CN106421708B - 一种中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了中药组合物用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药:制半夏10‑12份、茯苓12‑15份、厚朴9‑12份、生姜6‑15的和苏叶6‑10份。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药技术领域,具体涉及一种半夏厚朴中药制剂在治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎中的用途。
背景技术
半夏,本品选用天南星科植物半夏Pinelliaternata(Thunb.)Breit.的干燥块茎。具有燥湿化痰,降逆止呕,消痞散结的功效。用于湿痰寒痰,咳喘痰多,痰饮眩悸,风痰眩晕,痰厥头痛,呕吐反胃,胸脘痞闷,梅核气;外治痈肿痰核。
半夏的根茎洗净,除去外皮及须根,晒干,为生半夏。法半夏、姜半夏和清半夏是生半夏的炮制加工品。法半夏一般用生石灰、甘草汁炮制后使用。具体的炮制方法如下:取净半夏,大小分开,用水浸泡至内无干心,取出;另取甘草适量,加水煎煮二次,合并煎液,倒入用适量水制成的石灰液中,搅匀,加入上述已浸透的半夏,浸泡,每日搅拌1~2次,并保持浸液pH值12以上,至剖面黄色均匀,口尝微有麻舌感时,取出,洗净,阴干或烘干,即得。每100kg净半夏,用甘草15kg、生石灰10kg。
清半夏的炮制方法:取净半夏,大小分开,用8%白矾溶液浸泡至内无干心,口尝微有麻舌感,取出,洗净,切厚片,干燥。每100kg半夏,用白矾20kg。本品为椭圆形、类圆形或不规则片状,切面淡灰色至灰白色,可见灰白色点状或短线状维管束迹,有的残留栓皮处下方显淡紫红色斑纹。质脆,易折断,断面略呈角质样。气微,味微涩、微有麻舌感。
姜半夏的炮制方法:取净半夏,大小分开,用水浸泡至内无干心时;另取生姜切片煎汤,加白矾与半夏共煮透,取出,晾至半干,切薄片,干燥。每100kg半夏,用生姜25kg、白矾12.5kg。本品为片状、不规则颗粒状或类球形。表面棕色至棕褐色。质硬脆,断面淡黄棕色,常具角质样光泽。气微香,味淡、微有麻舌感,嚼之略粘牙。
厚朴,本品为木兰科植物厚朴Magnolia officinalisRehd.et Wils.或凹叶厚朴Magnolia officinalisRehd.et Wils.var.bilobaRehd.et Wils.的干燥干皮、根皮及枝皮。具有燥湿消痰,下气除满的功效。用于湿滞伤中,脘痞吐泻,食积气滞,腹胀便秘,痰饮喘咳。
生姜,本品为姜科植物姜ZingiberofficinaleRosc.的新鲜根茎。具有解表散寒,温中止呕,化痰止咳,解鱼蟹毒的功效。用于风寒感冒,胃寒呕吐,寒痰咳嗽,鱼蟹中毒。
苏叶,本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perillafrutescens(L.)Britt.的干燥叶(或带嫩枝)。具有解表散寒,行气和胃的功效。用于风寒感冒,咳嗽呕恶,妊娠呕吐,鱼蟹中毒。
反流性咽喉炎又被称作咽喉反流(laryngopharyngeal reflux,LPR)是胃内容物反流至上食管括约肌(upper esophageal sphincter,UES)以上的咽喉部位造成的组织损伤,引起一系列症状和体征的总称。咽喉反流被认为是和反流相关的慢性咽喉炎,是胃食管反流性疾病(gastroesophageal reflux disease,GERD)在消化道以外的一种症状。
目前认为抗反流保护屏障的破坏是LPR发生的主要原因(反流理论),由于咽喉黏膜缺乏如食管黏膜那样的抗酸保护机制,对酸刺激敏感,因此多种反流成分可对咽喉黏膜造成直接损伤;另一方面,由于咽喉和食管存在共同的反射中枢和通路,远端食管在胃酸刺激下可通过神经反射引起支气管痉挛和黏液分泌,导致咳嗽和反复的清喉动作(反射理论)。
反流性食管炎(RE)是由胃、十二指肠内容物反流入食管引起的食管炎症性病变,内镜下表现为食管黏膜的破损,即食管糜烂和(或)食管溃疡。其主要临床表现为烧心、胸痛、反酸和吞咽困难。
目前临床上对该疾病的治疗,一般以抑酸剂(质子泵抑制剂)治疗为主,但是往往需要大剂量、长疗程,且治疗效果欠佳、且仅对部分反流性咽喉炎的患者有效;而且,国内外市场还没有明确用于治疗反流性咽喉炎的中药组合物。
鉴此,临床迫切需要疗效明确、毒副作用小、服用方便的药物,以满足市场和患者之需。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,该中药组合物选用药材配伍相宜,符合中医药及现代医学研究理论,本发明中药复方中药提取物组合物具有行气散结,降逆化痰之功效,治疗反流性咽喉炎效果好且安全无毒副作用。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药:制半夏10-12份、茯苓12-15份、厚朴9-12份、生姜6-15的和苏叶6-10份。所述制半夏为姜半夏、法半夏或清半夏。所述的中药组合物用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物含有重量百分比的下列活性物质:0.27-0.35%的总酸(以琥珀酸计)、2.5-3.5%的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚和0.073-0.13%的6-姜辣素。
