CN106460894A - 构件连接系统以及用于使球体塑性变型的方法 - Google Patents

构件连接系统以及用于使球体塑性变型的方法 Download PDF

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CN106460894A
CN106460894A CN201580026286.3A CN201580026286A CN106460894A CN 106460894 A CN106460894 A CN 106460894A CN 201580026286 A CN201580026286 A CN 201580026286A CN 106460894 A CN106460894 A CN 106460894A
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spheroid
hole
component
connecting element
holes
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CN106460894B (zh
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M·哈默
J·尼凯克
C·斯特凡齐奥萨
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/04—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of riveting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B23K20/106—Features related to sonotrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B29C65/081—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations having a component of vibration not perpendicular to the welding surface
    • B29C65/082—Angular, i.e. torsional ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/603—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined the rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B29C65/7847—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes using vacuum to hold at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81411—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat
    • B29C66/81421—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave
    • B29C66/81423—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined characterised by its cross-section, e.g. transversal or longitudinal, being non-flat being convex or concave being concave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81431—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single cavity, e.g. a groove
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B5/00—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them
    • F16B5/08—Joining sheets or plates, e.g. panels, to one another or to strips or bars parallel to them by means of welds or the like

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于使球体(5)塑性变型的方法，该球体构成连接元件(5')或连接元件的一部分，所述连接元件设置用于连接至少两个构件(1、2)，其中，借助超声波将使球体塑性变型所需的能量的至少一部分引入到球体中。

Description

构件连接系统以及用于使球体塑性变型的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前序部分的构件连接系统以及一种根据权利要求2前序部分的用于使球体塑性变型的方法。
背景技术
这种构件连接系统或这种方法由较早的、未在先公开的德国专利申请DE102014211660已知。
自超过一百年以来，铆钉已经以最不同的形状和造型用于构件的连接。在铆接构件时，铆钉被插入相对彼此同心定向的、设置在待彼此连接的各构件中的孔中并且通过施加压力或者力发生塑性变形。
发明内容
本发明的任务是实现一种构件连接系统，在该构件连接系统中，两个构件以另外的低成本方式彼此连接。此外，本发明的任务是提出一种适合于此的方法。
该任务通过权利要求1或2的特征来解决。本发明的有利构造方案和扩展方案在各从属权利要求中可得出。
本发明的出发点是一种构件连接系统，其包括具有通孔的第一构件和具有孔的第二构件。设置在第二构件中的孔也可以是通孔或仅是盲孔。此外，所述构件连接系统具有连接所述两个构件的“连接元件”。在该连接元件和所述两个构件中的至少一个构件之间存在形锁合。此外可规定，在一个或两个构件和连接元件之间存在摩擦锁合。此外可规定，在连接元件和两个构件之间存在形锁合并且必要时也存在摩擦锁合。
本发明的核心在于，连接元件或连接元件的一部分通过球体的塑性超声波变形制成。因此，连接元件的“初始材料”可以是球体，或者连接元件的一部分可首先由球体构成。所述“初始材料”并非必须、即并非必然仅是球体。也可考虑所述球体是更复杂的元件的一部分(例如可从所述球体突出有栓或类似物)。
借助超声波发生器将超声波能量引入到所述球体中，该超声波能量将球体如此强烈地置于振动中，使得该球体至少变得如此“软”，从而该球体可发生塑性变形。在球体塑性变形之后，该球体具有这样的形状：该形状形锁合或铆钉状地搭接并突出于设置在第一构件中的通孔并且穿过该设置在第一构件中的通孔延伸到设置在第二构件中的通孔中。如已经提及的那样，在由球体通过球体的变型制成的连接元件和所述第二构件之间可产生摩擦锁合。如果所述设置在第二构件中的孔也是通孔，则可规定，塑性变形的连接元件延伸穿过所述两个孔并且形锁合或铆钉状地搭接并突出于两个孔。
本发明的一个重要优点在于，球体(与球体的材料无关)通常是极其低成本的能够以“公斤价格”购入的量产物品。因此，本发明尤其适合用于大批量应用。
基于球体的完全对称，该球体可非常容易借助球冠状的声波发生器被“击打”或者说发生变形。球体可例如借助集成到声波发生器中或设置在声波发生器上的抽吸装置吸附、通过超声波“变软”并且接着被“击打”也就是说发生变形。该过程可完全自动化地借助机械手实现。
本发明可结合最不同的球体材料应用。所述球体可例如由塑料材料制成。作为对此的替代，球体也可由金属或由合金制成。本发明尤其可结合铝制球体、铜制球体或钢制球体应用。
在两个构件的材料方面，本发明也可广泛使用。所述第一和/或第二构件可例如由金属(如钢或铝)制成或由塑料、尤其是由纤维增强塑料制成。所述第一构件尤其可由不同于第二构件的材料制成(“混合构件连接系统”)。
构件之一或者两个构件都可以是车辆的车身构件。但是，本发明不仅可用于车辆制造，而且也可完全普遍地用于以简单且低成本的方式将两个构件彼此连接的情况。
借助声波发生器能够将球体置于振动中。例如可考虑使声波发生器的振动方向平行于延伸穿过所述两个孔的各中心的轴线、也就是说在孔区域中大致垂直于两个构件。作为对此的替代也可借助“旋转声波发生器”工作，所述旋转声波发生器将球体置于旋转振动(“扭转的超声波”)。
附图说明
下面结合附图详细阐述本发明。附图如下：
图1和图2示出根据本发明的一种实施例，其中，所述两个构件从两侧通过球体的塑性变形而彼此连接；并且
图3、图4示出一种实施例，其中，所述两个构件通过球体的单侧变形而彼此连接。
具体实施方式
图1示出两个彼此贴靠的构件1、2。在第一构件1中设有第一通孔1a。在第二构件2中设有第二通孔2a。两个构件1、2这样彼此贴靠，使得两个通孔1a、2a相对彼此同心地定向，这通过点划线所示的延伸穿过两个孔1a、2a的各中心的中垂线3表示。
从构件2的下侧放置凹模状的模具4，该模具具有盆状的凹部或者说凹处4a。
从第一构件1那侧放置球体5。在图1所示布置结构中，该球体5的直径大于通孔1a的直径。球体5被放置到通孔1a上并且借助超声波发生器6置于振动中。超声波发生器6具有球冠状的凹部6a，其从外部贴靠在球体5上。球体5能够借助超声波发生器被置于平行于轴线3的振动中，或者作为对此的代替被置于围绕轴线3振荡的旋转振动中。借助超声波发生器6将如此多的能量引入到球体5中，使得该球体变“软”并且可塑性变形。通过将超声波发生器6和凹模状的模具4压合在一起，使球体5变形进入到通孔1a、2a中。在构件1上侧区域中以及在构件2下侧区域中，所述球体与设置在超声波发生器6中的球冠状的凹部6a或凹模状的模具的凹部4a相应地发生变形。因此，由球体5产生铆钉状搭接并突出于所述两个通孔1a、2a的连接元件5'，这在图2中示出。
所基于的方法能够全自动化地借助引导超声波发生器的机械手来实施。球体5能够例如借助集成到声波发生器6中或设置在声波发生器6上的抽吸装置从储存容器中吸出来并且被放置到通孔1a上。随后也能由机械手控制地使声波发生器6和凹模状的模具4压向彼此。
图3、图4描述了一种实施例，其中，两个构件1、2通过“单侧接合”彼此连接。在此，在第一构件1中也设有通孔1a。与图1、图2的实施例不同的是，在第二构件2中仅设有盲孔。
与图1、图2的实施例完全类似的是，借助超声波发生器6使球体5“软化”并且通过将超声波发生器6压紧到球体5上使球体塑性变形地穿过通孔1a并且进入盲孔2a中，由此形成图4中所示的、由球体5产生的铆钉状的连接元件5'。该连接元件5'类似于图1、图2的实施例具有蘑菇状或帽状的头部5'a，所述头部形锁合地搭接并突出于设置在第一构件1中的通孔。通过压入球体材料，在连接元件5'与第二构件2之间或者与设置在该第二构件中的盲孔2a之间形成摩擦锁合。

