CN106457676A - 用于制造构件连接系统的方法 - Google Patents

用于制造构件连接系统的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106457676A
CN106457676A CN201580028402.5A CN201580028402A CN106457676A CN 106457676 A CN106457676 A CN 106457676A CN 201580028402 A CN201580028402 A CN 201580028402A CN 106457676 A CN106457676 A CN 106457676A
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China
Prior art keywords
spheroid
component
supersonic generator
pressed
channel
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CN201580028402.5A
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CN106457676B (zh
Inventor
M·哈默
J·尼凯克
C·斯特凡齐奥萨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/7805—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features
    • B29C65/7808—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots
    • B29C65/7811—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring the parts to be joined comprising positioning features in the form of holes or slots for centring purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/118—Single monotone curved joints
    • B29C66/1182—Single monotone curved joints the joint being C-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B29C65/082—Angular, i.e. torsional ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/58—Snap connection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72143—Fibres of discontinuous lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72324—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of inorganic materials not provided for in B29C66/72321 - B29C66/72322
    • B29C66/72326—Glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
    • B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造构件连接系统的方法，其特征在于下述步骤：提供第一构件(1)；提供第一球体(5)；借助超声波发生器(4)将第一球体(5)压紧到第一构件(1)上；借助超声波发生器(4)使第一球体(5)振动，使得第一球体(5)的材料和/或第一构件(1)的材料熔化并且将第一球体(5)与第一构件(1)焊接在一起；提供第二球体(6)；借助相同的超声波发生器(4)或其它超声波发生器将第二球体(6)压紧到第一球体(5)上；借助相同的超声波发生器(4)或所述其它超声波发生器使第二球体(6)振动，使得第二球体(6)的材料和/或第一球体(5)的材料熔化并且将第二球体(6)与第一球体(5)焊接在一起。

Description

用于制造构件连接系统的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的特征的用于制造构件连接系统的方法。
背景技术
由现有技术已知许多构件连接系统，在这些构件连接系统中将球体用作为连接元件。例如由DE102009049602B3已知一种“构件连接系统”，其中，用作为连接元件的球体焊接到车身金属板上，该球体形锁合地嵌入到设置在其它金属板中的凹处中。
