CN106457194B - 制造微胶囊的方法 - Google Patents
制造微胶囊的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106457194B CN106457194B CN201580022885.8A CN201580022885A CN106457194B CN 106457194 B CN106457194 B CN 106457194B CN 201580022885 A CN201580022885 A CN 201580022885A CN 106457194 B CN106457194 B CN 106457194B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- diisocyanate
- microcapsules
- hexane
- isocyanate
- acid group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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Abstract
本申请描述制造含有由在聚乙烯醇共聚物存在下获得的聚脲制成的壳的微胶囊的方法。
Description
本申请涉及制造微胶囊的方法。
微胶囊是由核和包围该核的壁材料构成的球形物体,其中该核是固体、液体或气态物质,其被固体(通常聚合)壁材料包围。它们可以是固体,即由单一材料构成。微胶囊具有平均1至1000微米的直径。
许多壳材料已知用于制造微胶囊的壁。该壳可以由天然、半合成或合成材料构成。天然壳材料是例如阿拉伯树胶、琼脂、琼脂糖、麦芽糊精、藻酸或其盐,例如藻酸钠或藻酸钙,脂肪和脂肪酸、鲸蜡醇、胶原、壳聚糖、卵磷脂、明胶、白蛋白、虫胶、多糖,如淀粉或葡聚糖,多肽、蛋白水解物、蔗糖和蜡。半合成壳材料尤其是化学改性的纤维素,特别是纤维素酯和纤维素醚,例如乙酸纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素,以及淀粉衍生物,特别是淀粉醚和淀粉酯。合成壳材料是例如聚合物,如聚丙烯酸酯、聚酰胺、聚乙烯醇或聚脲。
根据壳材料的类型和制造方法,在每种情况下形成具有不同性质,如直径、粒度分布和物理和/或化学性质的微胶囊。
通过两种二异氰酸酯和多胺的反应获得的聚脲核-壳微胶囊是本领域中公知的,例如从WO 2011/161229或EP-A1-2399667中获知。根据WO 2011/161229,在聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为保护胶体存在下制备聚脲微胶囊。
WO 2012/107323公开了具有包含多异氰酸酯与胍唑和氨基酸在阴离子稳定剂或表面活性剂,如阴离子型聚乙烯醇,如Kuraray出售的Kuraray Poval 6-77KL存在下的反应产物的聚脲壳的聚脲微胶囊。
EP-B-0 537 467描述了由含有聚氧乙烯基团的异氰酸酯在稳定剂,如部分皂化的聚乙酸乙烯酯或聚乙烯醇存在下制成的微胶囊。
根据WO 2007/096592,可以在乳化到连续水相中的油相中发生微胶囊化,通常通过表面活性剂体系如聚乙烯醇稳定化,包括其羧化和磺化。
为了提供具有定制性质的微胶囊,需要开发新型制造方法。制造成包封水不溶性成分如油的微胶囊尤其需要优化的、增强的稳定性以防止油从该胶囊渗出到外相中,特别是在基于表面活性剂的配制剂中。此外,该微胶囊的水分散体需要长时间稳定以抗分离。
根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种制造含有壳和液体水不溶性材料核的微胶囊的方法,其中
(a)由水和保护胶体制备预混物(I);
(b)由水不溶性液体组分和至少双官能异氰酸酯(A)或含有(A)的两种或更多种不同异氰酸酯的混合物制备另一预混物(II)
(c)将两种预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液和
(d)然后将至少双官能胺倒入来自步骤(c)的乳状液中和
(e)然后将所述乳状液加热到至少50℃直至形成微胶囊,
其特征在于所述保护胶体是具有85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物。
根据本发明,可以有针对性地制造具有确定粒度和/或粒度分布的微胶囊。此外,可以制造具有5至30微米直径的相对较小的微胶囊。有利地,获得具有更大增强的渗漏稳定性以防止在基于表面活性剂的配制剂中渗漏的胶囊,其长时间表现出更好的抗分离性质。
根据本发明,双官能异氰酸酯(A)和异氰酸酯(B)的混合物可以在一个步骤中加入或可以彼此分开加入。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,将双官能异氰酸酯(A)独自或与另一异氰酸酯(B)混合溶解在稍后构成该微胶囊的核的水不溶性液体(也称作“水不溶性材料”)中;将预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液,然后加入胺组分并加热该混合物直至形成胶囊。
根据本发明的第二实施方案,将双官能异氰酸酯(A)独自溶解在稍后构成该微胶囊的核的水不溶性液体中;将预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液,然后加入另一异氰酸酯(B),再加入胺组分并加热该混合物直至形成胶囊。
异氰酸酯与胺组分的反应温度必须为至少50℃,更好地60℃,优选75至90℃,特别是85至90℃,以确保足够快的反应进程。
在此,可优选分阶段提高温度(例如在每种情况下提高10℃)直至在反应完成后,将该分散体冷却到室温(21℃)。
反应时间通常取决于批量和所用温度。通常,在上文规定的温度下在大约60分钟至6小时或最多8小时之间实现微胶囊形成。