优选的,一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药,其有效成分的原料组成按重量配比为:半夏12份、厚朴9份、茯苓12份、生姜9份、苏叶6份。
优选的,一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药:制半夏11份、茯苓13份、厚朴10份、生姜10份和苏叶8份。所述的中药组合物含有重量百分比的下列活性物质:0.31~0.34%的总酸(以琥珀酸计)、2.8~3.4%的厚朴酚与和厚朴酚、0.082~0.095%的6-姜辣素。
一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物的制备方法为:
取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.15(50℃)的清膏,即得。
一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物的制备方法还可以为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉;
(2)将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力为20~25MPa,调整CO2流量为10~13kg/h,萃取温度为35~60℃,萃取时间为2h~4h,循环萃取2~3次,即得。
优选的,一种半夏厚朴中药制剂用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的用途,所述的中药组合物的制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉;
(2)将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力为22MPa,调整CO2流量为10kg/h,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为4h,循环萃取2次,即得。
一种治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的方法,将本发明的中药组合物给药于有需要的患者,任选一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料一起给药。所述的辅料选自微晶纤维素、粉末状纤维素、甘露糖醇、淀粉、乳糖、明胶、甲基纤维素、糊精、预胶化淀粉、微粉硅胶、羟丙甲基纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、聚乙二醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、葡萄糖、蔗糖、甜菊素、山梨酸钾、甘氨酸、甘露醇、酒石酸、二氧化硅、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁等。
优选的,一种治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的方法,将本发明的中药组合物制成片剂、胶囊、颗粒剂、软胶囊、口服液或滴丸剂给药于有需要的患者。
其中,一种治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的方法,将本发明中药组合物制成软胶囊剂的制备方法为:
(1)取原料配方的制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉,然后将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力为20~25MPa,调整CO2流量为10~13kg/h,萃取温度为35~60℃,萃取时间为2h~4h,循环萃取2~3次,即得本发明中药组合物提取物油状液体;
(2)取纯化水通入化胶罐内,加热至50℃-60℃,加入防腐剂搅拌至全溶,加入明胶、甘油溶解后启动真空泵脱泡,加入色素,继续搅拌至均匀,检验合格后出胶,在保温桶中放置供制备软胶囊使用;
(3)另取制得的油状液体,加入1~1.5倍量的PEG400,混合均匀,得软胶囊内容物备用;
(4)将上述软胶囊内容物压制成软胶囊,即得。