由DE102012214453B4已知一种构件连接系统，其中，“双球体”、也就是说由两个彼此连接的球体构成的连接元件焊接到金属板上，其中，可将夹持元件夹到该双球体上。
发明内容
本发明的任务是提出一种用于制造构件连接系统的方法，该构件连接系统具有双球体或多球体，所述方法拓展另外的应用领域。
所述任务通过权利要求1的特征来解决。本发明有利的设计方案和扩展方案由各从属权利要求可得出。
根据本发明的用于制造构件连接系统的方法的出发点是在下面被称为“第一构件”的基底。所述第一构件可例如是平面的或可具有几乎任意其它形状。
第一构件至少在其表面的一部分区域中由热塑性塑料制成或至少在其表面的一部分区域中设有热塑性塑料。当然整个第一构件可完全由热塑性塑料制成。作为对此的替代，第一构件可完全或部分由纤维增强的热塑性塑料材料制成。所述纤维于是分布在第一构件的热塑性塑料内并且用于增强或加强。作为加强纤维考虑例如碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维或类似物。在它们的纤维长度方面可使用长纤维、短纤维或所谓的连续纤维或这些纤维的组合。
如已经表明的那样，整个第一构件并非必须完全由热塑性塑料制成。也可考虑所述第一构件具有支承基底，该支承基底完全或至少在其表面的部分区域中涂覆有热塑性塑料或纤维增强的热塑性塑料。
根据本发明，将第一球体与第一构件连接在一起，更确切地说通过超声波焊接连接在一起。为此，借助超声波发生器将提供的第一球体压靠到第一构件的“连接位置”上。
所述第一球体可以是完全由热塑性塑料材料制成的球体。作为对此的替代，该第一球体也可以是由热塑性塑料材料制成的空心球体。此外可考虑，所述第一球体具有球体芯，该球体芯可例如由钢、铝、玻璃、铅或类似物制成并且该球体芯完全或部分涂覆或覆盖有热塑性塑料材料或纤维增强的热塑性塑料材料。通过这种方式，将球体芯的限定的特性(该球体芯可例如是磁性的)与用作为“涂层”的热塑性塑料材料的特定的特性(例如可与构件或基底焊接的可焊接性)相结合。
当至少第一球体的表面或一部分表面由纤维增强的或颗粒增强的塑料材料制成时，可由此提高第一球体的强度。
借助超声波发生器使压紧到第一构件上的第一球体振动，这导致第一球体的材料和/或第一构件的材料局部、也就是说在接触位置周围熔化并且将第一球体与第一构件局部焊接在一起。
根据本发明，将第二球体焊接到第一球体上。为此首先借助相同的超声波发生器或其它超声波发生器将第二球体压靠到第一球体上并且使其振动，这导致第二球体的材料和/或第一球体的材料在接触区域中、也就是说在接触位置周围熔化并且将第二球体与第一球体焊接在一起。
当然，根据本发明不仅可制造双球体而且也可一般性制造多球体、也就是说具有连续相继地彼此焊接在一起的两个或多于两个球体的连接元件。
各待彼此焊接在一起的球体在它们的结构方面可以是相同或不同的。例如第二球体可以是由热塑性塑料材料制成的实心球体或由热塑性塑料材料制成的空心球体。作为对此的替代，第二球体可具有球体芯，该球体芯例如由钢、铝、玻璃、铅或类似物制成并且该球体芯完全或部分涂覆或覆盖有热塑性塑料或纤维增强的热塑性塑料。如上面已经结合第一球体阐述的那样，由此可将球体芯的特定的特性与涂层的特定的特性相结合。
为了使第二球体易于压紧和定位到第一球体上或者说相对于第一球体压紧和定位，可使用定位辅助装置。“定位辅助装置”的概念一般来说可理解为局部或完全包围第一球体的装置，该装置用作为用于将超声波发生器或将由此待压紧的第二球体向第一球体精确引导的引导装置。换言之，即首先将定位辅助装置安置到第一球体上，其中，定位辅助装置至少部分包围第一球体。随后，在将第二球体压紧到第一球体上时借助定位辅助装置引导或定位超声波发生器。
相同的或类似的定位辅助装置也可已经在将第一球体与第一构件压紧或焊接在一起时被使用。在将第一球体压紧到第一构件上之前，即首先将定位辅助装置安置或压紧到第一构件上。当定位辅助装置位于限定的位置中时，借助该定位辅助装置使超声波发生器或使第一球体借助超声波发生器向第一构件引导并且压靠到第一构件上。
为了使第一球体相对于第一构件精确定位，可在第一构件的表面上或中设置物理标记。该物理标记可例如构成为槽状的凹部、通孔或类似物。第一球体伸入到物理标记中至少一段距离并且由此单义地相对于第一构件定位。
根据本发明的一种扩展方案规定，在焊接期间借助超声波发生器使第一球体或第二球体平移振动。作为对此的替代或补充也可规定，在焊接期间借助超声波发生器使第一球体或第二球体扭转振动。
由球体的完全对称的设计结构得到的一个重要优点是，在焊接球体时该球体始终正确地在空间中定向。因此，只需将待焊接的球体正确定位，而无需以限定的方式对其定向。基于球体的凸形的几何形状在将球体放置到第一构件上时或在将第二球体放置到第一球体上时形成点接触或大致点状的接触，这在焊接时导致非常高的能量密度并且因此导致球体材料或第一构件的材料较工整的局部受限的熔化。因此，结果产生非常高质量的焊接连接。