根据本教导,胺的添加也优选在能量输入(例如通过使用搅拌装置)下进行。
为了在本方法中形成乳状液,通常通过本领域技术人员已知的方法乳化各自的混合物,例如通过经由使用合适的搅拌器搅拌而将能量引入该混合物直至该混合物乳化。优选使用碱水溶液调节pH,优选使用氢氧化钠溶液(例如5重量%浓度)。可以有利地从3至12,优选在4至10之间,特别是在5至10的范围内调节预混物(I)的pH。
微胶囊
在本教导内,该微胶囊具有通过至少双官能异氰酸酯与胺,优选与多胺之间的加聚(这产生聚脲衍生物)制成的壳。
该微胶囊以水分散体的形式存在,其中这些分散体在该微胶囊中的重量分数有利地为5至50重量%,特别是15至40重量%,优选20至40重量%。该微胶囊具有1至500微米,优选3至50微米或5至30微米的平均直径。
可以借助静态激光衍射进行规定的粒度测定。α50和90值可以基于粒子的体积分布。
该微胶囊含有液体水不溶性材料,例如油。这种油的分数可以在微胶囊重量的10至95重量%的范围内不等,其中70至90重量%的分数可能有利。该方法产生具有20:1至1:10,优选5:1至2:1,特别是4:1至3:1的优选典型核/壳比(w/w)的微胶囊。
通过本方法制成的微胶囊优选不含甲醛。
保护胶体
在微胶囊形成过程中使用保护胶体如聚乙烯醇是现有技术状况。
聚乙烯醇(=PVA)通常对应于下式
具有少量(最多2%)的下式结构
为了获得本发明的益处,必须使用特殊的聚乙烯醇保护胶体。发现在使用具有85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物时所得微胶囊具有优异的性质。
根据本发明,术语“聚乙烯醇共聚物”是指乙烯醇/乙酸乙烯酯与共聚单体的聚合物。聚乙烯醇共聚物在本申请中也被称作“聚乙烯醇的共聚物”。
已知通过聚乙酸乙烯酯的水解(脱乙酰)制造聚乙烯醇,由此将聚乙酸乙烯酯的酯基团水解成羟基,由此形成聚乙烯醇。
水解度是多少基团被转化成羟基的标准。与给定水解度相关的术语“聚乙烯醇”因此实际上是指含有酯和羟基的乙烯基聚合物。
根据本发明,使用具有85至99.9%,尤其是85至95%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物。
根据DIN 53401测定聚乙烯醇的水解度。
根据本发明的聚乙烯醇聚合物含有附加共聚单体,即其它共聚单体在第一步骤中与乙烯酯一起聚合(=共聚),接着在第二步骤中水解酯基团以形成聚乙烯醇的共聚物。
通过乙酸乙烯酯和共聚单体之间的自由基聚合反应制备聚乙烯醇的共聚物是现有技术状况。
根据本发明,通过与作为共聚单体的可共聚的烯属不饱和烃共聚获得的聚乙烯醇共聚物是优选的。这些不饱和烃任选用不带电和/或带电官能团改性。
特别地,下列共聚单体之一是合适的:
-具有2或3个碳原子并且无官能团的不饱和烃,例如乙烯
-具有2至6个碳原子和不带电官能团如羟基的不饱和烃,例如2,3-丁烯-1,4二醇
-具有阴离子基团,如羧基和/或磺酸基的不饱和烃
-具有阳离子基团,如季铵盐基团的不饱和烃。
根据本发明优选使用具有85至99.9,优选85%至95%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物,其含有
-0.1至30摩尔%具有阴离子基团的共聚单体或
-0.1至30摩尔%具有阳离子基团,如季铵盐基团的共聚单体或
-0.1至30摩尔%含有具有2至6个碳原子和不带电官能团,尤其是两个羟基的不饱和烃的共聚单体,
其中摩尔%基于聚合混合物乙酸乙烯酯/共聚单体。
聚乙烯醇和具有1,2二醇结构的共聚单体的合适的共聚物描述在EP 2426172和EP2648211中,其公开内容经此引用并入本文。
具有阴离子基团的共聚单体的实例包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、富马酸、马来酸、马来酸酐、2-丙烯酰氨基-2-甲基丙磺酸或其它具有羧酸基、磷酸基或磺酸基的烯属不饱和共聚单体。
可以在共聚条件的过程中或此后通过水解,例如所得聚乙烯醇共聚物的碱性或酸性水解形成阴离子基团。
下列保护胶体特别适合根据本发明制造微胶囊:
-水解度>80%-优选85.0%-99.5%和粘度为2mPa*s–70mPa*s(DP 100-6000)的阴离子聚乙烯醇共聚物。此类胶体的实例是:来自Kuraray的K-Polymer KL-318(粘度20-30mPa*s、水解85.0-90.0%)、来自Nippon Gohsei的Gohsenal T-350(粘度27-33mPa*s、水解93.0-95.0%)、来自Nippon Gohsei的Gohseran L-3266(粘度2.3-2.7mPa*s、水解86.5-89.0%)。
-水解度>80%-优选85.0%-99.5%和粘度为2mPa*s–70mPa*s(DP 100-6000)的不带电聚乙烯醇共聚物。
-此类胶体的实例是:来自Nippon Gohsei的G-polymer OKS-8041(粘度2.8-3.3mPa*s、水解88.0-90.0%)、来自Nippon Gohsei的G-polymer AZF-8035(粘度2.8-3.3mPa*s、水解98.5-99.5%)
-水解度>80%-优选85.0%-99.5%和粘度为2mPa*s–70mPa*s(DP 100-6000)的阳离子聚乙烯醇共聚物。
-此类胶体的实例是来自Nippon Gohsei的Gohsefimer K-210(粘度18.0-22.0mPa*s、水解85.5-88.0%)。
优选的是具有85至99.9,优选85%至95%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物,其含有
-0.1至30摩尔%具有阴离子基团的共聚单体或
-0.1至30摩尔%含有具有2至6个碳原子和两个羟基的不饱和烃的共聚单体,
其中摩尔%基于聚合混合物乙酸乙烯酯/共聚单体。