一种治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的方法,将本发明中药组合物制成滴丸剂的制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(50℃)的清膏;
(2)取制得的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到50~70%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至至相对密度为1.25-1.30(50℃)的稠膏
(3)减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用;
(4)另取2~3倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入挥发油和前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
优选的,一种治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的方法,将本发明中药组合物制成滴丸剂的制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20(50℃)的清膏;
(2)取制得的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至至相对密度为1.25-1.30(50℃)的稠膏
(3)减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用;
(4)另取2倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入挥发油和前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明中药组合物标本兼治,治疗返流性咽喉炎效果明显。
(2)本发明中药组合物选用优质中药材制成,成本低廉且配伍相宜,符合中医药及现代医学研究理论,并利用现代医药制药技术制成相关剂型,安全毒副作用低。
(3)本发明中药组合物与模型对照组相比,口服灌胃能明显减轻咽炎动物模型大鼠咽后壁局部病损,对咽部粘膜充血、肿胀、溃疡、坏死均有明显的保护作用。
(4)本发明中药组合物与模型对照组相比,对胃排空、肠推进具有显著的促进作用。
(5)本发明中药组合物对于反流性咽喉炎有着很好的临床治疗效果,显效率为60.3%,总有效率为87.5%。
(6)本发明中药组合物制备工艺简单易操作,活性物质含量高。
(7)本发明中药组合物制剂制备简单,稳定性好,耐储存,易于临床应用。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下实施例。
实施例1本发明中药组合物的原料配方
组合物1:姜半夏1000g,茯苓1200g,厚朴900g,生姜600g,苏叶600g;
组合物2:法半夏1200g,茯苓1500g,厚朴1200g,生姜1500g,苏叶1000g;
组合物3:清半夏1200g,茯苓1300g,厚朴1000g,生姜1000g,苏叶800g;
组合物4:姜半夏1200g,茯苓1200g,厚朴900g,生姜600g,苏叶600g;
组合物5:姜半夏1000g,茯苓1500g,厚朴1200g,生姜1500g,苏叶1000g;
组合物6:法半夏1200g,茯苓1500g,厚朴900g,生姜1500g,苏叶1000g;
组合物7:法半夏1000g,茯苓1200g,厚朴1200g,生姜600g,苏叶600g;
组合物8:清半夏1200g,茯苓1500g,厚朴1200g,生姜600g,苏叶1000g;
组合物9:清半夏1200g,茯苓1200g,厚朴900g,生姜1500g,苏叶600g;
实施例2本发明中药组合物提取物的制备及活性物质的含量
取原料配方的制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.15(50℃)的清膏,即为本发明中药组合物提取物。
所述复方中药组合物提取物中含有下列活性物质:总酸(以琥珀酸计)、厚朴酚与和厚朴酚、6-姜辣素(C17H26O4),结果见表1,测定方法依照《中国药典》(2010版)第一部的方法。
表1本发明中药组合物活性物质含量
实施例3本发明中药组合物提取物的制备及活性物质的含量
本试验是对超临界CO2萃取设备的工艺参数进行综合研究,寻找各种萃取条件(萃取温度、压力、时间、次数和CO2流量)对萃取量及有效物质含量的影响,经考察萃取次数影响较小(萃取次数2~3次,2次较优),萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量是主要的影响因素,因此以总酸和提取物的得率为指标用正交试验法考察四种因素对提取效果的影响。考察因素及水平见表2。
表2本发明中药组合物提取工艺考察因素水平表