Claims (17)

1.构件连接系统，所述构件连接系统包括：具有通孔(1a)的第一构件(1)和具有孔(2a)的第二构件(2)以及连接所述两个构件的连接元件(5')，其特征在于，所述连接元件(5')通过球体(5)的塑性超声波变形制成，其中，塑性变形的连接元件(5')形锁合地搭接并突出于所述通孔(1a)并且穿过通孔(1a)延伸到设置在第二构件(2)中的孔(2a)中。
2.用于使球体(5)塑性变型的方法，该球体构成连接元件(5')或连接元件(5')的一部分，所述连接元件设置用于连接至少两个构件(1、2)，其特征在于，借助超声波将使球体(5)塑性变型所需的能量的至少一部分引入到球体(5)中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，借助直接放置到球体(5)上的超声波发生器(6)将能量引入到球体(5)中。
4.根据权利要求2或3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，由塑料材料制成所述球体(5)。
5.根据权利要求2或3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，由金属或由合金制成所述球体(5)。
6.根据权利要求2、3或5之一所述的方法，其特征在于，由铝或铜或钢制成所述球体。
7.根据权利要求2至6之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述两个构件(1、2)分别具有一个孔(1a、2a)并且这样相对彼此定向，使得两个构件(1a、2a)彼此贴靠并且通孔(1a、2a)相对彼此大致同心或精确同心地设置。
8.根据权利要求2至7之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器(6)将所述球体(5)置于振动中，其中，振动方向平行于延伸经过两个孔(1a、2a)的各中心的轴线(3)。
9.根据权利要求2至7之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助超声波发生器(6)将所述球体(5)置于旋转振动中。
10.根据权利要求2至9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述球体(5)引入到两个孔(1a、2a)中或变形进入所述孔(1a、2a)中，其中，所述球体(5)在塑性变形之后搭接并突出于所述两个孔(1a、2a)中的至少一个孔，从而在由此产生的连接元件(5')和所述两个构件(1、2)中的至少一个构件之间产生形锁合。
11.根据权利要求2至10之一所述的方法，其特征在于，这样塑性变形所述球体(5)，使得所述球体(5)在塑性变形之后蘑菇状或铆钉状地搭接并突出于所述两个孔中的至少一个孔。
12.根据权利要求2至11之一所述的方法，其特征在于，所述孔中的一个孔是通孔(1a)并且另外的孔是盲孔(2a)。
13.根据权利要求2至12之一所述的方法，其特征在于，从通孔(1a)的那侧将超声波能量引入到球体(5)中。
14.根据权利要求2至11或13之一所述的方法，其特征在于，两个孔(1a、2a)都是通孔。
15.根据权利要求2至11或13或14之一所述的方法，其特征在于，从球体(5)的一侧将超声波能量引入到球体(5)中并且从球体(5)的对置的一侧借助凹模状的模具(4)进行支托，其中，所述球体(5)塑性变形地进入凹模状的模具(4)的凹处(4a)中。
16.根据权利要求2至15之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助集成到超声波发生器(6)中或设置在超声波发生器(6)上的抽吸装置将被所述球体(5)吸到超声波发生器的凹部(6a)中。
17.根据权利要求2至16之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助机械手引导所述超声波发生器，并且将使球体变型所需的力至少施加到机械手的一部分上并且经由超声波发生器传输到所述球体上。
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