特别优选的是具有85至99.9,优选85%至95%的上述水解度并含有0.1至15,尤其是0.1至10摩尔%具有阴离子基团的共聚单体或0.1至15摩尔%含有具有2至6个碳原子和两个羟基的不饱和烃的共聚单体的聚乙烯醇共聚物。
当使用含有0.1-30摩尔%,尤其是0.1至15,特别是0.1至10摩尔%具有磺酸和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体的具有上述水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物时,可以获得胶囊渗漏和稳定性方面的优异结果。
该保护胶体可以是,但不是必须是,该微胶囊壳的成分。
一般而言,该保护胶体以基于胶囊重量为0.1至最多20重量%,但优选1至10重量%,特别是1.5至5重量%的量使用。
两种或更多种不同保护胶体的组合也有益。
异氰酸酯
异氰酸酯是在游离状态下与氰酸互变异构的异氰酸(HNCO)的N-取代有机衍生物(R-N=C=O)。有机异氰酸酯是其中异氰酸酯基团(-N=C=O)键合到有机基团上的化合物。多官能异氰酸酯是在分子中具有两个或更多个异氰酸酯基团的那些化合物。
根据本发明,使用至少双官能,优选多官能的异氰酸酯作为(A),即所有芳族、脂环族和脂族异氰酸酯都合适,只要它们具有至少两个反应性异氰酸酯基团。
合适的多官能异氰酸酯(A)优选含有平均2至最多4个NCO基团。优选使用二异氰酸酯,即具有通用结构O=C=N-R-N=C=O的异氰酸的酯,其中R’在此是脂族、脂环族或芳族基团。
合适的异氰酸酯(A)是例如1,5-萘二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MOI)、氢化MDI(H12MDI)、苯二甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)、四甲基二甲苯二异氰酸酯(TMXDI)、4,4’-二苯基二甲基甲烷二异氰酸酯、二-和四烷基-二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二苄基二异氰酸酯、1,3-苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-苯二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体(任选在混合物中)、1-甲基-2,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、1,6-二异氰酸酯基-2,2,4-三甲基己烷、1,6-二异氰酸酯基-2,4,4-三甲基己烷、1-异氰酸酯基甲基-3-异氰酸酯基-1,5,5-三甲基环己烷、氯化和溴化二异氰酸酯、含磷二异氰酸酯、4,4’-二异氰酸酯基苯基全氟乙烷、四甲氧基丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、丁烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、环己烷1,4-二异氰酸酯、亚乙基二异氰酸酯(ethylene diisocyanate)、邻苯二甲酸双异氰酸酯基乙基酯,以及具有反应性卤素原子的多异氰酸酯,如1-氯甲基苯基2,4-二异氰酸酯、1-溴甲基苯基2,6-二异氰酸酯、3,3-双氯甲基醚4,4’-二苯基二异氰酸酯。例如通过使2摩尔己二异氰酸酯与1摩尔硫二甘醇或二羟基二己硫醚反应获得含硫多异氰酸酯。另一些合适的二异氰酸酯是三甲基己二异氰酸酯、1,4-丁烷二异氰酸酯、1,2-十二烷二异氰酸酯和二聚脂肪酸二异氰酸酯。
合适的(A)型异氰酸酯是至少双官能化合物(即含有至少两个异氰酸酯基团-N=C=O的化合物)。
典型代表可以是己二异氰酸酯(HDI)或其衍生物,例如HDI缩二脲(可例如作为Desmodur N3200购得)、HDI三聚物(可作为Desmodur N3300购得)或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(可作为Desmodur W购得)。甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯或二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯同样合适。
根据本发明优选的是选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物,特别是其三聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯的(A)型异氰酸酯。
异氰酸酯(A)优选是脂环族或脂族异氰酸酯,其中甚至更优选脂环族异氰酸酯。
本方法的一个基本特征是使用两种结构上不同的异氰酸酯(A)和(B)。
第二种(B)型异氰酸酯在结构上不同于(A)型异氰酸酯,具体而言,(B)型异氰酸酯可以是阴离子改性的异氰酸酯或含聚氧乙烯的异氰酸酯(或这两种异氰酸酯类型的任何所需混合物)。
阴离子改性的异氰酸酯是本身已知的。优选地,这些(B)型异氰酸酯在分子中含有至少两个异氰酸酯基团。优选存在一个或多个磺酸基团作为阴离子基团。优选选择己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)的低聚物,特别是三聚物作为(B)型异氰酸酯。这些阴离子改性的异氰酸酯的商品是已知的,例如以商标Bayhydur(Bayer),例如Bayhydur XP。
含聚氧乙烯的异氰酸酯(具有至少两个异氰酸酯基团)也是已知的并例如描述在US 5,342,556中。这些异氰酸酯的一些在水中自乳化,这可在本方法中有利,因为可以省略单独的乳化步骤。
优选在10:1至1:10的范围内,更优选在5:1至1:5的范围内,特别在3:1至1:1的范围内调节这两种异氰酸酯(A)和(B)的重量比。