试验方法称取清半夏1100g,茯苓1300g,厚朴1000g,生姜1000g,苏叶800g,粉碎成粗粉,取原料配方的制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉,然后将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力,调整CO2流量为,调节萃取温度,循环萃取2次,按正交试验表3的要求萃取,平行三份,合并提取液。
表3本发明中药组合物提取工艺考察正交表
所述复方中药组合物提取物中含有下列活性物质:总酸(以琥珀酸计)、厚朴酚与和厚朴酚、6-姜辣素(C17H26O4),测定方法依照《中国药典》(2010版)第一部的方法。
表4总酸含量方差分析表
F0.01(2,18)=6.01 F0.05(2,18)=3.55
由表4总酸含量方差分析的结果可知:萃取压力、萃取时间对提取效果影响最大为极显著性因素,萃取温度为显著性因素,CO2的流量的影响因素最小,为非显著性因素;同时参考表3萃取得率测定结果,确定最佳提取工艺为A2B2C3D1,即萃取压力为22MPa,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为4h,调整CO2流量为10kg/h。
根据上述优选工艺,制得的本发明中药组合物的活性物质含量如下表5所示。
表5本发明中药组合物活性物质含量
实施例4本发明中药组合物颗粒剂的制备
根据实施例2的制备方法制得的清膏,加1.1~1.5倍重量份的糊精及甜菊素适量,混匀,制成颗粒,干燥,即得。
实施例5本发明中药组合物的口服液制备
取实施例2得到的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达50~70%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇至无醇味,另加入单糖浆、吐温80,山梨酸钾适量,加水至2000ml,搅匀,滤过,灌装,灭菌,即得。
实施例6本发明中药组合物的滴丸制备
处方1:姜半夏1000g,茯苓1200g,厚朴900g,生姜600g,苏叶600g;
取实施例2得到的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到50%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至至相对密度为1.25-1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用;另取2倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
处方2:法半夏1200g,茯苓1500g,厚朴1200g,生姜1500g,苏叶1000g;
取实施例2得到的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到70%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至至相对密度为1.25-1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用;另取3倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
处方3:清半夏1100g,茯苓1300g,厚朴1000g,生姜1000g,苏叶800g;
取实施例2得到的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到60%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至至相对密度为1.25-1.30(50℃)的稠膏,减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,备用;另取2倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
实施例7本发明中药组合物的软胶囊的制备
取纯化水通入化胶罐内,加热至50℃-60℃,加入防腐剂搅拌至全溶,加入明胶、甘油溶解后启动真空泵脱泡,加入色素,继续搅拌至均匀,检验合格后出胶,在保温桶中放置供制备软胶囊使用;另取实施例3制得的提取物,加入1~1.5倍量的PEG400,混合均匀,得软胶囊内容物备用;将上述内容物压制成软胶囊,即得。
实施例8本发明中药组合物厚朴酚、和厚朴酚的含量测定
测定方法:采用高效液相色谱进行测定
色谱条件:色谱柱采用DIKMA,Diamonsil(2)C18(5μm 250×4.6mm)反相色谱柱;流动相:甲醇-水进行梯度洗脱:0~10min,20%~50%甲醇;10~30min,50%~80%甲醇;30~40min,80%~100%甲醇;检测波长:294nm;柱温:35℃。