根据本发明的一种扩展方案，借助吸附装置将第一或第二球体吸附到超声波发生器的槽状的凹处上或吸入到超声波发生器的槽状的凹处中，并且在吸附或吸入状态中借助超声波发生器将第一球体压紧到第一构件上或将第二球体压紧到第一球体上。
槽状的凹处可尤其设计成球冠状的。超声波发生器的球冠状的凹处的曲率半径可等于球体半径。与此相对，球冠状的凹处的曲率半径可略小于球体半径，这于是导致在球体状凹处与球体之间的环状接触。当球冠状的凹处的曲率半径略大于球体半径时，球体仅在相对小的接触面区域中贴靠在球冠状的凹处上。
可规定，第一或第二球体通过借助吸附装置的吸附被从球体储存器、尤其从填充有许多球体的储存容器中取出、吸附到超声波发生器上并且借助超声波发生器向第一构件或向第一球体引导和压紧。
作为对此的替代也可规定，借助输送装置(例如气动地通过输送软管或类似物)例如从侧面向超声波发生器或超声波发生器的凹处输送球体。
根据本发明的一种扩展方案，将夹持元件夹到第一和/或第二球体上。夹持元件可以是第二构件的集成的组成部分。
对于这种构件连接系统存在几乎不受限的应用可能性。本发明尤其适合用于车辆车身制造，也就是说所述第一和/或第二构件可例如是车辆车身构件。作为对此的替代，所述第一或第二构件可以是车辆车身构件并且所述其它构件是附件。例如在车辆的发动机舱区域中亦或在其它车辆区域中、如后备箱区域中、底板区域或类似物中可找到许多这种附件。
借助这种夹持元件也可形锁合和/或力锁合地连接具有孔的第二构件与第一构件。设有通孔的第二构件可这样贴靠到第一构件上，使得由这两个球体构成的“双球体”穿过设置在第二构件中的孔。为了固定这两个构件，于是只需将夹持元件夹到“双球体”上，该双球体于是作为用于这两个构件的连接元件起作用。
所述球体的焊接可手动、也就是说借助待用手引导和待操作的超声波发生器进行或者全自动化地进行。在自动化的过程中，例如借助工业机械手引导超声波发生器。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细阐述本发明。附图如下：
图1至图7示出根据本发明的方法的各实施步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出基本上平面的第一塑料构件1，在其上侧1a中设有槽状的凹部，该槽状的凹部用作为“物理”标记用以定位球体。第一构件1可完全由热塑性塑料材料制成或覆盖有热塑性塑料材料。
在图2中所示的方法步骤中，将定位辅助装置3安置到第一构件1上。定位辅助装置3具有圆形的相对于所述槽状的凹部2同心地定向的凹处3a。
借助在此仅非常示意性示出的超声波发生器4(该超声波发生器在其下端侧上具有槽状的凹部4a)吸附第一球体5。借助在此未详细示出的集成到超声波发生器4中或设置在超声波发生器4上的吸附装置将球体5吸附到超声波发生器4的槽状的凹部4a上或中。
通过超声波发生器4的平移移动，将吸附到超声波发生器4上的第一球体5向第一构件1引导，直至第一球体5精确地到达第一构件1的槽状的凹部2中，这在图3中示出。在此，定位辅助装置3用于引导超声波发生器，由此确保第一球体5相对于槽状的凹部2精确定位于中心。
随后“接通”超声波发生器4。在此，超声波发生器4将“超声波振动”施加到第一球体5上。该超声波振动可以是平移振动和/或扭转振动。通过超声波振动，在第一球体5与第一构件1或者说与槽状的凹部2之间的接触区域中产生如此高的能量密度，使得第一球体5的材料和/或第一构件1的材料局部熔化，这导致第一球体5与第一构件1局部熔合或焊接在一起。
如由图3可见的那样，第一球体5的外径大致相应于定位辅助装置3的直径3a，由此确保第一球体5即使在超声波发生器4接通时也精确保持在其基于凹处3a预先给定的位置中。
图4示出将第二球体6焊接到第一球体5上的方法步骤。在此首先也将一定位辅助装置或相同的定位辅助装置3安置到第一构件1上。定位辅助装置3在其圆形的凹处3a的下侧上具有斜面3b，该斜面使定位辅助装置3更容易地“套到”第一球体5上。基于斜面3b，定位辅助装置可在第一球体上向下滑动。因为凹处3a的直径相应于第一球体5的直径，所以如已经阐述的那样定位辅助装置相对于第一球体5精确定位。
接着，将第二球体6吸附到超声波发生器4上。借助定位辅助装置3将超声波发生器4向第一球体5这样引导，使得两个球体5、6的中点精确位于关于第一构件1的垂线7上。
如在图5至图7中所示的那样，第二球体6并非必须一定这样放置或与第一球体5焊接，使得延伸经过两个球体5、6的各中点的直线7a垂直于第一构件1延伸。如尤其由图5、图6、图7可见的那样，第二球体6也可“倾斜”地焊接贴靠到第一球体5上。在此情况下，延伸经过两个球体5、6的各中点的直线7a倾斜于构件1的垂线延伸并且因此也倾斜于在此平面的构件1延伸。
在附图中所示的定位辅助装置3构造为“超前的”的定位辅助装置、也就是说其在将第一球体5向第一构件1引导之前或在将第二球体6向第一球体5引导之前就贴靠在第一构件1上。尤其是在焊接多球体时，这种定位辅助装置确保各球体相对彼此精确的位置。如已经阐述的那样，定位辅助装置3此外作为“局部夹具”起作用并且因此防止当前待焊接的球体在焊接过程期间滑动。