也可以使用不同的(A)和(B)型异氰酸酯的混合物。除异氰酸酯(A)和(B)外,在本发明的方法中也可以另外使用其它异氰酸酯。
但是,优选在本方法中使用异氰酸酯(A)和阴离子改性的异氰酸酯(B)的混合物,其中阴离子改性的二异氰酸酯(B)选自含有至少一个磺酸基团,优选氨基磺酸基团的类型。
通常优选使用基于该方法中所用的化合物的总重量为0.5-12重量%的异氰酸酯(A)和(B)的总和。
胺
使用至少双官能胺,但优选聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)作为本发明的方法中的另一组分。聚乙烯亚胺通常是在其主链中存在在每种情况下被两个亚甲基彼此隔开的NH基团的聚合物:
在本发明的方法中,优选使用具有至少500g/mol,优选600至30 000或650至25000g/mol,特别是700至5000g/mol或850至2500g/mol的分子量的聚乙烯亚胺。通常优选使用基于该方法中所用的化合物的总重量为0.3-10重量%,特别是0.5-5重量%的聚乙烯亚胺。
尽管该方法适用于如上文提到的所有水不溶性液体材料,但根据本发明,该微胶囊“无香精”,即所要求保护的微胶囊不含任何香料或香精作为水不溶性液体材料。本申请的另一目标是包含水不溶性液体的液体核和至少双官能异氰酸酯(A)或含有(A)的两种或更多种不同异氰酸酯的混合物和至少双官能胺在具有高于85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物作为保护胶体存在下的反应产物壳的直径1至30微米的无香精微胶囊。
水不溶性液体材料
使用上述方法制成的微胶囊在内部含有优选在21℃下不溶于水并且为液体的材料(即在21℃下,最多10克该材料可溶解在1升水中)。这包括所有类型的疏水的水不溶性液体和它们的任何共混物。不包括任何香料或香精作为这样的材料。
该水不溶性液体材料在下文中也被称作“油”。这些油必须能够,优选无辅助剂地,溶解异氰酸酯以能在本方法中使用它们。如果油不能确保异氰酸酯的足够可溶性,可以选择使用合适的溶解促进剂克服这一缺点。
除上述油外,该微胶囊还可具有溶解、分散或乳化在该微胶囊中的油中的其它任选液体或固体成分。
术语“油”在本发明中包括所有种类的油体或油组分,特别是植物油,例如菜籽油、葵花油、大豆油、橄榄油等,改性植物油,例如烷氧基化葵花油或大豆油,合成甘油(三)酯,例如C6-C22脂肪酸的甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯的工业混合物,脂肪酸烷基酯,例如植物油的甲基或乙基酯(ME 18 RD-F、ME 18 SD-F、ME12C-F、ME1270,均为Cognis GmbH,Germany的产品),基于所述C6-C22脂肪酸的脂肪酸烷基酯、矿物油和它们的混合物。在一种形式中,该油优选包含矿物油。
例示合适的疏水载体的性质的实例是(但本发明不限于这些实例):基于具有6至18个,优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet醇,直链C6-C22脂肪酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯或支链C6-C13羧酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯,例如肉豆蔻酸十四烷醇酯、棕榈酸十四烷醇酯、硬脂酸十四烷醇酯、异硬脂酸十四烷醇酯、油酸十四烷醇酯、山嵛酸十四烷醇酯、芥酸十四烷醇酯、鲸蜡醇肉豆蔻酸酯、鲸蜡醇棕榈酸酯、鲸蜡醇硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡醇异硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡醇油酸酯、鲸蜡醇山嵛酸酯、鲸蜡醇芥酸酯、肉豆蔻酸十八烷醇酯、棕榈酸十八烷醇酯、硬脂酸十八醇酯、异硬脂酸十八烷醇酯、油酸十八烷醇酯、山嵛酸十八烷醇酯、芥酸十八烷醇酯、异硬脂醇肉豆蔻酸酯、异硬脂醇棕榈酸酯、异硬脂醇硬脂酸酯、异硬脂醇异硬脂酸酯、异硬脂醇油酸酯、异硬脂醇山嵛酸酯、异硬脂醇油酸酯、肉豆蔻酸油醇酯、棕榈酸油醇酯、硬脂酸油醇酯、异硬脂酸油醇酯、油酸油醇酯、山嵛酸油醇酯、芥酸油醇酯、肉豆蔻酸二十二烷醇酯、棕榈酸二十二烷醇酯、硬脂酸二十二烷醇酯、异硬脂酸二十二烷醇酯、油酸二十二烷醇酯、山嵛酸二十二烷醇酯、芥酸二十二烷醇酯、瓢儿菜醇肉豆蔻酸酯、瓢儿菜醇棕榈酸酯、瓢儿菜醇硬脂酸酯、瓢儿菜醇异硬脂酸酯、瓢儿菜醇油酸酯、瓢儿菜醇山嵛酸酯和瓢儿菜醇芥酸酯。同样合适的是直链C6-C22脂肪酸与支链醇,特别是2-乙基己醇的酯、C18-C38烷基羟基羧酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯,特别是苹果酸二辛酯、直链和/或支链脂肪酸与多元醇(例如丙二醇、二聚二醇或三聚三醇)和/或Guerbet醇的酯,基于C6-C10脂肪酸的甘油三酯、基于C6-C18脂肪酸的液体甘油单-/二-/三酯混合物、C6-C22脂肪醇和/或Guerbet醇与芳族羧酸,特别是苯甲酸的酯、C2-C12二羧酸与具有1至22个碳原子的直链或支链醇或具有2至10个碳原子和2至6个羟基的多元醇的酯、植物油、支链伯醇、取代环己烷、直链和支链C6-C22脂肪醇碳酸酯,例如碳酸二辛酯基于具有6至18,优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet碳酸酯、苯甲酸与直链和/或支链C6-C22醇的酯、每烷基具有6至22个碳原子的直链或支链、对称或不对称的二烷基醚,例如二辛基醚、环氧化脂肪酸酯与多元醇的开环产物、硅酮油(环甲硅油、聚硅氧烷聚甲基硅氧烷等级等)、脂族或环烷烃,例如角鲨烷、角鲨烯或二烷基环己烷,和/或矿物油。在一种形式中,该油优选包含脂族或环烷烃和/或矿物油。