对照品溶液的制备:取厚朴酚对照品、和厚朴酚对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇分别制成每lmL含厚朴酚30μg、和厚朴酚30μg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备:取本发明中药组合物颗粒剂研碎,过筛(过药典三号筛,50目),得粉末。精密称取约0.1g粉末,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,加甲醇10mL,称定重量,超声60分钟,取出,放冷,再称定重量,用甲醇补足减失的重量,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
测定法:分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液各与供试品溶液注入液相色谱仪测定,按照外标法计算含量,即得。
实施例9本发明中药组合物对氨水喷雾法致大鼠咽炎模型的影响
试验目的:
通过大鼠氨水喷雾致咽炎试验,观察本发明中药组合物对模型动物咽炎症状、组织学改变的作用。
试验动物、试剂及仪器:
动物Wistar大鼠,雄性,190~200g;受试药物为按照实施例2所得的相对密度为1.20(50℃)的浸膏;试剂包括:氨水(浓度25%-28%),甲醛溶液等。
实验仪器包括:喉头喷雾器(型号:L56--03,上海市嘉定区医疗设备厂生产);精密分析天平;血球计数器(型号:MEK-6318K)以及病理相关仪器(包括:全自动脱水机、石蜡包埋机、轮转式切片机、全自动染色机、显微镜及图像分析系统,等)。
本发明中药组合物和剂量设置:以实施例2方法制备的组合物1浸膏、组合物2浸膏、组合物3浸膏为处理药物,剂量为0.5g浸膏/Kg体重(约相当于临床人用量的8倍)。
给药途径及体积:均为口服灌胃给药,10mL/Kg体重,空白对照、模型对照组给同体积蒸馏水。
分组给药:将50只Wista大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组、组合物1组、组合物2组、组合物3组共5组,各组均为10只动物。造模当天开始给药,大、小剂量组采用灌胃给药,一次/日,共给药7天,空白对照和模型对照组给予相同体积蒸馏水。
造模:除空白对照组外,其余各组动物用4.2%氨水喷其咽部1次,每次用喉头喷雾器喷3下,连续喷雾3日,空白对照组采用蒸馏水喷其咽部。
第8d各组动物处死,取下咽部粘膜(用大头针固定在薄纸板上)作病理切片观察。
数据统计:
病理变化程度采用评分方法:①溃疡深层化;②咽后壁深层出现局灶性坏死;③淋巴滤泡肿大,突出咽壁;④黏液腺囊肿形成;⑤一些共性的病理损伤情况,以上项目各组动物中有一个动物出现一项变化得1分,分项累计得分为该组动物该项的得分(结果见表2)。
病理学观察结果:
空白对照组大鼠:咽后壁结构显示无任何损害性变化。咽后壁三段鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部均显示正常结构。鼻咽部和喉咽部被覆假复层纤毛柱状上皮,口咽部被覆未角化复层扁层上皮。固有层内分布有一定数量黏液腺,黏膜下层较薄、与固有层界限不清。
模型组大鼠:咽后壁结构显示明显损害性变化。一般共性的病理损伤情况如下:所有大鼠均发现咽后壁黏膜上皮有多处浅层溃疡(上皮1/3坏死、脱落),溃疡周围组织肿胀,固有层和黏膜下层血管扩张充血、炎细胞浸润,上皮和肌层之间距离增大;所有大鼠均发现咽后壁上皮口咽部比例增大、出现一定程度的角化现象;所有大鼠均发现咽后壁上皮下黏液腺增生,增生的黏液腺可扩展至肌层。其他病理变化详见表2。
组合物1组大鼠:咽后壁结构显示某些损害性变化,但与模型组大鼠比较,损害性变化明显减轻;咽后壁三段鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部均未见明显病理改变;鼻咽部和喉咽部被覆假复层纤毛柱状上皮,有3只动物出现一处黏膜上皮浅层溃疡;多数动物口咽部被覆角化复层扁层上皮。固有层内黏液腺多处扩展至肌层。有3只动物出现溃疡深层化,未见咽后壁深层局灶性坏死、淋巴滤泡肿大突出咽壁、黏液腺囊肿形成等病理改变。
组合物2组大鼠:咽后壁结构显示某些损害性变化,但与模型组大鼠比较,损害性变化明显减轻;咽后壁三段鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部均未见明显病理改变;鼻咽部和喉咽部被覆假复层纤毛柱状上皮,有3只动物出现一处黏膜上皮浅层溃疡;多数动物口咽部被覆角化复层扁层上皮。固有层内黏液腺多处扩展至肌层。有2只动物出现溃疡深层化,未见咽后壁深层局灶性坏死、淋巴滤泡肿大突出咽壁、黏液腺囊肿形成等病理改变。详见表2。
组合物3组大鼠:咽后壁结构显示某些损害性变化,但与模型组大鼠比较,损害性变化明显减轻;咽后壁三段鼻咽部、口咽部、喉咽部均未见明显病理改变;鼻咽部和喉咽部被覆假复层纤毛柱状上皮,有1只动物出现一处黏膜上皮浅层溃疡;多数动物口咽部被覆角化复层扁层上皮。固有层内黏液腺多处扩展至肌层。有1只动物出现溃疡深层化,未见咽后壁深层局灶性坏死、淋巴滤泡肿大突出咽壁、黏液腺囊肿形成等病理改变。详见表6。
