CN106417879A - 酸奶冰淇淋及其制备方法 - Google Patents
酸奶冰淇淋及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106417879A CN106417879A CN201610842422.2A CN201610842422A CN106417879A CN 106417879 A CN106417879 A CN 106417879A CN 201610842422 A CN201610842422 A CN 201610842422A CN 106417879 A CN106417879 A CN 106417879A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/40—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the dairy products used
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/325—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/327—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the fatty product used, e.g. fat, fatty acid, fatty alcohol, their esters, lecithin, glycerides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
- A23G9/32—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G9/34—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种酸奶冰淇淋及其制备方法,所述酸奶冰淇淋由下述重量份的原料制备而成:水57‑67份、脱脂奶粉7‑15份、植物油3‑7份、白砂糖10‑20份、酸奶粉3‑7份、酸奶香精0.01‑0.2份、乳酸0.1‑1份、乳化剂0.05‑0.5份、稳定剂0.1‑1份。本发明所述一种酸奶冰淇淋,根据冰淇淋感官品质和膨胀率进行研究,通过合理的配比,优选出合适的稳定剂和乳化剂,制作的冰淇淋不但具有冰淇淋的香味浓郁,冰凉爽口特点,还具有养生之功效,尤其适合老人和儿童食用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种冰淇淋,尤其涉及一种酸奶冰淇淋及其制备方法。
背景技术
冰淇淋是一种含有优质蛋白质及高糖高脂的食品,另外还含有氨基酸及钙、磷、钾、钠、氯、硫、铁等,具有调节生理机能、保持渗透压和酸碱度的功能。资料显示,按照国际和国家产品标准,一般奶油冰淇淋,其营养成分为牛奶的2.8-3倍,在人体内的消化率可达95%以上,高于肉类、脂肪类的消化率。
乳与乳制品主要包括鲜牛乳、稀奶油及奶油、炼乳与乳粉,是生产冰淇淋的主要原料之一。稀奶油及奶油在冰淇淋的作用可以归纳如下:(1)为冰淇淋提供丰富的营养及热能;(2)影响冰淇淋的组织结构;(3)冰淇淋风味的主要来源;(4)增加冰淇淋的抗融性。液奶、炼乳、奶粉、乳清粉提供了冰淇淋生产中的非脂乳固体,其作用如下:我们把牛乳总固形物将除去脂肪而所剩余的蛋白质、乳糖及矿物质的部分称为非脂乳固体,在均质过程中蛋白质它与乳化剂一同在小脂肪球表面形成稳定的薄膜,这是由蛋白质的水合作用性质所决定,这样就能确保油脂在体系中的稳定性,同时在凝冻过程中能够促使空气很好的混入。这样就能有效的防止制品中冰结晶的扩大,使质地润滑。并且乳糖的柔和甜味及矿物质的隐约盐味,将赋予制品显著风味特征。
乳化剂为能使两种或两种以上互不相溶的液体均匀的分散成乳状液(或乳浊液)的物质。在冰淇淋研发过程中为提高冰淇淋混料的粘度,改善其油脂以及含油脂固体微粒的分散度,延缓微粒冰晶的增大以及抑制冰渣在短时间内出现,需要添加一些食品添加剂,添加后则能改善冰淇淋的口感、内部结构和外观状态,提高冰淇淋体系的分散稳定性和一定抗融化性,这样的食品添加剂称为冰淇淋乳化增稠剂。冰淇淋加工中植物蛋白原料较多,常用的有大豆、绿豆、花生、芝麻、玉米、葵花籽、杏仁等。它们有如下特点:蛋白质含量高、含丰富油脂、经处理有诱人香味、加工性能好、资源丰富、不含胆固醇,且各种营养丰富。
冰淇淋产品开发的趋势,也将迎合21世纪食品天然、营养、保健、安全、卫生这一大的发展趋势,以满足越来越多的人们对于营养、保健、绿色食品的需求。现在世界各国的冰淇淋产品开发趋势中,也都包含着“健康”这一元素,如韩国含有绿茶、酸乳、蓝莓等健康元素的新产品正在日益增多;美国的发酵酸乳冰淇淋和低脂冰淇淋也发展迅速。
本发明提供了一种冰淇淋及其制备方法,工艺简单,制备的冰淇淋口感好、营养丰富。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题之一是提供一种酸奶冰淇淋。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种酸奶冰淇淋,由下述重量份的原料制备而成:水57-67份、脱脂奶粉7-15份、植物油3-7份、白砂糖10-20份、酸奶粉3-7份、酸奶香精0.01-0.2份、乳酸0.1-1份、乳化剂0.05-0.5份、稳定剂0.1-1份。