如在图7中所示的那样，定位辅助装置可构造成两件式的、也就是说该定位辅助装置可由两个可枢转分离的半部构成或具有两个可枢转分离的半部，这在焊接过程之后易于定位辅助装置的取出。
此外可规定，在达到或超过预先给定的作用到第一球体5或第二球体6上的压紧力时，才启动焊接过程、也就是说接通超声波发生器4。此外可规定，在超声波发生器再次压靠或者说重新压紧时不重新启动焊接过程、也就是说超声波发生器不重新介入。

Claims (14)

1.用于制造构件连接系统的方法，其特征在于下述步骤：
-提供第一构件(1)；
-提供第一球体(5)；
-借助超声波发生器(4)将第一球体(5)压紧到第一构件(1)上；
-借助超声波发生器(4)使第一球体(5)振动，使得第一球体(5)的材料和/或第一构件(1)的材料熔化并且将第一球体(5)与第一构件(1)焊接在一起；
-提供第二球体(6)；
-借助相同的超声波发生器(4)或其它超声波发生器将第二球体(6)压紧到第一球体(5)上；
-借助相同的超声波发生器(4)或所述其它超声波发生器使第二球体(6)振动，使得第二球体(6)的材料和/或第一球体(5)的材料熔化并且将第二球体(6)与第一球体(5)焊接在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将至少部分包围第一球体(5)的定位辅助装置(3)安置到第一球体(5)上，其中，在将第二球体(6)压紧到第一球体(5)上时借助定位辅助装置(3)引导和定位所述超声波发生器(4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，在将第一球体(5)压紧到第一构件(1)上之前，首先将定位辅助装置(3)安置到第一构件上，其中，在将第一球体(5)压紧到第一构件(1)上时借助定位辅助装置(3)引导和定位所述超声波发生器。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一构件(1)的表面中设有或产生物理标记(2)、尤其是槽状的凹部，第一球体(5)伸入到该槽状的凹部中，其中，通过所述标记使所述第一球体(5)单义地相对于第一构件(1)定位。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一球体(5)和/或第二球体(6)是
-由热塑性塑料制成的实心球体；或
-由热塑性塑料制成的空心球体；或
-具有球体芯，该球体芯涂覆有热塑性塑料，其中，球体芯的材料与热塑性塑料的材料不同。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一球体(5)和/或第二球体(6)的至少一个靠近表面的层通过纤维和/或颗粒增强。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述超声波发生器(4)具有槽状的、尤其是球冠状的容纳部(4a)，其中，第一球体(5)或第二球体(6)在压紧时伸入到该槽状的容纳部(4a)中。
8.根据权利要求1至7之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器(4)使第一或第二球体(5、6)平移振动。
9.根据权利要求1至8之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器(4)使第一或第二球体(5、6)扭转振动。
10.根据权利要求1至9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一构件(1)在第一球体(5)被压靠到第一构件(1)上的位置处大致或精确是平面的，使得在焊接之前在第一球体(5)和所述第一球体(5)被压靠到第一构件(1)上的位置之间存在点状的接触。
11.根据权利要求1至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助吸附装置将第一或第二球体(5、6)吸附到槽状的凹处(4a)上或吸入到槽状的凹处中，并且在吸附或吸入的状态中借助超声波发生器(4)将第一球体压紧到第一构件(1)上或将第二球体压紧到第一球体(5)上。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，通过吸附将所述第一或第二球体(5、6)从球体储存器、尤其从填充有许多球体的储存容器中取出。
13.根据权利要求1至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将夹持元件夹到第一和/或第二球体(5、6)上。
14.根据权利要求1至13之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将具有通孔的第二构件向第一构件(1)引导，使得第一和/或第二球体(5、6)伸入到通孔中或穿过通孔，并且随后将夹持元件夹到第一和/或第二球体(5、6)上，其中，通过夹持元件将两个构件固定在一起。
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