在本发明内,优选的油是基于具有6至18,优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet醇、直链C6-C22脂肪酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯或支链C6-C13羧酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯,例如肉豆蔻酸十四烷醇酯、棕榈酸十四烷醇酯、硬脂酸十四烷醇酯、异硬脂酸十四烷醇酯、油酸十四烷醇酯、山嵛酸十四烷醇酯、芥酸十四烷醇酯、鲸蜡醇肉豆蔻酸酯、鲸蜡醇棕榈酸酯、鲸蜡醇硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡醇异硬脂酸酯、鲸蜡醇油酸酯、鲸蜡醇山嵛酸酯、鲸蜡醇芥酸酯、肉豆蔻酸十八烷醇酯、棕榈酸十八烷醇酯、硬脂酸十八醇酯、异硬脂酸十八烷醇酯、油酸十八烷醇酯、山嵛酸十八烷醇酯、芥酸十八烷醇酯、异硬脂醇肉豆蔻酸酯、异硬脂醇棕榈酸酯、异硬脂醇硬脂酸酯、异硬脂醇异硬脂酸酯、异硬脂醇油酸酯、异硬脂醇山嵛酸酯、异硬脂醇油酸酯、肉豆蔻酸油醇酯、棕榈酸油醇酯、硬脂酸油醇酯、异硬脂酸油醇酯、油酸油醇酯、山嵛酸油醇酯、芥酸油醇酯、肉豆蔻酸二十二烷醇酯、棕榈酸二十二烷醇酯、硬脂酸二十二烷醇酯、异硬脂酸二十二烷醇酯、油酸二十二烷醇酯、山嵛酸二十二烷醇酯、芥酸二十二烷醇酯、瓢儿菜醇肉豆蔻酸酯、瓢儿菜醇棕榈酸酯、瓢儿菜醇硬脂酸酯、瓢儿菜醇异硬脂酸酯、瓢儿菜醇油酸酯、瓢儿菜醇山嵛酸酯和瓢儿菜醇芥酸酯。
还优选的油是直链C6-C22脂肪酸与支链醇,特别是2-乙基己醇的酯、C18-C38-烷基羟基羧酸与直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇、直链或支链C6-C22脂肪醇的酯,特别是苹果酸二辛酯、直链和/或支链脂肪酸与多元醇(例如丙二醇、二聚二醇或三聚三醇)和/或Guerbet醇的酯,基于C6-C10脂肪酸的甘油三酯、基于C6-C18脂肪酸的液体甘油单-/二-/三酯混合物、C6-C22脂肪醇和/或Guerbet醇与芳族羧酸,特别是苯甲酸的酯、C2-C12-二羧酸与具有1至22个碳原子的直链或支链醇或具有2至10个碳原子和2至6个羟基的多元醇的酯、植物油、支链伯醇、取代环己烷、直链和支链C6-C22脂肪醇碳酸酯,例如碳酸二辛酯基于具有6至18,优选8至10个碳原子的脂肪醇的Guerbet碳酸酯、苯甲酸与直链和/或支链C6-C22醇的酯(例如FinsolvTM TN)、每烷基具有6至22个碳原子的直链或支链、对称或不对称的二烷基醚,例如二辛基醚(CetiolTM OE)、环氧化脂肪酸酯与多元醇的开环产物、硅酮油(环甲硅油、硅聚甲基硅氧烷等级等)、和/或脂族或环烷烃,例如角鲨烷、角鲨烯或二烷基环己烷。
其它合适的油或油成分可以是紫外线过滤剂物质。典型的油溶性UV-B过滤剂或广谱UV A/B过滤剂是例如3-亚苄基樟脑或3-亚苄基降樟脑及其衍生物,例如3-(4-甲基亚苄基)-樟脑、3-(4’-三甲基铵)亚苄基莰-2-酮甲基硫酸盐3,3’-(1,4-亚苯基二次甲基)双(7,7-二甲基-2-氧代-双环[2.2.1]庚烷-1-甲磺酸)和盐3-(4’-磺基)亚苄基莰-2-酮和盐N-{(2和4)-[2-氧亚冰片-3-基]甲基}苄基}丙烯酰胺的聚合物2-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-甲基-6-(2-甲基-3-(1,3,3,3-四甲基-1-(三甲基甲硅烷氧基)二硅氧烷基)丙基)酚4-氨基苯甲酸衍生物,优选4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸2-乙基己酯、4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸2-辛酯和4-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸戊酯;肉桂酸酯,优选4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸丙酯、4-甲氧基肉桂酸异戊酯、2-氰基-3,3-苯基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯(奥克立林);水杨酸酯,优选水杨酸2-乙基己酯、水杨酸4-异丙基苄酯、水杨酸三甲环己酯;二苯甲酮衍生物,优选2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基-4’-甲基二苯甲酮、2,2’-二羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮;亚苄丙二酸酯,优选4-甲氧基亚苄丙二酸二-2-乙基己酯;三嗪衍生物,例如2,4,6-三苯胺基(对-羰-2’-乙基-1’-己氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪和2,4,6-三[对-(2-乙基己氧基羰基)苯胺基]-1,3,5-三嗪或4,4’-[(6-[4-((1,1-二甲基乙基)氨基羰基)苯基氨基]-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4-二基)二亚氨基]双苯甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯2,2-(亚甲基双(6-(2H-苯并三唑-2-基)-4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)酚)2,4-双[4-(2-乙基己氧基)-2-羟基苯基]-6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪丙-1,3-二酮,例如1-(4-叔丁基苯基)-3-(4’-甲氧基苯基)丙-1,3-二酮;酮基三环(5.2.1.0)癸烷衍生物、亚苄基丙二酸二甲硅氧烷(dimethico)二乙酯