优选地,所述的乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的乳化剂由单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯混合而成,所述单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
优选地,所述的稳定剂为海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠中一种或多种的混合物。
更优选地,所述的稳定剂由海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠混合而成,所述海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
优选地,所述的植物油为椰子油、菜籽油、大豆油中的一种或多种的混合物。
本发明还提供了上述酸奶冰淇淋的制备方法,将各原料混合均匀,灭菌,均质,老化,得到冰淇淋基料;将桶浸入-10~-30℃冷却液中,再将冰淇淋基料倒入桶内,以转速30-300转/分搅拌5-20min即得。
本发明所述一种酸奶冰淇淋,根据冰淇淋感官品质和膨胀率进行研究,通过合理的配比,优选出合适的稳定剂和乳化剂,制作的冰淇淋不但具有冰淇淋的香味浓郁,冰凉爽口特点,还具有养生之功效,尤其适合老人和儿童食用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,以下所述,仅是对本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明做其他形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更为同等变化的等效实施例。凡是未脱离本发明方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以下实施例所做的任何简单修改或等同变化,均落在本发明的保护范围内。
实施例中各原料介绍:
水为饮用水。
脱脂奶粉,采用北安完达山乳品有限公司生产的脱脂奶粉,无蔗糖。
植物油采用椰子油,本发明实施例中采用海南百诺康生物科技开发有限公司生产的100%纯初榨现榨椰子油。
白砂糖,即蔗糖,CAS号:57-50-1。
酸奶粉,采用希杰(CJ)韩国株式会社生产的蜜蒂尔优格冰沙粉,蜜蒂尔优格冰沙粉又称蜜蒂尔酸奶粉。
酸奶香精,采用广东省阳东县化工工业公司生产的福海牌酸奶粉末香精。
乳酸,CAS号:849585-22-4。
黄原胶,CAS号:11138-66-2,具体采用淄博中轩生化有限公司提供的食品级黄原胶。
焦磷酸钠,CAS号:7722-88-5,具体采用湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司提供的食品级焦磷酸钠。
海藻酸钠,CAS号:31581-02-9,河南思远生物科技有限公司提供的食品级海藻酸钠。
蔗糖硬脂酸酯,CAS号:25168-73-4。
山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯,即斯盘60,CAS号:1338-41-6。
单硬脂酸甘油酯,CAS号:123-94-4。
实施例1
酸奶冰淇淋原料(重量份):饮用水62.5份、脱脂奶粉12.5份、植物油5份、白砂糖14.5份、酸奶粉5份、酸奶香精0.01份、乳酸0.1份、单硬脂酸甘油酯0.15份、黄原胶0.4份。
制备上述酸奶冰淇淋的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)冰淇淋基料的制备:将饮用水、脱脂奶粉、植物油、白砂糖、酸奶粉、酸奶香精、乳酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯、黄原胶以转速为300转/分搅拌10min混合均匀,得到混合物;
(2)将混合物加热到75℃,保温25min杀菌;
(3)采用上海普丽盛融合机械设备有限公司生产的型号为HOMG-Q4000-P25的均质机,转速至2000转/分,压力5Mpa,将杀菌后的混合物均质处理30min;
(4)将均质处理后的混合物,静置保存4小时完成老化,得到冰淇淋基料;
(5)将冰块重量三分之一的食盐(采用中盐国本盐业有限公司生产的低钠盐)加入0℃冰块(由水冻结而成)中,即食盐与冰块的质量比1:3将水的温度降至-20℃,得到冷却液;
(6)将不锈钢桶(采用食品级304不锈钢制备而成)浸入步骤(2)制得冷却液中(即所述不锈钢桶通过冷却液进行夹套保温),再向不锈钢桶中加入冰淇淋基料,冰淇淋基料加入量为冷却液总重量的四分之一,设置搅拌转速为40转/分(采用广州市番禺区新思远金属加工机械厂生产的型号为BQ-176的锥形搅拌机),搅拌冰淇淋基料10min。得到实施例1的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例2
