的边缘部分9.1相互压住。在边缘部分6.1和9.1之间在重叠区域中设置密封条，其表示为11并且不透气。
在附图3所示的实施方案中，托架8通过钳接以气密方式连接到C形部件9的侧壁，C形部件的板材变形，但不会从中穿破。所述托架8可设置成例如在板材条6的纵向上距离约2m，用于将支撑元件9紧固在混凝土壳体1的壁上。
由于重叠的板材条6的边缘6.1和C形部件9的边缘9.1之间的气体密封件11，后者形成板材条6在连接区域7中的气密性延续体。
板材条6和混凝土壳体1之间的空腔可设置能承受内部空间正压力的适当耐压的隔离材料或填充材料12。连接区域7优选由密封膜13以气密方式覆盖，由此隔离材料或填充材料12.1也可设置在C形部件9形式的开放式支撑元件中。覆盖夹杆10的密封膜13优选通过胶粘剂连接到相邻的板材条6上。
所述密封膜13形成第二密封层级(level)。C形部件9中的空腔也可用作泄漏监测。
如附图1所示，在附图2和附图3中再现的包括板材条6的衬体3沿混凝土壳体1的内壁、从混凝土壳体1的近似圆顶形的顶部延伸到收集钢托5的区域，可沿混凝土壳体1的内周边设置钢托5和衬体3之间的延伸的密封件。所述钢托5也可以气密方式焊接到衬体3的板材条6上。与附图1所示的实施方案不一致的是，衬体3也可延伸到混凝土壳体1的底部，以便混凝土壳体1的整个(垂直)侧壁内侧均设置内衬。
板材条6优选在一侧或两侧具有防腐涂层。在上端和下端，所述板材条6通过如附图3和附图4中相应的夹持连接件的可组合的夹持结构连接到密封件。例如，相对于垂直延伸的支撑元件9，90，可设置横向延伸的支撑元件或杆14，其在夹持作用下以气密方式抵接在板材条6的端部。这样的边缘封端如附图6所示，其示出了通过板材条6的上部末端的截面。支撑元件14是C形挤压部件，其以气密方式连接到混凝土壳体1。在本实施方案中，支撑元件14焊接在钢板22上，钢板22以气密方式铸入或通过其它手段连接到混凝土壳体1上。板材条6通过具有C形截面的夹杆15与支撑元件14相抵压，类似地有挤压部件，其通过夹持连接件17，例如螺纹连接。在支撑元件14和板材条6的顶端边缘之间以及在板材条6的顶端边缘和夹杆15之间在各自情形下具有密封件16。其例如可以是密封条。
所述夹持连接体使得因温度变化而导致的材料伸长或收缩是可接受的，在夹持连接处不设置所述气体密封件会产生泄漏。
附图4示出相邻的板材条6之间的连接区域7的改进的实施方案，横截面近似矩形的中空部件90如挤压部件延伸越过相邻板材条6的边缘区域，并保持在L形托架8之间。通过横截面U形的夹持部件91，板材条6的边缘区域6.1由螺钉91.1抵压在中空部件90上。气体密封件11优选设置在夹持部件91和板材条6之间以及在板材条6和支撑元件90之间。
附图5示出了衬体3的相邻板材条6之间的连接区域7的进一步实施方案的截面图。C形挤压部件作为支撑元件190，其具有向内成角度的边缘部分190.1，其上通过夹持装置20分别固定边缘部分6.1，其中插入气体密封件11。在本实施方案中，支撑元件190直接通过具有销钉的螺纹连接件21紧固到混凝土壳体1上。连接区域7通过塑料或金属板材的密封膜13以气密的方式封闭。所述密封膜13粘接到板材条6。隔离材料或填充材料12是任选的。虽然附图5中未示出，支撑元件190可提供如附图1到4中的附图标记12和12.1所示的隔离材料或填充材料的填充物。
包括板材条6的所述衬体3可具有10到25m的高度，有时高达约40m，其与混凝土壳体1的整体高度相应，同时所述板材段可具有1.5m的宽度。所述板材条6从薄钢板卷展开，并且在整个高度上无缝使用，以便于由接头构成的完成表面区域的比例保持下降，避免交叉接头处的密封件。
附图标记

Claims (15)

1.一种液化气存储仓，包括用于容纳储罐(2)的封闭的混凝土壳体(1)，所述储罐的壁位于距混凝土壳体(1)内壁一定距离处，所述混凝土壳体(1)在内侧上的壁区域中具有钢板的衬体(3)，其特征在于所述衬体(3)由薄钢板条(6)形成，薄钢板条的相邻边缘(6.1)通过夹持连接件以气密方式彼此连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的液化气存储仓，相邻钢板条(6)的边缘(6.1)通过夹持作用连接到支撑元件(9，90，190)上，其中插入气体密封件(11)。
3.如权利要求2所述的液化气存储仓，用于钢板条(6)的边缘区域(6.1)的支撑元件(9)由横截面C形的钢板部件形成，其向内有角度的边缘区域(9.1)与所述钢板条(6)的边缘区域(6.1)重叠，并且通过夹杆(10)相互连接。
4.如权利要求2所述的液化气存储仓，所述支撑元件由中空部件(90)形成，通过螺钉(91.1)紧固夹持部件(91)至中空部件，钢板条(6)的边缘区域(6.1)插入在其中。
5.如权利要求2至4之一所述的液化气存储仓，用于钢板条(6)的支撑元件(9，90)保持在紧固于混凝土壳体(1)的有角度的托架(8)之间。
6.如权利要求2至4之一所述的液化气存储仓，用于钢板条(6)的支撑元件(190)直接紧固至混凝土壳体(1)，尤其通过螺纹连接件(21)。
7.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，隔离或填充材料(12)设置在所述钢板条(6)和混凝土壳体(1)之间。
8.如权利要求2或权利要求4至7之一所述的液化气存储仓，所述支撑元件(90，190)通过挤压部件形成。
9.如权利要求8所述的液化气存储仓，所述支撑元件(190)或挤压部件(190)形成为具有向内有角度的边缘区域(190.1)的横截面C形的部件。
10.如权利要求9所述的液化气存储仓，所述挤压部件(190)或支撑元件(190)的向内有角度的边缘区域(190.1)与钢板条(6)的边缘区域(6.1)重叠，并且通过夹持装置(20)相互连接。
11.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，所述钢板条(6)由薄钢板卷展开。
12.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，所述钢板条(6)具有0.5mm到3mm的板厚。
13.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，所述钢板条(6)的宽度为0.5m到2.5m，尤其是1.5m或2m。
14.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，所述钢板条(6)由碳钢形成。
15.如前述权利要求之一所述的液化气存储仓，相邻的钢板条(6)在它们的连接区域(7)由密封膜(13)以气密方式覆盖。
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