此外,可以使用液体直链和/或支链和/或饱和或不饱和烃或它们的任何所需混合物作为本发明中的油。这些可以是例如具有4至22,优选6至18个碳原子的链烷或它们的任何所需混合物。同样合适的是具有4至22个碳原子的不饱和烃,或相同碳数的不饱和烃和这些烃的任何所需混合物。环状烃和芳烃,例如甲苯及其混合物也是本发明中的油。在另一形式中,该油包含芳烃。硅酮油也合适。所有指定的核材料的任何所需混合物也合适。
在该微胶囊中也可以使用和存在其它液体,优选水不溶性材料,如增稠剂、聚硅氧烷消泡剂、油溶性缓蚀剂和类似添加剂,如极压添加剂、黄色金属减活剂等、染料或油溶性药剂、软化剂、吸味化合物、化妆品油相、成膜添加剂、珠光剂、维生素、染料。在该微胶囊中也可存在这些附加材料的任何所需混合物。在此类材料不是油溶性的情况下,可以使用添加剂将其分散或乳化。另外,许多活性剂,例如抗微生物剂或染料通常仅作为与油性溶剂的掺合物供应。这些组合物也可用于本发明。最优选在本发明的微胶囊中使用软化剂、染料和紫外线过滤剂。
软化剂
该微胶囊还可含有软化剂。软化剂是软化、舒缓、补给、涂覆、润滑、湿润或清洁皮肤的材料。软化剂通常实现这些目标的几个,如舒缓、湿润和润滑皮肤。合适的软化剂主要选自如上所述的油。可用于本发明的软化剂可以是石油基、脂肪酸酯型、烷基乙氧基化物型、脂肪酸酯乙氧基化物、脂肪醇型、聚硅氧烷型或这些软化剂的混合物。
染料
该微胶囊还可含有染料,优选适合并被批准用于化妆品用途的任何染料。实例包括胭脂虫红A(C.I.16255)、专利蓝V(C.I.42051)、靛蓝(C.I.73015)、叶绿酸(C.I.75810)、喹啉黄(C.I.47005)、二氧化钛(C.I.77891)、阴丹士林蓝RS(C.I.69800)和茜草色淀(C.I.58000)。这些染料通常以基于整个混合物为0.001至0.1重量%的浓度使用。
除上述化合物外,本发明的微胶囊还可含有任何所需的油掺合物,以及乳化形式的油和水的掺合物。任何种类的乳状液(油包水或水包油,或多重乳状液)都可行。
对于此用途,需要乳化剂:本发明的微胶囊可能还含有一种或多种乳化剂。合适的乳化剂是例如选自下列中的至少一种的非离子表面活性剂:2至30摩尔环氧乙烷和/或0至5摩尔环氧丙烷加成到直链C6-22脂肪醇上、加成到C12-22脂肪酸上、加成到在烷基中含有8至15个碳原子的烷基酚上和加成到在烷基中含有8至22个碳原子的烷基胺上的产物;在烷基中含有8至22个碳原子的烷基寡糖苷及其乙氧基化类似物;1至15摩尔环氧乙烷加成到蓖麻油和/或氢化蓖麻油上的产物;15至60摩尔环氧乙烷加成到蓖麻油和/或氢化蓖麻油上的产物;甘油和/或山梨糖醇酐与含有12至22个碳原子的不饱和、直链或饱和、支链脂肪酸和/或含有3至18个碳原子的羟基羧酸的偏酯及其加成到1至30摩尔环氧乙烷上的产物;聚甘油(平均自缩合度2至8)、聚乙二醇(分子量400至5,000)、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、糖醇(例如山梨糖醇)、烷基葡糖苷(例如甲基葡糖苷、丁基葡糖苷、月桂基葡糖苷)和聚葡糖苷(例如纤维素)与含有12至22个碳原子的饱和和/或不饱和、直链或支链脂肪酸和/或含有3至18个碳原子的羟基羧酸的偏酯及其加成到1至30摩尔环氧乙烷上的产物;季戊四醇、脂肪酸、柠檬酸和脂肪醇的混合酯和/或含有6至22个碳原子的脂肪酸、甲基葡萄糖和多元醇,优选甘油或聚甘油的混合酯、单-、二-和三烷基磷酸酯和单-、二-和/或三-PEG-烷基磷酸酯及其盐、羊毛蜡醇、聚硅氧烷/聚烷基/聚醚共聚物和相应的衍生物、嵌段共聚物,例如聚乙二醇-30二聚羟基硬脂酸酯;聚合物乳化剂,例如Goodrich的Pemulen类型(TR-1、TR-2);聚烷撑二醇和甘油碳酸酯和环氧乙烷加成产物。
成分同样有可能从微胶囊的核(即存在于核中的油和/或其它材料)迁移到壳中。
本发明还提供包含基于该分散体总重量为5至50重量%,优选15至40重量%的可通过上述方法制成的微胶囊的水分散体。进一步优选的范围是20至35重量%。这些水分散体优选直接由上述方法获得。
取决于油的类型,通过本方法获得的微胶囊分散体可用于大量不同的用途。优选使用该微胶囊整理所有种类的非织造物,如擦拭巾(例如用于化妆品或清洁用途的湿擦拭巾或干擦拭巾),以及整理纸(包括壁纸、卫生纸或书籍和简报用纸)、整理尿布或卫生棉和类似的卫生产品或织物,例如以用染料或杀虫剂整理纸或织物,或用于化妆品组合物,例如用于制造包含微胶囊形式的紫外线过滤剂的防晒组合物。另一用途涉及整理尿布或卫生棉和类似的卫生产品。此外,该微胶囊可用于按摩油或乳霜或人体润滑剂,和栓剂,例如为这种产品提供抗炎活性剂。
含有液体水不溶性材料核和壳的直径1至30微米的无香精微胶囊,其如下制备
(a)由水和保护胶体制备预混物(I);
(b)由水不溶性液体组分和至少双官能异氰酸酯(A)或含有(A)的两种或更多种不同异氰酸酯的混合物制备另一预混物(II)
(c)将两种预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液和
(d)然后将至少双官能胺倒入来自步骤(c)的乳状液中和
(e)然后将所述乳状液加热到至少50℃直至形成微胶囊,
其特征在于所述保护胶体是具有85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物。
这些微胶囊优选具有1至30微米的直径,优选5至20微米的直径。它们可以以水分散体的形式存在,其中微胶囊的分数可以为1至90重量%,但优选5至50重量%。
本发明还涉及无香精微胶囊用于整理织物、纸或非织造物的用途。
本发明至少涉及无香精微胶囊在化妆品、药物、洗衣和清洁组合物中的用途。