酸奶冰淇淋原料(重量份):饮用水62.5份、脱脂奶粉12.5份、椰子油5份、白砂糖14.5份、酸奶粉5份、酸奶香精0.01份、乳酸0.1份、乳化剂0.18份、稳定剂0.42份。
所述的乳化剂由单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
所述的稳定剂由海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。
制备上述酸奶冰淇淋的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)冰淇淋基料的制备:饮用水、脱脂奶粉、椰子油、白砂糖、酸奶粉、酸奶香精、乳酸、乳化剂、稳定剂以转速为300转/分搅拌10min混合均匀,得到混合物;
(2)将混合物加热到75℃,保温25min杀菌;
(3)采用上海普丽盛融合机械设备有限公司生产的型号为HOMG-Q4000-P25的均质机,转速至2000转/分,压力5Mpa,将杀菌后的混合物均质处理30min;
(4)将均质处理后的混合物,静置保存4小时完成老化,得到冰淇淋基料;
(5)将冰块重量三分之一的食盐(采用中盐国本盐业有限公司生产的低钠盐)加入0℃冰块(由水冻结而成)中,即食盐与冰块的质量比1:3将水的温度降至-20℃,得到冷却液;
(6)将不锈钢桶(采用食品级304不锈钢制备而成)浸入步骤(2)制得冷却液中(即所述不锈钢桶通过冷却液进行夹套保温),再向不锈钢桶中加入冰淇淋基料,冰淇淋基料加入量为冷却液总重量的四分之一,设置搅拌转速为40转/分(采用广州市番禺区新思远金属加工机械厂生产的型号为BQ-176的锥形搅拌机),搅拌冰淇淋基料10min。得到实施例2的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例3
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的稳定剂由黄原胶、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例3的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例4
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的稳定剂由海藻酸钠、焦磷酸钠按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例4的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例5
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的稳定剂由海藻酸钠、黄原胶按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例5的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例6
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的乳化剂由蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例6的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例7
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的乳化剂由单硬脂酸甘油酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例7的酸奶冰淇淋。
实施例8
与实施例2基本相同,区别仅仅在于:所述的乳化剂由单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯按质量比为1:1搅拌混合均匀得到。得到实施例8的酸奶冰淇淋。
测试例1
对实施例2-8制备的冰淇淋进行感官评价测试,感官评价是通过视觉、嗅觉、触觉、味觉和听觉等,对产品进行测量、分析和解释的一种科学方法。冰淇淋的感官评价主要指其目视的外观感觉、嗅觉风味体验,以及口腔摄入时的综合感觉,包括咀嚼时感到的香甜、软硬、粘稠、酥脆、滑爽等。本试验由20人组成评审组,分别从冰淇淋的色泽(10分)、香味(20分)、滋味(40分)、形体(15分)、组织状态(15分)进行评分,共计100分。取3次重复试验的平均值作为试验最终记录值。感官评分90分以上为特级品,80-90分为一级品,70分以下为不合格产品。具体结果见表1。
比较后进行统计学分析,结果表明P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。
表1:感官评分结果表
色泽 | 香味 | 滋味 | 形体 | 组织 | 评分 | |
实施例2 | 10 | 19 | 39 | 15 | 15 | 98 |
实施例3 | 10 | 17 | 34 | 13 | 12 | 86 |
实施例4 | 10 | 18 | 36 | 13 | 14 | 91 |
实施例5 | 10 | 18 | 34 | 13 | 13 | 88 |