表6本发明中药组合物对模型动物咽后壁病理变化评分表
结果表明:分别从共同性变化,溃疡深层化,局灶性坏死,淋巴滤泡肿大,黏液腺囊肿方面对咽后壁组织损伤程度进行评分。结果表明与空白组相比,模型大鼠咽后壁组织严重损伤;与模型组相比,组合物1、组合物2、组合物3咽后壁损伤明显减轻,能明显减轻咽炎动物模型咽后壁局部病损,对咽部粘膜充血、肿胀、溃疡、坏死均有明显的保护作用。其中组合物3效果最优。
实施例10本发明中药组合物对正常小鼠胃排空、肠推进的影响
本发明中药组合物和剂量设置:以实施例2方法制备的组合物1浸膏、组合物2浸膏、组合物3浸膏为处理药物,剂量为0.5g浸膏/Kg体重(约相当于临床人用量的8倍)。生理盐水组灌服生理盐水0.3mL上述各组小鼠每天灌胃1次,连续6天。
动物分组:取昆明小鼠60只(体重20-25g),随机分成对照组(生理盐水组),组合物1组,组合物2组,组合物3组,每组15只。
动物处理:第7天给药前禁食12小时,给药90分钟后,每只小鼠以20g/L蓝色葡聚糖-2000溶液0.2ml灌胃,20分钟后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,剖腹取胃肠,上端在贲门处结扎,下端在幽门处结扎,沿胃大弯侧将胃剖开,将胃内色素残留物充分洗于4ml去离子水中,3500转/min离心,取上清液,用分光光度计在620nm测吸光度,其值作为胃内色素残留量,20g/L蓝色葡聚糖-2000溶液0.2ml,稀释至4ml去离子水中,在620nm测吸光度,其值作为基数值,以样本的吸光度与基数的百分比作为胃内色素残留率,同时量取幽门括约肌至色素最前段及至盲肠的距离,以二者之比作为小肠推进率。
统计学处理:将不合理数据舍去后用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行方差法分析,比较组间差异。实验结果以均数±标准(s)差表示,结果见下表7。
表7本发明中药组合物对正常小鼠胃排空、肠推进的影响
##:对照组比较,P<0.01;#:与对照组比较P<0.05
结论:从上表分析可以看出,本发明中药组合物对胃排空、肠推进率均有增强作用。
与对照组(生理盐水组)比较,组合物1、组合物2、组合物3其胃残留率及肠推进率均有显著性差异(P<0.01),说明本发明中药组合物对胃排空、肠推进具有促进作用。
实施例11本发明中药组合物对多巴胺抑制小鼠胃排空、肠推进的影响
本发明中药组合物和剂量设置:以实施例2方法制备的组合物1浸膏、组合物2浸膏、组合物3浸膏为处理药物,剂量为0.5g浸膏/Kg体重(约相当于临床人用量的8倍)。生理盐水组灌服生理盐水0.3mL上述各组小鼠每天灌胃1次,连续6天。
动物分组:取上述小鼠随机分成5组,即生理盐水组,模型组(多巴胺组),组合物1、组合物2、组合物3加多巴胺组,每组15只。
给药方法:模型组(多巴胺组)给药同生理盐水组,动物处理第7天给药前禁食12小时,给药75min后,除生理盐水组外,其余组均腹腔注射多巴胺0.02mg,15min后每组以20g/L蓝色葡聚糖-2000溶液0.2ml灌胃,20分钟后颈椎脱臼处死小鼠,剖腹取胃肠,上端在贲门处结扎,下端在幽门处结扎,沿胃大弯侧将胃剖开,将胃内色素残留物充分洗于4ml去离子水中,3500转/min离心,取上清液,用分光光度计在620nm测吸光度,其值作为胃内色素残留量,20g/L蓝色葡聚糖-2000溶液0.2ml,稀释至4ml去离子水中,在620nm测吸光度,其值作为基数值,以样本的吸光度与基数的百分比作为胃内色素残留率,同时量取幽门括约肌至色素最前段及至盲肠的距离,以二者之比作为小肠推进率。
统计学处理:将不合理数据舍去后用SPSS 12.0统计软件进行方差法分析,比较组间差异。实验结果以均数±标准(s)差表示,结果见下表8。
表8本发明中药组合物对多巴胺抑制小鼠胃排空模型的影响
**:与模型组比较p<0.01,*:与模型组比较P<0.05;##:对照组比较,P<0.01;#:与对照组比较,P<0.05
结论:从上表分析可以看出,模型组(多巴胺组)与生理盐水组比较,胃残留率及肠推进率相比较有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),多巴胺能使胃排空,肠推进明显降低;本发明中药组合物能对抗多巴胺对小鼠胃排空、肠推进的抑制作用,由此可见,本发明中药组合物可能是通过抑制多巴胺受体而发挥促胃肠动力作用的。
实施例12本发明中药组合物的临床应用
选择确诊为LPR患者。诊断与入选标准为:经耳鼻喉科常规体检和喉镜、胃镜检查符合胃食管反流,确诊LPR且幽门螺旋杆菌阴性者,一般具有以下症状或部分症状①泛酸、烧心、反胃等症状;②咽喉部主观症状表现为咽喉堵塞感或咽部异物感、咽干、咽痒、微痛、干咳等;检查:咽部黏膜充血,或咽侧索肥厚、咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生,有少量黏性分泌物附着,或咽黏膜干燥、萎缩等。③病程超过2个月。④至少2周内未服用其他抑制胃酸和影响胃肠道功能的中西药物。排除标准:癌症、妊娠、药物、过敏