本发明具有各种优点:本发明提高微胶囊的稳定性,尤其是渗漏,和它们的分散体的稳定性。
实施例
在本发明的方法中使用具有高于80%的水解度的PVA作为保护胶体制造五种微胶囊分散体。为了比较,使用不同的保护胶体或具有不同水解度的PVA制备四种微胶囊分散体。
在每种情况下,测定胶囊的渗漏评估和在一些情况下,胶囊分散体稳定性、粘度或粒度。
粒度测定
借助静态激光衍射进行实施例中规定的粒度测定。指定的d 50和d 90值基于粒子的体积分布。
渗漏评估
对于渗漏评估,将已知量的胶囊分散体在5重量%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液(SDS)中在50℃温度下储存3天。在此时间后,该浆料用环己烷萃取3次。接着,蒸发溶剂并重量分析残留物。
胶囊分散体稳定性贮存寿命评估
将胶囊分散体在室温(20℃)下在玻璃刻度量杯中储存3个月。在此时间后,定量测量分散体的分离。
粘度
PVA的粘度值是通过布鲁克菲尔德粘度计在20℃下测定的4重量%水溶液的值。
I.对比例
对比例1(具有PVP保护胶体–非根据本发明)
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克PVP具有大约90的K值的聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮;BASF)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有34%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d50=10μm和d 90=21μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):>40%
对比例2(具有PVA保护胶体–非根据本发明)
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克PVA(8-88,Kuraray)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)和100克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d50=9μm和d 90=16μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):15%
对比例3(具有PVA保护胶体–非根据本发明)
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克PVA(8-88,Kuraray)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d50=9μm和d 90=17μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):10%
对比例4(使用WO 2012/107323 A1专利中提到的阴离子PVA保护胶体Kuraray
Poval 6-77KL)
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克阴离子PVA(水解度74%-80%和粘度5.2-6.2mPa*s,羧基含量3摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=10μm和d 90=17μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):10%
根据本发明的实施例:
II.实施例5.
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克PVA-乙烯共聚物(水解度97.5-99.0%和粘度23.0-30.0mPa*s和乙烷含量2摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)和100克W(二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=12μm和d 90=20μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):30%
实施例6.
由50克阳离子改性的PVA(水解度85.5%-88.0%和粘度18.0-22.0mPa*s和铵基团含量2摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有32%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=9μm和d 90=14μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):5%
实施例7.
如下制备微胶囊:
由50克羧基改性的阴离子PVA(水解度85%-90%、粘度20.0-30.0mPa*s和羧基含量3摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=10μm和d 90=17μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):10%
实施例8.
由50克磺酸基改性的阴离子PVA(水解度86.5%-89.5%和粘度2.3-2.7mPa*s和磺酰基含量3摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有32%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=12μm和d 90=21μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):12%
实施例9.