实施例6 | 9 | 17 | 36 | 13 | 12 | 87 |
实施例7 | 10 | 18 | 35 | 13 | 13 | 89 |
实施例8 | 10 | 19 | 35 | 13 | 13 | 90 |
实施例2的冰淇淋口感无冰晶感,无脂肪粒,组织较细腻;实施例3口感有冰晶,有脂肪粒,组织细腻;实施例4口感有冰晶,有脂肪粒,组织粗糙;实施例5口感有冰晶,有脂肪粒,组织粗糙。
比较实施例2与实施例3-5,实施例2(海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠复配)冰淇淋感官评分明显优于实施例3-5(海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠中任意二者复配);比较实施例2与实施例6-8,实施例2(单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯复配)冰淇淋感官评分明显优于实施例5-7(单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯中任意二者复配)。
测试例2
对实施例2-8冰淇淋的理化指标进行测定。蛋白质含量测定:凯氏定氮法;膨胀率测定:膨胀率(%)=(产品体积-配料体积)/配料体积×100%。冰淇淋融化速率的测定,抗融能力是衡量冰淇淋品质的一个重要指标。融化速率的大小说明了冰淇淋抗融化速度及保持原有形态的能力。相对低的融化率有助于延长冰淇淋保存时间,及增加冰淇淋对温度波动的抵抗能力。冰淇淋融化速率测定方法:精确称取200g重量的冰淇淋样品置于37℃恒温箱中放置45min,测定融化后产品的重量。根据式(1)计算出融化速率。
融化速率(%)=融化后样品的重量/冰淇淋样品的重量×100%-------式(1)
具体结果见表2。
表2:理化指标测试结果表单位:%
蛋白质含量 | 膨胀率 | 融化速率 | |
实施例2 | 2.6 | 56.1 | 6.2 |
实施例3 | 2.2 | 49.3 | 8.1 |
实施例4 | 2.4 | 49.7 | 8.6 |
实施例5 | 2.1 | 50.1 | 8.4 |
实施例6 | 2.5 | 48.3 | 8.9 |
实施例7 | 2.2 | 47.8 | 8.8 |
实施例8 | 2.4 | 47.6 | 8.5 |
比较实施例2与实施例3-5,实施例2(海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠复配)冰淇淋理化指标测试结果明显优于实施例3-5(海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠中任意二者复配);比较实施例2与实施例6-8,实施例2(单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯复配)冰淇淋理化指标测试结果明显优于实施例6-8(单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯中任意二者复配)。
Claims (6)
1.一种酸奶冰淇淋,其特征在于,由下述重量份的原料制备而成:水57-67份、脱脂奶粉7-15份、植物油3-7份、白砂糖10-20份、酸奶粉3-7份、酸奶香精0.01-0.2份、乳酸0.1-1份、乳化剂0.05-0.5份、稳定剂0.1-1份。
2.如权利要求1所述的酸奶冰淇淋,其特征在于:所述的乳化剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯中一种或多种的混合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的酸奶冰淇淋,其特征在于:所述的乳化剂由单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯混合而成,所述单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
4.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的酸奶冰淇淋,其特征在于:所述的稳定剂为海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠中一种或多种的混合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的酸奶冰淇淋,其特征在于:所述的稳定剂由海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠混合而成,所述海藻酸钠、黄原胶、焦磷酸钠的质量比为(1-3):(1-3):(1-3)。
6.如权利要求1-5中任一项所述酸奶冰淇淋的制备方法,其特征在于:将各原料混合均匀,灭菌,均质,老化,得到冰淇淋基料;将桶浸入-10~-30℃冷却液中,再将冰淇淋基料倒入桶内,以转速30-300转/分搅拌5-20min即得。
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