治疗方案:服用本发明中药组合物3(制成汤剂),早晚各1次,每次5g,30天为1个疗程,连续服用2个疗程。服药期间患者均遵医嘱改变生活方式,如:禁烟、减少饮酒、刺激辛辣饮食,避免餐后立即卧床和睡前进食,保证充足睡眠,合理膳食营养等。
疗效评定标准:
显效:治疗后患者咽痛、干、痒、烧灼感、声嘶等咽部症状消失,反酸、喛气、烧心等消化道症状完全或明显缓解,喉镜下见粘膜充血、组织,水肿消失,溃疡愈合;
有效:患者咽喉部症状明显改善,镜下可见粘膜充血及水肿症状明显减轻、溃疡面积缩小,消化道症状部分缓解;
无效:患者咽部、消化道症状及镜下病理检查均未见明显改善甚至恶化。总有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数×100%
结果:本研究中,临床实验组共收集40例患者,显效为60.3%,总有效率为87.5%,由此可见,本发明中药组合物对于反流性咽喉炎有着很好的临床治疗效。
李某,男,56岁,近两月逐渐出现咽痛、干、痒、烧灼感、声嘶等咽部症状,喉镜下见粘膜充血,并伴有反酸、喛气、烧心等消化道症状,经诊断为反流性咽喉炎,指导其服用本发明中药组合物3,口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次5克,连续服用21天后,症状及体征明显减轻,患者咽喉部症状明显改善,镜下可见粘膜充血及水肿症状明显减轻,喛气、烧心等消化道症状明显缓解。
张某,女,36岁,患者自述多年来存在慢性咳嗽、声音嘶哑、咽异物感、咽痒、频繁清嗓、咽黏液增多等症状,服用多种药物均未根除,喉镜下见粘膜充血现象,经诊断为反流性咽喉炎。指导其服用本发明中药组合物3,口服,每日2次,早晚各1次,每次5克,连续服用2个月后,症状及体征明显减轻,患者咽喉部症状明显改善,镜下可见粘膜充血明显减轻。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于制备治疗和/或预防反流性咽喉炎药物的中药组合物,其特征在于,由以下重量份的原料药制成:制半夏12份、茯苓13份、厚朴10份、生姜10份和苏叶8份;
其中,所述的制半夏为清半夏。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为:取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10-1.15的清膏,即得。
3.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉;
(2)将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力为22MPa,调整CO2流量为10kg/h,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为4h,循环萃取2次,即得。
4.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂为片剂、硬胶囊、颗粒剂、口服液、软胶囊或滴丸。
5.如权利要求4所述的中药组合物的制剂,其特征在于,所述的软胶囊制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,粉碎得粗粉,然后将粉末装入超临界CO2萃取装置萃取釜,待制冷装置与萃取釜和分离釜加温装置正常工作后,打开压缩泵加压到所需固定分离压力为22MPa,调整CO2流量为10kg/h,萃取温度为50℃,萃取时间为4h,循环萃取2次,即得油状液体;
(2)取纯化水通入化胶罐内,加热至50℃-60℃,加入防腐剂搅拌至全溶,加入明胶、甘油溶解后启动真空泵脱泡,加入色素,继续搅拌至均匀,检验合格后出胶,在保温桶中放置供制备软胶囊使用;
(3)另取制得的油状液体,加入1-1.5倍量的PEG400,混合均匀,得软胶囊内容物备用;
(4)将上述内容物压制成软胶囊,即得。
6.如权利要求4所述的中药组合物的制剂,其特征在于,所述的滴丸制备方法为:
(1)取制半夏、茯苓、厚朴、生姜、苏叶,加水煎煮提取2次,第一次加10倍量水,提取1.5小时,第二次加8倍量水,提取1小时,合并提取液,滤过,滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.15-1.20的清膏;
(2)取制得的清膏,加入乙醇使含醇量达到50%-70%,搅拌均匀,静置24小时,滤过,滤液回收乙醇并浓缩至相对密度为1.25-1.30的稠膏;
(3)减压干燥,得干浸膏,粉碎,过100目筛,得浸膏粉备用;
(4)另取2-3倍量的聚乙二醇6000加热熔融,搅拌下加入前述浸膏粉,搅拌均匀,在保温80℃-85℃的条件下,控制滴速,将混悬物滴加至二甲基硅油的冷却液中,待冷凝完全,收集滴丸,拭去滴丸表面的冷凝液,即得。
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