由50克丁二醇/乙烯醇共聚物(水解度87%-90%和粘度12.5-15.0mPa*s,和丁二醇含量2摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)并使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)调节到pH 10.0。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有31%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=5μm和d 90=11μm。
从胶囊中渗漏出的318:46%
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):3%
实施例10.
由50克羧基改性的PVA(水解度93%-95%和粘度27.0-33.0mPa*s和羧基含量4摩尔%)和1169克水制备预混物(I)。由500克318(来自BASF的辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯)、58克W(来自Bayer的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯)和39克XP 2547(来自Bayer的阴离子HDI低聚物)制备预混物II。合并这两种预混物并借助MIG搅拌器在室温下在700rpm速度下乳化30分钟。然后使用氢氧化钠水溶液(5重量%浓度)将该乳状液的pH调节到8.5。然后,在室温下和在以700rpm搅拌下,经1分钟的过程加入37克PR8515(来自BASF的聚乙烯亚胺)在147克水中的溶液。然后对反应混合物施以下列温度程序:在60分钟内加热到60℃、保持这一温度60分钟、然后在70℃下60分钟、在80℃下60分钟和最后在85℃下60分钟。然后将该混合物冷却到室温,以产生具有33%的非挥发组分分数和根据下列值的粒度分布的所需微胶囊分散体:d 50=9μm和d 90=15μm。
3个月后的胶囊分散体分离(贮存寿命稳定性):3%
使用定量13C和1H NMR测定聚合物内的共聚单体量。在含硫或含氮聚合物的情况下,另外进行元素(C,H,N,S)分析。
Claims (31)
1.制造含有壳和液体水不溶性材料核的微胶囊的方法,其中
(a)由水和保护胶体制备预混物(I);
(b)由水不溶性液体组分和含有至少双官能异氰酸酯(A)和阴离子改性的异氰酸酯(B)的两种或更多种不同异氰酸酯的混合物制备另一预混物(II),其中所述阴离子改性的二异氰酸酯(B)选自在分子中含有至少一个磺酸基团的类型,
(c)将两种预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液,和
(d)然后将至少双官能胺倒入来自步骤(c)的乳状液中,和
(e)然后将所述乳状液加热到至少50℃直至形成微胶囊,
其特征在于所述保护胶体是具有85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物且所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1-30摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
2.如权利要求1中所述的方法,其中所述聚乙烯醇共聚物具有85至95%的水解度。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1至15摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1至15摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1至10摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1至10摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
8.如权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
9.如权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
10.如权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
11.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
12.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)选自己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯、己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯缩二脲或己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的低聚物或二环己烷亚甲基二异氰酸酯。
13.如权利要求7-12中任一项所述的方法,其中所述异氰酸酯(A)为己烷1,6-二异氰酸酯的三聚物。
14.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中异氰酸酯(A)和(B)之间的重量比为10:1至1:10。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中异氰酸酯(A)和(B)之间的重量比为10:1至1:10。
16.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中所用的所述至少双官能胺是聚乙烯亚胺。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所用的所述至少双官能胺是聚乙烯亚胺。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所用的所述至少双官能胺是聚乙烯亚胺。
19.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所用的所述至少双官能胺是聚乙烯亚胺。
20.如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
22.如权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
23.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
24.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
25.如权利要求17至19中任一项所述的方法,其中所述微胶囊的核-壳重量比为20:1至1:10。
26.一种水分散体,其包含基于所述分散体总重量为5至50重量%的根据权利要求1制成的微胶囊。
27.一种水分散体,其包含基于所述分散体总重量为15至40重量%的根据权利要求1制成的微胶囊。
28.含有液体水不溶性材料核和壳的直径为1至30微米的无香精微胶囊,其制备如下
(a)由水和保护胶体制备预混物(I);
(b)由水不溶性液体组分和含有至少双官能异氰酸酯(A)和阴离子改性的异氰酸酯(B)的两种或更多种不同异氰酸酯的混合物制备另一预混物(II),其中所述阴离子改性的二异氰酸酯(B)选自在分子中含有至少一个磺酸基团的类型,
(c)将两种预混物(I)和(II)混合在一起直至形成乳状液,和
(d)然后将至少双官能胺倒入来自步骤(c)的乳状液中,和
(e)然后将所述乳状液加热到至少50℃直至形成微胶囊,
其特征在于所述保护胶体是具有85至99.9%的水解度的聚乙烯醇共聚物且所述聚乙烯醇共聚物含有0.1-30摩尔%具有磺酸基和/或羧酸基作为阴离子基团的共聚单体。
29.水分散体形式的权利要求28的无香精微胶囊。
30.如权利要求28或29所述的无香精微胶囊在织物、纸或非织造物的整理中的用途。
31.如权利要求28或29所述的无香精微胶囊在化妆品、药物、洗衣和清洁组合物中的用途。
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CN106457194A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
CA2944701A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
EP3137207B1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
EP3137206A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
WO2015165834A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
WO2015165836A1 (en) | 2015-11-05 |
KR20170003945A (ko) | 2017-01-10 |
EP3137206B1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
EP3137207A1 (en) | 2017-03-08 |
BR112016023564A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
AR100497A1 (es) | 2016-10-12 |
US20170042143A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
US20170043312A1 (en) | 2017-02-16 |
BR112016024856A2 (pt) | 2017-08-15 |
JP2017515661A (ja) | 2017-06-15 |
JP6615121B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 |
BR112016023564A8 (pt) | 2021-03-30 |
US10195577B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 |
BR112016023564B1 (pt) | 2021-10-13 |
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